2011 – Page 19 – Iwansuwandy's Blog [PDF]

Iwansuwandy's Blog Driwancybemuseum's blog

Year: 2011

Koleksi Sejarah Etnis Tionghoa Indonesia .(Indonesia Tionghoa Ethnic Historic Collections) June 9, 2011June 10, 2011

iwansuwandy

4 Comments

.

MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA DR IWAN S.

Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA



(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg)

WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

The Driwan’s

Tionghoa Ethnic Cybermuseum

Showcase:

Koleksi sejarah Etnis tionghoa Indonesia(Indonesian tionghoa Ethnic Historic Collections)

A.Kata Pengantar Informasi yang terkait dengan Etnis tionghoa Indonesia selama ini kurang dipublikasikan, untuk kepentingan generasi muda masa mendatang saya beranggapan fakta postif dan negatif Etnis Tiongha menurut pendapat etnis Tionghoa atau etnis lainnya di Indonesia perlu dihimpun dalam suatu wadah tersendiri. Seluruh Informasi ini berasal dari eksplorasi Google, nama penulisnya tidak dicantumkan untuk menghindari hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan. Setelah membaca informasi ini, mulailah generasi muda etnis tionghoa dan etnis lainnya di Indonesia segera menyesuaikan diri dengan adalnya perubahan kenijakan orde informasi di mulai oleh Almarmuh prdseident Abdulrachman Wabid alias Gus dur , sedemikian rupa dapat mberkembang suatu kerjasma diantara etnis di Indonesia. Demikianlah harap saya Jakarta Juni 2011 Dr Iwan suwandy INFORMASI NOMOR SATU :

Tionghoa-Indonesia . Akurasi

Terperiksa

Suku Tionghoa-Indonesia

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Nikita_with_you_jo_juan.jpg&filetimestamp=20070501224735)

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Berkas:Mari_Pangestu_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2008.jpg&filetimestamp=20080817201445) title=Berkas:Ciputra.jpg&filetimestamp=20101022061539)

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Christianjohn.jpg&filetimestamp=20101010134558)

title=Berkas:Rudy_hartono_kurniawan.jpg&filetimestamp=20060701120244)

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Angelique_Widjaja.jpg&filetimestamp=20100226225752)

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_Tjong_A_Fie_Majoor_der_Chinezen_in_Medan_TMnr_10018656.jpg&filetimestamp=20091127122639) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Soehokgie.jpg&filetimestamp=20060202122700) Natashia Nikita (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natashia_Nikita) · Mari Elka Pangestu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Elka_Pangestu) · Ciputra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciputra) Chris John (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_John) · Rudy Hartono Kurniawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Hartono_Kurniawan) · Angelique Widjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelique_Widjaja) Tjong A Fie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjong_A_Fie) · Soe Hok Gie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soe_Hok_Gie) Jumlah populasi 1.739.000 (sensus 2000 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000))[1] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-sensus-2000-0) 7.670.000 (perkiraan 2006)[2] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-1) Kawasan dengan jumlah penduduk yang signifikan Kalimantan Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat), DKI Jakarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta), Jawa Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat), Jawa Tengah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah), Jawa Timur (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur), Sumatera Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara), Riau (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau), Bangka-Belitung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangka-Belitung), Sulawesi Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan), Sulawesi Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur), dan Papua (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua). Bahasa Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkien), Hakka (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka), Tiochiu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tiochiu), Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin), Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa), Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia) dan bahasa-bahasa daerah lainnya. Agama Kong Hu Cu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Konghucu), Kristen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen), Buddha (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha), dan Islam (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam). Kelompok etnis terdekat Mayoritas suku Han (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Han) dan minoritas suku Hui (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Hui) di Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina). Suku bangsa Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa) (biasa disebut juga Cina[3] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-2)) di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) adalah salah satu etnis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnis) di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia). Biasanya mereka menyebut dirinya dengan istilah Tenglang (Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien)), Tengnang (Tiochiu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tiochiu)), atau Thongnyin (Hakka (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka)). Dalam bahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin) mereka disebut Tangren (Hanzi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzi): , “orang Tang”). Hal ini sesuai dengan kenyataan bahwa orang Tionghoa-Indonesia mayoritas berasal dari Cina selatan yang menyebut diri mereka sebagai orang Tang, sementara orang Cina utara menyebut diri mereka sebagai orang Han (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han) (Hanzi: , hanyu pinyin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin): hanren, “orang Han”). Leluhur orang Tionghoa-Indonesia berimigrasi secara bergelombang sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu melalui kegiatan perniagaan. Peran mereka beberapa kali muncul dalam sejarah Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Indonesia), bahkan sebelum Republik Indonesia dideklarasikan dan terbentuk. Catatan-catatan dari Cina menyatakan bahwa kerajaan-kerajaan kuno di Nusantara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara) telah berhubungan erat dengan dinasti-dinasti yang berkuasa di Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina). Faktor inilah yang kemudian menyuburkan perdagangan dan lalu lintas barang maupun manusia dari Cina ke Nusantara dan sebaliknya. Setelah negara Indonesia merdeka, orang Tionghoa yang berkewarganegaraan Indonesia digolongkan sebagai salah satu suku dalam lingkup nasional Indonesia, sesuai Pasal 2 UU Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia.[4] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-3)

Daftar isi 1 Asal kata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Asal_kata) 2 Populasi di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Populasi_di_Indonesia) 3 Daerah asal di Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Daerah_asal_di_Cina) 4 Daerah konsentrasi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Daerah_konsentrasi) 5 Sejarah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Sejarah) 5.1 Masa-masa awal (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Masa-masa_awal) 5.2 Era kolonial (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Era_kolonial) 5.2.1 Pendidikan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Pendidikan) 5.2.2 Perekonomian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Perekonomian) 5.2.3 Pergerakan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Pergerakan) 5.3 Masa Revolusi dan Pra Kemerdekaan RI (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Masa_Revolusi_dan_Pra_Kemerdekaan_RI) 5.4 Pasca kemerdekaan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Pasca_kemerdekaan) 5.4.1 Orde Lama (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Orde_Lama) 5.4.2 Orde Baru (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Orde_Baru) 5.4.3 Reformasi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Reformasi) 6 Kerusuhan Rasial terhadap Warga Tionghoa di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Kerusuhan_Rasial_terhadap_Warga_Tionghoa_di_Indonesia) 7 Peran Warga Tionghoa Bagi Republik Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Peran_Warga_Tionghoa_Bagi_Republik_Indonesia) 7.1 Peran Ekonomi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Peran_Ekonomi) 7.2 Peran Sosial Budaya dan Pendidikan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Peran_Sosial_Budaya_dan_Pendidikan) 8 Tionghoa-Indonesia saat ini (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Tionghoa-Indonesia_saat_ini) 9 Catatan kaki dan referensi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Catatan_kaki_dan_referensi) 10 Lihat pula (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Lihat_pula) 11 Pranala luar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#Pranala_luar)

Asal kata

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Surat_The_Hong_Eng.jpg&filetimestamp=20070927064438) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Surat_The_Hong_Eng.jpg&filetimestamp=20070927064438) Kata Tionghwa telah digunakan dalam surat setia kepada tentara Nippon ini. Tionghoa atau tionghwa, adalah istilah yang dibuat sendiri oleh orang keturunan Cina di Indonesia, yang berasal dari kata zhonghua dalam Bahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin). Zhonghua dalam dialek Hokkian dilafalkan sebagai Tionghoa. Wacana Cung Hwa setidaknya sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1880, yaitu adanya keinginan dari orang-orang di Cina untuk terbebas dari kekuasaan dinasti kerajaan dan membentuk suatu negara yang lebih demokratis dan kuat. Wacana ini sampai terdengar oleh orang asal Cina yang bermukim di Hindia Belanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda) yang ketika itu dinamakan Orang Cina. Sekelompok orang asal Cina yang anak-anaknya lahir di Hindia Belanda, merasa perlu mempelajari kebudayaan dan bahasanya. Pada tahun 1900 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900), mereka mendirikan sekolah di Hindia Belanda, di bawah naungan suatu badan yang dinamakan “Tjung Hwa Hwei Kwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjung_Hwa_Hwei_Kwan)“, yang bila lafalnya diindonesiakan menjadi Tiong Hoa Hwe Kwan (THHK). THHK dalam perjalanannya bukan saja memberikan pendidikan bahasa dan kebudayaan Cina, tapi juga menumbuhkan rasa persatuan orang-orang Tionghoa di Hindia Belanda, seiring dengan perubahan istilah “Cina” menjadi “Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa)” di Hindia Belanda.

Populasi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Volkstelling (sensus (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus)) di masa Hindia Belanda, populasi Tionghoa-Indonesia mencapai 1.233.000 (2,03%) dari penduduk Indonesia di tahun 1930.[5] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-4) Tidak ada data resmi mengenai jumlah populasi Tionghoa di Indonesia dikeluarkan pemerintah sejak Indonesia merdeka. Namun ahli antropologi Amerika, G.W. Skinner, dalam risetnya pernah memperkirakan populasi masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia mencapai 2.505.000 (2,5%) pada tahun 1961.[6] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TionghoaIndonesia#cite_note-5) Dalam sensus penduduk (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus_penduduk) pada tahun 2000, ketika untuk pertama kalinya responden sensus ditanyai mengenai asal etnis mereka, hanya 1% dari jumlah keseluruhan populasi Indonesia mengaku sebagai Tionghoa. Perkiraan kasar yang dipercaya mengenai jumlah suku Tionghoa-Indonesia saat ini ialah berada di antara kisaran 4% – 5% dari seluruh jumlah populasi Indonesia. [7] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-Kusno-6)

Daerah asal di Tiongkok

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Peta_distribusi_asal_leluhur.jpg&filetimestamp=20070224134902) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Peta_distribusi_asal_leluhur.jpg&filetimestamp=20070224134902) Peta distribusi daerah asal leluhur suku Tionghoa-Indonesia Ramainya interaksi perdagangan di daerah pesisir tenggara Cina, menyebabkan banyak sekali orang-orang yang juga merasa perlu keluar berlayar untuk berdagang. Tujuan utama saat itu adalah Asia Tenggara. Karena pelayaran sangat tergantung pada angin musim, maka setiap tahunnya para pedagang akan bermukim di wilayah-wilayah Asia Tenggara yang disinggahi mereka. Demikian seterusnya ada pedagang yang memutuskan untuk menetap dan menikahi wanita setempat, ada pula pedagang yang pulang ke Cina untuk terus berdagang. Orang-orang Tionghoa di Indonesia, umumnya berasal dari tenggara Cina. Mereka termasuk suku-suku: Hakka (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka) Hainan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan) Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien) Kantonis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonis) Hokchia (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hokchia&action=edit&redlink=1) Tiochiu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiochiu) Daerah asal yang terkonsentrasi di pesisir tenggara ini dapat dimengerti, karena dari sejak zaman Dinasti Tang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Tang) kota-kota pelabuhan di pesisir tenggara Cina memang telah menjadi bandar perdagangan yang ramai. Quanzhou (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quanzhou) pernah tercatat sebagai bandar pelabuhan terbesar dan tersibuk di dunia pada zaman tersebut.[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)]

Daerah konsentrasi Sebagian besar dari orang-orang Tionghoa di Indonesia menetap di pulau Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa). Daerah-daerah lain di mana mereka juga menetap dalam jumlah besar selain di daerah perkotaan adalah: Sumatera Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara), Bangka-Belitung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangka-Belitung), Sumatera Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan), Lampung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung), Lombok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombok), Kalimantan Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat), Banjarmasin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjarmasin) dan beberapa tempat di Sulawesi Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan) dan Sulawesi Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara). Hakka – Aceh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD), Sumatera Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara), Batam (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batam), Sumatera Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan), Bangka-Belitung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangka-Belitung), Lampung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung), Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa), Kalimantan Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat),Banjarmasin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjarmasin), Sulawesi Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan), Manado (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manado), Ambon (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Ambon) dan Jayapura (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapura). Hainan – Pekanbaru (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekanbaru), Batam (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batam), dan Manado (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manado). Hokkien – Sumatera Utara, Riau ( Pekanbaru (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekanbaru) Selatpanjang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatpanjang), Bagansiapiapi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagansiapiapi), dan Bengkalis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkalis)), Padang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang), Jambi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi), Sumatera Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan), Bengkulu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu), Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa), Bali (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali) (terutama di Denpasar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denpasar) dan Singaraja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaraja)), Banjarmasin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjarmasin), Kutai (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutai), Sumbawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbawa), Manggarai (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manggarai), Kupang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupang), Makassar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makassar), Kendari (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendari), Sulawesi Tengah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tengah), Manado (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manado), dan Ambon. Kantonis – Jakarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta), Makassar dan Manado. Hokchia – Jawa (terutama di Bandung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung), Cirebon (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon), Banjarmasin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjarmasin) dan Surabaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya)). Tiochiu – Sumatera Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara), Riau (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau), Riau Kepulauan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau_Kepulauan), Sumatera Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan), dan Kalimantan Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat) (khususnya di Pontianak (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontianak) dan Ketapang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketapang)). Di Tangerang Banten, masyarakat Tionghoa telah menyatu dengan penduduk setempat dan mengalami pembauran lewat perkawinan, sehingga warna kulit (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam) mereka kadangkadang lebih gelap dari Tionghoa yang lain. Istilah buat mereka disebut Cina Benteng (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina_Benteng). Keseniannya yang masih ada disebut Cokek (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cokek), sebuah tarian lawan jenis secara bersama dengan iringan paduan musik campuran Cina, Jawa, Sunda dan Melayu.

Sejarah Masa-masa awal

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Toucang.jpg&filetimestamp=20100621123803) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Toucang.jpg&filetimestamp=20100621123803) Seorang pria Tionghoa berkuncir (toucang) di jalanan Batavia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia) pertengahan tahun 1910-an (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910-an). Orang dari Tiongkok daratan telah ribuan tahun mengunjungi dan mendiami kepulauan Nusantara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara). Beberapa catatan tertua ditulis oleh para agamawan, seperti Fa Hien (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fa_Hien&action=edit&redlink=1) pada abad ke-4 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-4) dan I Ching (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ching) pada abad ke-7 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-7). Fa Hien melaporkan suatu kerajaan di Jawa (“To lo mo”) dan I Ching ingin datang ke India (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) untuk mempelajari agama Buddha (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha) dan singgah dulu di Nusantara untuk belajar bahasa Sansekerta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sansekerta) dahulu. Di Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa) ia berguru pada seseorang bernama Jñânabhadra (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Jnanabhadra&action=edit&redlink=1). Dengan berkembangnya kerajaan-kerajaan di Nusantara, para imigran Tiongkok pun mulai berdatangan, terutama untuk kepentingan perdagangan. Pada prasasti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti)-prasasti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti_Nusantara) dari Jawa orang Cina disebut-sebut sebagai warga asing yang menetap di samping nama-nama sukubangsa dari Nusantara, daratan Asia Tenggara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara) dan anakbenua India (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anakbenua_India). Dalam suatu prasasti perunggu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perunggu) bertahun 860 dari Jawa Timur disebut suatu istilah, Juru Cina, yang berkait dengan jabatan pengurus orang-orang Tionghoa yang tinggal di sana. Beberapa motif relief di Candi Sewu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Sewu) diduga juga mendapat pengaruh dari motif-motif kain sutera (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutera) Tiongkok.[8] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-7) Catatan Ma Huan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Huan), ketika turut serta dalam ekspedisi Cheng Ho (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Ho), menyebut secara jelas bahwa pedagang Cina muslim menghuni ibukota dan kota-kota bandar Majapahit (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit) (abad ke-15) dan membentuk satu dari tiga komponen penduduk kerajaan itu.[9] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TionghoaIndonesia#cite_note-8) Ekspedisi Cheng Ho juga meninggalkan jejak di Semarang, ketika orang keduanya, Wang Jinghong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Jinghong&action=edit&redlink=1), sakit dan memaksa rombongan melepas sauh di Simongan (sekarang bagian dari Kota Semarang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang)). Wang kemudian menetap karena tidak mampu mengikuti ekspedisi selanjutnya. Ia dan pengikutnya menjadi salah satu cikal-bakal warga Tionghoa Semarang. Wang mengabadikan Cheng Ho menjadi sebuah patung (disebut “Mbah Ledakar Juragan Dampo Awang Sam Po Kong”), serta membangun kelenteng Sam Po Kong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelenteng_Sam_Po_Kong) atau Gedung Batu.[10] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-9) Di komplek ini Wang juga dikuburkan dan dijuluki “Mbah Jurumudi Dampo Awang”.[11] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-10) Sejumlah sejarawan juga menunjukkan bahwa Raden Patah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Patah), pendiri Kesultanan Demak (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Demak), memiliki darah Tiongkok selain keturunan Majapahit. Beberapa wali penyebar agama Islam di Jawa juga memiliki darah Tiongkok, meskipun mereka memeluk Islam dan tidak lagi secara aktif mempraktekkan kultur Tionghoa. Kitab Sunda Tina Layang Parahyang menyebutkan kedatangan rombongan Tionghoa ke muara Ci Sadane (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci_Sadane) (sekarang Teluknaga (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluknaga,_Tangerang)) pada tahun 1407, di masa daerah itu masih di bawah kekuasaan Kerajaan Sunda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sunda) (Pajajaran). Pemimpinnya adalah Halung dan mereka terdampar sebelum mencapai tujuan di Kalapa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Kelapa).

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Chinese_Merchants_at_Banten.jpg&filetimestamp=20061225083055) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Chinese_Merchants_at_Banten.jpg&filetimestamp=20061225083055) Ilustrasi pedagang Tionghoa di Banten

Era kolonial

Di masa kolonial, Belanda pernah mengangkat beberapa pemimpin komunitas dengan gelar Kapiten Cina, yang diwajibkan setia dan menjadi penghubung antara pemerintah dengan komunitas Tionghoa. Beberapa di antara mereka ternyata juga telah berjasa bagi masyarakat umum, misalnya So Beng Kong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Beng_Kong) dan Phoa Beng Gan yang membangun kanal di Batavia[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)]. Di Yogyakarta, Kapiten Tan Djin Sing sempat menjadi Bupati Yogyakarta.[12] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-tionghoadalam-pusaran-politik-11)

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_uitmoorden_van_de_Chinezen_in_Batavia_9_oktober_1740_TMnr_3756-1.jpg&filetimestamp=20100728171131) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_uitmoorden_van_de_Chinezen_in_Batavia_9_oktober_1740_TMnr_3756-1.jpg&filetimestamp=20100728171131) Pembantaian orang Tionghoa tanggal 9 Oktober 1740 di Batavia Sebetulnya terdapat juga kelompok Tionghoa yang pernah berjuang melawan Belanda, baik sendiri maupun bersama etnis lain. Bersama etnis Jawa, kelompok Tionghoa berperang melawan VOC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC) tahun 1740 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1740)–1743 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1743).[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)] Di Kalimantan Barat, komunitas Tionghoa yang tergabung dalam “Republik” Lanfong[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)] berperang dengan pasukan Belanda pada abad XIX. Dalam perjalanan sejarah pra kemerdekaan, beberapa kali etnis Tionghoa menjadi sasaran pembunuhan massal atau penjarahan, seperti pembantaian di Batavia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia) 1740 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1740) dan pembantaian masa perang Jawa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Jawa) 1825-1830. Pembantaian di Batavia tersebut [13] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TionghoaIndonesia#cite_note-12)[14] (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_note-13)[4] (http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/amh/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=1897#tab2) melahirkan gerakan perlawanan dari etnis Tionghoa yang bergerak di beberapa kota di Jawa Tengah yang dibantu pula oleh etnis Jawa. Pada gilirannya ini mengakibatkan pecahnya kerajaan Mataram (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram). Orang Tionghoa tidak lagi diperbolehkan bermukim di sembarang tempat. Aturan Wijkenstelsel (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijkenstelsel) ini menciptakan pemukiman etnis Tionghoa atau pecinan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecinan) di sejumlah kota besar di Hindia Belanda.

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tridarma_Banjarmasin.jpg&filetimestamp=20060221073311) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tridarma_Banjarmasin.jpg&filetimestamp=20060221073311) Daerah Pecinan di Banjarmasin.

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kelenteng_Tua_Pek_Kong.JPG&filetimestamp=20080518042753) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kelenteng_Tua_Pek_Kong.JPG&filetimestamp=20080518042753) Kelenteng Tua Pek Kong di Ketapang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketapang).

Pendidikan Kebangkitan nasionalisme (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebangkitan_nasional) di Hindia Belanda tidak terlepas dari perkembangan yang terjadi pada komunitas Tionghoa. Tanggal 17 Maret (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Maret) 1900 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900) terbentuk di Batavia Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_Hoa_Hwee_Koan) (THHK) yang mendirikan sekolah-sekolah, seperti di kota Garut dirintis dan didirikan pada tahun 1907 oleh seorang pengusaha hasil bumi saat itu bernama Lauw O Teng beserta kedua anak lelakinya bernama Lauw Tek Hay dan Lauw Tek Siang,dengan maksud agar orang Tionghoa bisa pintar, (kemudian jumlahnya mencapai 54 buah sekolah dan di tahun 1908 dan mencapai 450 sekolah tahun 1934). Inisiatif ini diikuti oleh etnis lain, seperti keturunan Arab yang mendirikan Djamiat-ul Chair (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Djamiat-ul_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1) meniru model THHK. Pada gilirannya hal ini menyadarkan priyayi Jawa tentang pentingnya pendidikan bagi generasi muda sehingga dibentuklah Budi Utomo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Utomo).

Perekonomian Target pemerintah kolonial untuk mencegah interaksi pribumi dengan etnis Tionghoa melalui aturan passenstelsel dan Wijkenstelsel itu ternyata menciptakan konsentrasi kegiatan ekonomi orang Tionghoa di perkotaan. Ketika perekonomian dunia beralih ke sektor industri, orang-orang Tionghoa paling siap berusaha dengan spesialisasi usaha makanan-minuman, jamu, peralatan rumah tangga, bahan bangunan, pemintalan, batik, kretek dan transportasi. Tahun 1909 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909) di Buitenzorg (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buitenzorg) (Bogor) Sarekat Dagang Islamiyah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarekat_Dagang_Islamiyah) didirikan oleh RA Tirtoadisuryo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirtoadisuryo) mengikuti model Siang Hwee (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Siang_Hwee&action=edit&redlink=1) (kamar dagang orang Tionghoa) yang dibentuk tahun 1906 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906) di Batavia. Bahkan pembentukan Sarekat Islam (SI) di Surakarta tidak terlepas dari pengaruh asosiasi yang lebih dulu dibuat oleh warga Tionghoa. Pendiri SI, Haji Samanhudi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Samanhudi), pada mulanya adalah anggota Kong Sing, organisasi paguyuban tolong-menolong orang Tionghoa di Surakarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta). Samanhudi juga kemudian membentuk Rekso Rumekso yaitu Kong Sing-nya orang Jawa.

Pergerakan Pemerintah kolonial Belanda makin kuatir karena Sun Yat Sen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat_Sen) memproklamasikan Republik Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Cina), Januari 1912 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912). Organisasi Tionghoa yang pada mulanya berkecimpung dalam bidang sosial-budaya mulai mengarah kepada politik. Tujuannya menghapuskan perlakukan diskriminatif terhadap orang-orang Tionghoa di Hindia Belanda dalam bidang pendidikan, hukum/peradilan, status sipil, beban pajak, hambatan bergerak dan bertempat tinggal.

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan Politik Etis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Etis), pemerintah kolonial berusaha memajukan pendidikan, namun warga Tionghoa tidak diikutkan dalam program tersebut. Padahal orang Tionghoa membayar pajak ganda (pajak penghasilan dan pajak kekayaan). Pajak penghasilan diwajibkan kepada warga pribumi yang bukan petani. Pajak kekayaan (rumah, kuda, kereta, kendaraan bermotor dan peralatan rumah tangga) dikenakan hanya bagi Orang Eropa dan Timur Asing (termasuk orang etnis Tionghoa). Hambatan untuk bergerak dikenakan bagi warga Tionghoa dengan adanya passenstelsel (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passenstelsel&action=edit&redlink=1). Pada waktu terjadinya Sumpah Pemuda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumpah_Pemuda), ada beberapa nama dari kelompok Tionghoa sempat hadir, antara lain Kwee Tiam Hong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwee_Tiam_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1) dan tiga pemuda Tionghoa lainnya. Sin Po (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Po) sebagai koran Melayu Tionghoa juga sangat banyak memberikan sumbangan dalam menyebarkan informasi yang bersifat nasionalis. Pada 1920-an itu, harian Sin Po memelopori penggunaan kata Indonesia bumiputera (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputera) sebagai pengganti kata Belanda inlander di semua penerbitannya. Langkah ini kemudian diikuti oleh banyak harian lain. Sebagai balas budi, semua pers lokal kemudian mengganti kata “Tjina” dengan kata Tionghoa. Pada 1931 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931) Liem Koen Hian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian) mendirikan PTI, Partai Tionghoa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Tionghoa_Indonesia) (dan bukan Partai Tjina Indonesia).

Masa Revolusi dan Pra Kemerdekaan RI Pada masa revolusi tahun 1945-an, Mayor John Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lie) yang menyelundupkan barang-barang ke Singapura untuk kepentingan pembiayaan Republik. Rumah Djiaw Kie Siong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiaw_Kie_Siong) di Rengasdengklok, dekat Karawang, diambil-alih oleh Tentara Pembela Tanah Air (PETA), kemudian penghuninya dipindahkan agar Bung Karno (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bung_Karno) dan Bung Hatta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bung_Hatta) dapat beristirahat setelah “disingkirkan” dari Jakarta pada tanggal 16 Agustus (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Agustus) 1945 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945). Di Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Penyelidik_Usaha_Persiapan_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia) (BPUPKI) yang merumuskan UUD’45 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUD%2745) terdapat 4 orang Tionghoa yaitu; Liem Koen Hian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian), Tan Eng Hoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tan_Eng_Hoa&action=edit&redlink=1), Oey Tiang Tjoe (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oey_Tiang_Tjoe), Oey Tjong Hauw (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oey_Tjong_Hauw), dan di Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) terdapat 1 orang Tionghoa yaitu Drs.Yap Tjwan Bing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap_Tjwan_Bing). Liem Koen Hian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian) yang meninggal dalam status sebagai warganegara asing, sesungguhnya ikut merancang UUD 1945. Lagu Indonesia Raya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_Raya) yang diciptakan oleh W.R. Supratman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.R._Supratman), pun pertama kali dipublikasikan oleh Koran Sin Po (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Po). Dalam perjuangan fisik ada beberapa pejuang dari kalangan Tionghoa, namun nama mereka tidak banyak dicatat dan diberitakan. Salah seorang yang dikenali ialah Tony Wen (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Tony_Wen&action=edit&redlink=1), yaitu orang yang terlibat dalam penurunan bendera Belanda di Hotel Oranye (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Oranye) Surabaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya).

Pasca kemerdekaan

(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Mega-Hasyim-CH.jpg&filetimestamp=20100516081055) (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Mega-Hasyim-CH.jpg&filetimestamp=20100516081055) Selama beberapa dasawarsa, aksara Tionghoa atau Hanzi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzi) sempat dilarang atau “tidak dianjurkan penggunaannya” di Indonesia. Namun bahkan kandidat presiden dan wakil presiden Megawati dan Wahid Hasyim menggunakannya pada poster kampanye Pemilu Presiden 2004.

[sunting (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tionghoa-Indonesia&action=edit§ion=13)] Orde Lama Pada Orde Lama, terdapat beberapa menteri Republik Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Indonesia) dari keturunan Tionghoa seperti Oei Tjoe Tat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oei_Tjoe_Tat), Ong Eng Die (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_Eng_Die), Siauw Giok Tjhan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siauw_Giok_Tjhan), dll. Bahkan Oei Tjoe Tat pernah diangkat sebagai salah satu Tangan Kanan Ir. Soekarno pada masa Kabinet Dwikora (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_Dwikora). Pada masa ini hubungan Ir. Soekarno dengan beberapa tokoh dari kalangan Tionghoa dapat dikatakan sangat baik. Walau pada Orde Lama terdapat beberapa kebijakan politik yang diskriminatif seperti Peraturan Pemerintah No. 10 tahun 1959 yang melarang WNA Tionghoa untuk berdagang eceran di daerah di luar ibukota provinsi dan kabupaten. Hal ini menimbulkan dampak yang luas terhadap distribusi barang dan pada akhirnya menjadi salah satu sebab keterpurukan ekonomi menjelang tahun 1965 dan lainnya.

[sunting (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tionghoa-Indonesia&action=edit§ion=14)] Orde Baru Selama Orde Baru dilakukan penerapan ketentuan tentang Surat Bukti Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Bukti_Kewarganegaraan_Republik_Indonesia), atau yang lebih populer disebut SBKRI, yang utamanya ditujukan kepada warga negara Indonesia (WNI) etnis Tionghoa beserta keturunan-keturunannya. Walaupun ketentuan ini bersifat administratif, secara esensi penerapan SBKRI sama artinya dengan upaya yang menempatkan WNI Tionghoa pada posisi status hukum WNI yang “masih dipertanyakan”. Pada Orde Baru Warga keturunan Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa) juga dilarang berekspresi. Sejak tahun 1967, warga keturunan dianggap sebagai warga negara asing di Indonesia dan kedudukannya berada di bawah warga pribumi, yang secara tidak langsung juga menghapus hak-hak asasi mereka. Kesenian barongsai secara terbuka, perayaan hari raya Imlek, dan pemakaian Bahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin) dilarang, meski kemudian hal ini diperjuangkan oleh komunitas Tionghoa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa_Indonesia) terutama dari komunitas pengobatan Tionghoa tradisional karena pelarangan sama sekali akan berdampak pada resep obat yang mereka buat yang hanya bisa ditulis dengan bahasa Mandarin. Mereka pergi hingga ke Mahkamah Agung dan akhirnya Jaksa Agung Indonesia waktu itu memberi izin dengan catatan bahwa Tionghoa Indonesia berjanji tidak menghimpun kekuatan untuk memberontak dan menggulingkan pemerintahan Indonesia. Satu-satunya surat kabar berbahasa Mandarin yang diizinkan terbit adalah Harian Indonesia yang sebagian artikelnya ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia. Harian ini dikelola dan diawasi oleh militer Indonesia dalam hal ini adalah ABRI meski beberapa orang Tionghoa Indonesia bekerja juga di sana. Agama tradisional Tionghoa dilarang. Akibatnya agama Konghucu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konghucu) kehilangan pengakuan pemerintah. Pemerintah Orde Baru berdalih bahwa warga Tionghoa yang populasinya ketika itu mencapai kurang lebih 5 juta dari keseluruhan rakyat Indonesia dikhawatirkan akan menyebarkan pengaruh komunisme di Tanah Air. Padahal, kenyataan berkata bahwa kebanyakan dari mereka berprofesi sebagai pedagang, yang tentu bertolak belakang dengan apa yang diajarkan oleh komunisme, yang sangat mengharamkan perdagangan dilakukan[rujukan?]. Orang Tionghoa dijauhkan dari kehidupan politik praktis. Sebagian lagi memilih untuk menghindari dunia politik karena khawatir akan keselamatan dirinya. Pada masa akhir dari Orde Baru, terdapat peristiwa kerusuhan rasial yang merupakan peristiwa terkelam bagi masyarakat Indonesia terutama warga Tionghoa karena kerusuhan tersebut menyebabkan jatuhnya banyak korban bahkan banyak di antara mereka mengalami pelecehan seksual, penjarahan, kekerasan, dan lainnya.

Reformasi Reformasi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasi) yang digulirkan pada 1998 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998) telah banyak menyebabkan perubahan bagi kehidupan warga Tionghoa di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia). Walau belum 100% perubahan tersebut terjadi, namun hal ini sudah menunjukkan adanya tren perubahan pandangan pemerintah dan warga pribumi terhadap masyarakat Tionghoa. Bila pada masa Orde Baru aksara, budaya, ataupun atraksi Tionghoa dilarang dipertontonkan di depan publik, saat ini telah menjadi pemandangan umum hal tersebut dilakukan. Di Medan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan), Sumatera Utara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara), misalnya, adalah hal yang biasa ketika warga Tionghoa menggunakan bahasa Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkien) ataupun memajang aksara Tionghoa di toko atau rumahnya. Selain itu, pada Pemilu 2004 lalu, kandidat presiden dan wakil presiden Megawati (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati)–Wahid Hasyim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim) menggunakan aksara Tionghoa dalam selebaran kampanyenya untuk menarik minat warga Tionghoa.



Kerusuhan Rasial terhadap Warga Tionghoa di Indonesia



Kerusuhan-kerusuhan yang menimpa etnis Tionghoa antara lain pembunuhan massal di Jawa 1946-1948, peristiwa rasialis 10 Mei 1963 di Bandung, 5 Agustus 1973 di Jakarta, Malari 1974 di Jakarta, Kerusuhan Mei 1998 di beberapa kota besar seperti Jakarta, Medan, Bandung, Solo ,dll. serta berbagai kerusuhan rasial lainnya.[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)] Beberapa contoh kerusuhan rasial yang terjadi yaitu : Bandung, 10 Mei 1963 Kerusuhan anti suku peranakan Tionghoa terbesar di Jawa Barat. Awalnya, terjadi keributan di kampus Institut Teknologi Bandung antara mahasiswa pribumi dan non-pribumi. Keributan berubah menjadi kerusuhan yang menjalar ke mana-mana, bahkan ke kota-kota lain seperti Yogyakarta, Malang, Surabaya, dan Medan. Pekalongan, 31 Desember 1972 Terjadi keributan antara orang-orang Arab dan peranakan Tionghoa. Awalnya, perkelahian yang berujung terbunuhnya seorang pemuda Tionghoa. Keributan terjadi saat acara pemakaman. Palu, 27 Juni 1973 Sekelompok pemuda menghancurkan toko Tionghoa. Kerusuhan muncul karena pemilik toko itu memakai kertas yang bertuliskan huruf Arab sebagai pembungkus dagangan. Bandung, 5 Agustus 1973 Dimulai dari serempetan sebuah gerobak dengan mobil yang berbuntut perkelahian. Kebetulan penumpang mobil orang-orang Tionghoa. Akhirnya, kerusuhan meledak di mana-mana. Ujungpandang, April 1980 Suharti, seorang pembantu rumah-tangga meninggal mendadak. Kemudian beredar desas-desus: Ia mati karena dianiaya majikannya seorang Tionghoa. Kerusuhan rasial meledak. Ratusan rumah dan toko milik suku peranakan Tionghoa dirusak. Medan, 12 April 1980 Sekelompok mahasiswa USU bersepeda motor keliling kota, sambil memekikkan teriakan anti suku peranakan Tionghoa. Kerusuhan itu bermula dari perkelahian. Solo, 20 November 1980 Kerusuhan melanda kota Solo dan merembet ke kota-kota lain di Jawa Tengah. Bermula dari perkelahian pelajar Sekolah Guru Olahraga, antara Pipit Supriyadi dan Kicak, seorang pemuda suku peranakan TiongHoa. Perkelahian itu berubah menjadi perusakan dan pembakaran toko-toko milik orang-orang TiongHoa. Surabaya, September 1986 Pembantu rumah tangga dianiaya oleh majikannya suku peranakan TiongHoa. Kejadian itu memancing kemarahan masyarakat Surabaya. Mereka melempari mobil dan toko-toko milik orang-orang TiongHoa. Pekalongan, 24 November 1995 Yoe Sing Yung, pedagang kelontong, menyobek kitab suci Alquran. Akibat ulah penderita gangguan jiwa itu, masyarakat marah dan menghancurkan toko-toko milik orangorang Tiong Hoa. Bandung, 14 Januari 1996 Massa mengamuk seusai pertunjukan musik Iwan Fals. Mereka melempari toko-toko milik orang-orang TiongHoa. Pemicunya, mereka kecewa tak bisa masuk pertunjukan karena tak punya karcis. Rengasdengklok, 30 Januari 1997 Mula-mula ada seorang suku peranakan Tiong Hoa yang merasa terganggu suara beduk Subuh. Percekcokan terjadi. Masyarakat mengamuk, menghancurkan rumah dan toko TiongHoa. Ujungpandang, 15 September 1997 Benny Karre, seorang keturunan Tiong Hoa dan pengidap penyakit jiwa, membacok seorang anak pribumi, kerusuhan meledak, toko-toko TiongHoa dibakar dan dihancurkan. Februari 1998 Kraksaan, Donggala, Sumbawa, Flores, Jatiwangi, Losari, Gebang, Pamanukan, Lombok, Rantauprapat, Aeknabara: Januari – Anti Tionghua Kerusuhan Mei 1998 Salah satu contoh kerusuhan rasial yang paling dikenang masyarakat Tionghoa Indonesia yaitu Kerusuhan Mei 1998. Pada kerusuhan ini banyak toko-toko dan perusahaan-perusahaan dihancurkan oleh amuk massa — terutama milik warga Indonesia keturunan Tionghoa. Konsentrasi kerusuhan terbesar terjadi di Jakarta, Bandung, dan Solo. Terdapat ratusan wanita keturunan Tionghoa yang diperkosa dan mengalami pelecehan seksual dalam kerusuhan tersebut. Sebagian bahkan diperkosa beramai-ramai, dianiaya secara sadis, kemudian dibunuh. Dalam kerusuhan tersebut, banyak warga Indonesia keturunan Tionghoa yang terbunuh, terluka, mengalami pelecehan seksual, penderitaan fisik dan batin serta banyak warga keturunan Tionghoa yang meninggalkan Indonesia. Sampai bertahun-tahun berikutnya Pemerintah Indonesia belum mengambil tindakan apapun terhadap nama-nama besar yang dianggap provokator kerusuhan Mei 1998. Bahkan pemerintah mengeluarkan pernyataan berkontradiksi dengan fakta yang sebenarnya yang terjadi dengan mengatakan sama sekali tidak ada pemerkosaan massal terhadap wanita keturunan Tionghoa disebabkan tidak ada bukti-bukti konkret tentang pemerkosaan tersebut. Sebab dan alasan kerusuhan ini masih banyak diliputi ketidakjelasan dan kontroversi sampai hari ini. Namun demikian umumnya orang setuju bahwa peristiwa ini merupakan sebuah lembaran hitam sejarah Indonesia, sementara beberapa pihak, terutama pihak Tionghoa, berpendapat ini merupakan tindakan pembasmian orang-orang tersebut. 5-8 Mei 1998 Medan, Belawan, Pulobrayan, Lubuk-Pakam, Perbaungan, Tebing-Tinggi, Pematang-Siantar, Tanjungmorawa, Pantailabu, Galang, Pagarmerbau, Beringin, Batangkuis, Percut Sei Tuan: Ketidakpuasan politik yang berkembang jadi anti Tionghoa. Jakarta, 13-14 Mei 1998 Kemarahan massa akibat penembakan mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok politik tertentu jadi kerusuhan anti Cina. Peristiwa ini merupakan persitiwa anti Cina paling besar sepanjang sejarah Republik Indonesia. Sejumlah perempuan keturunan Tionghoa diperkosa. Solo, 14 Mei 1998 Ketidakpuasan politik yang kemudian digerakkan oleh kelompok politik tertentu menjadi kerusuhan anti Tionghua.

Peran Warga Tionghoa Bagi Republik Indonesia Peran Ekonomi



Peran Sosial Budaya dan Pendidikan Didirikannya sekolah-sekolah Tionghoa oleh organisasi Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK) sejak 1900, mendorong berkembangnya pers dan sastra Melayu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra_Melayu) Tionghoa. Maka dalam waktu 70 tahun telah dihasilkan sekitar 3000 buku, suatu prestasi yang luar biasa bila dibandingkan dengan sastra yang dihasilkan oleh angkatan pujangga baru (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Pujangga_baru&action=edit&redlink=1), angkatan 45, 66 dan pasca 66 yang tidak seproduktif itu. Dengan demikian komunitas ini telah berjasa dalam membentuk satu awal perkembangan bahasa Indonesia. Sumbangsih warga Tionghoa Indonesia juga terlihat dalam koran Sin Po (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Po), dimana koran Sin Po menjadi koran pertama yang menerbitkan teks lagu Indonesia Raya setelah disepakati pada Sumpah Pemuda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumpah_Pemuda) tahun 1928. Nama Sie Kok Liong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sie_Kok_Liong&action=edit&redlink=1) memang sangat jarang didengar oleh masyarakat Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia), namun Sie Kok Liong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sie_Kok_Liong&action=edit&redlink=1) merupakan seorang warga Tionghoa yang menyewakan rumahnya bagi para pemuda dalam menyelenggarakan Sumpah Pemuda. Hanya sedikit catatan mengenai Sie Kok Liong, seiring dengan tumbuhnya sekolah-sekolah pada awal abad ke-20 di Jakarta tumbuh pula pondokan-pondokan pelajar untuk menampung mereka yang tidak tertampung di asrama sekolah atau untuk mereka yang ingin hidup lebih bebas di luar asrama yang ketat. Salah satu di antara pondokan pelajar itu adalah Gedung Kramat 106 milik Sie Kok Liong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sie_Kok_Liong&action=edit&redlink=1). Di Gedung Kramat 106 inilah sejumlah pemuda pergerakan dan pelajar sering berkumpul. Gedung itu, selain menjadi tempat tinggal dan sering digunakan sebagai tempat latihan kesenian Langen Siswo juga sering dipakai untuk tempat diskusi tentang politik para pemuda dan pelajar. Terlebih lagi setelah Perhimpunan Pelajar Pelajar Indonesia (PPPI) didirikan pada September 1926. Selain dijadikan kantor PPPI dan kantor redaksi majalah Indonesia Raya yang diterbitkan oleh PPPI, berbagai organisasi pemuda sering menggunakan gedung ini sebagai tempat kongres. Bahkan pada 1928 Gedung Kramat 106 jadi salah satu tempat penyelenggaraan Kongres Pemuda II tanggal 27 – 28 Oktober 1928. Universitas Trisakti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Trisakti) yang kini menjadi salah satu universitas terkenal di Indonesia juga merupakan salah satu sumbangsih warga Tionghoa di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1958, universitas ini didirikan oleh para petinggi Baperki (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baperki) yang kebanyakan keturunan Tionghoa salah satunya yaitu Siauw Giok Tjhan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siauw_Giok_Tjhan), pada tahun 1962 oleh Presiden Soekarno (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno) nama universitas ini diganti menjadi Universitas Res Publika hingga 1965, dan sejak Orde Baru, universitas ini beralih nama menjadi Universitas Trisakti hingga sekarang. Di Medan dikenal kedermawanan Tjong A Fie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjong_A_Fie), rasa hormatnya terhadap Sultan Deli (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Deli) Makmun Al Rasyid (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makmun_Al_Rasyid&action=edit&redlink=1) diwujudkannya pengusaha Tionghoa ini dengan menyumbang sepertiga dari pembangunan Mesjid Raya Medan (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesjid_Raya_Medan&action=edit&redlink=1). Rumah peninggalan Tjong A Fie sampai sekarang masih ada di kota Medan walaupun bangunannya terlihat tidak terurus lagi. Di Bagansiapiapi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagansiapiapi) terdapat festival atau upacara bakar tongkang sebagai ucapan rasa syukur masyarakat Tionghoa Bagansiapapi atas perlindungan Dewa Ki Ong Ya. Upacara bakar tongkang sangat diandalkan pemerintah daerah setempat sebagai daya tarik wisata daerah dimana setiap tahunnya menyedot puluhan ribu kunjungan wisatawan baik dalam maupun luar negeri. Saat ini di Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Mini_Indonesia_Indah) sedang dibangun taman budaya Tionghoa Indonesia yang diprakarsai oleh PSMTI (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMTI). Pembangunan taman ini direncanakan akan selesai sebelum tahun 2012 dengan biaya kurang lebih 50 milyar rupiah.[rujukan? (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber)]



(http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wiki_letter_w.svg&filetimestamp=20060824093439)



Catatan kaki dan referensi

1. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-sensus-2000_0-0) Definisi “etnis” yang dipakai BPS (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPS) didasarkan atas pengakuan orang yang disensus. Atas dasar ini, jumlah ini dapat dianggap sebagai batas bawah (“lowerbound”) karena banyak warga Tionghoa yang enggan mengaku sebagai “Tionghoa” dalam sensus. Menurut Perpustakaan Universitas Ohio [1] (http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/shao/databases_popdis.htm), jumlah suku Tionghoa di Indonesia mencapai 7.310.000 jiwa. Jumlah ini merupakan yang terbesar di luar Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina). 2. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-1) (Tionghoa)“2006 (Perkiraan Statistik Jumlah Penduduk Tionghoa-Indonesia Tahun 2006)” (http://www.ocac.gov.tw/download. tag=P&file=DownFile/File_9894.pdf&no=9894) (PDF). Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Cina) (Taiwan). http://www.ocac.gov.tw/download.asp? tag=P&file=DownFile/File_9894.pdf&no=9894 (http://www.ocac.gov.tw/download.asp?tag=P&file=DownFile/File_9894.pdf&no=9894). Diakses pada 10 Mei 2010. “1.382006 767 3.4” 3. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-2) Lihat pula Penggunaan istilah Cina, China dan Tiongkok#Di Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penggunaan_istilah_Cina,_China_dan_Tiongkok#Di_Indonesia) 4. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-3) Trisnanto, AM Adhy (Minggu, 18 Februari (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_Februari) 2007 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007)), “Etnis Tionghoa Juga Bangsa Indonesia” (http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0702/18/nas04.htm), Suara Merdeka, http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0702/18/nas04.htm (http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0702/18/nas04.htm), 5. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-4) Vasanty, Puspa (2004). Prof. Dr. Koentjaraningrat. ed. “Kebudayaan Orang Tionghoa Di Indonesia”, Manusia Dan Kebudayaan Di Indonesia. Penerbit Djambatan. hlm. hal. 359. ISBN 979-428-510-2 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9794285102). 6. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-5) Skinner, G.W. (1963 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963)). R.T. McVey. ed. “The Chinese Minority”, Indonesia. New Haven, HRAF. hlm. hal. 99. 7. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-Kusno_6-0) Kusno, Malikul (Sabtu, 9 Desember (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_Desember) 2006 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006)), “UU Kewarganegaraan dan Etnis Tionghoa” (http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0612/09/opi01.html), Harian Umum Sinar Harapan, http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0612/09/opi01.html (http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0612/09/opi01.html), 8. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-7) Rustopo 2008. Jawa Sejati. Otobiografi Go Tik Swan. Penerbit Ombak Yogyakarta 9. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-8) Arismunandar A 2007. Kerajaan Majapahit abad XIV dan XV. Artikel pada laman Majapahit Kingdom (http://www.majapahitkingdom.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=7) 10. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-9) Ada yang berpendapat kelenteng ini dibangun oleh orang dari Tuban (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuban), suatu pelabuhan penting di pantai utara Jawa Timur pada masa lalu.[2] (http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg36771.html) 11. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-10) Zulkifli AA. Laksamana Cheng Ho pernah singgah di Surabaya[3] (http://permai1.tripod.com/chengho.html) 12. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-tionghoa-dalam-pusaran-politik_11-0) Setiono, Benny G. “Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik” (http://books.google.com/books? id=CH0p3zHladEC&lpg=PA163&dq=Lie%20Hok%20Thay&hl=id&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q=&f=false), hal. 167, Transmedia 13. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-12) http://home.iae.nl/users/arcengel/NedIndie/chinezenengels.htm (http://home.iae.nl/users/arcengel/NedIndie/chinezenengels.htm) 14. ^ (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa-Indonesia#cite_ref-13) http://www.obor.co.id/DetailBuku.asp?Bk_ISBN=979-461-556-0 (http://www.obor.co.id/DetailBuku.asp?Bk_ISBN=979-461-556-0)

INFORMASI KEDUA: ETNIS TIONGHOA ERA ORDE BARU Selama tiga puluh dua tahun pemerintahan soeharto, WNI keturunan Tionghoa diisolasi dari kegiatan politik. Penangkapan, penyiksaan dan pembunuhan massal terhadap orang-orang yang berindikasi G30S/PKI termasuk tokoh,anggota dan simpatisan Baperki dan organisasi-organisasi Tionghoa lainnya, telah menimbulkan trauma yang berkepanjangan di kalangan masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa. Baperki dijadikan stigma untuk menakut-nakuti WNI keturunan Tionghoa agar menjauhi wilayah politik. Setelah menghancurkan harga diri etnis Tionghoa dengan mengganti sebutan Tionghoa menjadi Tionghoa , melarang perayaan agama, kepercayaan dan adat istiadat Tiongkok secara terbuka, melarang penggunaan bahasa dan cetakan dalam bahasa Tiongkok dan anjuran agar mengganti nama yang berbau Tionghoa, WNI keturunan Tionghoa hanya diberi ruang untuk melakukan bisnis semata. Sekalipun WNI keturunan Tionghoa diakui hak hidupnya oleh pemerintah ORBA dan istilahnya diperlunak menjadi ‘Non-Pri’ dan memperoleh kembali kebebasan bergerak di sektor ekonomi, disektor-sektor lainnya kesempatan itu kecil sekali. Dalam karier di ABRI maupun menjadi Pegawai Negeri kesempatan itu kecil apalagi memang dari kalangan keturunan sendiri dorongan untuk memasukinya juga kecil. Sempitnya kesempatan itu juga terjadi pada Sekolah Negeri dan Perguruan Tinggi Negeri dimana porsi untuk non-pri dibatasi. Dalam hal Perguruan Tinggi Negri, saya pun mengalami sendiri, hanya sekitar 5-10 orang keturunan Tionghoa yang diijinkan masuk ke Perguruan Tinggi Negri untuk tiap jurusan, sehingga efeknya ialah semua keturunan Tionghoa yang masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negri terlihat sangat jauh lebih pandai dari mayoritas teman seangkatannya yang non-Tionghoa. Kalaupun ada segelintir WNI keturunan Tionghoa yang terjun dalam politik praktis, mereka hanya dijadikan bendahara atau mesin penghasil uang saja. Memang ada beberapa orang etnis Tionghoa yang aktif terjun dalam aksi-aksi melengserkan Presiden Soekarno seperti dua bersaudara Liem Bian Kie dan Liem Bian Koen, Harry Tjan dan Soe Hok Gie. Namun dalam perkembangannya Soe Hok Gie yang merasa kecewa kepada pemerintahan otoriter Jenderal Soeharto malahan menjadi oposisi dan meninggal dalam usia muda karena kecelakaan, menghirup gas beracun di gunung Semeru. Sementara itu kedua saudara Liem dan Harry Tjan ikut mendirikan CSIS yang pada dekade pertama dan kedua pemerintahan Orde Baru, di masa jayanya Jenderal Ali Moertopo dan Jenderal Soedjono Hoemardani, memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kebijaksanaan pemerintahan Orde Baru. Liem Bian Koen sendiri akhirnya beralih profesi menjadi pengusaha (konglomerat) dan menjadi juru bicara pengusaha-pengusaha yang tergabung dalam Yayasan Prasetya Mulia. Sebaliknya beberapa tahun sebelum lengsernya Presiden Soeharto, secara mengejutkan Drs.Kwik Kian Gie meninggalkan Yayasan Prasetya Mulia dan menggabungkan diri dengan PDI, selanjutnya dalam konflik internal partai, ia berpihak kepada Megawati Soekarnoputeri yang mendapatkan tekanan keras dari rejim yang berkuasa. Sering terdengar, dalam konotasi kurang positif, bahwa peran keturunan Tionghoa di Indonesia adalah terutama di bidang ekonomi. Bahkan, ada anggapan memvonis bahwa kegiatan ekonomi nasional Indonesia dikuasai kaum keturunan Tionghoa. Memang, ada beberapa perusahaan manufaktur, seperti rokok (Gudang Garam, Jarum, Sampoerna) dan jamu (Jago), dikelola secara berhasil oleh para pengusaha keturunan Tionghoa. Demikian pula jaringan distribusi produk, banyak (tidak semua!) digarap para grosir sampai pengecer keturunan Tionghoa. Namun, dibandingkan dengan potensi perusahaan-perusahaan non-Tionghoa seperti para BUMN, jelas perusahaan keturunan Cina tidak unggul. Yang pasti, industri minyak bukan monopoli usahawan Tionghoa, melainkan Humpuss, Arifin Panigoro, dan lainnya. Demikian pula jaringan distribusi BBM tidak berada di cengkeraman keturunan Tionghoa. Industri jurnalistik, baik media cetak maupun eletronik, juga tidak dikuasai keturunan Tionghoa . Perusahaan kosmetik Indonesia terbesar juga bukan milik orang Tionghoa. Sayang, fakta peta potensi ekonomi Indonesia itu sering diabaikan, agar leluasa menggelitik rasa kecemburuan sosial secara generalisasi, pukul-rata terhadap warga keturunan Tionghoa, demi membenarkan rasa dan perilaku membenci warga keturunan Tionghoa. Padahal, peran keturunan Tionghoa di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan hanya mendominasi apalagi memonopoli potensi ekonomi nasional Indonesia. Mungkin hanya Liem Sioe Liong bisa memonopoli distribusi tepung terigu, atas dukungan dari Soeharto, namun itu di masa lalu, sudah lampau. Memang, karena kurang memiliki kesempatan dan akses, warga Indonesia keturunan Tionghoa kurang berperan di bidang militer. Namun, konon, tokoh seperti Tong Djoe telah tidak sedikit berjasa bagi TNI di masa perjuangan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia. Di dalam BPPKI tahun 1945 yang bertugas menyiapkan naskah proklamasi, terdapat 3 orang wakil dari golongan Asia Timur (keturunan Tionghoa). Terkenal peristiwa pemberontakan terhadap Jepang dan pembantaian massal etnis Melayu dan Tionghoa di Pontianak waktu PD II (Peristiwa Mandor) Pada 8 Oktober 1740 orang-orang keturunan Tionghoa berontak melawan Belanda di kota Batavia. Perlawanan itu menjadi alasan bagi tentara dan pegawai-pegawai VOC untuk melakukan tindakan sewenangwenang terhadap etnis Cina. Jam malam pun diberlakukan di Batavia. Pada tanggal 10 Oktober 1740, gubernur jenderal Adrian Volckanier mengeluarkan surat perintah: bunuh dan bantai orang-orang Tionghoa. Suasana kota sangat kalut. Para prajurit VOC, bahkan kelasi-kelasi yang kapalnya bersandar di Bandar Sunda Kalapa, diminta untuk melakukan pembantaian. Mereka merampok, membakar dan menjarah tokotoko, serta tanpa mengenal malu memperkosa wanita-wanita Tionghoa Begitu biadabnya pembantaian itu, hingga para pasien termasuk bayi-bayi yang berada di RS Cina (kira-kira di depan Stasion KA Beos), juga dibunuh. Orang-orang Tionghoa di penjara bawah tanah di Balaikota (stadhuis) yang berjumlah 500 orang, semuanya juga dibunuh. Selain itu, banyak juga muslim keturunan Tionghoa berperan penting dalam pengembangan agama Islam di Indonesia, situs-situs bersejarah membuktikan kebenaran pandangan tersebut. Jangan lupa, betapa besar peran para olahragawan yang kebetulan keturunan Tionghoa, Seperti Tan Yoe Hok (pertama menjuarai All England, dan ikut pertama kali merebut Piala Thomas), Rudy Hartono (delapan kali juara All England), serta Susi Susanti dan Alan Budikusuma yang hampir bersamaan merebut medali emas pertama dan kedua Olimpiade bagi Indonesia. Juga Liem Swie King, Hendrawan, dan lainlain berjasa ikut menjunjung tinggi pamor dan mengharumkan nama Indonesia. Di dunia politik Indonesia ada para tokoh kritis seperti Kwik Kian Gie dan Arief Budiman. Di dunia teater dan sinematografi Indonesia, keturunan Cina seperti Teguh Karya (almarhum) memegang peran utama. Dan jangan lupa masa keemasan kesebelasan nasional Indonesia di arena internasional, ketika mereka yang keturunan Cina seperti Liong Hauw dan Kiat Sek masih ikut berperan. Yap Thiam Hien sepanjang masa lestari dikenang sebagai teladan penegak hukum sejati. Dalam tragedi Trisakti sebetulnya ada Hendriadi, seorang mahasiswa Muslim keturunan etnis tionghoa yang tertembak mati oleh penembak TNI, tetapi media masa tak pernah menyebutkan sebagai warga keturunan tionghoa

2informasi nomor dua

Tionghoa

Tionghoa (dialek Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkien) dari kata [] , yang berarti Bangsa Tengah; dalam Bahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin) ejaan Pinyin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin), kata ini dibaca “zhonghua”) merupakan sebutan lain untuk orang-orang dari suku atau ras Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok) di Indonesia. Kata ini dalam bahasa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia) sering dipakai untuk menggantikan kata “Cina” yang kini memiliki konotasi negatif karena sering digunakan dalam nada merendahkan. Kata ini juga dapat merujuk kepada orang-orang keturunan Cina yang tinggal di luar Republik Rakyat Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina), Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia), Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia), Singapura (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura), Hong Kong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong), dan Taiwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan). Wacana Tionghoa (zhonghua atau cung hwa) setidaknya sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1880, yaitu adanya keinginan dari orang-orang di Tiongkok untuk terbebas dari kekuasaan dinasti dan membentuk suatu negara yang lebih demokratis dan kuat. Kata ini pertama kali diperkenalkan secara luas oleh Dr. Sun Yat-sen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen), yang merupakan Bapak Revolusi Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_Cina&action=edit&redlink=1) dengan mendirikan Republik Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Cina) (, Zhonghua Minguo) pada tahun 1911 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911), setelah menggulingkan Dinasti Qing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Qing). Kemenangan Revolusi Cina ini memberi inspirasi terhadap perjuangan dan kebangkitan nasional (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebangkitan_nasional) di Indonesia. Mao Zedong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong) juga meneruskan penggunaan kata Zhonghua untuk negara Republik Rakyat Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina) (, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo) yang diproklamasikan pada tahun 1949 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949). Pembicaraan mengenai Tionghoa di Indonesia biasanya meliputi percaturan orang-orang Tionghoa dalam politik, sosial dan budaya di Indonesia. Kebudayaan Tionghoa merupakan salah satu pembentuk dan bagian integral yang tak terpisahkan dari kebudayaan nasional Indonesia sekarang ini. Kebudayaan Tionghoa di Indonesia walau berakar dari budaya leluhur, namun telah sangat bersifat lokal dan mengalami proses asimilasi dengan kebudayaan lokal lainnya. Akibat tekanan rezim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezim) Orde Baru (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru), banyak dari antara orang Tionghoa telah menanggalkan nama aslinya dan menggunakan nama-nama lokal, meskipun secara diam-diam masih memakainya untuk kegiatan di kalangan mereka. Namun seiring dengan terjadinya Reformasi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasi), tanpa rasa takut mereka kembali menggunakan nama Tionghoa mereka, meskipun masih banyak yang enggan memakainya kembali. Selain itu Tionghoa dapat mengacu kepada beberapa hal berikut: Tionghoa Suku Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tionghoa) Bahasa Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa) Budaya Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Tionghoa)

Tokoh dan organisasi Suku Tionghoa-Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tionghoa-Indonesia) Daftar tokoh Indonesia keturunan Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Indonesia_keturunan_Tionghoa) Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_Hoa_Hwee_Koan) Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhimpunan_Indonesia_Tionghoa) Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguyuban_Sosial_Marga_Tionghoa_Indonesia) Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Islam_Tionghoa_Indonesia) Partai Tionghoa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Tionghoa_Indonesia)

Bahasa dan sastra Aksara Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Tionghoa) Peribahasa Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peribahasa_Tionghoa) Sastra Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra_Tionghoa) Sejarah Sastra Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Sastra_Tionghoa) Sastra Jawa-Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra_Jawa-Tionghoa) Bahasa Tionghoa tertulis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa_tertulis) Bahasa Tionghoa lisan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa_lisan) Daftar kata serapan dari bahasa Tionghoa dalam bahasa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kata_serapan_dari_bahasa_Tionghoa_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia) Subbahasa Bahasa Tionghoa: Bahasa Tionghoa Klasik (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa_Klasik) Bahasa Tionghoa Kuna (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa_Kuna) Bahasa Hokkien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkien) Bahasa Tiochiu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tiochiu) Bahasa Hakka (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka) Bahasa Kantonis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kantonis) Bahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin) Bahasa Taiwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Taiwan)

Budaya Nama Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_Tionghoa) Astrologi Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi_Tionghoa) Mitologi Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologi_Tionghoa) Kalender Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Tionghoa) Budaya teh Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_teh_Tionghoa) Masakan Tionghoa-Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Tionghoa-Indonesia) Pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengobatan_tradisional_Tionghoa) Kepercayaan tradisional Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepercayaan_tradisional_Tionghoa)



3.Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK, Zhong Hua Hui Guan) atau Rumah Perkumpulan Tionghoa adalah sebuah organisasi yang didirikan tanggal 17 Maret (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Maret) 1900 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900) oleh beberapa tokoh keturunan Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa) di Jakarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta) (waktu itu bernama Batavia). Tujuan utama para pendirinya adalah untuk mendorong orang Tionghoa yang bermukim di Indonesia (waktu itu bernama Hindia Belanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda)) untuk mengenal identitasnya. Mereka menginginkan masyarakat Tionghoa yang sudah bergenerasi hidup di Hindia Belanda mengenal kebudayaan Tionghoa sehingga mereka bisa bersatu sebagai satu kelompok masyarakat yang dihormati oleh penjajah Belanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda). Proses pengenalan kebudayaan atau pencarian identitas yang ditempuh oleh para pendiri Tiong Hoa Hwee Kwan adalah penyebarluasan ajaran Kong Hu Cu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Khonghucu), yaitu ajaran atau agama yang dijunjung oleh masyarakat Tionghoa baik di dalam maupun di luar Republik Rakyat Cina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina) pada waktu itu. Kegiatan utama THHK antara lain membangun dan membina sekolah berbahasa Mandarin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin). Yang paling terkenal adalah THHK Batavia (Bahoa) dan THHK Tegal (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegal) (Zehoa). Tahun 2006, masyarakat alumni THHK Tegal merayakan 100 tahun sekolah THHK yang ditutup oleh Pemerintah Soeharto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto) pada tahun 1966-67. Gedung bersejarah yang dipakai sewaktu pendirian Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan berlokasi di jalan Patekoan, Jakarta yang kini menjadi gedung SMUN 19. Pada tahun 1901 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901), Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan mendirikan sekolah Tionghoa yang disebut Tiong Hoa Hak Tong. Sekolah ini merupakan sekolah swasta modern pertama, bukan saja di Batavia, tapi juga di Hindia Belanda kala itu. Berdirinya sekolah ini merupakan reaksi masyarakat Tionghoa di Batavia terhadap pemerintah Belanda yang tidak pernah memberikan pendidikan kepada anakanak Tionghoa. Akibat perkembangan yang pesat dari sekolah THHK, pemerintah kolonial Belanda yang khawatir anak-anak akan ‘tersedot’ ke sekolah ini segera mendirikan Hollandsch Chineesche School (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCS) (HCS), yaitu sekolah berbahasa Belanda bagi anak Tionghoa. Pada perkembangan selanjutnya sekolah THHK Patekoan ini disingkat menjadi Pa Hua. Setelah terjadinya Gerakan 30 September (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_30_September) (G30S), Pa Hua termasuk dalam sekolah-sekolah berbahasa Tionghoa yang ditutup oleh pemerintah Orde Baru (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru) dan bangunannya diambil alih. Kala itu, ratusan sekolah Tionghoa diambil alih dengan adanya larangan pengajaran, penerbitan, dan brosur dengan aksara Tionghoa. Pa Hua sendiri kini menjadi SMUN 19. Untuk Ze Hoa (6°51’38.88²S, 109° 8’25.10²E), kompleks dibagi dua menjadi SMP Negeri IV dan Sekolah Menengah Olahraga Atas yang bisa menikmati satu lapangan tenis lantai beton, satu lapangan sepak bola dan dua lapangan bola basket ditambah beberapa lapangan bola voli serta satu gedung pertunjukan. Tiong Hoa Kwee Koan juga menjadi perintis pemakaian istilah “Tionghoa” yang mengacu kepada masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa. Sejarah pemakaian kata “Tionghoa” berawal di kalangan perkumpulan Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK) Batavia pada tahun 1900 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900). Pada saat itu istilah “Tjina” atau “Tjienna” yang dipakai sejak lama mulai dianggap merendahkan. Pada tahun 1928 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928) Gubernur-Jendral Hindia-Belanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernur-Jendral_Hindia-Belanda) secara formal mengakui penggunaan istilah “Tionghoa” dan “Tiongkok” untuk berbagai keperluan resmi. Penggunaan istilah “Tionghoa” ini hanya bertahan selama 38 tahun, karena di tahun 1966 ketika pemerintah Orde Baru kembali menggunakan istilah “Cina” hingga akhir pemerintahan Orde Baru.



4.Daftar tokoh Tionghoa-Indonesia Di bawah ini merupakan daftar tokoh-tokoh Indonesia terkenal keturunan Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa) (anggota suku Tionghoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tionghoa) atau berdarah Tionghoa). Apabila daftar ini disalahgunakan, dengan memasukkan nama yang tak sesuai, maka nama tersebut akan dihapus. Daftar diurutkan berdasarkan huruf pertama namanya (baik nama depan – Alan Budikusuma – maupun nama marga – Kho Ping Hoo).

Daftar isi 1 A (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#A) 2 B (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#B) 3 C (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#C) 4 D (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#D) 5 E (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#E) 6 F (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#F) 7 G (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#G) 8 H (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#H) 9 I (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#I) 10 J (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#J) 11 K (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#K) 12 L (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#L) 13 M (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#M) 14 N (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#N) 15 O (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#O) 16 P (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#P) 17 R (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#R) 18 S (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#S) 19 T (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#T) 20 U (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#U) 21 V (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#V) 22 W (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#W) 23 Y (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#Y) 24 Z (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#Z) 25 Referensi dan bacaan lebih lanjut (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#Referensi_dan_bacaan_lebih_lanjut) 26 Lihat pula (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Tionghoa-Indonesia#Lihat_pula)

A Abdul Hadi WM (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_WM), sastrawan asal Madura (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Madura) Abdurrahman Wahid (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid), tokoh Muslim Indonesia, pemimpin politik dan Presiden Indonesia ke-4 Abraham Alex Tanuseputra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Alex_Tanuseputra), pendeta, pendiri Gereja Bethani Indonesia Ade Chandra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ade_Chandra), pemain bulu tangkis Agnes Monica (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Monica), penyanyi dan pemain sinetron Agus Susanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agus_Susanto), pemain bulu tangkis Alan Budikusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Budikusuma), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas pertama Indonesia di Olimpiade 1992 Albert C. Sutanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_C._Sutanto), perenang Albert Widjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Widjaja), pakar manajemen strategik, dosen pasca sarjana Universitas Indonesia Albertus Susanto Njoto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Susanto_Njoto), mantan pebulu tangkis Indonesia, sekarang bermain untuk Hongkong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkong) Alena (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alena), penyanyi dan pemain sinetron Ali Sucipto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Sucipto), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2005 Alim Markus (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alim_Markus), pengusaha, pemilik Maspion Group (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maspion_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) Aline Tumbuan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aline_Tumbuan), model dan presenter Alvent Yulianto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvent_Yulianto), pemain bulu tangkis Alvin Adam (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Adam), pemain sinetron dan presenter Alvin Lie Ling Pao (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Lie_Ling_Pao), politikus Aminah Cendrakasih (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminah_Cendrakasih), aktris Amir Sidharta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Sidharta), kurator museum Amos Setyo Budiono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Setyo_Budiono), pelukis Andhika Pratama (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhika_Pratama), penyanyi Andika Putra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhika_Putra), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2005 Andrew Darwis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Darwis), pendiri forum online terbesar di Indonesia, Kaskus (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaskus) Andrie Wongso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrie_Wongso), motivator Angel Ibrahim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Ibrahim), pemain sinetron Anggodo Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anggodo_Wijaya&action=edit&redlink=1), pengusaha dan tersangka koruptor Angel Lelga (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Lelga), penyanyi Angelique Widjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelique_Widjaja), pemain tenis Anton Medan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Medan), ustad, tokoh Tionghoa Muslim Antonius B. Ariantho (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_B._Ariantho), pemain bulu tangkis Ardy B. Wiranata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardy_B._Wiranata), pemain bulu tangkis, Juara Indonesia Terbuka 6 kali Arief Budiman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arief_Budiman), aktivis politik, sosiolog, dan budayawan Artalyta Suryani (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artalyta_Suryani), pengusaha, terpidana kasus suap Jaksa Urip Tri Gunawan Aryono Miranat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryono_Miranat), pemain bulu tangkis Ateng Suripto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateng_Suripto), aktor, pelawak

B Baim Wong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baim_Wong), aktor Basuki Tjahaya Purnama (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basuki_Tjahaya_Purnama), Bupati Belitung Timur Bella Esperance Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella_Esperance_Lie), aktris Benny Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Wijaya), pemain tenis Bernadette N. Setiadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_N._Setiadi), psikolog, penulis, tokoh pendidikan, guru besar psikologi Unika Atmajaya Bernard Ricardo Widjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Ricardo), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Asia 2003 Bertrand Antolin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Antolin), aktor,model,presenter,penyanyi Bingky Irawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingky_Irawan), tokoh agama Konghucu Bob Hasan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hasan), pengusaha, mantan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Bubi Chen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubi_Chen), pemusik jazz Budhi Tanoto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budhi_Tanoto), pemain sepak bola

C Candra Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candra_Wijaya), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas Olimpiade 2000 Catherine Surya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Surya), perenang Cathy Sharon (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy_Sharon), aktris Chacha Frederica (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacha_Frederica), pemain sinetron Charles Saerang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Saerang), pengusaha Chelsea Olivia Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_Olivia_Wijaya), pemain sinetron Chris John (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_John), petinju Christian Hadinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hadinata), pemain dan pelatih bulu tangkis Christiandy Sanjaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiandy_Sanjaya), Wakil Gubernur Kalimantan Barat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat) 2008-2013 Christianto Wibisono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianto_Wibisono), pengamat sosial, politik, dan ekonomi Christine Susanna Tjhin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Susanna_Tjhin), peneliti sosial Chrisye (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrisye), penyanyi dan pencipta lagu Cindana Hartono Kusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindana_Hartono), pemain bulu tangkis Ciputra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciputra), pengusaha

D Daniel Mananta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Mananta), aktor Dali S. Naga (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dali_S._Naga), rektor Universitas Tarumanegara Darmadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmadi) (Wong Pek Sen), pemain bulu tangkis Darwis Triadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwis_Triadi), fotografer Daud Yordan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daud_Yordan), petinju David Nusa Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nusa_Wijaya), pengusaha Dede Oetomo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dede_Oetomo), pembela hak LGBT Deddy Mahendra Desta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deddy_Mahendra_Desta), presenter & artis Dedi Corbuzier (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedi_Corbuzier), pemain sulap, mentalis Delon Thamrin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delon_Thamrin), penyanyi Denny Kantono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denny_Kantono), pemain bulu tangkis Diana Wuisan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Wuisan), pemain tenis meja Didi Chia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didi_Chia), pemusik jazz Didik Nini Thowok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didik_Nini_Thowok), penari dan koreografer tari Dion Wiyoko (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion_Wiyoko), presenter Djiaw Kie Siong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiaw_Kie_Siong), pemilik rumah dalam peristiwa Rengasdengklok Dominique A. Diyose (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_A._Diyose), aktris, presenter, & model

E Edhi Handoko (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edhi_Handoko), GMI; pecatur Eddy Hartono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Hartono), pemain bulu tangkis Eddy Tansil (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Tansil), buronan Edric Tjandra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edric_Tjandra), presenter & komedian Edwin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin), sutradara film Eka Darmaputera (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eka_Darmaputera), teolog Protestan Eka Tjipta Widjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eka_Tjipta_Widjaja), pengusaha, pendiri Sinarmas Group Elbert Sie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbert_Sie), pemain tenis Ellen Angelina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Angelina), pemain bulu tangkis Endang Witarsa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endang_Witarsa) (Lim Sun Yu), pemain sepak bola Eng Hian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng_Hian), pemain bulu tangkis Ester Indahyani Jusuf (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_Indahyani_Jusuf), aktivis HAM Eva Devi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Devi), aktris Eva Riyanti Hutapea (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Riyanti_Hutapea), ekonom profesional

F Fandy Santoso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandy_Santoso), penyanyi Fanny Fadillah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanny_Fadillah), pelawak Felix C. Sutanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_C._Sutanto), perenang Felicia Tjandra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicia_Tjandra), perenang Femmy Permatasari (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmy_Permatasari), aktris Fendy Heryanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fendy_Heryanto), aktor & model Ferry Salim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Salim), aktor, model, dan presenter Ferry Sonneville (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville), pemain bulu tangkis Fifi Young (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifi_Young), aktris Firman Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firman_Lie), seniman grafis Flandy Limpele (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandy_Limpele), pemain bulu tangkis Franda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franda), presenter Franklin Darmadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Darmadi), sutradara Frans Hendra Winarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Hendra_Winarta), pengacara Fred Young (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Young), sutradara, produser, dan penulis skenario Frida Lidwina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Lidwina), presenter berita Fung Permadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fung_Permadi), pemain bulu tangkis

G Ganes TH. (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganes_TH.), komikus, pencipta tokoh “Si Buta dari Goa Hantu” George Junus Aditjondro (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Junus_Aditjondro), sosiolog George Rudy (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rudy), aktor Gisella Anastasia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisella_Anastasia), penyanyi & finalis Indonesian Idol (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Idol) 2008 Glenn Alinskie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Alinskie), pemain sinetron Go Ban Hong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_Ban_Hong), ahli ilmu tanah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah) terkemuka Indonesia Go Tik Swan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_Tik_Swan), pengusaha dan budayawan Gouw Giok Siong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouw_Giok_Siong), pakar hukum Grace Natalie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Natalie), presenter Greysia Polii (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greysia_Polii), pebulutangkis

H Hadibowo Susanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadibowo_Susanto), pemain bulu tangkis Halim Haryanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halim_Haryanto), pemain bulu tangkis Handi Irawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handi_Irawan), Konsultan Pemasaran Handojo Tjandrakusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handojo_Tjandrakusuma), dokter Handrawan Nadesul (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handrawan_Nadesul), penulis, pakar kesehatan Hans Jaladara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Jaladara), komikus, pencipta tokoh “Pandji Tengkorak” Harja syamsuria(Tjiam),Dr POLRI ,kepala Kesehatn POLRI ,Brigadir Jendral Etnis Tionghoa .(almarhum) Hariyanto Arbi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariyanto_Arbi), pemain bulu tangkis Harry Tjan Silalahi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Tjan_Silalahi), pengamat politik, peneliti, pendiri CSIS Hary Tanoesoedibjo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hary_Tanoesoedibjo), pengusaha, pendiri Bakti Investama Hastomo Arbi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastomo_Arbi), pemain bulu tangkis Helena Andrian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Andrian), penyanyi Hembing Wijayakusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hembing_Wijayakusuma), pakar obat tradisional Hendra Setiawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendra_Setiawan), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas Olimpiade 2008 Hendrawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrawan), pemain dan pelatih bulu tangkis Hendriawan Sie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendriawan_Sie), aktivis gerakan mahasiswa Henky Solaiman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henky_Solaiman), aktor dan sutradara film Hengky Gun (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengky_Gun), petinju Hermawan Kartajaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermawan_Kartajaya), pakar marketing, pendiri MarkPlus Hermawan Susanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermawan_Susanto), pemain bulu tangkis Herry Sugiarto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herry_Sugiarto), promotor tinju

I Ian Antono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Antono), pemusik dan pencipta lagu Imelda Fransisca (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imelda_Fransisca), model & Miss Indonesia 2005 Imron Rosadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imron_Rosadi), atlet angkat berat Indra Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Gunawan), pemain, pelatih, dan pengamat bulu tangkis Indra Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Wijaya), pemain bulu tangkis Indy Barends (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indy_Barends), presenter & penyiar radio Irene Kharisma Sukandar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Kharisma_Sukandar), pemain catur Irene Pratami Angriawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Pratami_Angriawan), penyanyi Irwan Ade Putra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwan_Ade_Putra), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2006 Irwan Chandra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwan_Chandra), pemain sinetron dan model Ita Martadinata Haryono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ita_Martadinata_Haryono), aktivis HAM Ivanna Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanna_Lie), pemain bulu tangkis

J J. Panglaykim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Panglaykim), pakar ekonomi Jakob Oetama (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Oetama), pendiri Harian Kompas (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompas) James Danandjaja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Danandjaja), antropolog Jaya Suprana (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaya_Suprana), pengusaha, pemilik Jamu Jago (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamu_Jago), pendiri MURI (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MURI), pianis, budayawan Jeffer Rosobin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffer_Rosobin), pemain bulu tangkis Jenny Chang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Chang), aktris Jill Gladys (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Gladys), aktris & model Jo An Djan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_An_Djan), sutradara Jo Novita (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Novita), pemain bulu tangkis Joe Sandy (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Sandy), pemain sulap John Juanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Juanda), pemain poker profesional John Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lie), pahlawan, perwira TNI Angkatan Laut Jonathan Pradana Mailoa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Pradana_Mailoa), peraih “The Absolute Winners” Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2006 Joseph Theodorus Suwatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Theodorus_Suwatan), uskup Manado Joshua Suherman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Suherman), penyanyi Joshua Wong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Wong), sutradara Juan Revi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Revi), pesepakbola Jubing Kristianto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubing_Kristianto), pemain gitar Julie Estelle (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Estelle), aktris June Beckx (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Beckx), balerina Junior Liem (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Liem), pemain sinetron Junus Jahja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junus_Jahja), tokoh Tionghoa Muslim, mantan anggota DPA Jusuf Wanandi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jusuf_Wanandi), politisi senior, mantan anggota MPR

K Kang Biauw Tjwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Biauw_Tjwan), pakar ilmu tanah, agronomis, dan agroforestri Kang Hong Kian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Hong_Kian), pakar Feng Shui Kawanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawanto), petinju Kelvin Anggara (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_Anggara), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Kimia Internasional 2008 Ken Kawan Soetanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kawan_Soetanto), pakar kesehatan, farmasi, & pendidikan, guru besar Universitas Waseda Kevin Winata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Winata), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2008 Kho Ping Hoo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_Ping_Hoo), penulis cerita silat Kho Wan Gie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_Wan_Gie), komikus Kim Jeffrey Kurniawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jeffrey_Kurniawan), pesepakbola Kris Biantoro (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Biantoro), aktor, penyanyi, & presenter Kristoforus Sindhunata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoforus_Sindhunata), pakar politik Kwee Hing Tjiat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwee_Hing_Tjiat), wartawan Kwee Tek Hoay (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwee_Tek_Hoay), sastrawan Melayu Tionghoa Kwee Thiam Tjing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwee_Thiam_Tjing), wartawan Kwik Ing Hoo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik_Ing_Hoo), komikus Kwik Kian Gie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik_Kian_Gie), ekonom, mantan Menteri Koordinator Ekonomi

L Lee Man Fong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Man_Fong), pelukis Lee Teng Hui (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Teng_Hui), pendidik Lenna Tan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenna_Tan), presenter Leony Vitria Hartanti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leony_Vitria_Hartanti), penyanyi, pemain sinetron Lidya Djaelawijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidya_Djaelawijaya), pemain bulu tangkis Li-yang Lee (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-yang_Lee), sastrawan Lie Eng Hok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Eng_Hok), perintis kemerdekaan Indonesia Lie Kiat Teng (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Kiat_Teng), mantan Menteri Kesehatan Lie Kuang Hwa (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lie_Kuang_Hwa&action=edit&redlink=1), guru Kuntaw (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntao) Lie Oen Hock (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Oen_Hock), pakar hukum Lie Poo Djian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Poo_Djian), pemain bulu tangkis Lie Soen Bok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Soen_Bok), sutradara dan produser Lie Tek Tjeng (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_Tek_Tjeng), sinolog, penulis, dan peneliti Liem Koen Hian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian), wartawan, anggota BPUPKI Liem Khing Hoo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Khing_Hoo), penulis dan wartawan Liem Siauw Bok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Siauw_Bok), pemain bola voli Liem Sioe Liong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Sioe_Liong), pengusaha, pendiri Salim Group Liem Soei Liong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Soei_Liong), aktivis HAM Liem Swie King (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Swie_King), pemain bulu tangkis Liem Seeng Tee (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Seeng_Tee), pengusaha rokok, pendiri HM Sampoerna Lidya Lau (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidya_Lau), penyanyi cilik, pemain sinetron Lilyana Natsir (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilyana_Natsir), pemain bulu tangkis Lin Che Wei (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Che_Wei), pakar ekonomi Lius Pongoh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lius_Pongoh), pemain bulu tangkis Lo Siauw Gok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_Siauw_Gok), guru kung fu Log Zhelebour (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_Zhelebour), produser musik Lukman Santoso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukman_Santoso), pemain sepak bola

M Magdalena (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena), presenter & aktris Magdalena Sutanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sutanto), perenang Marga T. (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga_Tjoa), novelis Marcel Chandrawinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Chandrawinata), aktor Marcella Zalianty (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcella_Zalianty), aktris Mari Elka Pangestu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Elka_Pangestu), ekonom, Menteri Perdagangan era SBY (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBY) Maria Agnes (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Agnes), aktris & model Maria Priscilla (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Priscilla), penyanyi Mariana Renata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Renata), aktris & model Mario Teguh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Teguh), motivator Martha Tilaar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Tilaar), pengusaha Masagung (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masagung) (Tjio Wie Tay), pengusaha Masnah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnah), penari Medy Loekito (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medy_Loekito), penyair Megah Idawati (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megah_Idawati), pemain bulu tangkis Melissa Karim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa_Karim); pembawa acara, penyanyi Merry Putrian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merry_Putrian), pemain sinetron Mey Chan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mey_Chan), penyanyi Mia Audina Tjiptawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Audina_Tjiptawan), pemain bulu tangkis Belanda asal Indonesia Michael Adrian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Adrian), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Asia 2005 Michael Bambang Hartono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bambang_Hartono), pengusaha, pemilik Djarum (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djarum) Michael Dharmawan Ruslim (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dharmawan_Ruslim), profesional, mantan Presiden Direktur Astra International (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_International) Minarti Timur (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minarti_Timur), pemain bulu tangkis Mischa Chandrawinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mischa_Chandrawinata), aktor Mochtar Riady (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mochtar_Riady), pengusaha, pendiri Grup Lippo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippo) Morgan Oey (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Oey), personil SM*SH Muljadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muljadi) (Ang Tjin Siang), pemain bulu tangkis Mulyadi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulyadi) (Fan Tek Fong), pemain dan pelatih sepak bola

N N. Riantiarno (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._Riantiarno), sastrawan, pendiri Teater Koma Nadine Chandrawinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_Chandrawinata), aktris & Putri Indonesia 2005 Nancy Suryaatmadja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Suryaatmadja), perenang Nardi Tjahjo Nirwanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardi_Tjahjo_Nirwanto), tokoh karate (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate) Indonesia aliran Kyokushinkai Natashia Nikita (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natashia_Nikita), penyanyi Nila Sari (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nila_Sari), pakar kuliner Njoo Cheong Seng (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njoo_Cheong_Seng), dramawan Njoo Han Siang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njoo_Han_Siang), perintis perbankan dan perfilman Indonesia Njoo Kim Bie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njoo_Kim_Bie), pemain bulu tangkis Nova Arianto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Arianto), pesepakbola yang bermain di Persib (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persib) saat ini Nyonya Meneer (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyonya_Meneer) (Lauw Ping Nio) , pengusaha jamu

O Oei Hong Djien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oei_Hong_Djien), kurator dan kolektor seni rupa Oei Tiong Ham (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oei_Tiong_Ham), pengusaha, konglomerat pertama di Indonesia Oei Tjoe Tat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oei_Tjoe_Tat), politikus, mantan Menteri Negara Oei Wie Gwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oei_Wie_Gwan), pengusaha rokok, pendiri Djarum Oen Boen Ing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oen_Boen_Ing), (K.R.M.T. Oen Boen Ing Darmohoesodo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmohoesodo)) dokter dan sosiawan Oen Yuk Siang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oen_Yuk_Siang), seniman keroncong Oey Tiang Tjoe (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oey_Tiang_Tjoe), anggota BPUPKI Oey Tjong Hauw (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oey_Tjong_Hauw), anggota BPUPKI Okan Kornelius (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okan_Kornelius), aktor Olga Lydia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Lydia), aktris Olivia Zalianty (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Zalianty), aktris Ong Eng Die (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_Eng_Die), ekonom, mantan Menteri Keuangan Ong Hok Ham (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_Hok_Ham), pakar sejarah Othniel Wong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othniel_Wong), sutradara

P P. K. Ojong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._K._Ojong) (Auwjong Peng Koen), pendiri Kompas & Gramedia Group Pandji Wisaksana (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandji_Wisaksana), pengusaha, pendiri Pioneer Pangus Ho (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangus_Ho), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2006 Peter Sie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sie), perancang busana Prajogo Pangestu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajogo_Pangestu), pengusaha, pendiri Barito Group Priguna Sidharta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priguna_Sidharta), psikiater, neurolog Purnawirman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purnawirman), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Asia 2005 Purwani Atun (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purwani_Atun), pemain sinetron Putera Sampoerna (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putera_Sampoerna), pengusaha rokok

R Raden Patah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Patah), Sultan Demak Rafael Landry Tanubrata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Landry_Tanubrata), personil SM*SH Reza Bukan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Bukan), aktor dan presenter Richard Sam Bera (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sam_Bera), atlet renang Richie Ricardo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Ricardo), penyanyi dan aktor film Rio Haryanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Haryanto), pebalap Robby Ko King Tjoen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robby_Ko_King_Tjoen), pakar speleologi Robert Budi Hartono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Budi_Hartono), pengusaha, pemilik Djarum (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djarum) Roger Danuarta (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Danuarta), pemain sinetron Ronald Susilo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Susilo), pemain bulu tangkis Rorencia Natassia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorencia_Natassia), pemain sinetron Ruben Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruben_Gunawan), pemain catur Ruben Onsu (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruben_Onsu), presenter, komedian, & penyiar radio Rudy Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Gunawan), pemain bulu tangkis Rudy Handoko Tanin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Handoko_Tanin), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2008 Rudy Hartono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Hartono), pemain bulu tangkis, Juara All England (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England) 8 kali Rudy Hadisuwarno (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Hadisuwarno), pengusaha salon Rudy Heryanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heryanto), pemain bulu tangkis Rusdi Rukmarata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusdi_Rukmarata), koreografer, tokoh Nichiren Shoshu

S Samuel Dharmawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Dharmawan), penyanyi Sandra Angelia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Angelia), Miss Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) 2008 Sandra Dewi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Dewi), model & aktris Sarwendah Kusumawardhani (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarwendah_Kusumawardhani), pemain bulu tangkis Setijadi Laksono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setijadi_Laksono), petinju Siauw Giok Tjhan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siauw_Giok_Tjhan), tokoh pers, tokoh Baperki (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baperki), anggota KNIP Siauw Tik Kwie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siauw_Tik_Kwie), pelukis Sidik W. Martowidjojo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidik_W._Martowidjojo), pelukis Silvester Tung Kiem San (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_Tung_Kiem_San), tokoh Katolik Indonesia Sim Kim Toh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim_Kim_Toh), komikus Simon Santoso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Santoso), pemain bulu tangkis Siripiya Sutanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siripiya_Sutanto), perenang Siti Hartati Murdaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti_Hartati_Murdaya), pengusaha, tokoh Buddhis So Beng Koen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Beng_Koen), pemimpin komunitas Tionghoa di Batavia Soe Hok Gie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soe_Hok_Gie), aktivis mahasiswa Soe Tjen Marching (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soe_Tjen_Marching), feminis Soetopo Jananto (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soetopo_Jananto&action=edit&redlink=1), pengusaha Soewandi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soewandi), mantan Menteri Kehakiman Sofjan Wanandi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofjan_Wanandi), politikus, pengusaha, pendiri Gemala Group Sofyan Tan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofyan_Tan), dokter, pendidik Soraya Larasati (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soraya_Larasati), pemain sinetron Stefano Chiesa Suryanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_Chiesa_Suryanto), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Matematika Internasional 2007 Stephanie Senna (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Senna), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Biologi Internasional 2007 Stephen Tong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tong), pendeta Protestan, pendiri Gereja Reformed Injili Indonesia Steven Kurniawan Tamadji (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Kurniawan_Tamadji), penyanyi anggota grup Warna (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna) Subur Rahardja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subur_Rahardja), pendiri Bangau Putih Suci Wulandari (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suci_Wulandari&action=edit&redlink=1), penyanyi Sukanto Tanoto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukanto_Tanoto) (Tan Kang Hoo), pengusaha, pendiri Radja Garuda Mas Group Sukyatno Nugroho (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukyatno_Nugroho) (Hoo Tjioe Kiat), pengusaha, pendiri Es Teler 77 (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_Teler_77) Sumedha Widyadharma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumedha_Widyadharma), pendeta Buddha Surya Lesmana (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya_Lesmana), pemain sepak bola Surya Wonowidjoyo (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya_Wonowidjoyo) (Tjoa Jien Hwie), pengusaha rokok, pendiri Gudang Garam Susan Bachtiar (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Bachtiar), aktris, model, presenter Susi Susanti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susi_Susanti), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas pertama Indonesia di Olimpiade 1992 Susy Tekunan (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susy_Tekunan&action=edit&redlink=1), TV Producer, Stringer Voice of America Susyana Tjan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susyana_Tjan), atlet wushu Suwandi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwandi_(petenis)), pemain tenis

T Tan Chin Hoat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Chin_Hoat) Tan Joe Hok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Joe_Hok), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas pertama Indonesia di All England dan Asian Games Tan Khoen Swie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Khoen_Swie), pemilik penerbitan Tan Khoen Swie (TKS) di Kediri (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kediri) yang membantu perluasan sastra Jawa modern prakemerdekaan Tan Kim Hong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kim_Hong), pakar ilmu kimia tanah Tan King Gwan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_King_Gwan), pemain bulu tangkis Tan Lioe Ie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Lioe_Ie), penyair Tan Liong Houw (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Liong_Houw), pemain sepak bola Tan Swie Ling (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Swie_Ling) Tan Tjeng Bok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Tjeng_Bok), aktor film Tan Tjoei Hock (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Tjoei_Hock), sutradara film Teguh Karya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teguh_Karya), sutradara film, pendiri Teater Popular Teguh Srimulat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teguh_Srimulat), pelawak, pendiri “Srimulat” The Boan An (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boan_An) (Jinarakkhita), bhikkhu Buddha Thee Kian Wie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thee_Kian_Wie), pakar ekonomi, penulis, dan peneliti senior Thio Him Tjiang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thio_Him_Tjiang), pemain sepak bola Thio Hok Seng (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thio_Hok_Seng), atlet angkat berat Thio Tjin Boen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thio_Tjin_Boen), wartawan, penulis cerpen Thomas Nawilis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nawilis), aktor dan sutradara film Tina Toon (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Toon), penyanyi Tio Tjay (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tio_Tjay), pelukis Tjan Tjoe Siem (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjan_Tjoe_Siem), pakar sastra Jawa Tjan Tjoe Som (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjan_Tjoe_Som), guru besar Sinologi UI Tjhin Nen Sin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjhin_Nen_Sin), dalang wayang gantung Tjia May On (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjia_May_On), guru besar Fisika ITB Tjia Piet Kay.pelatih sepakbola PSP Padang 1956-1957 Tjoa Tek Swat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjoa_Tek_Swat), pendeta Kristen Tjoa To Hing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjoa_To_Hing) (Rachman Halim), pengusaha rokok, pemilik Gudang Garam Tjong A Fie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjong_A_Fie), pengusaha di Medan,pemiliki kebon temabakau deli Tjun Tjun (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjun_Tjun), pemain bulu tangkis Tommy Winata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Winata), pengusaha, pendiri Artha Graha Group Tong Djoe (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_Djoe), pengusaha Tony Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Gunawan), pemain bulu tangkis, peraih medali emas Olimpiade 2000 Tracy Trinita (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Trinita), model dan pemain sinetron Tung Desem Waringin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tung_Desem_Waringin), motivator



Tan Gwan Hien (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/07/tan-gwan-hien.html)

(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SZ4ejxDBXbI/AAAAAAAAAq4/-5Ow2tI4bJo/s1600-h/Tan+Gwan+Hien.JPG) Tan Gwan Hien,Kesetiaan Seniman Peranakan. Kompas 27-1-2009

Tjhin Nen Sin (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2009/02/tjhin-nen-sin.html)

(http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SZ4YLXONLkI/AAAAAAAAAqY/Lrlko-1sSKs/s1600-h/Tjhin+Nen+Sin.JPG) Tjhin Nen Sin,Benteng Terakhir Wayang Gantung.Kps 1-12-2008

Thio Ging Hwie (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/thio-ging-hwie.html) Thio Ging Hwie,Peraih Medali Olimpiade Pertama untuk Indonesia 1952,Meraih Medali Perunggu cabang Angkat Besi di Olimpiade Helsinki Finlandia (Medali di Ajang Olimpiade,Tiardja Indrapradja-Jl MPR I,Cilandak Barat,Jakarta Surat Pembaca Kompas 22-8-2008)

Tung”Dahsyat”Desem Waringin (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tungdahsyatdesem-waringin.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsSz-94iSI/AAAAAAAAAXI/pSpqQI9oOsI/s1600-h/Tung+Desem+Waringin.JPG) Tung”Dahsyat”Desem Waringin=Motivator Terkemuka Indonesia Kompas 22-12-2007

Tong Djoe (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tong-djoe.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsSTSHiEZI/AAAAAAAAAXA/GoQUPNMdEVs/s1600-h/Tong+Djoe.JPG) Tong Djoe , Penyandang Bintang Jasa Pratama karena jasanya menerobos blokade Belanda untuk mensupplai kebutuhan para pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan tongkangnya. Kompas 30-8-98

Tjioe Tjie Siang (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tjioe-tjie-siang.html)

(http://bp2.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsR2WB81xI/AAAAAAAAAW4/Tgl6Tte1sB0/s1600-h/Tjioe+Tji+Siang.JPG) Tjioe Tjie Siang, Melestarikan Tradisi Melalui Kue Keranjang Kompas,21-1-04

Tjia May On (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tjia-may-on.html)

(http://bp1.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsRe9spJcI/AAAAAAAAAWw/jfxJX73fkao/s1600-h/Tjia+May+On,Prof.JPG) Prof Tjia May On ,Guru Besar Fisika ITB Kompas 31-3-2002

Tjeng Tjiam Hwie (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tjeng-tjiam-hwie.html)

(http://bp1.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsQbnVKu_I/AAAAAAAAAWg/50tdpqvL7vw/s1600-h/Tjeng+Tjiam+Hwie.JPG) Tjeng Tjiam Hwie dan Lukisan2 Tak Terpakai Kompas 9-8-2001

Timothy Soeharyo (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/timothy-soeharyo.html)

(http://bp3.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsP_5YXPqI/AAAAAAAAAWY/Mqg6j25kjDU/s1600-h/Timothy+Soeharyo.JPG) Timothy Soeharyo putra Bah Oentong =The Thin Moh, Timothy Soeharyo –Ir Suharto MS Akhiri Tindakan Membodohi Petani Kompas 11-10-1998

Thung Ju Lan (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/thung-ju-lan.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsPh94oTmI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/uTaH5_lkTPg/s1600-h/Thung+Ju+Lan.JPG) Thung Ju Lan dan Pembangunan Bangsa Kompas 17-12-05

Thio Tiong Gie (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/thio-tiong-gie.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsPGOSryYI/AAAAAAAAAWI/nJ9f8cEiVHM/s1600-h/Thio+Tiong+Gie.JPG) Thio Tiong Gie , Kegalauan Dalang Wayang Potehi Kompas 30-6-2001

The Houw Liong (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/houw-liong.html)

(http://bp1.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsOg6L5NjI/AAAAAAAAAWA/Izhcj3XWRQs/s1600-h/The+Houw+Liong.JPG) The Houw Liong, koordinator pembuat soal olimpiade fisika international 02. Meneliti Banjir Dengan Fisika Kompas 7-8-2002

Teguh Karya (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/teguh-karya.html)

(http://bp2.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsN_b9w21I/AAAAAAAAAV4/EdHALuH01_M/s1600-h/Teguh+Karya.JPG) Teguh Karya = Liem Tjoan Hok , Teguh Karya Hidup Untuk Orang Lain , Kompas 22-9-1998

Tan Sing Loen (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tan-sing-loen.html)

(http://bp1.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsNezXVUBI/AAAAAAAAAVw/z5hx1DVNC1k/s1600-h/Tan+Sing+Loen.JPG) Tang Sing Loen,Meneruskan Tradisi Sekolah Gratis Pengelola Sekolah Kuncup Melati Kompas 3-8-2007

Tan Liong Houw (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tan-liong-houw.html)

(http://bp1.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsM7qJOE2I/AAAAAAAAAVo/UcZxvaIt9cQ/s1600-h/Tan+Liong+Houw.JPG) Tan Liong Houw, Tan Liong Houw,Ikan Lele dan Dunia Bola Kompas 17-7-03

Tan Joe Hok (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tan-joe-hok.html)

(http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SZ4ZrQPRbEI/AAAAAAAAAqg/AcHCd_I_Zq8/s1600-h/Tan+Joe+Hok1.JPG)

(http://bp2.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsMhtKLHtI/AAAAAAAAAVg/RBq9RJ8xYcg/s1600-h/Tan+Joe+Hok.JPG) Tan Joe Hok,lahir Bandung 11 Agustus 1937 Tahun 1958 bersama Ferry Sonneville,Lie Po Djian,Nyo Kiem Bie,Eddie Yusuf,Olich Solichin,Tan King Gwan merebut Piala Thomas dan mempertahankan pada tahun berikutnya. Tahun 1959,Usia 22 thn namanya ditulis panjang lebar di majalah sports bergengsi Amerika,Sports Illustrated,berkaitan dengan prestasinya sebagai orang Indonesia Pertama yang menjuarai All England,Kanada dan AS Terbuka Tahun 1962,meraih medali emas pada Asian Games Tahun 1984,sebagai Pelatih Indonesia memimpin Team Thomas Cup Indonesia merebut Piala Thomas dari team bulutangkis RRC (Yakin Piala Thomas ke Indonesia,Suara Merdeka 12-5-2002) (Tan Joe Hok.Kompas 7-12-2008)

Tan De Seng (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tan-de-seng.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsMEUbaO9I/AAAAAAAAAVY/MUC41FWrAAY/s1600-h/Tan+De+Seng.JPG) Tan De Seng,putra Tan Tjing Hong-Ny Yo Wah Kie Tan Deseng ,Pewaris “Mustika” Sunda Kompas 27-2-2001

”T”Fuad (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/09/tfuad.html)

(http://bp3.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIsLaeoxjLI/AAAAAAAAAVQ/klaI-Kcci1w/s1600-h/T++Fuad.JPG) ”T”Fuad,dari Medan Menggapai Yahoo! Kompas,24 Juni 2008

Tan Soe Ie (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/tan-soe-ie.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIr4WjyOtkI/AAAAAAAAAVI/aAundfpk2GM/s1600-h/Tan+Soe+Ie,SJ+Rm.JPG) FX Tan Soe Ie,SJ Romo Tan dan Mesin “Kascing”nya Kompas 22-02-06

Teguh Santoso (http://purisa4.blogspot.com/2007/08/teguh-santoso.html)

(http://bp0.blogger.com/_d9dTkX79ek4/SIr361mRIII/AAAAAAAAAVA/oYo4-BRYWdI/s1600-h/Tegus+Santoso,Prof.JPG) Prof Dr dr Teguh Santoso SpPD,KKV,SpJP,FIHA,FACC,FESC “Profidentia Dei” bagi Teguh Santoso Kompas 22-10-06

U Utami Dewi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utami_Dewi), pemain bulu tangkis

V Verawaty Fajrin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verawaty_Fajrin), pemain bulu tangkis Veronica Felicia Kumala (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Felicia_Kumala) (Panda), penyiar radio & presenter Vincentius Sutikno Wisaksono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincentius_Sutikno_Wisaksono), uskup Vita Marissa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Marissa), pemain bulu tangkis Victor Asih (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Asih&action=edit&redlink=1), motivator dan penulis

W Widagdo Setiawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widagdo_Setiawan), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2002 dan 2003 William Soeryadjaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Soeryadjaya), pengusaha, Pendiri Astra International William Wongso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wongso), pakar kuliner Willy Dozan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Dozan), aktor film laga Wim Umboh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Umboh), sutradara film Wolly Sutinah (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolly_Sutinah) (Mak Wok), aktris Wongso Suseno (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wongso_Suseno), petinju Wynne Prakusya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynne_Prakusya), pemain tenis

Y Yansen Akun Effendy (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yansen_Akun_Effendy&action=edit&redlink=1), mantan bupati Sanggau Yap Hong Tjoen (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap_Hong_Tjoen), dokter Yap Thiam Hien (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap_Thiam_Hien), pengacara dan pejuang HAM Yap Tjwan Bing (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap_Tjwan_Bing), anggota BPUPKI dan PPKI Yap Yun Hap (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun_Hap), aktivis mahasiswa Yenny Rachman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenny_Rachman), aktris Yenny Wahid (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenny_Wahid), aktivis Islam dan politisi Indonesia Yohan Hadikusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohan_Hadikusuma), pebulu tangkis Yohanes Surya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohanes_Surya), pakar fisika dan penulis buku Yonky Karman (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonky_Karman), teolog, pengamat sosial Yoris Sebastian (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoris_Sebastian), pengusaha Yuanita Christiani (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanita_Christiani), aktris, presenter, bintang iklan Yudistira Virgus (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudistira_Virgus), peraih medali emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional 2004 Yuliani Santosa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuliani_Santosa), pemain bulu tangkis Yuni Kartika (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuni_Kartika), pemain bulu tangkis Yurike Prastika (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurike_Prastika), aktris

Z Zack Lee (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack_Lee), aktor Zaldy Armendaris (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaldy_Armendaris), komikus Zulkarnain Kurniawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulkarnain_Kurniawan), pendiri PB Suryanaga (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suryanaga&action=edit&redlink=1)

Referensi dan bacaan lebih lanjut Sam Setyautama, Suma Mihardja, Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia (http://books.google.com/books?id=lEGrOWWEvswC), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2008 (Inggris) Leo Suryadinata, Prominent Indonesian Chinese: biographical sketches (http://books.google.com/books?id=n3J00OFuTpEC), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995 (Inggris) Leo Suryadinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Suryadinata&action=edit&redlink=1), Ethnic Chinese in Contemporary Indonesia (http://books.google.com/books? id=UFNKQcvGNSAC), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008 Mely G. Tan (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mely_G._Tan&action=edit&redlink=1), Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia: kumpulan tulisan (http://books.google.com/books?id=8HP9K-GOds8C), Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008 Aimee Dawis (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aimee_Dawis&action=edit&redlink=1), Orang Indonesia Tionghoa Mencari Identitas (http://books.google.com/books?id=BbkkJ_wopH0C), PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Benny G. Setiono (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benny_G._Setiono&action=edit&redlink=1), Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik (http://books.google.com/books?id=CH0p3zHladEC), TransMedia

the end @ copyright Dr Iwan Suwandy 2011

Uncategorized

Maestro Bulutangkis Indonesia June 9, 2011June 9, 2011

iwansuwandy

Leave a comment

MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA DR IWAN S.





Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg) WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

The Driwan’s

Indonesian Sport Cybermuseum

showcase:

Maestro Bulutangkis Indonesia

1. Kata Pengantar 1.Dalam rangka nostalgia dan mengenang para maestro bulutangkis Indonesia, saya menampilkan beberfapa koleksi majalah,buku dan gambar lama dari para mmasetro tersebut. 2.Semoga informasi ini berguna bagi sejarah olah raga bulutangkis kiita dan memacu para generasi muda untuk dapat menyamai bahkan melebihi prestasi para maestro tersebut. Jakarta Juni 2011 Dr Iwan suwandy FRAME SATU: Ferry Sonneville Mantan pemain bulu tangkis Indonesia, organisatoris olahraga dan pengusaha. Lahir di Jakarta, 3 Januari 1931, dan meninggal di Jakarta, 20 November 2003. Menyelesaikan pendidikan: SD St. Yosef Jakarta (1942); HBS Nasau Boulevard, Jakarta (1951); Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool, Rotterdam (1963). la merupakan pemain pertama dan pemimpin regu bulu tangkis Indonesia dalam perebutan Piala Thomas tahun 1958 sampai dengan 1967. Pada perebutan Piala Thomas, Indonesia tampil sebagai juara. Prestasi lain yang dicatatnya antara lain juara Negeri Belanda (1955-1961), Jerman Barat (19591960), Kanada (1962) dan Amerika Serikat (1962).

Ferry Sonneville (kiri) salah satu anggota tim piala Thomas Indonesia yang memenangi lambang supremasi tertinggi bulutangkis

Sebagai mantan pemain bulu tangkis Indonesia, ia adalah salah seorang pemrakarsa berdirinya PBSI yang berkali-kali menjabat ketua IBF dan menjadi anggota Dewan AGF (Asin Games Federation). la juga dikenal sebagai pengusaha real estate. Di pemerintahan, ia sempat diperbantukan sebagai ahli ekonomi pada Gubernur Bank Indonesia (1965-1967); Ketua KONI Pusat dan Anggota Pengurus Asian Games Federation Council (1970); Ketua IBF (1972-1975); Direktur PT Ferry Sonneville & Co. (1968-sekarang). Kegiatan lain Ketua Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia di Belanda; Ketua Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta; Anggota Pengurus Real Estate Indonesia; Ketua Jiu Jitsu Indonesia; Ketua Umum PB-PBSI (19811985); Ketua Advisory Council IESC (International Executive Corps). Kaya tulis Better Badminton, Nederland, 1958; Bulu Tangkis Bermutu, Jakarta, 1959. Pada tahun 1961 ia menerima anugerah Satyalencana Kebudayaan dari pemerintah RI. Pengalaman sebagai pemain bulu tangkis mengilhami dirinya menulis buku Better Badminton (1958) dan Bulu Tangkis Bermutu (1959). DARI DUNIA BULUTANGKIS , KEJUARAN PBSI DJAKARTA RAYA. 1.Jakarta,13 Nopember 1962(Mingguan Djaja,no 43-17 nop 1962) DARI DUNIA BULUTANGKIS , KEJUARAN PBSI DJAKARTA RAYA. FRAME DUA Apr 08 2009 (https://iwansuwandy.wordpress.com/wp-admin/toggleSidebars();) (https://iwansuwandy.wordpress.com/wp-admin/togglePost(200);)

Yoe Hok Sapu Pemain² Dunia (http://rbaskoro.blog.binusian.org/2009/04/yoe-hoksapu-pemain%c2%b2-dunia/) Posted by rbaskoro (http://rbaskoro.blog.binusian.org/author/rbaskoro/) in brita djadoel (http://rbaskoro.blog.binusian.org/category/brita-djadoel/), tags: badminton (http://rbaskoro.blog.binusian.org/tag/badminton/) Semi-Finale Thomas Cup, Pantjawarna 9 Djuni 1958 Artikel ini bertjeritera tentang Tan Joe Hok, salah saorang pemain badminton jang mendjadi djoeara di All England 1958. Oentoek bisa membatja dengan satjoekoep djelasnja, silaken klik di djoedoel artikel ini, soepaja bisa ditampilken di monitor jij dengan lebi’ lebar..

FRAME TIGA .TAN YOE HOK MEMPERKUAT REGU BULU TANGKIT KITA( mingguan Djaja,n0.25.21 Juli 1962) Berita tentang tibanya Joe Hok di Tanah air ( dengan pesawat PANAM hari senin sore tanggal 16 Juli yl) sudah barang tentu disambut dengan gembira oleh para peminat olah raga kita pada umumnya dan para peminat bulutangkis khususnya. Semenjak pertandingan try out antara pemain-pemain TC melawan Kombinasi Thomas Cup dibulan Juni Yl ,dunia olahraga kita menanti-nantikan kembalinya,terutama setealh Ferry tiba disini pada tanggal 27 juni jl. Ketika belum juga ada berita bila Joe Hok akan tiba, mulailah sementara orang bertanya-tanya , apakah ia akan tiba pada waktu masih ada kesempatan untuk berlatih sehingga taraf permainannya yang biasa pulih menjelang Asian Games nati. Tibanya Joe Hok di tanah Air,sekaligus melenyapkan rasa gawat yang mencengkam sementara oreang dalam menanti-nantikan kembalinya dan menimbulkan rasa lega; walaupun kekalah-kekalahannya yang paling belakang dalam beberapa tornoi Internasional Joe Hok, sebagaimana beberapa kali telah kami kemukakan , tetap seorang pemain yang berkaliber besar,yang kedatangannya di tanah Air bersama Ferry berarti perkuatan tidak sedikit bagi regu bulutangkis kita.Keyakinan kami mengenai hal itu diperkuat pula oleh kata-kata Ferry, dalam suatu pertemuan yang kebetulah beberapa hari setelah Ferry tiba di tanah Air,bahwa yoe hok tiada dalam kondisi yang baik( tubuhnya kegemukan) ketika menghadapi lawannya dalam tornoi tsb dan bahwa dengan latihan serius dalam sedikit waktu ia akan memperoleh lagi vormnya yang lama. Kini berat badan Yoe hok kuarng lebih 78 kg ,berat badan ini akan dapat diturunkan setelah siutu masa latihan sehingga dengan demikian kelincahannya yang biasa pasti akan pulih. Kembalinya Joe Zhok di tanah Air tidak saja berarti suatu perkuatan fisik bagi regu kita,melainkan juga “moral boosting”(mempertinggi morfal) tidak sedikit bagi pemain kita,terutama yang muda-muda. Dengan Ferry dan Joe Hok dalam regu kita, yang kini sebagian besar terdiri atas pemain-pemain muda dengan harapan baik,dapatlah kita menantikan Asian games IV dengan penuh kepercayaan. FRAME TIGA .FERRY SONNEVILLE TERGELINCIR DIFINAL(mingguan Djaja no 6,3 maret 1962) Dilapangan bulutangkis kita kurang begitu beruntung diluar negeri pekan yang lampau. Moh.Djundi telah berhasil mencapai babak kedua Invstasi Skotlandia di Glasgow, akan tetapi dijatuhkan pemain Thomas Cup Muangthai ,Narong Boonchina, yang sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita. Playing captain regu Thomas Cup kita,Ferry Sonnevile berhasil menyisihkan lawan-lawan nya dan masuk final. Ia berhadapan dengan lasan lama Charoen Wattanasin,bekas pemain Thomas Cup Muangthai . Diluar dugaan Ferry telah jatuh terhadap lawan ini dalam straight set 15-3 dan 15-5.Sebelumnya dalam kejuaran Belanda sebelum bertoilak ke Glasgow Ferry telah mengalahkannyadalam long set 15-7,7-15 dan 15-3. Charoen telah masuk final setelah menyisihkan pemain thomascup Denmark Finn Kobero dengan 15-6 dan 15-4, Dengan demikian pemain muangthaui itu telah keluar sebagai Juara dan Ferry sebagai runner up. Dalam pada itu diberitakan , bahwa Tan Yoe Hok kini berada dalam perjalanan untuk turut serta dalam kejuaraan All England, yang befarti kejuaran dunia tak resmi.JUga Ferry dan Edy Yusuf akan turut serta dalam kejuaraan tersebut yang tahun ini kabarnya mencatat suatu jumlah rekor peserta dari 15 negara. FRAME EMPAT: MENGENANG MAESTRO BULUTANGKIS INDONESIA HADI MULYADI (Fan tek Hong) Kamis, 9 Juni 2011



Mantan pemain Timnas Indonesia Fan Tek Fong Alias Hadi Mulyadi







PSSI berkabung, Fan Tek Fong Terkena Jantung





Olahraga (http://lensaindonesia.com/rubrik.php?post_category=13) – – 31 January 2011 | 14:29











JAKARTA, Licom:Mantan pemain Timnas Indonesia Fan Tek Fong yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama Hadi Mulyadi (67), meninggal dunia pada Minggu (30/1) malam di Jakarta, karena serangan jantung.Almarhum adalah salah seorang pemain besar pada zamannya, sebagaimana teman-teman seangkatannya yang telah mendahuluinya pergi, seperti Soetjipto Soentoro, Abdul Kadir, dan Yakob Sihasale.”Kita kehilangan salah seorang bintang besar yang banyak berjasa pada persepakbolaan nasional,” kata Sekjen PSSI Nugraha Besoes dikutip dari situs resmi PSSI, Senin.Menurut Nugraha, Hadi Mulyadi adalah pemain besar yang sangat bersahaja, tidak sombong, mudah diajak bicara oleh orang yang usianya jauh di bawah dia sekalipun.Jenazah Fan Tek Fong masih disemayamkan di Ruang C RS Husada itu. Pihak keluarganya memastikan, almarhum akan dikremasi pada Rabu (2/2) sekitar pukul 10.00 WIB.Fan Tek Fong, lahir di Serang, Banten, 19 September 1943, adalah salah satu bintang timnas Indonesia era 1960-an dan 1970-an.Belajar sepak bola secara serius sejak usia 10 tahun di bawah bimbingan pelatih nasional legendaris (alm) Endang Witarsa, Tek Fong memulai karir fenomenalnya di klub UMS Petak Sinkian, sebelum kemudian bergabung dengan Persija Jakarta.Ia kemudian sempat bermain untuk Pardedex, Medan, walau kemudian kembali ke Jakarta memperkuat klub Warna Agung.Pada tahun 1960, Tek Fong diterima masuk Union Makes Strength (UMS) setelah Dokter Endang melihat ada kelebihan di kakinya. Hampir bersamaan dengannya, masuk pula Surya Lesmana, Reni Salaki, Kwee Tik Liong, dan Yudo Hadianto. Saat dokter Endang Witarsa dipercaya sebagai pelatih tim nasional, ia juga meminta Tek Fong untuk bergabung. Pretasinya di tim nasional semakin cemerlang. Tek Fong bersama dengan Soetjipto Soentoro, Abdul Kadir, Yacob Sihasale, Risdianto, Surya Lesmana, Reni Salaki, Yuswardi, serta Anwar Udjang berhasil membawa berbagai gelar juara ke Indonesia. Tek Fong memang tak tergeserkan selama delapan tahun di tim nasional. Ia tidak hanya membawa Persija Jakarta menjadi juara Perserikatan pada tahun 1963 tetapi juga ikut mempersembahkan empat gelar juara bagi tim nasional Indonesia, yaitu; King`s Cup 1968, Merdeka Games 1969, Anniversary Cup 1972, dan Pesta Sukan 1972.(Ant/Red)

Daftar pemain bulu tangkis tingkat dunia

Pemain yang sudah pensiun Ade Chandra (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ade_Chandra) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Alan Budikusuma (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Budikusuma) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Ardy B. Wiranata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardy_B._Wiranata), pemenang Indonesia Terbuka (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_Terbuka) 6 kali (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Christian Hadinata (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hadinata) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Din Qi Qing (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Din_Qi_Qing&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Eddy Choong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Eddy_Choong&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Eddy Hartono (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Hartono) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Elizabeth Latief (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Latief) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Erland Kops (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Erland_Kops&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Ferry Sonneville (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Foo Kok Keong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Foo_Kok_Keong&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Han Ai Ping (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Han_Ai_Ping&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Hariyanto Arbi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariyanto_Arbi) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Hastomo Arbi (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastomo_Arbi) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Hendrawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrawan) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Hermawan Susanto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermawan_Susanto) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Ib Fredericksen (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Ib_Fredericksen&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Icuk Sugiarto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icuk_Sugiarto) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Ivanna Lie (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanna_Lie) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Joko Suprianto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joko_Suprianto) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Lenne Koppens (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Lenne_Koppens&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Li Ling Wei (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Li_Ling_Wei&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Ana Rovita (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Ana_Rovita&action=edit&redlink=1) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Liem Swie King (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Swie_King) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Lius Pongoh (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lius_Pongoh) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Luan Jin (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luan_Jin&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Megah Idawati (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megah_Idawati) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Mia Audina (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Audina) (Belanda (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda)) Misbun Sidek (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Misbun_Sidek&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Morten Frost Hansen (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Morten_Frost_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Park Joo-bong (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Park_Joobong&action=edit&redlink=1) (Korea Selatan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Selatan)), pemain paling berjaya dalam BWF World Championships Prakash Padukone (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Padukone) (India (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India)) Pullela Gopichand (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullela_Gopichand) (India (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India)) Punch Gunalan (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Punch_Gunalan&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Rashid Sidek (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Rashid_Sidek&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Rexy Mainaky (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexy_Mainaky) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Ricky Subagja (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Subagja) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Rosiana Tendean (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiana_Tendean) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Rudy Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Gunawan) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Rudy Hartono Kurniawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Hartono_Kurniawan), pemenang All England (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England) 8 kali (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Sarwendah Kusumawardhani (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarwendah_Kusumawardhani) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Susi Susanti (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susi_Susanti) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Svend Pri (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svend_Pri&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Sze Yu (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sze_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1) (Australia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia)) Tan Aik Huang (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Tan_Aik_Huang&action=edit&redlink=1) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Tjun Tjun (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjun_Tjun) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Tony Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Gunawan) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Xiong Guo bao (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Xiong_Guo_bao&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Yang Yang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Yang) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Ye Zhaoying (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Ye_Zhaoying&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina)) Zhao Jian Hua (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Zhao_Jian_Hua&action=edit&redlink=1) (RRC (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina))

Pemain yang masih bermain (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) Adriyanti Firdasari (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriyanti_Firdasari) (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina) Bao Chunlai (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bao_Chunlai&action=edit&redlink=1) (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina) Cai Yun (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cai_Yun&action=edit&redlink=1) (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) Candra Wijaya (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candra_Wijaya) Chen Hong (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Hong) (Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok)) Eriko Hirose (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Eriko_Hirose&action=edit&redlink=1) (Jepang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang)) Flandy Limpele (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandy_Limpele) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Fu Haifeng (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fu_Haifeng&action=edit&redlink=1) (Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok)) Hendra Setiawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendra_Setiawan) (indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Lee Chong Wei (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Chong_Wei) (Malaysia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia)) Liliyana Natsir (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liliyana_Natsir) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Lin Dan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Dan) (Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok)) Maria Kristin (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kristin) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Markis Kido (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markis_Kido) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Nova Widianto (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Widianto) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Peter Hoeg Gade (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Peter_Hoeg_Gade&action=edit&redlink=1) (Denmark (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)) Pi Hongyan (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Pi_Hongyan&action=edit&redlink=1) (Perancis (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis)) Pia Zebadiah Bernadet (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pia_Zebadiah_Bernadet) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Saina Nehwal (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Saina_Nehwal&action=edit&redlink=1) (India (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India)) Simon Santoso (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Santoso) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Sony Dwi Kuncoro (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dwi_Kuncoro) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Taufik Hidayat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taufik_Hidayat) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Tony Gunawan (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Gunawan) (Amerika Serikat (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat)) Vita Marrisa (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Marrisa) (Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)) Xie Xingfang (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Xingfang) (Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok)) Zhu Lin (http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1) (Tiongkok (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok))

Ferry Sonneville From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#mw-head), search (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#p-search) Ferry Sonneville Personal information Birth name

Ferdinand Alexander Sonneville

Date of birth

January 3, 1931(1931-01-03)

Place of birth

Jakarta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta), DKI Jakarta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta)

Date of death

November 20, 2003(2003-11-20) (aged 72)

Place of death

Jakarta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta), DKI Jakarta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta)

Country

Indonesia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia)

Handedness

Right

Men’s singles Ferry Sonneville (3 January 1931 – 20 November 2003) was an Indonesian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) badminton (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton) player noted for his touch, consistency, tactical astuteness, and coolness under pressure. He won numerous international singles titles from the mid 1950s through the early 1960s and his clutch performances helped Indonesia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_national_badminton_team) to win its first three Thomas Cup (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cup) (men’s world team) titles consecutively in 1958 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Thomas_Cup), 1961 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Thomas_Cup), and 1964 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Thomas_Cup), setting the pattern for his country’s continued formidable presence in world badminton. Unfortunately, Sonneville’s playing career ended on a sour note in the 1967 Thomas Cup (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Thomas_Cup) final in Jakarta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta) when, past his prime, he was roundly booed by his countrymen after dropping singles matches in Indonesia’s controversial loss to Malaysia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_national_badminton_team).[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#cite_note-0) After his high-level playing days ended Sonneville was elected to terms as both president of the International Badminton Federation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Badminton_Federation) (now World Badminton Federation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Badminton_Federation)) and president of the Badminton Association of Indonesia (PBSI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBSI)).

Contents 1 Private life (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Private_life) 2 Education (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Education) 3 Sports career (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Sports_career) 4 Business career (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Business_career) 5 Educational career (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Educational_career) 6 Honours (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Honours) 7 References (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#References) 8 Sources (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#Sources) 9 External links (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#External_links)

Private life His wife’s name was Yvonne Theresia de Wit (they married September 1954) and had 3 children, called Ferdinand Rudy Jr. (died in age 21 years old), Genia Theresia Sonneville, and Cynthia Guedolyn Sonneville. Sonneville also had two grandchild. Sonneville’s parents name were Dirk Jan Sonneville (father) and Leonij Elisabeth Hubeek (mother). His religion was Catholic.

Education Erasmus University (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_University), Netherlands (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands)

Sports career Jiujitsu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiujitsu) Athlete and coach (1949–1955) Playing captain or coach when Indonesia won or successfully defended Thomas Cup (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cup) (world team badminton championships) 3 times in succession (1958 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Thomas_Cup), 1961 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Thomas_Cup), and 1964 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Thomas_Cup)). Winning Malaysia Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Open_(badminton)) (1955), Dutch Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Open_(badminton)) (1956, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962), Scotland’s World Invitational Tourney (1957), French Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Open_(badminton)) (1957, 1960), German Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Open_(badminton)) (1958, 1960, 1961), Canadian Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Open_(badminton)) (1962), U.S. Open (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Open_Badminton_Championships) (1962), along with runner-up finish at All England (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England) (1959) PB PBSI’s founder (1951) and KONI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KONI)‘s founder (1966) KONI’s President (1970) Member of staff Asian Games (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games) Federation Council (1970) Chef de Mission Indonesian contingen to Olympic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games) (1971) International Federation Badminton/IBF (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBF) President (1971–1974) PBSI (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBSI)‘s President (1981–1985)

Business career Vayatour Chairman Executive Board Lippo Cikarang inc. Ferry Sonneville & Co inc. owner Chairman of Realestat Indonesia Center Council (REI) 1986-1989 periods President and Member of Executive Committee Realestat Internasional Federation (FIABCI) since 1989. Advisory Council IESC Chairman (International Executive Service Corp)

Educational career Pioneer of Trisakti Foundation represent Lembaga Pembinaan Kesatuan Bangsa (LPKB) Founder of Himpunan Pembina Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (HIPPERTIS) Founder of Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Katholik Indoneisa (APTIK) Special Citizen and member of Atma Jaya Foundation Member of Fatmawati Foundation Member of Bhakti Medika Foundation Member of Penyandang Anak Cacat Foundation (YPAC) Member of Gedung Arsip Nasional Foundation Indonesian Nederland Forum (FINED), etc.

Honours Satya Lencana Kebudayaan (1961) Tanda Jasa Bintang RI Kelas II (1964) ”Knighthood” from Catholic Rome Church (1972) FIABCI Medal of Honour, Melbourne (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne) (1988).

References 1. ^ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Sonneville#cite_ref-0) Pat Davis, The Guinness Book of Badminton (Enfield, Middlesex, England: Guinness Superlatives Ltd., 1983) 123.

the end @ Copyright Dr Iwan suwandy 2011 Driwancybermuseum

The Mystery Of Indonesia Vienna Printing Stamps 1949(Part Three) June 9, 2011June 11, 2011

iwansuwandy

Leave a comment

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6210001.jpg) MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA DR IWAN S.

Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA



(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg)

WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

The Driwan’s

Indonesian Postal History Cybermuseum

(Museum Dunia Maya Koleksi Benda Pos bersejarah RI)

Private Cybermuseum and The Illustrations special For premium member(please subscribed via comment)

Museum Dunia Maya Pribadi Khusus Untuk anggota Premium

E-BOOK



THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP

1949-1950



Dr Iwan s Creations

Based on His Own Postal and Document History Collections

Limited Private Edition 100 expl

Special For Premium Member

Jakarta,April. 2011 ________________________________________________________________________________ THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP 1949-1950 Edisi Terbatas 100 eksp Publikasi Pribadi Khusus untuk Kolektor postal Histori Penulis : Dr Iwan S Editor : Anton J.S. Penyunting : Lily W. Photographer : Albert SDO NAMA PEMILIK: Dr Iwan S NO. PERCOBAAN 001 @Copyright Dr Iwan S 2011 _____________________________________________________________

Introduction

(KataPengantar)

1.This Information still not complete,please all the colectors from all over the world to add the informations,thank . informasi ini masih banyak kekurangannya ,harap komentar dan saran perbaikan dan tambahan informasi dari seluruh kolektor didunia

2.All my vienna printing stamps found in the Direction general RIS PTT souvernier book during IHFBC 1950 Florence conference. ‘Seluruh koleksi cetak wina milik saya berasal dari buku kenangan dari Dirjen PTT RIS pada IHFB conference Florence 1950.

3.The illustration special for premium member.

Ilustrasi khusus hanya untuk anggota premium.

_________________________________________



A. Chapter One :

The vienna printing stamps Repoeblik Indonesia prepare to sale in Dec.1st .1949

A.Introduction 1. The Indonesia vienna printing still mistery until this day,because not exist the history of this stamps issued at Jogya Post Office in 1949-1950 . Many fact must still mistery like : Misteri dari prangko Indonesia Cetak wina 1949-1950 sampai saat ini masih menjadi suatu misteri, karena sejarah tentang penerbitan prangko ini di Jogya masih belum terungkap, antara lain :(1)The stamps issued by whom.(prangko ini diterbitkan atas gagasan siapa) (a) The name of Indonesia Postal Telephon Telegram(PTT) fo Jogya still didn’t knew . only the information from the introduction ,Minkus Worldwide postage stamp Catalogue 1972. “The following stamps were printed abroad during the blockage of republic of Indonesia by the Netherlands. According to the PTT of Indonesia, a great part of the documents relating to the stamps were lost during that turbulent time. The stamps inscribed REPORBLIK were prepared for sale Dec.15th,1948 (the nemae of republic was NRI Negara Republic Indonesia of the state of republic Indonesia why vienna printing stamp used Reporblik Indonesia withou the state still confuced, NRI didn’t join UPU that was why cannot send latter by international postal Unuion, the NRI stamps used only local in the NRI area only, I have the postally used cover with lo9cal NRI stamps and also Revenue NRI until December,10th.1948 but vienna printing never seen in thousand postal used cover from Jogya area, please comment.Dr Iwan S) and reported issued Aug.17,1949 in UNION POSTALE,UPU bulletin of August,1951.This name bulletin listed stamps inscribed REPUBLIK and the UPU series as issued Aug.17.1949 and DEc.1.1949 reprectively. (The vienna printing s stamps cannot used because in Dec ,27th.1949 Indonesian became The united states of Republic Indonesia “Republik Indonesia Serikat or RIS” the stamp used from Indonesia federal stade(NICA) with and without overprint, I have found in De,29th.1949 the Indonesia federal states stamp with Queen Juliana stamps still used on cover send from Bangka tanjung Pandan to Jakarta, the earliest used the overprint RIS in March 1950 and overprint RIS still used until 1952. my conclution The Indonesia Vienna printing stamps only the propaganda label ,special for USA and other foreign countries. Dr Iwan S.) Following establistment of United States of Indonesia,the post offices were informed by telegraph under number 19119/A4 of Feb,20.1950:”Provisionally the following stamps are valid”B”.The postage stamps of the PTT services of the Republic Of Indonesia,printed abroad with several drawings ands value probably these stamps will no more be used for prepayment by public. Stamps mentioned under “B” were valid only for ordinary Inland or foreign postage for airmail registration,etc. had to be prepaid by other contemporary stamps mentioned in remaining parts of the telegraphed massage.The UPU comemoratives were to remain valid for prepayment [postage until the end of July,1950(August,17.1950 RIS became NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, the ordinary overprinted RIS stamps still valid until 1952,and listed on the the Tjontoh or Sample stamps list issued by the Indonesian Post Office ,found by the chief master og Bengkulu city Post officed during he work there,now in my Collections-Dr Iwan S) nama pejabat PTT RI yang membuat gagasan tidak diketahui, hanya ada info dari kata pengantar katalog Minkus 1972 bahwa prngko dicetak diluar negeri selama blokade dari Republik Indoseia oleh Belanda. Karena sebagian besar dokumen yang berhubungan dengan prangko telah hilang saat masa kacau . Prangko dengan tulisan ejaan lama Repoeblik dipersiapkan untuk dijual pada tanggal 15 bulan desember 1948 dan juga dilaporkan penerbitan tanggal 17 agustus 1949 dalam Union Postale,UPU bulletin of August,1951. Buletin yang sama mencantumkan prangko dengan tulisan ejaan baru REPUBLIK dan seri UPU yang diterbitkan oleh RIS, menurut informasi telegram nomor 19119/ tanggal 20 pebuari 1950.yang berbunyi Prangko ini berlaku secara local provinsi “B” Prangko dari pos dalam pelayanan PTT Republik Indonesia,ditjetak diluar negeri dengan beberapa lukisan dan nominal.Mungkin prangko ini tidak akan di pergunakan untuk prabayar bagi masyarakat.Prangko dengan kode “B” hanya berlaku untuk prangko kontenporer untuk dalam negeri atau untuk pos udara ,registrasi dan sebagainya. untuk pra bayar dengan prangko kontemporer lainnya sebagai bagian tersisa dari pesan telegram . Prangko UPU tetap valid untuk prangko prabayar sampai akhir juli 1950.(Saya memiliki prangko dengan cetak tindih Tjontoh yangd iterbitkan tahun 1951,prangko cetak wina tidak tercantum dalam lembaran prangko contoh tersebut-Dr Iwan S) (2)Who painted the stamp’s design ( siapa yang mengambar desain prangko ini,)Under the pictorial stamps ,written the name of the painter SCROME ,please who have another name report via comment.thanks. dibawah prangko serial lukisan pictorial ,bungkarno dan bung hatta ada nama pelukisnya yaitu SCHROM.sedangkan yang definitif tidak ada namanya.lihat illustrasi dibawah ini.

, sedangkan lainnya tidak ada.saya harap yang m nama lain agar melaporkannya kepada saya terim aksih sebelumnya.

(3) Are this stamp issued ,by sold in the post office and use on cover postally(Apakah Prangko ini pernah dijual diloket kantor pos jogya dan dipergunakan untuk pengiriman surat ?) Until this day I had nevers een the guinine postal used cover, only CTO Cover exist. ( sampai saat ini saya belum pernah melihat prangko cetak wina yang terkirim liwat pos, yang ada dalam bentu CTO saja.)

B.Type of prepaid stamps 1949

1.stamp

(1)Indonesia Leader

(a)Bung Karno

(a1) low nominal 2s Bung karno with Soldier

(a2) Bung karno and Whasington 1 R(not yet found)

(a3) President Sukarno 25R

(b)Bung Hatta

(b1)40s with Abe Lincoln(not yet found)

(b2) high values vice president Hatta 10 R

(2) Pictorial :

(a)The low nominal from 1sen to 80 Sen



(b)The high nominal from 60 Sen to 5 R

2.porto not yet found

3.Air Mail stamps

(1)10s,15 SEN ,20 s,30 s two type ,50 s,75 sen ,IR, 1 half R, 4 and half R two type,4 and half R and 7 and half R

(2)airoplane 2 and half R

(3) Bung Hatta 10 R

(4)Bung Karno 25 R

5.UPU

(1) Perforated

(a) 10s

(b) 20 S

(c) 50 S (not yet found,sample look RIS Merdeka ovpt)

(d) 1 R

(2) unperforated

6.Express 10s ,no other nominal value found

7.Resmi Overprint(official)

(1)2s,5s,15 S,30 s 10 s

(2)10s,30s,50 s and 1 R

8.The Pictorial Dutch Blockadge Republic Indonesia

(1) Stamps

(a)Perforated

(b) Unperforated

(2) Sheet

9.souvenir sheet

(1)Bung Karno

(a)1 R not yet found

(b) Pictorial 1 R not yet found

(2) Bung Hatta unperforated 10 R Brown The Postal Used Off Cover

Postal History Vienna Printing stamp 1949

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p62100011.jpg)

1.The Information From Ir M.F.Hartkamp POSTAL HISTORY OF VIENNA PRINTING STAMP 1948 My Friend Ir M.F.Hartkamp just send me informations about the selling of vienna printing stamp at Djogja Post Office in 1948 and 1949 ,read his masage to me below: “the Vienna printings only for 1 week have been sold by the head post office in Djokjakarta in 1948, starting at 15 December 1948 and ending (probably) 20 December 1948 (the second fight between the Dutch and the Republicans started at 19 December 1948. At 20 December 1948 Djokjakarta was captured by the Dutch and the Postal Head Office was closed. The stamps were again sold at the head office in Djokjakarta at 17 December 1949 until 1 March 1950” I have official documents to prove this

2.The Report Of Vienna Philladelphia UPU Stams by My Friend Yesi Palupi

Yesi Palupi (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886). Koleksi Wina saya hanya 3 keping prangko used Wina (thanks to my grandma…sekaligus sedih…krn dilepas dari sampulnya) cap pos warna biru dari Djokjakarta My Vienna Collection of stamps Used only 3 pieces of Vienna (thanks to my Grandma … and sad … krn removed from the cover) of blue postmark Djokjakarta. (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) Yesi Palupi (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) June 8 at 11:18pm Report (http://www.facebook.com/ajax/report.php? content_type=9&cid=2024959179936&rid=523724886&h=Afi211uFGrcGTIHl) Warisan dari eyang putri saya, beliau suka mengumpulkan prangko, tapi rata2 dilepas dari covernya.konon hanya ada 12 jenis stamps Wina yang sempat dipakai selama kira2 2 minggu di Jogja.bbrp tahun yll saya dengar kabar bahwa kepala kantor pos yg sempat menangani penjualan prangko Wina tsb sedang sakit keras (strooke) sehingga wawancara pengumpulan data dari beliau oleh teman saya juga terhenti.betul2 misteri yang patut diselidiki yah…. part of our history ^^Semoga berguna ^^

I have the fullsize pictures,but only for premium mem,this used stamps are the UPU viena printing stamp 1949, look the watermark Y P H,this Philladelphia printing.(Dr Iwan) The legacy of my daughter’s grandparents, he liked to collect stamps, but rata2 removed from the cover.supposedly there are only 12 types of stamps that could be used during the Vienna kira2 2 weeks in Yogyakarta.yll bbrp year I heard the news that the head post office who could handle the sale of stamps Vienna tsb is very ill (strooke) so that the interview data collected from him by a friend of mine was also suspended.betul2 mystery that should be investigated yah …. part of our history ^ ^Hopefully useful ALL PHILLATELIC COLLECTORS,PLEASE COMMENT ARE THIS STAMPS ORIGINAL USED LIKE REPORT, OR CTO.MR Ir M.F.HARTKAMP THIS INFO SPECIAL FOR YOU THE PREMIUM MKEMBER, THIS FULLSIZE ILLUSTRATIONS I WILL SEND TO YOU,PLEASE ASK.(Dr Iwan S.)



the end @ copyright Dr iwan Suwandy 2011. DrIWAN MYSTERY CYBERMUSEUM

The Mystery Of Indonesia Vienna Printing Stamps 1948(Misteri Prangko Cetak Wian tahun 1948) June 8, 2011June 10, 2011

iwansuwandy

DU

Leave a comment

NIA MAYA DR IWAN S.

Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA



(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg)

WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

The Driwan’s

Indonesian Postal History Cybermuseum

(Museum Dunia Maya Koleksi Benda Pos bersejarah RI)

Private Cybermuseum and The Illustrations special For premium member(please subscribed via comment)

Museum Dunia Maya Pribadi Khusus Untuk anggota Premium

E-BOOK



THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP

1949-1950



Dr Iwan s Creations

Based on His Own Postal and Document History Collections

Limited Private Edition 100 expl

Special For Premium Member

Jakarta,April. 2011 ________________________________________________________________________________ THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP 1949-1950 Edisi Terbatas 100 eksp Publikasi Pribadi Khusus untuk Kolektor postal Histori Penulis : Dr Iwan S Editor : Anton J.S. Penyunting : Lily W. Photographer : Albert SDO NAMA PEMILIK: Dr Iwan S NO. PERCOBAAN 001 @Copyright Dr Iwan S 2011 _____________________________________________________________

Introduction

(KataPengantar)

1.This Information still not complete,please all the colectors from all over the world to add the informations,thank . informasi ini masih banyak kekurangannya ,harap komentar dan saran perbaikan dan tambahan informasi dari seluruh kolektor didunia

2.All my vienna printing stamps found in the Direction general RIS PTT souvernier book during IHFBC 1950 Florence conference. ‘Seluruh koleksi cetak wina milik saya berasal dari buku kenangan dari Dirjen PTT RIS pada IHFB conference Florence 1950.

3.The illustration special for premium member.

Ilustrasi khusus hanya untuk anggota premium.

_________________________________________



A. Chapter One :

The vienna printing stamps Repoeblik Indonesia prepare to sale in Dec.15th .1948

A.Introduction 1. The Indonesia vienna printing still mistery until this day,because not exist the history of this stamps issued at Jogya Post Office in 1949-1950 . Many fact must still mistery like : Misteri dari prangko Indonesia Cetak wina 1949-1950 sampai saat ini masih menjadi suatu misteri, karena sejarah tentang penerbitan prangko ini di Jogya masih belum terungkap, antara lain :(1)The stamps issued by whom.(prangko ini diterbitkan atas gagasan siapa) (a) The name of Indonesia Postal Telephon Telegram(PTT) of Jogya still didn’t knew . only the information from the introduction ,Minkus Worldwide postage stamp Catalogue 1972. “The following stamps were printed abroad during the blockage of republic of Indonesia by the Netherlands. According to the PTT of Indonesia, a great part of the documents relating to the stamps were lost during that turbulent time. The stamps inscribed REPORBLIK were prepared for sale Dec.15th,1948 (the nemae of republic was NRI Negara Republic Indonesia of the state of republic Indonesia why vienna printing stamp used Reporblik Indonesia withou the state still confuced, NRI didn’t join UPU that was why cannot send latter by international postal Unuion, the NRI stamps used only local in the NRI area only, I have the postally used cover with lo9cal NRI stamps and also Revenue NRI until December,10th.1948 but vienna printing never seen in thousand postal used cover from Jogya area, please comment.Dr Iwan S) and reported issued Aug.17,1949 in UNION POSTALE,UPU bulletin of August,1951.This name bulletin listed stamps inscribed REPUBLIK and the UPU series as issued Aug.17.1949 and DEc.1.1949 reprectively. Following establistment of United States of Indonesia,the post offices were informed by telegraph under number 19119/A4 of Feb,20.1950:”Provisionally the following stamps are valid”B”.The postage stamps of the PTT services of the Republic Of Indonesia,printed abroad with several drawings ands value probably these stamps will no more be used for prepayment by public. Stamps mentioned under “B” were valid only for ordinary Inland or foreign postage for airmail registration,etc. had to be prepaid by other contemporary stamps mentioned in remaining parts of the telegraphed massage.The UPU comemoratives were to remain valid for prepayment [postage until the end of July,1950(August,17.1950 RIS became NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, the ordinary overprinted RIS stamps still valid until 1952,and listed on the the Tjontoh or Sample stamps list issued by the Indonesian Post Office ,found by the chief master og Bengkulu city Post officed during he work there,now in my Collections-Dr Iwan S) nama pejabat PTT RI yang membuat gagasan tidak diketahui, hanya ada info dari kata pengantar katalog Minkus 1972 bahwa prngko dicetak diluar negeri selama blokade dari Republik Indoseia oleh Belanda. Karena sebagian besar dokumen yang berhubungan dengan prangko telah hilang saat masa kacau . Prangko dengan tulisan ejaan lama Repoeblik dipersiapkan untuk dijual pada tanggal 15 bulan desember 1948 dan juga dilaporkan penerbitan tanggal 17 agustus 1949 dalam Union Postale,UPU bulletin of August,1951. Buletin yang sama mencantumkan prangko dengan tulisan ejaan baru REPUBLIK dan seri UPU yang diterbitkan oleh RIS, menurut informasi telegram nomor 19119/ tanggal 20 pebuari 1950.yang berbunyi Prangko ini berlaku secara local provinsi “B” Prangko dari pos dalam pelayanan PTT Republik Indonesia,ditjetak diluar negeri dengan beberapa lukisan dan nominal.Mungkin prangko ini tidak akan di pergunakan untuk prabayar bagi masyarakat.Prangko dengan kode “B” hanya berlaku untuk prangko kontenporer untuk dalam negeri atau untuk pos udara ,registrasi dan sebagainya. untuk pra bayar dengan prangko kontemporer lainnya sebagai bagian tersisa dari pesan telegram . Prangko UPU tetap valid untuk prangko prabayar sampai akhir juli 1950.(Saya memiliki prangko dengan cetak tindih Tjontoh yangd iterbitkan tahun 1951,prangko cetak wina tidak tercantum dalam lembaran prangko contoh tersebut-Dr Iwan S) (2)Who painted the stamp’s design ( siapa yang mengambar desain prangko ini,)Under the pictorial stamps ,written the name of the painter SCROME ,please who have another name report via comment.thanks. dibawah prangko serial lukisan pictorial ,bungkarno dan bung hatta ada nama pelukisnya yaitu SCHROM.sedangkan yang definitif tidak ada namanya.lihat illustrasi dibawah ini.

, sedangkan lainnya tidak ada.saya harap yang m nama lain agar melaporkannya kepada saya terim aksih sebelumnya.

(3) Are this stamp issued ,by sold in the post office and use on cover postally(Apakah Prangko ini pernah dijual diloket kantor pos jogya dan dipergunakan untuk pengiriman surat ?) Until this day I had nevers een the guinine postal used cover, only CTO Cover exist. ( sampai saat ini saya belum pernah melihat prangko cetak wina yang terkirim liwat pos, yang ada dalam bentu CTO saja.)

B.Type of prepaid stamps

1.stamp

(1)Indonesia Leader

(a)Bung Karno

(a1) low nominal 2s Bung karno with Soldier

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010015.jpg)

(a2) Bung karno and Whasington 1 R

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010018.jpg)

(a3) President Sukarno 25R

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5020056.jpg)

(b)Bung Hatta

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010011.jpg)

(b1)40s with Abe Lincoln

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010021.jpg)

(b2) high values vice president Hatta 10 R

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5020058.jpg)

(2) Pictorial :

(a)The low nominal from 1sen to 80 Sen

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5020054.jpg)

(b)The high nominal from 60 Sen to 5 R

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5020060.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010037.jpg)

2.porto from 1 S to 1 R

3.Air Mail stamps(1) 40 sen (2) 75 sen

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010039.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010042.jpg)

(3) the other nominal 10s,15 SEN ,20 s,30 s two type ,50 s,75 sen ,IR, 1 half R, 4 and half R two type,4 and half R and 7 and half R not yet found. (I have only the inscribed REPUBLIK 1949 stamps,look the illustration for sample picture)

4.Express Stamps

(1) 10 sen pictorial

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010046.jpg)

(2) no other nominal found

5.Resmi Overprint(official)

(1) 10 Sen

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010033.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010047.jpg)

(2) other nominal only in REPUBLIK (look the sample of picture)

6.souvenir sheet

(1)Bung Karno 1 R(Ihave seen donnot bought because very expensive,look the ISIS book illustration,courtecy john W.Mohr)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010051.jpg)

(2) Pictorial 1 R(I hadn’t seen,look ISIS book illustration,courtecy John w.Mohr)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010053.jpg) POSTAL HISTORY OF VIENNA PRINTING STAMP 1948 My Friend Ir M.F.Hartkamp just send me informations about the selling of vienna printing stamp at Djogja Post Office in 1948 and 1949 ,read his masage to me below: “the Vienna printings only for 1 week have been sold by the head post office in Djokjakarta in 1948, starting at 15 December 1948 and ending (probably) 20 December 1948 (the second fight between the Dutch and the Republicans started at 19 December 1948. At 20 December 1948 Djokjakarta was captured by the Dutch and the Postal Head Office was closed. The stamps were again sold at the head office in Djokjakarta at 17 December 1949 until 1 March 1950” I have official documents to prove this the end @ copyright Dr iwan Suwandy 2011 DrIWAN MYSTERY CYBERMUSEUM

The Introduction of Mystery Of Indonesian Vienna Printing Stamps June 6, 2011July 8, 2011

iwansuwandy

Leave a comment

MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA DR IWAN S.

Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA



(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg)

WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

The Driwan’s

Indonesian Postal History Cybermuseum

(Museum Dunia Maya Koleksi Benda Pos bersejarah RI)

Museum Dunia Maya Pribadi Untuk Seluruh rakyat Indonesia

E-BOOK



THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP

1949-1950



Dr Iwan s Creations

Based on His Own Postal and Document History Collections

Limited Private Edition 100 expl

Special For Premium Member

Jakarta,April. 2011 ________________________________________________________________________________ THE MYSTERY OF INDONESIAN VIENNA PRINTING STAMP 1949-1950 Edisi Terbatas 100 eksp Publikasi Pribadi Khusus untuk Kolektor postal Histori Penulis : Dr Iwan S Editor : Anton J.S. Penyunting : Lily W. Photographer : Albert SDO NAMA PEMILIK: Dr Iwan S NO. PERCOBAAN 001 @Copyright Dr Iwan S 2011 _____________________________________________________________

Introduction

(KataPengantar)

informasi ini masih banyak kekurangannya ,harap komentar dan saran perbaikan dan tambahan informasi dari seluruh kolektor didunia.’

_________________________________________

Table Of Content

Introduction

A. Chapter One :

The vienna printing stamps Repoeblik Indonesia prepare to sale in Dec.15th .1948

1.stamp

2.porto

3.Air Mail stamps

4.Express Stamps

5.souvenir sheet

B.chapter Two :

The vienna printing stamps Republik Indonesia prepared issuen in Dec.1st .1949

1.definitif stamp

2.Air mails

3.Express

4.Resmi overprint(Official)

5.UPU and Dutch Blockadge pictorial series

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5030161.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5030143.jpg)

(a)stamps

(1) Perforated

(2)Unperforated

(b) Sheet

6.souvenir sheet

B.Chapter Two: The vienna Printing Stamp in 1950(RIS overprint)

1.stamp

2.porto

3.souvenir sheet

C.Chapter Three: The Vienna Printing Stamp Used On cover.

1. CTO Postal used Cover

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/vienna-printing-upu-ovpt-ris-stolow-cto-used-cover.jpg)

2.CTO On Fragment

3. Guinine Postal Used Cover.

Book IV : The Indonesian Vienna Printing stamp Literature

1. Indonesian issued

2. abroad isssued

a. Dutch

b.USA(philladelphia)

c.Other countries

The Indonesia Revolutionary Vienna Stamps Catalogue 1998 by Anders Backman

Postage Issues Section The Indonesia Revolutionary Vienna Stamps Catalogue 1998 is divided into five major section, and I hope this will add to the understanding of the complicated structure of these issues. The first issues inscribed Repoeblik Indonesia Definitive Issue (http://www.silverdalen.se/stamps/cin98/oe/ba/de_p/oe_de_p.htm) Definitive Issue, Express (http://www.silverdalen.se/stamps/cin98/oe/ba/de_p_x/oe_de_p_x.htm) Definitive Issue, Engraved High Values (http://www.silverdalen.se/stamps/cin98/oe/ba/de_p_hv/oe_de_p_hv.htm) Commemorative Issue, Blockade Runners (http://www.silverdalen.se/stamps/cin98/oe/ba/bl_p/oe_bl_p.htm) The consecutive issues inscribed Republik Indonesia Definitive Issue Definitive Issue, Express Definitive Issue, Engraved High Values Commemorative Issue, Blockade Runners Commemorative Issue, Universal Postal Union UPU Commemorative overprint Merdeka Djokarta Definitive Issue, Repoeblik Definitive Issue, Republik Definitive Issue, Express, Repoeblik Definitive Issue, Express, Repoeblik Definitive Issue, Engraved High Values, Repoeblik Definitive Issue, Engraved High Values, Repoeblik Commemorative Issue, Blockade Runners, Repoeblik Commemorative Issue, Blockade Runners, Republik Commemorative Issue, Universal Postal Union UPU Commemorative overprint RIS Commemorative Issue, Universal Postal Union UPU __________________________________________________________________________



Introductions

Misteri Benda Pos dan document

Prangko Cetak Wina

1949/1950 1. The Indonesia vienna printing still mistery until this day,because not exist the history of this stamps issued at Jogya Post Office in 1949-1950 . Many fact must still mistery like : Misteri dari prangko Indonesia Cetak wina 1949-1950 sampai saat ini masih menjadi suatu misteri, karena sejarah tentang penerbitan prangko ini di Jogya masih belum terungkap, antara lain :(1)The stamps issued by whom.(prangko ini diterbitkan atas gagasan siapa) (a) The name of Indonesia Postal Telephon Telegram(PTT) fo Jogya still didn’t knew . only the information from the introduction ,Minkus Worldwide postage stamp Catalogue 1972. “The following stamps were printed abroad during the blockage of republic of Indonesia by the Netherlands. According to the PTT of Indonesia, a great part of the documents relating to the stamps were lost during that turbulent time. The stamps inscribed REPORBLIK were prepared for sale Dec.15th,1948 and reported issued Aug.17,1949 in UNION POSTALE,UPU bullertin of August,1951.This ame bulletin listed stamps inscribed REPUBLIK and the UPU series as issued Aug.17.1949 and DEc.1.1949 reprectively. Following establistment of United States of Indonesia,the post offices were informed by telegraph under number 19119/A4 of Feb,20.1950:”Provisionally the following stamps are valid”B”.The postage stamps of the PTT services of the Republic Of Indonesia,printed abroad with several drawings ands value probably these stamps will no more be used for prepayment by public. Stamps mentioned under “B” were valida only for ordinary Inland or foreign postage for airmail registration,etc. had to be prepaid by other contemporary stamps mentioned in remaining parts of the telegraphed massage.The UPU comemoratives were to remain valid for prepayment [postage until the end of July,1950(August,17.1950 RIS became NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, the ordinary overprinted RIS stamps still valid until 1952,and listed on the the Tjontoh or Sample stamps list issued by the Indonesian Post Office ,found by the chief master og Bengkulu city Post officed during he work there,now in my Collections-Dr Iwan S) nama pejabat PTT RI yang membuat gagasan tidak diketahui, hanya ada info dari kata pengantar katalog Minkus 1972 bahwa prngko dicetak diluar negeri selama blokade dari Republik Indoseia oleh Belanda. Karena sebagian besar dokumen yang berhubungan dengan prangko telah hilang saat masa kacau . Prangko dengan tulisan ejaan lama Repoeblik dipersiapkan untuk dijual pada tanggal 15 bulan desember 1948 dan juga dilaporkan penerbitan tanggal 17 agustus 1949 dalam Union Postale,UPU bulletin of August,1951. Buletin yang sama mencantumkan prangko dengan tulisan ejaan baru REPUBLIK dan seri UPU yang diterbitkan oleh RIS, menurut informasi telegram nomor 19119/ tanggal 20 pebuari 1950.yang berbunyi Prangko ini berlaku secara local provinsi “B” Prangko dari pos dalam pelayanan PTT Republik Indonesia,ditjetak diluar negeri dengan beberapa lukisan dan nominal.Mungkin prangko ini tidak akan di pergunakan untuk prabayar bagi masyarakat.Prangko dengan kode “B” hanya berlaku untuk prangko kontenporer untuk dalam negeri atau untuk pos udara ,registrasi dan sebagainya. untuk pra bayar dengan prangko kontemporer lainnya sebagai bagian tersisa dari pesan telegram . Prangko UPU tetap valid untuk prangko prabayar sampai akhir juli 1950.(Saya memiliki prangko dengan cetak tindih Tjontoh yangd iterbitkan tahun 1951,prangko cetak wina tidak tercantum dalam lembaran prangko contoh tersebut-Dr Iwan S) (2)Who painted the stamp’s design ( siapa yang mengambar desain prangko ini,)Under the pictorial stamps ,written the name of the painter SCROME ,please who have another name report via comment.thanks. dibawah prangko serial lukisan pictorial ,bungkarno dan bung hatta ada nama pelukisnya yaitu SCHROM.sedangkan yang definitif tidak ada namanya.lihat illustrasi dibawah ini.

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/vienn-printing-5r-flag.jpg) , sedangkan lainnya tidak ada.saya harap yang m nama lain agar melaporkannya kepada saya terim aksih sebelumnya.

(3) Are this stamp issued ,by sold in the post office and use on cover postally(Apakah Prangko ini pernah dijual diloket kantor pos jogya dan dipergunakan untuk pengiriman surat ?) Until this day I had nevers een the guinine postal used cover, only CTO Cover exist. ( sampai saat ini saya belum pernah melihat prangko cetak wina yang terkirim liwat pos, yang ada dalam bentu CTO saja.) 2. BUKU INI DISUSUN BERDASARKAN KOLEKSI PRIBADI Dr IWAN SUWANDY. ANTARA LAIN: (1) .Information about Indonesian Vienna Printing stamp based on my several vintage Vienna Printing Books and collections(Dr iwan Collections) and also my friend collections. (2) My article about CTO stamp included Indonesian Vienna printing stamps in my web blog Driwancybermuseum April 2011. This article had comment by Ir MF Hartman and he asked me more info , as the premium member , this book I write special for him and I hope this information useable for upgrade his vienna printing collections.

(a) Viena Printing stamp info from netherland collectors ABOUT THE CONTACT BETWEEN STOLOW USA WITH JOGYA POSTAL OFFICE IN 1949 in dutch language

Weense Drukken Een vreemd intermezzo zijn de in Philadelphia, USA en Wenen, Oostenrijk gedrukte plaatjeszegels ‘Repoeblik Indonesia’ welke volgens zeggen ook in Indonesië uitkwamen, naar het schijnt vanaf 17 december 1949 – dus kort na de souvereiniteitsoverdracht – alleen op het postkantoor Djocja (Java). Die plaatjeszegels waren in de handel gebracht door postzegelhandel Stolow in New York. Ze worden ‘Weense Drukken’ genoemd. De listige heer Stolow had in 1948 in New York een postzegelcontract gesloten met Indonesische delegatieleden bij de UNO resp. de ‘ambassadeur’. Als dat zo is, dan waren die heren daartoe niet bevoegd en de Djawatan PTT wist van niets. Geen nood: in opdracht van Stolow werden in de USA en Oostenrijk ca 700 verschillende ‘Weense Drukken’ Repoeblik/Republik Indonesia zegels en blokken geproduceerd, getand en ongetand, met en zonder overdruk, en wereldwijd in de handel gebracht. Ze werden zelfs bij de Wereldpostvereniging, de UPU aangemeld. Gebruikt zijn ze voor zover ik weet, alleen bekend als maakwerk, bijvoorbeeld op brieven door Stolow aan zichzelf geschreven en niet door de reguliere post bezorgd. Ongebruikt/postfris kan men Weense Drukken nog steeds vinden in de handel, rondzending en postzegelmarkt. Mijn opinie: pure nep. Vele Indonesische verzamelaars vinden dat misschien ook maar Weense Drukken zijn sinds uitgave 1997 wel in de Prangko te vinden.

er verschenen in ‘Onder de Loupe’ van PV Haarlemmermeer. Ik heb gebruik kunnen maken van op- en aanmerkingen van Leo Vosse van Vereniging Dai Nippon waarvoor mijn dank. De tekst is echter voor mijn verantwoording. Voor Ned.Indië postzegels geeft de NVPH catalogus informatie. Voor Repoeblik postzegels kan men terecht bij de Prangko Indonesian Stamp Catalogue en/of de 1945-49 catalogus van de Vereniging Dai Nippon. Ook de z.g ‘Weense Drukken’ (zie onder) zijn daarin vermeld. translate : Vienna Press A strange interlude are in Philadelphia, USA and Vienna, Austria printed images stamps ‘Repo Tin Indonesia’what is said in Indonesia came out, apparently from December 17, 1949 – so soon after the transfer of sovereignty – only at the post office Djocja (Java). These pictures were stamps marketed by Stolowe stamp dealer in New York. They are “Viennese Press’ mentioned. The wily Mr. Stolowe was in 1948 in New York stamp a contract with Indonesian delegation to the UN respectively. the ambassador. If so, then those gentlemen were not empowered and Djawatan PTT had no idea. No problem: Stolowe were commissioned by the USA and Austria about 700 different ‘Viennese Press’ Repo Tin / Republik Indonesia stamps and blocks produced toothed and toothless, with and without pressure, and marketed worldwide. They were even at the Universal Postal Union, UPU notified. They are used as far as I know, only known as frame-up, such as letters written by Stolow to itself and not by regular post. Unused / mint Vienna Printing can still find in the retail, broadcast and stamp market. My opinion: pure fake. Many Indonesian collectors may find that even Viennese Press since 1997 edition or in the Prangko way.has appeared in “Under the Loupe” PV Haarlemmermeer. I have to make use of and comments by Leo Vosse Association of Dai Nippon Thank you. The text is however my responsibility. For Ned.Indië NVPH stamps, the catalog information. Look for Repo stamps can be obtained from the Indonesian Prangko Stamp Catalogue and / or the 1945-49 catalog of the Association of Dai Nippon. The socalled “Viennese Press (see below), it states another info of staaddruckrei wien where the vienana stamp were printing (1) From Catalogue

(a)Non issued stamps,Vienna issues, inscription: ‘REPOEBLIK INDONESIA’ or ‘REPUBLIK INDONESIA’ and ‘staatsdruckerei Wien’ in small letters at the bottom of the stamp.

(b) TMA stamps Catalogue 1996 and 2009 All type Pictorial , UPU and Blokadge series ,Numeric porto,Resmi overprint , Merdeka Jarta ,merdeka Jogya, RIS 27 Dec,1949,Ris Merdeka ,Ris Jakarta perforated and unperforated, many types ood sheets. When I asked to the owner ofTMA stamp Yudi,he told me the unperforated with more thich paper never found in Indonesia only in USA Phillatelic museumj only. You can buy the cataloue US $45.- added the postal cost to send. (c) Indonesia Vienna Printing Stamps Catalogue INDONESIA “VIENNA” STAMP ISSUES A series of stamps printed in Vienna and Philadelphia (high values only) were issued in support of the local Revolutionary Government. The “Vienna” issues are listed in several catalogues, but not Scott’s. Not all catalogues include the same material or every variety. This is an effort to produce a simple list of the major varieties. We also offer the Specialized Catalog published by the Dai Nippon Society. A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE “VIENNA” ISSUES…… Collectors can be confused by the sheer volume of different stamps from this period. When sorting stamps, the two different spellings, “Repoeblik” and “Republik”, are frequently overlooked. The best way to understand the stamp issues is to consider them in general series as follows: (1) The “Repoeblik” issues…..Definitives, Airs, Special Delivery, Air Special Delivery, Official and Blockade Definitive and Airmail issues. (2) The “Republik” Issues…..The same stamp types with the new spelling. The Blockade issues are a new design with Souvenir Sheets, perf and imperf. (3) The “6 Djuli 1949” Overprints…..”Repoeblik” and “Republik” issues (not all of the values) with this special Independence overprint. (4) The UPU issue of 4 values and a Souvenir Sheet. The stamps are issued perf and imperf, watermarked and no watermark; the S/S are watermarked perf and imperf. Unwatermarked S/S are proofs. These stamps were all issued plain and with three different overprints: “RIS” , “RIS Merdeka” and “RIS Djakarta”. To simplify our listings, we have given each ovpt/perf/wtmk type a unique suffix. (5) Last, the Postage Dues series in each of the three styles: i.e., Repoeblik, Republik and “6 Djuli 1949” overprints. Many issues exist with some values in single stamp small proofs or mini-sheets, originally stapled into booklets, so most have staple holes. Some strips of stamps were stapled into booklets. They also exist overprinted “Republik/Indonesia Serikat/27 Des. ‘49”, “Ris”, “Ris/Merdeka” or “Ris Djakarta”. Imperf proofs and proofs on card, a few signed in pencil, also exist in issued colors and/or trial colors. We use the basic Indonesian Prangko Catalog numbers on this list. We have also included the Michel Catalog numbers, where they exist. While we list all major varieties, we made no attempt to list the many proofs, errors, perf varieties or other specialized material. These stamps also exist on covers. Philatelic covers abound on a variety of envelopes and there is a list of cities and dates for the authorized philatelic covers (as opposed to unauthorized). Many covers exist addressed to J. & H. Stolow (responsible for the printing of these issues). The really tough covers are those which were actually used to carry mail. VALUES on this list are our best estimate of market values and are the basis for prices we use on our own Price Lists. 1 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 REPOEBLIK ISSUES First Repoeblik Definitives Michel 1-24 1 1 sen .30 2 2 sen .30 3 2 ½ sen .30 4 3 sen ……30 5 3 ½ sen..30 6 4 sen ……30 7 5 sen ……30 8 7 ½ sen..30 9 10 sen…..30 10 15 sen…..40 11 17 ½ sen..30 12 20 sen…..30 13 30 sen…..30 14 35 sen…..30 15 40 sen…..30 16 50 sen…..30 17 60 sen…..40 18 80 sen…..40 19 1R . ..40 20 2R . ..40 21 2.50 R. . …40 22 5R . .4.00 23 10R. …..6.00 24 25R . …..8.00 1-24 SET (24)…………22.00 Repoeblik Airs “ Pos Udara” Michel 27-39 25 10 sen…..50 26 20 sen…..50 27 30 sen…..50 28 40 sen…..50 29 50 sen…..50 30 75 sen…..50 31 1R . .1.00 32 1.50R . . ..1.50 33 4.50R . . ..1.50 34 5R . .4.00 35 7.50R . . ..2.50 36 10R. …..6.00 37 25R. …..8.00 25-37 SET (13)……….27.50 Repoeblik Special Delivery Michel 25-26 38 10 sen…..30 39 15 sen…..30 38-9 SET (2)………………..50 Repoeblic Air Special Del Michel 40 40 40 sen….1.00 Repoeblik Official “Resmi” Overprint Michel Dienst 1-3 41 2 sen ……40 42 5 sen ……40 43 10 sen…..40 44 15 sen…..40 45 30 sen…..75 46 50 sen…..75 41-46 SET (6)…………..3.00 Repoeblik Official Airmail Michel Dienst 7-10 47 10 sen…………………….. 1.50 48 30 sen…………………….. 1.50 49 50 sen…………………….. 1.50 50 1R. …………………..3.00 47-50 SET (4)……………7.50 Repoeblik Blockade Defins Michel 41-5 51 10 sen….1.50 52 15 sen….1.50 53 25 sen….1.50 54 60 sen….4.00 55 1R . .10.00 51-55 SET (5)…………18.50 Repoeblik Blockade Airs Michel 46-50 56 30 sen….3.00 57 50 sen….3.00 58 1R . .3.00 59 2.50R . . ..8.00 60 4.50R . . ..13.00 56-60 SET (5)…………30.00 51-60 SET (10)……….48.50 REPUBLIK ISSUES Republik Definitives Michel 51-74 61 1 sen ……30 62 2 sen ……30 63 2 ½ sen..30 64 3 sen ……30 65 3 ½ sen..30 66 4 sen ……30 67 5 sen ……30 68 7 ½ sen..30 69 10 sen…..30 70 15 sen…..40 71 17 ½ sen..30 72 20 sen…..40 73 30 sen…..40 74 35 sen…..40 75 40 sen…..40 76 50 sen…..40 77 60 sen…..50 78 80 sen…..50 79 1R . ..50 80 2R . ..50 81 2.50R . . …50 82 5R . .8.00 83 10R. …..6.00 84 25R. …..8.00 61-84 SET (24)……….25.00 Republik Airs “Pos Udara” Michel 77-89 85 10 sen…..80 86 20 sen…..80 87 30 sen…..80 88 40 sen….1.25 89 50 sen….1.75 90 75 sen….1.75 91 1R . .1.75 92 1.50R . . ..2.00 93 4.50R . . ..3.00 94 5R . .4.00 95 7.50R . . ..4.00 96 10R. …..6.00 97 25R. …..8.00 85-97 SET (13)……….35.00 Republik Special Delivery Michel 75-76 98 10 sen…..30 99 15 sen…..30 98-99 SET (2)………………60 Republic Air Special Del Michel 40 100 40 sen.1.00 Republik Official “ Resmi” Ovpt Michel Dienst 18-23 2 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 101 2 sen…..30 102 5 sen…..30 103 10 sen..30 104 15 sen.1.00 105 30 sen.1.00 106 50sen.1.00 101-106 SET (6)……….3.50 Republik Official Airmail Michel Dienst 24-27 107 .10 sen……………..1.50 108 30 sen……………..1.50 109 50 sen……………..1.50 110 .1R…………………..4.00 107-110 SET (4)……….8.50 Republik Blockade Definitives Michel 91-95 111 .10 sen……………..1.00 112 15 sen……………..1.00 113 .25 sen……………..1.50 114 .60 sen……………..2.00 115 .1R…………………..5.00 111-115 SET (5)………10.50 Republik Blockade Airs Michel 96-100 116 30 sen……………..2.00 117 .50 sen……………..2.00 118 1R…………………..2.00 119 2.50R…………………….. 3.00 120 4.50R…………………….. 3.00 116-120 SET (5)……..12.00 111-120 SET (10)……22.50 Republik Blockade S/S Each exist perf/imperf SS-1 .10/15/25/60 sen Perf. . …………………60.00 SS-2 10/15/25/60 sen Imp………………….200.00 SS-3. 30/50sen/1R/2R Perf. . …………………40.00 SS-4. 30/50sen/1R/2R Imp…………………..60.00 SS-5. 1R/4.50R Perf . ……………………50.00 SS-6 1R/4.50R Imperf . ……………………70.00 OVERPRINTS: MERDEKA DJOKJAKARTA 6 Djuli 1949 Type 1-Last Line 14 mm Type 2-Last Line 13mm Repoeblik Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 101-21 121 1 sen…..40 122 2 sen…..80 123 2 ½ sen..30 124 3 sen…..30 125 3 ½ sen..30 126 4 sen…..30 127 5 sen…..30 128 7 ½ sen..30 129 10 sen..30 130 15 sen.1.50 131 17 ½ sen.1.50 132 20 sen.1.25 133 30 sen.4.00 134 35 sen.5.00 135 40 sen.1.00 136 50 sen.5.00 137 60 sen.7.50 138 80 sen.2.00 139 1R. …..4.00 140 2R. .1.00 141 2.50R.7.50 121-141 SET (21)……44.00 Repoeblik Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 124-33 142 10 sen..40 143 20 sen..40 144 30 sen..40 145 40 sen.12.00 146 50 sen..80 147 75 sen..80 148 1R. …………1.50 149 1.50R.1.50 150 4.50R.3.50 151 7.50R.16.00 142-151 SET (10)……36.00 Repoeblik Spec Delivery Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 122-23 152 10 sen..40 153 15 sen..40 152-153 SET (2)………….70 Repoeblik Air Spec Delivery Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 134 154 40 sen..60 Repoeblik Official Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Dienst 28-33 155 2 sen……….1.00 156 5 sen……….2.00 157 10 sen.2.00 158 15 sen.2.00 159 30 sen.4.00 160 50 sen.4.00 155-60 SET (6)……….15.00 Repoeblik Official Air Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Dienst 34-37 161 10 sen.1.25 162 30 sen.3.00 163 50 sen.3.00 164 1R. …..2.50 161-164 SET (4)……….9.50 Republik Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 135-55 165 1 sen…..40 166 2 sen….1.00 167 2 ½ sen..40 168 3 sen…..40 169 3 ½ sen..40 170 4 sen…..40 171 5 sen…..40 172 7 ½ sen..40 173 10 sen.1.00 174 15 sen.1.75 175 17 ½ sen.1.75 176 20 sen.3.00 177 30 sen.3.00 178 35 sen.3.00 179 40 sen.3.00 180 50 sen.5.50 181 60 sen.5.50 182 80 sen.5.50 183 1R. …..3.00 184 2R. …..3.00 185 2.50R.3.00 165-185 SET (21)……45.00 Republik Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 158-67 186 10 sen..40 187 20 sen.1.75 188 30 sen..60 189 40 sen.1.50 190 50 sen..60 191 75 sen..60 192 1R. …..2.00 193 1.50R.2.60 3 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 194 4.50R.3.00 195 7.50R.3.50 186-195 SET (10)……16.00 Republik Spec Del Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 156-57 196 10 sen..40 197 15 sen..80 196-197 SET (2)……….1.20 Djuli 1949 Republik Air Spec Del Ovpt “6” Michel 168 198 40 sen.6.00 Republik Official Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Unlisted 199 2 sen….1.25 200 5 sen…..60 201 10 sen..60 202 15 sen.1.25 203 30 sen.3.00 204 50 sen.4.00 199-204 SET (6)……..10.70 Republik Official Air Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Unlisted 205 10 sen.2.50 206 30 sen.1.50 207 50 sen.1.50 208 1R. …..4.00 205-208 SET (4)……….9.50 Republik Blockade Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 174-78 209 10 sen..75 210 15 sen..75 211 25 sen.3.00 212 60 sen.3.00 213 1R. …..6.00 209-213 SET (5)……..13.50 Republik Blockade Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 174-78 214 30 sen.5.00 215 50 sen.5.00 216 1R. …..5.00 217 2.50R.6.00 218 4.50R.10.00 214-218 SET (5)……..31.00 209-218 SET (10)……43.50 Republik Blockade Souvenir Sheets Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Exist Perf and Imperf SS-7. 10/15/25/60 sen Perf. . ……………….525.00 SS-8 10/15/25/60 sen Imp………………….900.00 SS-9 30/50 sen/1R/2R Perf. . …………………60.00 SS-10 . 30/50 sen/1R/2R Imp……………………80.00 SS-11 . 1R/4.50R Perf . ……………………70.00 SS-12 . 1R/4.50R Imperf . ……………………70.00 UPU ISSUES To clearly identify wtmk/ perf/imperf varieties, we use a letter after the number: No Overprint: A = No Ovpt, Perf, Unwatermarked B = No Ovpt, Perf, Watermarked C = No Ovpt, Imperf, Unwtmk D = No Ovpt, Imperf, Wtmk RIS Overprint: E = RIS, Perf, Unwatermarked F = RIS, Perf, Watermarked G = RIS, Imperf, Unwtmk H = RIS, Imperf, Wtmk RIS MERDEKA: J = MERDEKA, Perf, Unwtmk K = MERDEKA, Perf Wtmk L = MERDEKA, Imperf, Unwtmk M = MERDEKA, Imperf, Wtmk RIS DJAKARTA; N = DJAKARTA, Perf, Unwtmk P = DJAKARTA, Perf, Wtmk Q = DJAKARTA, Imperf, Unwtmk R = DJAKARTA, Imperf, Unwtmk UPU NO OVERPRINT Perf/Unwtmk (A) Michel 179-82 219 A 10 sen..75 220 A 20 sen..75 221 A 50 sen..75 222 A 1R ……75 SET A …………………….3.00 Perf/Wtmk (B) Michel 183-86 219 B 10 sen..75 220 B 20 sen..75 221 B 50 sen..75 222 B 1R ……75 SET B …………………….3.00 Imperf/Unwtmk (C) Michel 179-82 219 C 10 sen.1.25 220 C 20 sen.1.25 221 C 50 sen.1.25 222 C 1R …..1.25 SET C . …………………..5.00 Imperf/Wtmk (D) Michel 183-86 219 D 10 sen.1.25 220 D 20 sen.1.25 221 D 50 sen.1.25 222 D 1R …..1.25 SET D . …………………..5.00 Souvenir Sheet No Overprint Wtmk Michel BL1 SS-13 . Perf……………15.00 SS-14. Imperf…………15.00 RIS OVERPRINT RIS Ovpt/Perf/Unwtmk (E) Michel 187-90 219 E 10 sen.3.00 220 E 20 sen.3.00 221 E 50 sen.3.00 222 E 1R …..3.00 SET E …………………..12.00 RIS Ovpt/Perf/Wtmk (F) Michel 191-94 219 F 10 sen.3.00 220 F 20 sen.3.00 221 F 50 sen.3.00 222 F 1R …..3.00 SET F …………………..12.00 RIS Ovpt/Imp/Unwtmk (G) Michel 187-90 219 G 10 sen.5.00 220 G 20 sen.5.00 221 G 50 sen.3.00 222 G 1R …..5.00 SET G RIS/Imp/Unwtmk….. ………………………..18.00 RIS Ovpt/Imperf/Wtmk (H) Michel 191-94 219 H 10 sen.5.00 220 H 20 sen.5.00 221 H 50 sen.3.00 222 H 1R …..5.00 SET H …………………..18.00 Souvenir Sheet RIS Overprint Wtmk 4 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 Michel BL2 SS-15 .Perf…………………….. 15.00 SS-16 .Imperf………….15.00 RIS MERDEKA OVERPRINT Merdeka Perf/Unwtmk (J) Michel 195-9 219 J 10 sen.3.00 220 J 20 sen.3.00 221 J 50 sen.3.00 222 J 1R …..3.00 SET J …………………..12.00 Merdeka Perf/Wtmk (K) Michel 199-202 219 K 10 sen.3.00 220 K 20 sen.3.00 221 K 50 sen.3.00 222 K 1R …..3.00 SET K …………………..12.00 Merdeka Imp/Unwtmk (L) Michel 195-98 219 L 10 sen.3.00 220 L 20 sen.3.00 221 L 50 sen.3.00 222 L 1R …..3.00 SET L …………………..12.00 Merdeka Imp/Wtmk (M) Michel 199-202 219 M 10 sen.10.00 220 M 20 sen.10.00 221 M 50 sen.3.00 222 M 1R . . ..3.00 SET M . …………………26.00 Souvenir Sheet Merdeka Ovpt Wtmk Michel BL3 SS-17. Perf…………………….. 15.00 SS-18. Imperf………….15.00 RIS DJAKARTA OVPT Djakarta /Perf/Unwtmk (N) Michel 203-6 219 N 10 sen.3.00 220 N 20 sen.3.00 221 N 50 sen.3.00 222 N 1R ………..3.00 SET N …………………..12.00 Djakarta Perf/Wtmk (P) Michel 207-10 219 P 10 sen.3.00 220 P 20 sen.3.00 221 P 50 sen.5.00 222 P 1R ………..5.00 SET P …………………..16.00 Djakarta Ovpt/Imp/Unwtmk (Q) Michel 203-6 219 Q 10 sen.3.00 220 Q 20 sen.3.00 221 Q 50 sen.5.00 222 Q 1R ………..5.00 SET Q …………………..16.00 Djakarta Imperf/Wtmk (R) Michel 207-10 219 R 10 sen.15.00 220 R 20 sen.10.00 221 R 50 sen.10.00 222 R 1R ………10.00 SET R …………………..45.00 Souvenir Sheet Djakarta Ovpt Wtmk Michel BL4 SS-19.Perf……………..15.00 SS-20.Imperf…………..15.00 POSTAGE DUE ISSUES Repoeblik Post Due Michel 1-13 25 sen thru 1R stamps larger size 1 1 sen ……30 2 2 ½ sen..30 3 3 ½ sen..30 4 5 sen ……30 5 7 ½ sen..30 6 10 sen…..30 7 20 sen….1.00 8 25 sen…………………….. 1.50 9 30 sen…………………….. 1.50 10 40 sen…………………….. 1.50 11 50 sen…………………….. 1.50 12 75 sen…………………….. 3.00 13 1R. …………………..3.00 1-13 SET (13)………….15.00 Republik Post Due Michel Unlisted 14 1 sen …..20.00 15 2 ½ sen.20.00 16 3 ½ sen.20.00 17 5 sen …..20.00 18 7 ½ sen.20.00 19 10 sen….20.00 20 20 sen….20.00 21 25 sen….25.00 22 30 sen….25.00 23 40 sen….25.00 24 50 sen….25.00 25 75 sen….25.00 26 1R . .30.00 14-26 SET (13)……..295.00 Repoeblik Post Due Ovpt “9 Djuli 1949” Michel 14-26 27 1 sen ……80 28 2 ½ sen..80 29 3 ½ sen..40 30 5 sen ……40 31 7 ½ sen..80 32 10 sen…..40 33 20 sen….8.00 34 25 sen….4.00 35 30 sen….15.00 36 40 sen….15.00 37 50 sen….4.00 38 75 sen….15.00 39 1R . .15.00 27-39 SET (13)……….79.00 “INFAMY” OVERPRINTS Stamps of the Netherlands Indies and Indonesia were overprinted by the firm of Julius Stolow as per an agreement with Indonesian Ambassador Sumitro in Washington, dated December 23, 1948. Overprints are either 5 or 8 lines and were applied at Melbourne, Djakarta and New York. 5 Line Overprint Repoeblic Indonesia Two Days of Infamy 7 Dec. 1941 – Pearl Harbor 18 Dec. 1948 – Jogkarta 8 Line Overprint Repoeblic Indonesia Two Days of Infamy 7 Dec. 1941 – Pearl Harbor 18 Dec. 1948 – Jogkarta SEND FOR OUR FREE PRICE LISTS 5 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 INDONESIA REFERENCE BOOKS – ALL IN ENGLISH!!! Published by Dai Nippon, these soft cover reference books are essential for collectors of these Indonesian stamps. VIENNA PRINTINGS AND SUB AREAS (MOLUCCAS) Hot off the presses… arrived here in January, 2004……the long anticipated Vienna & Philadelphia Prints FULL COLOR catalog. Starts with documentation about these issues and goes on to list the stamps with mint and used prices, known proofs, and loads more. 290 Pages. Includes the South Moluccas and Permesta issues. An absolutely necessary reference. NET………….$40.00 JAPANESE OCCUPATION THE DUTCH INDIES 1942-1945 This is the indispensable reference for collectors of the Japanese Occupation issues. Soft cover, 270 pages, with tons of explanatory info and color pictures throughout, includes lists of Post Offices and their Japanese characters. Values in Euros. Latest Edition. NET……… $50.00 INDONESIA REVENUES JAPANESE OCC. 1942-1945 REP. INDONESIA 1945-1949 H. Ramkema’s terrific catalog, in Dutch and English, with lots of explanations and illustrations (275 pages), is THE most popular source for Revenue stamp identification and information. NET……$27.00 INDONESIA “VIENNA” STAMP ISSUES A series of stamps printed in Vienna and Philadelphia (high values only) were issued in support of the local Revolutionary Government. The “Vienna” issues are listed in several catalogues, but not Scott’s. Not all catalogues include the same material or every variety. This is an effort to produce a simple list of the major varieties. We also offer the Specialized Catalog published by the Dai Nippon Society. A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE “VIENNA” ISSUES…… Collectors can be confused by the sheer volume of different stamps from this period. When sorting stamps, the two different spellings, “Repoeblik” and “Republik”, are frequently overlooked. The best way to understand the stamp issues is to consider them in general series as follows: (1) The “Repoeblik” issues…..Definitives, Airs, Special Delivery, Air Special Delivery, Official and Blockade Definitive and Airmail issues. (2) The “Republik” Issues…..The same stamp types with the new spelling. The Blockade issues are a new design with Souvenir Sheets, perf and imperf. (3) The “6 Djuli 1949” Overprints…..”Repoeblik” and “Republik” issues (not all of the values) with this special Independence overprint. (4) The UPU issue of 4 values and a Souvenir Sheet. The stamps are issued perf and imperf, watermarked and no watermark; the S/S are watermarked perf and imperf. Unwatermarked S/S are proofs. These stamps were all issued plain and with three different overprints: “RIS” , “RIS Merdeka” and “RIS Djakarta”. To simplify our listings, we have given each ovpt/perf/wtmk type a unique suffix. (5) Last, the Postage Dues series in each of the three styles: i.e., Repoeblik, Republik and “6 Djuli 1949” overprints. Many issues exist with some values in single stamp small proofs or mini-sheets, originally stapled into booklets, so most have staple holes. Some strips of stamps were stapled into booklets. They also exist overprinted “Republik/Indonesia Serikat/27 Des. ‘49”, “Ris”, “Ris/Merdeka” or “Ris Djakarta”. Imperf proofs and proofs on card, a few signed in pencil, also exist in issued colors and/or trial colors. We use the basic Indonesian Prangko Catalog numbers on this list. We have also included the Michel Catalog numbers, where they exist. While we list all major varieties, we made no attempt to list the many proofs, errors, perf varieties or other specialized material. These stamps also exist on covers. Philatelic covers abound on a variety of envelopes and there is a list of cities and dates for the authorized philatelic covers (as opposed to unauthorized). Many covers exist addressed to J. & H. Stolow (responsible for the printing of these issues). The really tough covers are those which were actually used to carry mail. VALUES on this list are our best estimate of market values and are the basis for prices we use on our own Price Lists. 1 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 REPOEBLIK ISSUES First Repoeblik Definitives Michel 1-24 1 1 sen .30 2 2 sen .30 3 2 ½ sen .30 4 3 sen ……30 5 3 ½ sen..30 6 4 sen ……30 7 5 sen ……30 8 7 ½ sen..30 9 10 sen…..30 10 15 sen…..40 11 17 ½ sen..30 12 20 sen…..30 13 30 sen…..30 14 35 sen…..30 15 40 sen…..30 16 50 sen…..30 17 60 sen…..40 18 80 sen…..40 19 1R . ..40 20 2R . ..40 21 2.50 R. . …40 22 5R . .4.00 23 10R. …..6.00 24 25R . …..8.00 1-24 SET (24)…………22.00 Repoeblik Airs “ Pos Udara” Michel 27-39 25 10 sen…..50 26 20 sen…..50 27 30 sen…..50 28 40 sen…..50 29 50 sen…..50 30 75 sen…..50 31 1R . .1.00 32 1.50R . . ..1.50 33 4.50R . . ..1.50 34 5R . .4.00 35 7.50R . . ..2.50 36 10R. …..6.00 37 25R. …..8.00 25-37 SET (13)……….27.50 Repoeblik Special Delivery Michel 25-26 38 10 sen…..30 39 15 sen…..30 38-9 SET (2)………………..50 Repoeblic Air Special Del Michel 40 40 40 sen….1.00 Repoeblik Official “Resmi” Overprint Michel Dienst 1-3 41 2 sen ……40 42 5 sen ……40 43 10 sen…..40 44 15 sen…..40 45 30 sen…..75 46 50 sen…..75 41-46 SET (6)…………..3.00 Repoeblik Official Airmail Michel Dienst 7-10 47 10 sen…………………….. 1.50 48 30 sen…………………….. 1.50 49 50 sen…………………….. 1.50 50 1R. …………………..3.00 47-50 SET (4)……………7.50 Repoeblik Blockade Defins Michel 41-5 51 10 sen….1.50 52 15 sen….1.50 53 25 sen….1.50 54 60 sen….4.00 55 1R . .10.00 51-55 SET (5)…………18.50 Repoeblik Blockade Airs Michel 46-50 56 30 sen….3.00 57 50 sen….3.00 58 1R . .3.00 59 2.50R . . ..8.00 60 4.50R . . ..13.00 56-60 SET (5)…………30.00 51-60 SET (10)……….48.50 REPUBLIK ISSUES Republik Definitives Michel 51-74 61 1 sen ……30 62 2 sen ……30 63 2 ½ sen..30 64 3 sen ……30 65 3 ½ sen..30 66 4 sen ……30 67 5 sen ……30 68 7 ½ sen..30 69 10 sen…..30 70 15 sen…..40 71 17 ½ sen..30 72 20 sen…..40 73 30 sen…..40 74 35 sen…..40 75 40 sen…..40 76 50 sen…..40 77 60 sen…..50 78 80 sen…..50 79 1R . ..50 80 2R . ..50 81 2.50R . . …50 82 5R . .8.00 83 10R. …..6.00 84 25R. …..8.00 61-84 SET (24)……….25.00 Republik Airs “Pos Udara” Michel 77-89 85 10 sen…..80 86 20 sen…..80 87 30 sen…..80 88 40 sen….1.25 89 50 sen….1.75 90 75 sen….1.75 91 1R . .1.75 92 1.50R . . ..2.00 93 4.50R . . ..3.00 94 5R . .4.00 95 7.50R . . ..4.00 96 10R. …..6.00 97 25R. …..8.00 85-97 SET (13)……….35.00 Republik Special Delivery Michel 75-76 98 10 sen…..30 99 15 sen…..30 98-99 SET (2)………………60 Republic Air Special Del Michel 40 100 40 sen.1.00 Republik Official “ Resmi” Ovpt Michel Dienst 18-23 2 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 101 2 sen…..30 102 5 sen…..30 103 10 sen..30 104 15 sen.1.00 105 30 sen.1.00 106 50sen.1.00 101-106 SET (6)……….3.50 Republik Official Airmail Michel Dienst 24-27 107 .10 sen……………..1.50 108 30 sen……………..1.50 109 50 sen……………..1.50 110 .1R…………………..4.00 107-110 SET (4)……….8.50 Republik Blockade Definitives Michel 91-95 111 .10 sen……………..1.00 112 15 sen……………..1.00 113 .25 sen……………..1.50 114 .60 sen……………..2.00 115 .1R…………………..5.00 111-115 SET (5)………10.50 Republik Blockade Airs Michel 96-100 116 30 sen……………..2.00 117 .50 sen……………..2.00 118 1R…………………..2.00 119 2.50R…………………….. 3.00 120 4.50R…………………….. 3.00 116-120 SET (5)……..12.00 111-120 SET (10)……22.50 Republik Blockade S/S Each exist perf/imperf SS-1 .10/15/25/60 sen Perf. . …………………60.00 SS-2 10/15/25/60 sen Imp………………….200.00 SS-3. 30/50sen/1R/2R Perf. . …………………40.00 SS-4. 30/50sen/1R/2R Imp…………………..60.00 SS-5. 1R/4.50R Perf . ……………………50.00 SS-6 1R/4.50R Imperf . ……………………70.00 OVERPRINTS: MERDEKA DJOKJAKARTA 6 Djuli 1949 Type 1-Last Line 14 mm Type 2-Last Line 13mm Repoeblik Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 101-21 121 1 sen…..40 122 2 sen…..80 123 2 ½ sen..30 124 3 sen…..30 125 3 ½ sen..30 126 4 sen…..30 127 5 sen…..30 128 7 ½ sen..30 129 10 sen..30 130 15 sen.1.50 131 17 ½ sen.1.50 132 20 sen.1.25 133 30 sen.4.00 134 35 sen.5.00 135 40 sen.1.00 136 50 sen.5.00 137 60 sen.7.50 138 80 sen.2.00 139 1R. …..4.00 140 2R. .1.00 141 2.50R.7.50 121-141 SET (21)……44.00 Repoeblik Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 124-33 142 10 sen..40 143 20 sen..40 144 30 sen..40 145 40 sen.12.00 146 50 sen..80 147 75 sen..80 148 1R. …………1.50 149 1.50R.1.50 150 4.50R.3.50 151 7.50R.16.00 142-151 SET (10)……36.00 Repoeblik Spec Delivery Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 122-23 152 10 sen..40 153 15 sen..40 152-153 SET (2)………….70 Repoeblik Air Spec Delivery Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 134 154 40 sen..60 Repoeblik Official Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Dienst 28-33 155 2 sen……….1.00 156 5 sen……….2.00 157 10 sen.2.00 158 15 sen.2.00 159 30 sen.4.00 160 50 sen.4.00 155-60 SET (6)……….15.00 Repoeblik Official Air Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Dienst 34-37 161 10 sen.1.25 162 30 sen.3.00 163 50 sen.3.00 164 1R. …..2.50 161-164 SET (4)……….9.50 Republik Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 135-55 165 1 sen…..40 166 2 sen….1.00 167 2 ½ sen..40 168 3 sen…..40 169 3 ½ sen..40 170 4 sen…..40 171 5 sen…..40 172 7 ½ sen..40 173 10 sen.1.00 174 15 sen.1.75 175 17 ½ sen.1.75 176 20 sen.3.00 177 30 sen.3.00 178 35 sen.3.00 179 40 sen.3.00 180 50 sen.5.50 181 60 sen.5.50 182 80 sen.5.50 183 1R. …..3.00 184 2R. …..3.00 185 2.50R.3.00 165-185 SET (21)……45.00 Republik Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 158-67 186 10 sen..40 187 20 sen.1.75 188 30 sen..60 189 40 sen.1.50 190 50 sen..60 191 75 sen..60 192 1R. …..2.00 193 1.50R.2.60 3 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 194 4.50R.3.00 195 7.50R.3.50 186-195 SET (10)……16.00 Republik Spec Del Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 156-57 196 10 sen..40 197 15 sen..80 196-197 SET (2)……….1.20 Djuli 1949 Republik Air Spec Del Ovpt “6” Michel 168 198 40 sen.6.00 Republik Official Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Unlisted 199 2 sen….1.25 200 5 sen…..60 201 10 sen..60 202 15 sen.1.25 203 30 sen.3.00 204 50 sen.4.00 199-204 SET (6)……..10.70 Republik Official Air Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel Unlisted 205 10 sen.2.50 206 30 sen.1.50 207 50 sen.1.50 208 1R. …..4.00 205-208 SET (4)……….9.50 Republik Blockade Definitives Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 174-78 209 10 sen..75 210 15 sen..75 211 25 sen.3.00 212 60 sen.3.00 213 1R. …..6.00 209-213 SET (5)……..13.50 Republik Blockade Airs Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Michel 174-78 214 30 sen.5.00 215 50 sen.5.00 216 1R. …..5.00 217 2.50R.6.00 218 4.50R.10.00 214-218 SET (5)……..31.00 209-218 SET (10)……43.50 Republik Blockade Souvenir Sheets Ovpt “6 Djuli 1949” Exist Perf and Imperf SS-7. 10/15/25/60 sen Perf. . ……………….525.00 SS-8 10/15/25/60 sen Imp………………….900.00 SS-9 30/50 sen/1R/2R Perf. . …………………60.00 SS-10 . 30/50 sen/1R/2R Imp……………………80.00 SS-11 . 1R/4.50R Perf . ……………………70.00 SS-12 . 1R/4.50R Imperf . ……………………70.00 UPU ISSUES To clearly identify wtmk/ perf/imperf varieties, we use a letter after the number: No Overprint: A = No Ovpt, Perf, Unwatermarked B = No Ovpt, Perf, Watermarked C = No Ovpt, Imperf, Unwtmk D = No Ovpt, Imperf, Wtmk RIS Overprint: E = RIS, Perf, Unwatermarked F = RIS, Perf, Watermarked G = RIS, Imperf, Unwtmk H = RIS, Imperf, Wtmk RIS MERDEKA: J = MERDEKA, Perf, Unwtmk K = MERDEKA, Perf Wtmk L = MERDEKA, Imperf, Unwtmk M = MERDEKA, Imperf, Wtmk RIS DJAKARTA; N = DJAKARTA, Perf, Unwtmk P = DJAKARTA, Perf, Wtmk Q = DJAKARTA, Imperf, Unwtmk R = DJAKARTA, Imperf, Unwtmk UPU NO OVERPRINT Perf/Unwtmk (A) Michel 179-82 219 A 10 sen..75 220 A 20 sen..75 221 A 50 sen..75 222 A 1R ……75 SET A …………………….3.00 Perf/Wtmk (B) Michel 183-86 219 B 10 sen..75 220 B 20 sen..75 221 B 50 sen..75 222 B 1R ……75 SET B …………………….3.00 Imperf/Unwtmk (C) Michel 179-82 219 C 10 sen.1.25 220 C 20 sen.1.25 221 C 50 sen.1.25 222 C 1R …..1.25 SET C . …………………..5.00 Imperf/Wtmk (D) Michel 183-86 219 D 10 sen.1.25 220 D 20 sen.1.25 221 D 50 sen.1.25 222 D 1R …..1.25 SET D . …………………..5.00 Souvenir Sheet No Overprint Wtmk Michel BL1 SS-13 . Perf……………15.00 SS-14. Imperf…………15.00 RIS OVERPRINT RIS Ovpt/Perf/Unwtmk (E) Michel 187-90 219 E 10 sen.3.00 220 E 20 sen.3.00 221 E 50 sen.3.00 222 E 1R …..3.00 SET E …………………..12.00 RIS Ovpt/Perf/Wtmk (F) Michel 191-94 219 F 10 sen.3.00 220 F 20 sen.3.00 221 F 50 sen.3.00 222 F 1R …..3.00 SET F …………………..12.00 RIS Ovpt/Imp/Unwtmk (G) Michel 187-90 219 G 10 sen.5.00 220 G 20 sen.5.00 221 G 50 sen.3.00 222 G 1R …..5.00 SET G RIS/Imp/Unwtmk….. ………………………..18.00 RIS Ovpt/Imperf/Wtmk (H) Michel 191-94 219 H 10 sen.5.00 220 H 20 sen.5.00 221 H 50 sen.3.00 222 H 1R …..5.00 SET H …………………..18.00 Souvenir Sheet RIS Overprint Wtmk 4 Indonesia Vienna Issues Catalog Alexander’s Trading Co- PO Box 665 Parkton, MD 21120 Michel BL2 SS-15 .Perf…………………….. 15.00 SS-16 .Imperf………….15.00 RIS MERDEKA OVERPRINT Merdeka Perf/Unwtmk (J) Michel 195-9 219 J 10 sen.3.00 220 J 20 sen.3.00 221 J 50 sen.3.00 222 J 1R …..3.00 SET J …………………..12.00 Merdeka Perf/Wtmk (K) Michel 199-202 219 K 10 sen.3.00 220 K 20 sen.3.00 221 K 50 sen.3.00 222 K 1R …..3.00 SET K …………………..12.00 Merdeka Imp/Unwtmk (L) Michel 195-98 219 L 10 sen.3.00 220 L 20 sen.3.00 221 L 50 sen.3.00 222 L 1R …..3.00 SET L …………………..12.00 Merdeka Imp/Wtmk (M) Michel 199-202 219 M 10 sen.10.00 220 M 20 sen.10.00 221 M 50 sen.3.00 222 M 1R . . ..3.00 SET M . …………………26.00 Souvenir Sheet Merdeka Ovpt Wtmk Michel BL3 SS-17. Perf…………………….. 15.00 SS-18. Imperf………….15.00 RIS DJAKARTA OVPT Djakarta /Perf/Unwtmk (N) Michel 203-6 219 N 10 sen.3.00 220 N 20 sen.3.00 221 N 50 sen.3.00 222 N 1R ………..3.00 SET N …………………..12.00 Djakarta Perf/Wtmk (P) Michel 207-10 219 P 10 sen.3.00 220 P 20 sen.3.00 221 P 50 sen.5.00 222 P 1R ………..5.00 SET P …………………..16.00 Djakarta Ovpt/Imp/Unwtmk (Q) Michel 203-6 219 Q 10 sen.3.00 220 Q 20 sen.3.00 221 Q 50 sen.5.00 222 Q 1R ………..5.00 SET Q …………………..16.00 Djakarta Imperf/Wtmk (R) Michel 207-10 219 R 10 sen.15.00 220 R 20 sen.10.00 221 R 50 sen.10.00 222 R 1R ………10.00 SET R …………………..45.00 Souvenir Sheet Djakarta Ovpt Wtmk Michel BL4 SS-19.Perf……………..15.00 SS-20.Imperf…………..15.00 POSTAGE DUE ISSUES Repoeblik Post Due Michel 1-13 25 sen thru 1R stamps larger size 1 1 sen ……30 2 2 ½ sen..30 3 3 ½ sen..30 4 5 sen ……30 5 7 ½ sen..30 6 10 sen…..30 7 20 sen….1.00 8 25 sen…………………….. 1.50 9 30 sen…………………….. 1.50 10 40 sen…………………….. 1.50 11 50 sen…………………….. 1.50 12 75 sen…………………….. 3.00 13 1R. …………………..3.00 1-13 SET (13)………….15.00 Republik Post Due Michel Unlisted 14 1 sen …..20.00 15 2 ½ sen.20.00 16 3 ½ sen.20.00 17 5 sen …..20.00 18 7 ½ sen.20.00 19 10 sen….20.00 20 20 sen….20.00 21 25 sen….25.00 22 30 sen….25.00 23 40 sen….25.00 24 50 sen….25.00 25 75 sen….25.00 26 1R . .30.00 14-26 SET (13)……..295.00 Repoeblik Post Due Ovpt “9 Djuli 1949” Michel 14-26 27 1 sen ……80 28 2 ½ sen..80 29 3 ½ sen..40 30 5 sen ……40 31 7 ½ sen..80 32 10 sen…..40 33 20 sen….8.00 34 25 sen….4.00 35 30 sen….15.00 36 40 sen….15.00 37 50 sen….4.00 38 75 sen….15.00 39 1R . .15.00 27-39 SET (13)……….79.00 “INFAMY” OVERPRINTS Stamps of the Netherlands Indies and Indonesia were overprinted by the firm of Julius Stolow as per an agreement with Indonesian Ambassador Sumitro in Washington, dated December 23, 1948. Overprints are either 5 or 8 lines and were applied at Melbourne, Djakarta and New York. 5 Line Overprint Repoeblic Indonesia Two Days of Infamy 7 Dec. 1941 – Pearl Harbor 18 Dec. 1948 – Jogkarta 8 Line Overprint Repoeblic Indonesia Two Days of Infamy 7 Dec. 1941 – Pearl Harbor 18 Dec. 1948 – Jogkarta SEND FOR OUR FREE PRICE LISTS 5 INDONESIA REFERENCE BOOKS – ALL IN ENGLISH!!! Published by Dai Nippon, these soft cover reference books are essential for collectors of these Indonesian stamps. VIENNA PRINTINGS AND SUB AREAS (MOLUCCAS) Hot off the presses… arrived here in January, 2004……the long anticipated Vienna & Philadelphia Prints FULL COLOR catalog. Starts with documentation about these issues and goes on to list the stamps with mint and used prices, known proofs, and loads more. 290 Pages. Includes the South Moluccas and Permesta issues. An absolutely necessary reference. NET………….$40.00 JAPANESE OCCUPATION THE DUTCH INDIES 1942-1945 This is the indispensable reference for collectors of the Japanese Occupation issues. Soft cover, 270 pages, with tons of explanatory info and color pictures throughout, includes lists of Post Offices and their Japanese characters. Values in Euros. Latest Edition. NET……… $50.00 INDONESIA REVENUES JAPANESE OCC. 1942-1945 REP. INDONESIA 1945-1949 H. Ramkema’s terrific catalog, in Dutch and English, with lots of explanations and illustrations (275 pages), is THE most popular source for Revenue stamp identification and information. NET……$27.00 (2) The picture of the staad druckreei wien(The viena City Printing office) please compare with the viena design print in USA PERANGKO/ BAYAR PORT CETAKAN WINA – AUSTRIA. Jumlah : 13 Lembar ( 1 Set ) Harga : Rp. 4 Juta. Kondisi : Mint .





Perangko yang banyak dibicarakan oleh Para Kolektor dan Penjual dari Luar negeri. seri cetakan Wina dan Philadelphia.



Category:Staatsdruckerei Wien

Datei:Hof- und Staatsdruckerei Wien-Kupferdruckerei.JPG

(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Hof-_und_Staatsdruckerei_Wien-Kupferdruckerei.JPG) Keine höhere Auflösung vorhanden.

Media in category “Staatsdruckerei Wien” The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total.

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Briefmarke-150_Jahre_Staatsdruckerei-250_Jahre_Wiener_Zeitung.jpg) Briefmarke-150 Jahre… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Briefmarke-150_Jahre_Staatsdruckerei-250_Jahre_Wiener_Zeitung.jpg) 50,467 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hof-_und_Staatsdruckerei_Wien-Kupferdruckerei.JPG) Hof- und Staatsdruck… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hof-_und_Staatsdruckerei_Wien-Kupferdruckerei.JPG) 31,607 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatdsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_3-DritterStock.jpg) Staatdsdruckerei Sin… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatdsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_3-DritterStock.jpg) 42,389 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Seilerst%C3%A4tte-H%C3%A4userblock.svg) Staatsdruckerei Seil… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Seilerst%C3%A4tte-H%C3%A4userblock.svg) 19,467 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_0-Erdgescho%C3%9F.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_0-Erdgescho%C3%9F.jpg) 59,223 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_00-Keller.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_00-Keller.jpg) 65,527 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_000-Erkl%C3%A4rungen.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_000-Erkl%C3%A4rungen.jpg) 136,580 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_1-Erster_Stock.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_1-Erster_Stock.jpg) 60,142 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_2-Zweiter_Stock.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_2-Zweiter_Stock.jpg) 38,207 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_4-Vierter_Stock.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_4-Vierter_Stock.jpg) 64,563 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_5-F%C3%BCnfter_Stock.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_5-F%C3%BCnfter_Stock.jpg) 39,547 bytes

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_6-Boden_und_Dach.jpg) Staatsdruckerei Sing… (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatsdruckerei_Singerstra%C3%9Fe_6-Boden_und_Dach.jpg) 63,354 bytes Category (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories): Printing companies (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Printing_companies) (2) Dr Iwan Information about Vienna Printing stamp: (a)THE WIEN STAMPS (PRANGKO CETAK WINA) STILL IN DISCUSSION, ABOUT SOME POSTALLY USED WIEN STAMP ON COVER TO ADIS ABEBA AND USA, BUT I THINK THSI IS ONLY PHILLATELIC CREATION OR CTO.(THE ILLUSTRATION WERE NO CLEAR,ONLY FOTOCOPY FROM OLD USA MAGAZINE 1950)

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220072.jpg)

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220075.jpg) My Friend Palupi send information that her collections of used off cover viena printing stamp UPU stamps,look below : (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) Yesi Palupi (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) June 8 at 11:18pm Report (http://www.facebook.com/ajax/report.php? content_type=9&cid=2024959179936&rid=523724886&h=Afi211uFGrcGTIHl) Warisan dari eyang putri saya, beliau suka mengumpulkan prangko, tapi rata2 dilepas dari covernya.konon hanya ada 12 jenis stamps Wina yang sempat dipakai selama kira2 2 minggu di Jogja.bbrp tahun yll saya dengar kabar bahwa kepala kantor pos yg sempat menangani penjualan prangko Wina tsb sedang sakit keras (strooke) sehingga wawancara pengumpulan data dari beliau oleh teman saya juga terhenti.betul2 misteri yang patut diselidiki yah…. part of our history ^^Semoga berguna ^^ The legacy of my daughter’s grandparents, he liked to collect stamps, but rata2 removed from the cover.supposedly there are only 12 types of stamps that could be used during the Vienna kira2 2 weeks in Yogyakarta.yll bbrp year I heard the news that the head post office who could handle the sale of stamps Vienna tsb is very ill (strooke) so that the interview data collected from him by a friend of mine was also suspended.betul2 mystery that should be investigated yah …. part of our history ^ ^Hopefully useful (b)I HAVE REP.INDONESIA SOUVENIER BOOK DURING INTERNATIONA UPU CONFRENCE FLORENCE 1950 WITH WIEN STAMPS , THIS OFFICIAL GUININE OR TRADER CTO,PLEASE WHO HAVE THE SAME COLLECTIONS TO COMMENT.

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220081.jpg)

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220082.jpg)

Artikel saya tentang prangko CTO termasuk prangko cetak wina di web blog Driwancybermuseum. April 2011.Artikel ini mendapat tanggapan dari Ir MF Hartman dan ia meminta informasi lebih lanjut,sebagai anggota premium blog ini,buku ini saya tulis khusus untuknya semoga dapat menambah informasi bagi koleksinya. (c) Ir MF Hartman Literature send to me and he asked the information about that literature.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010001.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010007.jpg) Show quoted text – Dear Mr Suwandy, Thank you for all the answers.I know mr Bulterman very well, he lives in France at the moment so we only have e-mail contact.The picture of the Banteng was not a stamp but a design for the stamp, an original drawing! It is very important for me if you could help me for instance with a copy of the particulary catalogue of which I sent you a scan of the cover in my last e-mail. If you think you can help me with this copy and maybe with some other copies and information I like to become a premium member. Van: Iwan SuwandyVerzonden: vrijdag 15 april 2011 6:04 Aan: Architectenbureau Ir M.F. Hartkamp Onderwerp: Re: 07 – Vienna printings of Indonesia On Fri, Apr 15, 2011 at 4:13 AM, Architectenbureau Ir M.F. Hartkamp < Dear Sir Suwandy, Thank you for your reaction, Hereby I send you a scan of a real rare painting; it’s made by the Austrian Prof. Ernst Schrom, who designed a great number of the Vienna printings. Would you please be so kind to tell me how I can become a Premium member and what are the advantages of such a membership? How much do I have to pay for this membership? I like to have information about the archive you have about the Vienna printings. It is very important for me to know what kind of material about these Vienna Printings you have in your archive. However I have a great number of publications, I am still looking for some particularly others. For instance I like to know where I can become a (collar) copy of the catalogue of: Indonesian Postage Stamps (I attached a scan of this catalogue) I would like to have a copy of the next catalogue as well: Katalogus dari Perangko2 Republik Indonesia 1959. Edisi Ke I. Popular Katalogus (33 pages) . Soon I will write in Holland and in the USA some articles in philatelic magazines, ofcourse I will mention all the people who have helped me with gattering all the information about this subject! If I can help you with your investigations about the Vienna printings it would be an honour for me to help you with information about this subject. Best regards Maarten Hartkamp. Mr Hartkamp send me the old cutting article but he didnot know from what magazine, I also didnot know,may be someone will gave information because this article by Prof Dr Liem,told us rthat the vienna stamps were sold only two weeks before Indonesian second actie politional class in December 15th 1948. and another info about the used viena stamps is from my friend Palupi,she write that he have the yiena stamp used with blue postal date stamps and I ask her tho send me the illustrations of that stamp.look his info in Indonesian language below: (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) Yesi Palupi (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886). Koleksi Wina saya hanya 3 keping prangko used Wina (thanks to my grandma…sekaligus sedih…krn dilepas dari sampulnya) cap pos warna biru dari Djokjakarta My Vienna Collection of stamps Used only 3 pieces of Vienna (thanks to my Grandma … and sad … krn removed from the cover) of blue postmark Djokjakarta. (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) Yesi Palupi (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=523724886) June 8 at 11:18pm Report (http://www.facebook.com/ajax/report.php? content_type=9&cid=2024959179936&rid=523724886&h=Afi211uFGrcGTIHl) Warisan dari eyang putri saya, beliau suka mengumpulkan prangko, tapi rata2 dilepas dari covernya.konon hanya ada 12 jenis stamps Wina yang sempat dipakai selama kira2 2 minggu di Jogja.bbrp tahun yll saya dengar kabar bahwa kepala kantor pos yg sempat menangani penjualan prangko Wina tsb sedang sakit keras (strooke) sehingga wawancara pengumpulan data dari beliau oleh teman saya juga terhenti.betul2 misteri yang patut diselidiki yah…. part of our history ^^Semoga berguna ^^

I have the fullsize pictures,but only for premium mem,this used stamps are the UPU viena printing stamp 1949, look the watermark Y P H,this Philladelphia printing.(Dr Iwan) The legacy of my daughter’s grandparents, he liked to collect stamps, but rata2 removed from the cover.supposedly there are only 12 types of stamps that could be used during the Vienna kira2 2 weeks in Yogyakarta.yll bbrp year I heard the news that the head post office who could handle the sale of stamps Vienna tsb is very ill (strooke) so that the interview data collected from him by a friend of mine was also suspended.betul2 mystery that should be investigated yah …. part of our history ^ ^Hopefully useful I am aslo have the used stamps but the postal date stamped(CDS) false

All collectors who have the used vienna stamps loose or on cover plaese be kind to show us,thanks from Dr Iwan Suwandy.your informations very important to open the mistery of vienna printing stamps , used CTO,False or Original. (2)Majallah dan buku album prangko dengan prangko cetak wina.tahun 1950.. Magazine and stamp album indonesian vienna printing stamp in 1950-1955 (c) another Indonesian collectors info (c1)

Prangko Cetak tindih (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/prangko-cetak-tindih/) April 23, 2010 — satriyo57 Prangko cetak tindih VS biasa. Di cetak oleh Staatdruckerei Wien Schrom – Tahun 1949.

(http://satriyo57.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/prangko-wina-cetak-timbul-vs-asl.jpg) Ditulis dalam Prangko Lama (http://id.wordpress.com/tag/prangko-lama/). Leave a Comment » (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/prangko-cetak-tindih/#respond)

Prangko Wanita memBatik (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/prangko-wanita-membatik/) April 23, 2010 — satriyo57 Prangko Wanita memBatik Cetakkan Staatdruckerei Wien Schrom – Tahun 1949. Merupakan bukti sejarah bahwa Batik milik bangsa Indonesia. (bandingkan Malaysia baru merdeka 31 Agustus 1957, jadi jangan ngaku-ngaku)

(http://satriyo57.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/prangko-wina-batik1.jpg) Ditulis dalam Prangko Lama (http://id.wordpress.com/tag/prangko-lama/). Leave a Comment » (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/prangko-wanita-membatik/#respond)

Prangko Presiden Republik Indonesia Pertama Ir. Soekarno (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/04/23/prangko-presiden-republik-indonesia-pertama-ir-soekarno/) April 23, 2010 — satriyo57 Prangko Presiden Republik Indonesia Pertama Ir. Soekarno Dicetak oleh Staatdruckerei Wien Schrom – Tahun 1949.

(http://satriyo57.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/prangko-wina-soekarno.jpg)

Saksi Sejarah demi tegaknya NKRI (http://satriyo57.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/saksi-sejarah-demitegaknya-nkri/) Saksi sejarah demi tegaknya NKRI. Dengan terbitnya prangko di cetak STAATSDRUCKEREI-WIEN- SCHROM

Dicetak tahun 1949.

(http://satriyo57.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/perangkoblokadethn1949a1kecil.jpg)

The latest Indonesian catalogue including The vienna Printing stamps is TAM Indonesian Catalogue 2009, issued during Jakarta Interantional Phillatelic Exhibtion 2009, the writer Suwito harsono, when I asked about the Proeff Of Philladelphia printing vienna stamps

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5020071.jpg) , he answered(suwito nephew) that this stamp didnot exist in indonesia, still belong at Philadephia posatal history Museum including the painting proef, Mr MF Hartkamp have show me the original painting proef of unissued Bulls Vienna Stamps which He found from his friend.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p5010010.jpg) (4)Buku suvernir kongres UPU di Florence tahun 1950 dengan prongko cetak wina dalam kondisi mint. The two stamps below were issued at the end of World War II by the revolutionary government of Indonesia. They were printed by the Staatsdruckerei in Vienna. They are not listed by the Scott catalog, but Michel does list them. The first stamp was issued in 1948 or 1949. The design features a map of Indonesia with ships representing blockade runners streaming toward the Republic of Indonesia. The same stamp with an overprint was issued in 1949. Michel 91

The second stamp was issued by the de facto government of the Republic of Indonesia in December 1948.

(b)I HAVE REP.INDONESIA SOUVENIER BOOK DURING INTERNATIONAL UPU CONFRENCE FLORENCE 1950 WITH WIEN STAMPS , THIS OFFICIAL GUININE OR TRADER CTO,PLEASE WHO HAVE THE SAME COLLECTIONS TO COMMENT.

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220081.jpg)

(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/p3220082.jpg)

The Special Indonesia souvenier for the UPU congrees at Florence with mint vienana printing stamps,1950. My Premium Member just asking me about an articles written br Prof Dr Liem, about the Vienna Printing Stamp had sold only one weeks before the second Indonesian Politional Class December 18 th,1948, and the illustration of the stamps from collections Mr Ong Thiam Ing. who knows this articles from what magazine and more info about this writers and collectors please send me via commen. My Frien Ir M.F.Hartkamp just send me the information about the bviena stamp sold and used at the Djogjakarta post office; Dear Mr Suwandy Thank you very much for this information. It is correct that the Vienna printings only for 1 week have been sold by the head post office in Djokjakarta in 1948, starting at 15 December 1948 and ending (probably) 20 December 1948 (the second fight between the Dutch and the Republicans started at 19 December 1948. At 20 December 1948 Djokjakarta was captured by the Dutch and the Postal Head Office was closed. The stamps were again sold at the head office in Djokjakarta at 17 December 1949 until 1 March 1950 I have official documents to prove this. (Mr Hartkamp just send me as a present one sheet vienna stamps with CTO Bogor 1951, when I compered with the original cirdulare adte stamped at the same time on Postal stationer and document of paying tax ,there were some different on the BOGOR and 1 , please look the illustration below: 1.Compare Vienna printing stamps CTO Bogor with Postal Stationer Bogor. and cds Bogor on tax.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7140123.jpg) Buitenzorg still CDS still used until february 1950 and BOGOR CDS begin in MARCH 1950,in this document until after RIS December 1950,please compere with CDS BOGOR on vienna printing above ,not same. conclusion this CDS BOGOR fake.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7140126.jpg) Another sample of fake CDS Djogjakarta ,compare between the CTO on Vienna printing Stamps and original postal stationer. different, conclusion CTO on vienna printing stamps also fake.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7140127.jpg) I have never seen the original postal str or cover with original CTO or original used cover with vienna printing stamps, who have please inform me,tghis very importenat for the history of vienna print9ng stamps, I hope my premium member Mr MR Hartkamp can show used the original used vienna printing stamps-Note from Dr Iwan Suwandy) It is very important for me to know the date of the article I have sent you in my last e-mail. I am very surprised that the head of the post office in Djokjakarta at that time (December 1948) is still alive, however I understand he is ill at the moment. Hope this Chief Master will be better soon! Can you give me his full name? If the interview is made with this formal Head of the Post Office of Djokjakarta, I would like to have a copy of this interview, would that be possible? In your interesting blog you wrote: “The UPU comemoratives were to remain valid for prepayment [postage until the end of July,1950(August,17.1950 RIS became NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, the ordinary overprinted RIS stamps still valid until 1952,and listed on the the Tjontoh or Sample stamps list issued by the Indonesian Post Office ,found by the chief master og Bengkulu city Post officed during he work there,now in my Collections, I cannot add the ilklustrations because I am afriad this very rara dand only one postal history exist will repro or fake one will make, I am sorry-Dr Iwan S) Would you please be so kind to send me a copy of this list found by the chief master of Bengkulu city Post Office? I cannot send you the illustrations because the only one exist and very rare collections will repro the fake one, only at international exhibition I will show, if Mr Hartkamp visit Indonesia I will show this collections, the postal history with caption :TJONTOH PERANGKO YANG BERLAKU, consist: a. Smelt and building stamps without and with overpribnt violey ink stamped tjonto b. The first sukarno stamps with ovpt tjonto c. Padi Kapas(corn and rice) series with ovpt conto d.Garuda RIs ovpt tjonto e,UPU ovpt tjonto NO VIENNA PRINTING STAMPSEXIST IN THIS POSTAL HISTORY.. He also asking me to find the copy of Indonesian Popular Catalogue 1959. Katalogus dari Perangko2 Republik Indonesia 1959. Edisi Ke I. Popular Katalogus (33 pages), I ever met the owner of that catalogue in surabaya in 1979. May be my phillatelic friend from surabaya will help to find that old catalogue for Mr MF Hartkamp,please be My phillatelic friend from surabaya please please help me to get that first Indonesian popular Catalogue 1959,please contact me via comment,thanks.My frine from Medan ,just send informzation that he have that katalog, and I have asking him to send the picture of vienna printing stamp in that catalogue. My friend from Medan told me that this catalogue didnot list vienna printing stamps, and only catalogue 1959 from Bandung list the Vienna Printing stamps.only mint ,not used.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7190001.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7190003.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p7190002.jpg)

(5) Dr Iwan Postal and document History which collected from 1979,the biggest founded in 1985,1989 and 1994.included stamps, postal cover and ,document ,literature .etc Koleksi Dr iwan yang dikumpulkan sejak tahun 1979, yang paling banyak ditemui tahun 1985 ,1989 dan 1994 2.Buku ini masih banyak kekurangannya ,oleh karena itu saran dan koreksi dari para pembaca sanagat diharapkan. This Book still haven’t complete , that is why need more suggestion and corection from the collectors and historian. 3.Terima kasih atas bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada saya,mohon maaf karena berbagai keterbatasan,namanya tidak dapat saya sebutkan,untuk itu saya haturkan terima kasih,karena tanpa bantuan para sahabat tersebut buku ini tidak akan terwujud. Thanks very much to all my frien which given many info ,without their helping this book cann’t finish, Iam sorry I cannot write their name. 4. To all Postal , Picture and Historian collector, this the interesting and informatif historic collections book special for you,espescially the web blog premium emember.also the Indonesian young generation. Kepada seluruh kolektor postal history dan dokumen sejarah, buku ini ini khusus buat anda semoga ada manfaaatnya terutama kepada generasi Muda Indonesia. Jakarta April 2011. Dr Iwan Suwandy PS. THIS ADD SPECIAL FOR MY PREMIUM MEMBER MR Ir M.F.Hartkamp. the end @copryright Dr Iwan suwandy DrIWAN MYSTERY CYBERMUSEUM

The value Of Vietnam Indochina Coins(Harga Koin Vietnam) June 2, 2011June 2, 2011

iwansuwandy

Leave a comment

MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA DR IWAN S.

Dr IWAN ‘S CYBERMUSEUM THE FIRST INDONESIAN CYBERMUSEUM MUSEUM DUNIA MAYA PERTAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES UNTUK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT MURI PENDIRI DAN PENEMU IDE THE FOUNDER Dr IWAN SUWANDY, MHA



(http://driwancybermuseum.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/iwan1974newiwan1.jpg)

WELCOME TO THE MAIN HALL OF FREEDOM SELAMAT DATANG DI GEDUNG UTAMA “MERDEKA

The Driwan’s Cybermuseum



(Museum Duniamaya Dr Iwan)

Showroom :

Dr Iwan rare Book Cybermuseum

Showcase: THE vietnam numismatic INVESTATION VALUE CREATION Dr IWAN S FROM RECENT COIN’S AUCTION BOOKS Private limited e-book special for collectors Jakarta @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010 PREFRACE . I hope this information will useable for the collectors or the writer as the basic info for their collections or for writing book and research book. I will add the sample in my internet blog iwansuwandy.wordpress.com and if someone need more info please asked via comment. Jakarta June 2011 The Author Dr IWAN S. _______________________________________________________________ CHAPTER ONE





Price

Time Left (http://coins.shop.ebay.com/Vietnam-/162155/i.html? _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_s



NORTH VIETNAM FIRST COIN ALUMINUM 20 XU 1945 VERY FINE (http://cgi.ebay.com/NORTH-VIETNAM-FIRSTCOIN-ALUMINUM-20-XU-1945-VERY-FINE-/180532180293? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a088e7545)



0 BidsBuy It Now

$90.00$110.00

Time left:11h 57m















2 – 1 DONG COINS..SOUTH VIETNAM..2 TYPES..1964 & 1971 (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-1-DONG-COINS-SOUTH-VIETNAM-2TYPES-1964-1971-/350374507371?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193f2b36b)



Buy It Now



VIETNAM FOREIGN EXCHANGE CERTIFICATE FX3 PLATE AE / UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-FOREIGN-EXCHANGECERTIFICATE-FX3-PLATE-AE-UNC-/180532181687?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a088e7ab7)



0 Bids

$20.00

Time left:12h 1m



VIETNAM FOREIGN EXCHANGE CERTIFICATE FX5 PLATE AB / AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-FOREIGN-EXCHANGECERTIFICATE-FX5-PLATE-AB-AU-/180532184558?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a088e85ee)



0 Bids

$20.00

Time left:12h 6m



VIETNAM 200 NEW 2003 FLOWER TREE UNC COIN Free Ship (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-200-NEW-2003-FLOWERTREE-UNC-COIN-Free-Ship-/400137165305?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2a0899f9)



FRENCH INDO CHINA ONE PIASTRE 1898 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-ONE-PIASTRE-1898-/130409411604? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5d01b414)





FRENCH INDO CHINA ONE PIASTRE 1909 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-ONE-PIASTRE-1909-/130409411722? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5d01b48a)





FRENCH FR INDO-CHINA KM17.1 1924A SILVER 20 CENT COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-FR-INDO-CHINA-KM17-11924A-SILVER-20-CENT-COIN-/250667943892?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cf947d4)



1968 Vietnam 20 Dong coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1968-Vietnam-20-Dong-coin-/270606705662? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f016aa3fe)



1966 Vietnam 5 Dong coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1966-Vietnam-5-Dong-coin-/270606706342? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f016aa6a6)



1 dong 1971 FAO Vietnam (http://cgi.ebay.com/1-dong-1971-FAO-Vietnam-/300445828818? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f3f786d2)



French Indo-China 1/4 cent 1943 KEY DATE high CV [7583] (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-4-cent-1943-KEY-DATEhigh-CV-7583-/350374255438?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193eedb4e)



VIETNAM 20 DONG 1968 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-20-DONG-1968-/230498364956? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35aac5ee1c)



1 Bid

$0.99

Time left:15h 19m



* FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1900, 10 CENTS SILVER * (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1900-10-CENTS-SILVER/350373986203?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193eabf9b)Enlarge (;)



0 Bids

$7.99

Time left:15h 20m



VIETNAM SOUTH 1953 10 SU BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-SOUTH-1953-10-SU-BU-/150467935423? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2308967cbf)



VIETNAM 10DONG 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10DONG-1964-/110558839817? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd20409)



VIETNAM 20DONG 1968 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-20DONG-1968-/110558841487? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd20a8f)



VIET NAM NORTH 1958 5 XU UNCIRCULATED (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-NORTH-1958-5-XU-UNCIRCULATED/160456610400?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255bf59260)



VIETNAM 5DONG 1966 UNC? (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-5DONG-1966-UNC-/110558843143? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd21107)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:16h 4m



VIETNAM 10 DONG 1974 UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10-DONG-1974-UNC-/110558844636? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd216dc)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:16h 7m



VIETNAM 1 DONG 1960& 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1-DONG-1960-1964-/110558845895? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd21bc7)



FRENCH INDO-CHINA VIETNAM 20 CENT 1921 SILVER – NICE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-VIETNAM20-CENT-1921-SILVER-NICE-/330451654334?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4cf07416be)



VIETNAM 1 DONG 1960 UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1-DONG-1960-UNC-/110558847377? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd22191)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:16h 13m



VIETNAM 50 DONG 1963 UNC- BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-50-DONG-1963-UNC-BU-/110558849358? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd2294e)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:16h 17m



2 COINS from VIETNAM – 200 & 1000 DONG (BOTH 2003) (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-COINS-VIETNAM-200-1000-DONG-BOTH2003-/350373748053?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193e71d55)



SOUTH VIETNAM COIN SET of years from 1953 – 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-COIN-SET-years-1953-1964/110558851463?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bdd23187)



$1.75

Buy It Now



$1.99Free shipping

Time left:5d 8h 25m

0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:12h 44m

0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:12h 44m

Buy It Now

$20.00

0 Bids



0 Bids

Time left:13h 9m

$1.75Free shipping

Time left:13h 10m

$0.99

Buy It Now



Time left:25d 16h 16m

$2.50

0 BidsBuy It Now



Time left:16h 10m

$14.90

Buy It Now



Time left:26d 10h 6m

$0.99

Buy It Now



Time left:16h 1m

$11.99

0 Bids



Time left:15h 57m

$0.99

Buy It Now



Time left:26d 11h 9m

$0.79

0 Bids



Time left:26d 22h 32m

$3.99

0 Bids

Time left:14h 54m

$6.50

Buy It Now

Time left:28d 7h 41m

$2.25

0 Bids



Time left:28d 10h 8m

Time left:24d 13h 3m

$14.75$16.50

Time left:16h 21m

Free shipping



SOUTH VIET-NAM COMPLETE COIN SET UP TO 1963 6 PCS (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIET-NAM-COMPLETE-COIN-SETUP-1963-6-PCS-/390218051552?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5adaceefe0)

0 Bids



2 COINS from SOUTH VIETNAM – 1964 1 DONG & 1963 50 XU (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-COINS-SOUTH-VIETNAM-1964-1DONG-1963-50-XU-/350373748045?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193e71d4d)



* FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1907, PIASTRE SILVER * (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1907-PIASTRE-SILVER/350374023495?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193eb5147)Enlarge (;)



1 Bid

$19.99

Time left:18h 30m



10 CENT COIN-CAN THO AIRFIELD-VIET NAM (http://cgi.ebay.com/10-CENT-COIN-CAN-THO-AIRFIELD-VIET-NAM/230498463757?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35aac7700d)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:20h 52m



681 WHEAT PENNIES (http://cgi.ebay.com/681-WHEAT-PENNIES-/230498464971? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35aac774cb)



0 Bids

$8.00

Time left:20h 58m



VIET-NAM (NORTH) 1946 1 DONG CHOICE UNCIRCULATED (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-NORTH-1946-1-DONGCHOICE-UNCIRCULATED-/230498530905?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35aac87659)

$175.00

Time left:24d 1h 17m



FR INDO-CHINA 1941 CENT CHOICE ALMOST UNC KM-24.3 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FR-INDO-CHINA-1941-CENT-CHOICEALMOST-UNC-KM-24-3-/380250531933?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5888b2a85d)



2 Bids

$0.99

Time left:21h 36m



1946 North Viernam Coin 2 Dong Rare. ChuTich Ho Chi Mi (http://cgi.ebay.com/1946-North-Viernam-Coin-2-Dong-Rare-ChuTich-HoChi-Mi-/270606980658?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item3f016ed632)



0 Bids

$5.99

Time left:23h 49m



VIETNAM 10 SU 1953 Coin # 5718 Bargain Bin 3 Women (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10-SU-1953-Coin-5718-Bargain-Bin-3Women-/380250392846?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5888b0890e)



Buy It Now

$1.00

Time left:12h 33m



Tomcoins-3xVietnam Dong Khanh Thong Bao cash coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-3xVietnam-Dong-Khanh-Thong-Bao-cash-coins/260634697454?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caf09deee)



0 Bids

$9.99

Time left:23h 54m



Tomcoins-9xVietnam Milled coins Khai Dinh ThongBao (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-9xVietnam-Milled-coins-Khai-Dinh-ThongBao/260634697608?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caf09df88)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:23h 55m



French Indochina 1938 Cent, Red Uncirculated (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochina-1938-Cent-Red-Uncirculated-/330450687405? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4cf06555ad)



Tomcoins-6xVietnam Minh Mang TB Zinc coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-6xVietnam-Minh-Mang-TB-Zinc-coins-/250665686399? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cd6d57f)



0 Bids

$3.00

Time left:1d 0h 2m



Tomcoins-6xVietnam Tu Duc TB Zinc coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-6xVietnam-Tu-Duc-TB-Zinc-coins-/250665686994? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cd6d7d2)



0 Bids

$3.00

Time left:1d 0h 4m



Tomcoins-6xVietnam Hong Duc Thong Bao cash coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-6xVietnam-Hong-Duc-Thong-Bao-cash-coins/250665688762?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cd6deba)



1964 (UNC) Viet Nam 1-Dong Coin – KM#7 (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-UNC-Viet-Nam-1-Dong-Coin-KM-7-/270605843598? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f015d7c8e)



Tomcoins-3xVietnam Dong Khanh Thong Bao cash coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tomcoins-3xVietnam-Dong-Khanh-Thong-Bao-cashcoins-/250665696367?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cd6fc6f)



1939 Indo chine Francaise 20 Cents Coin. (http://cgi.ebay.com/1939-Indo-chine-Francaise-20-Cents-Coin-/170514965303? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27b37be337)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:1d 13h 11m



2003 VIETNAM 500 DONG Almost Uncirculated (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-VIETNAM-500-DONG-Almost-Uncirculated/320559369929?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa2d3cec9)



Buy It Now

$1.00

Time left:20d 7h 54m



1940&1941S Indo chine Francaise 10 Cents 2 Coins. (http://cgi.ebay.com/1940-1941S-Indo-chine-Francaise-10-Cents-2-Coins/170514965840?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27b37be550)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:1d 13h 12m



South Viet Nam OneDong Coin 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/South-Viet-Nam-OneDong-Coin-1964-/130409900790? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5d092af6)



0 Bids

$0.79

Time left:1d 13h 44m



VIETNAM 100 Dong 1989 Silver Proof Soccer Italy (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-100-Dong-1989-Silver-Proof-Soccer-Italy/160144364570?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item254959141a)



Nguyen Dynasty Annam Emperors’ Gold & Jade Seals Book (http://cgi.ebay.com/Nguyen-Dynasty-Annam-Emperors-Gold-Jade-SealsBook-/330451247269?cmd=ViewItem&pt=Asian_Antiques&hash=item4cf06de0a5)VietNam Dai Viet Sigillography – Indochine Indochina



$2.95

Buy It Now



$2.50

Buy It Now



Buy It Now



Time left:1d 0h 10m

$2.25

0 Bids



Time left:22d 23h 50m

$3.00

Buy It Now

Time left:24d 13h 3m

$10.00Free shipping

0 Bids



Time left:17h 43m

Time left:1d 18h 15m

$9.00

Buy It Now

Time left:1d 0h 36m

$45.00



0 Bids

$125.00



0 Bids

$9.99Free shipping

Time left:8h 43m Time left:1d 15h 39m



Vietnam Coins & Currency Lot 1950’s-1991 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Coins-Currency-Lot-1950s-1991-/120595785933? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c1411a8cd)

Time left:1d 21h 7m

________________________________________________________ CHAPTER TWO



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:1d 23h 47m



FRENCH INDOCHINA – PIASTRE – 1922 H – LUSTROUS UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDOCHINA-PIASTRE-1922-HLUSTROUS-UNC-/260622360560?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae4d9ff0)



Buy It Now



LOT OF 10 FRENCH INDOCHINA -10 cents – VERY NICE – RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/LOT-10-FRENCH-INDOCHINA-10cents-VERY-NICE-RARE-/200495763064?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae7a8e78)



0 Bids

$8.99

Time left:2d 2h 56m



Vietnam 2 Dong 1946 Coin Ho Chi Minh – VERY NICE -RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2-Dong-1946-Coin-Ho-Chi-Minh-VERYNICE-RARE-/200495763475?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae7a9013)



1 Bid

$7.99

Time left:2d 2h 57m



1946 “HO CHI MINH 2 DONG CHOICE BROWN COIN! SCARCE! SEE (http://cgi.ebay.com/1946-HO-CHI-MINH-2-DONGCHOICE-BROWN-COIN-SCARCE-SEE-/110549274241?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bd400e81)



An Nan Coin shun tian da bao Rev /2.6cm (http://cgi.ebay.com/Nan-Coin-shun-tian-da-bao-Rev-2-6cm-/320562434522? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa30291da)



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1908 XF/AU #5 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1908-XF-AU-5-/270607644176? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f610)





French Indo China 1 Piastre 1910 RARE in this condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1910-RARE-condition/270607644273?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f671)





$180.00

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$95.88Free shipping

Time left:2d 9h 18m

0 Bids

$19.99

Time left:2d 12h 13m



0 Bids

$79.99

Time left:2d 12h 13m

Vietnam 1 Dong 1946 Coin/ Ho Chi Minh (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-1-Dong-1946-Coin-Ho-Chi-Minh-/350344022845? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5192218b3d)



Buy It Now

$7.00

Time left:1d 11h 11m



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1926 XF/AU #6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1926-XF-AU-6-/270607644383? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f6df)



0 Bids

$29.99

Time left:2d 12h 13m



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1926 XF/AU #7 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1926-XF-AU-7-/270607644492? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f74c)



0 Bids

$29.99

Time left:2d 12h 14m



FRENCH INDO CHINA 1938 – 1939 5 CENTS VIETNAM COIN NICE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1938-19395-CENTS-VIETNAM-COIN-NICE-/230465032929?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a8c952e1)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$4.98

Time left:1d 12h 11m



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1946 Security Edge RARE #1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1946-Security-Edge-RARE1-/270607644571?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f79b)



0 Bids

$5.00

Time left:2d 12h 14m



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1946 Security Edge RARE #2 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1946-Security-Edge-RARE2-/270607644639?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f7df)



0 Bids

$9.99

Time left:2d 12h 14m



1894 French Indo China 1C AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/1894-French-Indo-China-1C-AU-/390109579979? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad457cacb)

$115.00Free shipping

Time left:1d 17h 19m



French Indo China 1 Piastre 1947 BU #3 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-1947-BU-3-/270607644740? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f0178f844)



French Indo-China 1937a Seated Liberty Ag 20C Good AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1937a-Seated-Liberty-Ag-20C-GoodAU-/110560040283?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bde4555b)





1928 French Indochina Silver 20 Centimes XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/1928-French-Indochina-Silver-20-Centimes-XF-/350374241791? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193eea5ff)





RFM 20369 Oriental Coins Annam Vietnam Cash 19th Centur (http://cgi.ebay.com/RFM-20369-Oriental-Coins-Annam-Vietnam-Cash19th-Centur-/400104735460?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2819c2e4)



1873 France Silver 5 Francs VF (http://cgi.ebay.com/1873-France-Silver-5-Francs-VF-/350374241889? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193eea661)



1964 Vietnam 1 DONG Viet Nam Coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-Vietnam-1-DONG-Viet-Nam-Coin-/120596565823? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c141d8f3f)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:3d 21h 53m



RFM 20372 Oriental Coins Annam Vietnam Cash 1414-1428 A (http://cgi.ebay.com/RFM-20372-Oriental-Coins-Annam-Vietnam-Cash1414-1428-/400104735496?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2819c308)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$6.00

Time left:1d 17h 41m



North Viet Nam XU 1958 Uncirculated Spotted (http://cgi.ebay.com/North-Viet-Nam-XU-1958-Uncirculated-Spotted-/200496563583? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae86c57f)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:3d 22h 26m



Yugoslavia 5000 Dinara Note (http://cgi.ebay.com/Yugoslavia-5000-Dinara-Note-/120596600341? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c141e1615)



Vietnam – 1968 20 Dong – KM10 – UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-1968-20-Dong-KM10-UNC-Condition/170476246173?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27b12d149d)



10 DONG, VIET-NAM 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/10-DONG-VIET-NAM-1964-/130411535973? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5d221e65)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:4d 8h 32m



2 VIETNAM COINS – 5 XU , 2 XU 1958 – MUST HAVE (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-VIETNAM-COINS-5-XU-2-XU-1958-MUSTHAVE-/200496733241?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae895c39)



0 Bids

$0.01

Time left:4d 9h 46m



1964: Viet-Nam; 10 Dong, (1), Lot #4901 (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-Viet-Nam-10-Dong-1-Lot-4901-/180534134740? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a08ac47d4)



VIETNAM 200 DONG NEW 2003 FLOWER TREE UNC COIN 1000 PCS (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-200-DONG-NEW-2003FLOWER-TREE-UNC-COIN-1000-PCS-/3942351301?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=itemeafb81c5)



Buy It Now

$199.99

Time left:2d 0h 30m



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 5 CENTS 1939 EXTRA FINE COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-VIETNAM5-CENTS-1939-EXTRA-FINE-COIN-/360281819268?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2784884)



0 Bids

$4.99

Time left:4d 18h 9m



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 5 CENTS 1937 EXTRA FINE COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-5-CENTS-1937-EXTRA-FINE-COIN-/360281822398? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e27854be)



1946 VIETNAM 1 DONG & 5 HAO PAIR HO CHI MIN VF/+ (http://cgi.ebay.com/1946-VIETNAM-1-DONG-5-HAO-PAIR-HOCHI-MIN-VF-/120573218903?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c12b95057)



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1/2 CENT 1938 EXTRA FINE COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1-2-CENT-1938-EXTRA-FINE-COIN-/260636534928? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caf25e890)



French Cochin-Chine Vietnam 1879A 2 Sapeque KM 2 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Cochin-Chine-Vietnam-1879A-2-Sapeque-KM-2/200497126781?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f5d7d)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:5d 9h 58m



Tonkin, 1/600 Piastre 1905, viet nam, france (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tonkin-1-600-Piastre-1905-viet-nam-france-/300439595165? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f398689d)



Buy It Now

$80.00

Time left:2d 9h 56m



French Indochine Vietnam 1887A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1887A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497128167?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f62e7)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:5d 10h 3m



French Indochine Vietnam 1888A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1888A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497130074?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f6a5a)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:5d 10h 10m



French Indochine Vietnam 1892A 2 Sapeque KM 6 Key Date (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1892A-2-Sapeque-KM-6Key-Date-/200497131315?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f6f33)



0 Bids

$30.00

Time left:5d 10h 14m



Viet Nam, 1 Dong 1946 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-1-Dong-1946-/300439595261? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f39868fd)



French Indochine Vietnam 1893A 2 Sapeque KM 6 Key Date (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1893A-2-Sapeque-KM-6Key-Date-/200497131941?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f71a5)



0 Bids

$30.00

Time left:5d 10h 16m



French Indochine Vietnam 1894A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1894A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497133958?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f7986)



0 Bids

$7.00

Time left:5d 10h 19m



Viet Nam, 100 Dong 1986, soccer, UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-100-Dong-1986-soccer-UNC-/300439595272? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f3986908)



French Indochine Vietnam 1897A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1897A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497134700?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f7c6c)



0 Bids

$7.00

Time left:5d 10h 21m



French Indochine Vietnam 1898A 2 Sapeque KM 6 Key Date (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1898A-2-Sapeque-KM-6Key-Date-/200497135970?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f8162)



0 Bids

$40.00

Time left:5d 10h 25m



VIETNAM 1958 1 XU BU ALUMINIUM (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1958-1-XU-BU-ALUMINIUM-/220385969902? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item33500706ee)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$7.99

Time left:2d 10h 19m



French Indochine Vietnam 1899A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1899A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497136662?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f8416)



0 Bids

$5.00

Time left:5d 10h 28m



French Indochine Vietnam 1900A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1900A-2-SapequeKM-6-/200497137152? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f8600) Price







0 Bids

Time left:23h 35m

$9.99





Time left:11h 46m



Buy It Now

0 Bids





0 Bids

$8.00

Time left:3d 7h 16m

0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:3d 21h 8m

$12.00

0 Bids



Time left:4d 18h 31m

$14.99

0 Bids

Time left:2d 3h 43m

$3.99

Buy It Now



Time left:4d 17h 30m

$4.99

Buy It Now



Time left:1d 22h 57m

$0.99

0 Bids



Time left:4d 0h 14m

$5.99

0 Bids



Time left:3d 21h 9m

$12.95Free shipping

Buy It Now



Time left:1d 17h 40m

$19.99

0 Bids

0 Bids

Time left:2d 12h 14m

Buy It Now or Best Offer





$14.99

Time left:4d 18h 34m

$70.00

Buy It Now

Time left:2d 9h 57m

$40.00

Time left:2d 9h 57m

$7.00

Time Left (http://coins.shop.ebay.com/Vietnam-/162155/i.html? _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_sop=1&_trksid=p3286.c0.m14)

French Indochine Vietnam 1901A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1901A-2-SapequeKM-6-/200497137759? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f885f)



0 Bids

$5.00











VIETNAM 1975 2 XU BU VERY SCARCE (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1975-2-XU-BU-VERY-SCARCE-/220385974293? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3350071815)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$19.99

Time left:2d 10h 22m



French Indochine Vietnam 1902A 2 Sapeque KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochine-Vietnam-1902A-2-Sapeque-KM-6/200497138264?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8f8a58)



0 Bids

$7.00

Time left:5d 10h 32m



Indochina Vietnam 1896A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1896A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497161249? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8fe421)



0 Bids

$6.99

Time left:5d 11h 42m



VIETNAM 1975 5 XU UNC VERY SCARCE (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1975-5-XU-UNC-VERY-SCARCE-/220385977832? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item33500725e8)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$21.99

Time left:2d 10h 26m



Indochina Vietnam 1897A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1897A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497161794? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8fe642)



0 Bids

$6.99

Time left:5d 11h 44m



Indochina Vietnam 1898A Cent Large Size AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1898A-Cent-Large-Size-AU-/200497163295? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8fec1f)



0 Bids

$6.99

Time left:5d 11h 48m



VIETNAM 1976 5 HAO UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1976-5-HAO-UNC-/220385983522? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3350073c22)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$11.99

Time left:2d 10h 38m



Indochina Vietnam 1899A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1899A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497163841? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8fee41)



0 Bids

$6.99

Time left:5d 11h 50m



Indochina Vietnam 1900A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1900A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497164453? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8ff0a5)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 11h 52m



Indochina Vietnam 1901A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1901A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497165102? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8ff32e)



0 Bids

$4.99

Time left:5d 11h 54m



Indochina Vietnam 1923A 1 Cent Brilliant RED UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1923A-1-Cent-Brilliant-RED-UNC/200464192733?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eac98d4dd)



Indochina Vietnam 1902A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1902A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497165572? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8ff504)



0 Bids

$4.99

Time left:5d 11h 55m



Indochina Vietnam 1903A Cent Large Size (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1903A-Cent-Large-Size-/200497166121? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8ff729)



0 Bids

$4.99

Time left:5d 11h 57m



Indochina Vietnam 1931A 1 Cent Wing Privy Mark Key date (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1931A-1-Cent-Wing-Privy-MarkKey-date-/200464195726?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eac98e08e)



Buy It Now

$160.00

Time left:2d 11h 14m



Indochina Vietnam 1906A Cent Large Size AU Key Date (http://cgi.ebay.com/Indochina-Vietnam-1906A-Cent-Large-Size-AU-KeyDate-/200497166803?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae8ff9d3)



0 Bids

$19.99

Time left:5d 11h 59m



Vietnam – 50 Su 1960 – Lot I58 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-50-Su-1960-Lot-I58-/370409343412? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563e1e09b4)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 12h 27m



Tonkin Viet Nam 1/600 Piastre 1905 Rare AU Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tonkin-Viet-Nam-1-600-Piastre-1905-Rare-AUCondition-/160372411166?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2556f0cb1e)

$125.00Free shipping

Time left:2d 16h 56m



Vietnam – 20 Dong 1968 – Lot I58 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-20-Dong-1968-Lot-I58-/370409343423? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563e1e09bf)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 12h 27m



Vietnam – 5 Dong 1966 – Lot I67 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-5-Dong-1966-Lot-I67-/160457413217? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255c01d261)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 12h 31m



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1 PIASTRE 1900 XF SILVER COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1-PIASTRE-1900-XF-SILVER-COIN-/360281982757? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e27ac725)



0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:5d 12h 37m



1921 FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1 CENT- W/O Mint Mark- AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/1921-FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1-CENT-W-O-MintMark-AU-/380244831836?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58885bae5c)



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1 PIASTRE 1913 XF SILVER COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1-PIASTRE-1913-XF-SILVER-COIN-/260636845714? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caf2aa692)



0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:5d 12h 41m



Vietnam – 10 Dong 1964 – Lot I67 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-10-Dong-1964-Lot-I67-/160457416603? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255c01df9b)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 12h 42m



1945/46 VIETNAM COMMUNIST STATE 4Pcs SET HIGH GRADE! (http://cgi.ebay.com/1945-46-VIETNAM-COMMUNISTSTATE-4Pcs-SET-HIGH-GRADE-/220594467376?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335c747230)



Vietnam – 10 Dong 1968 – Lot I67 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-10-Dong-1968-Lot-I67-/160457416627? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255c01dfb3)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 12h 42m



VIET NAM – 1 DONG 1960 *UNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-1-DONG-1960-UNC-/250668015221? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa5e75)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 37m



North Vietnam 20 xu 1945 KM# 1 – Super rare (http://cgi.ebay.com/North-Vietnam-20-xu-1945-KM-1-Super-rare-/320521887681? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa097dfc1)



VIET NAM – 20 DONG 1968 *UNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-20-DONG-1968-UNC-/250668015397? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa5f25)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 39m



VIET NAM – 20 SU 1953 *UNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-20-SU-1953-UNC-/250668015522? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa5fa2)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 41m



VIET NAM – 5 XU 1958 *AUNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-5-XU-1958-AUNC-/250668015296? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa5ec0)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 43m



SOUTH VIETNAM – 3 DIF COINS SET: 10 SU – 10 DONG 1974 Y (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-3-DIF-COINS-SET10-SU-10-DONG-1974-Y-/320552491933?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa26adb9d)



Buy It Now

$2.95

Time left:3d 16h 19m



VIET NAM – 50 SU 1960 *UNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-50-SU-1960-UNC-/250668015681? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa6041)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 45m



VIET NAM – 50 XU 1963 *UNC* (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-50-XU-1963-UNC-/250668015820? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5cfa60cc)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 17h 47m



1953 Vietnam 10 Su Coin F (http://cgi.ebay.com/1953-Vietnam-10-Su-Coin-F-/190304163844? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c4f031804)



Buy It Now

$9.95

Time left:3d 16h 35m



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1 PIASTRE 1913 XF SILVER COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1-PIASTRE-1913-XF-SILVER-COIN-/260636985818?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caf2cc9da)



0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:5d 17h 51m



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1 PIASTRE 1947 XF REEDED COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1-PIASTRE-1947-XF-REEDED-COIN-/360282070992? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e27c1fd0)



0 Bids

$4.99

Time left:5d 17h 55m



1802 Vietnam 1 Phan Coin G (http://cgi.ebay.com/1802-Vietnam-1-Phan-Coin-G-/190304163903? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c4f03183f)



Buy It Now

$9.95

Time left:3d 16h 35m



2 coin lot from vietnam 500,5000 dong 2003 (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-coin-lot-vietnam-500-5000-dong-2003-/220638944042? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335f1b1b2a)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 19h 29m



SOUTH VIETNAM 1 AND 10 DONG 1971 &1974 F.A.O. UNC. (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-1-AND-10-DONG-19711974-F-A-O-UNC-/290455269734?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item43a07bb166)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 20h 49m



1964 Vietnam 10 Dong f (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-Vietnam-10-Dong-f-/350374641052? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193f4bd9c)



0 Bids

$0.99

Time left:5d 23h 36m



VIET NAM ANNAM 1 PHAN 26 mm, NICE FREE SHIP (m4r320) (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-ANNAM-1-PHAN-26-mmNICE-FREE-SHIP-m4r320-/230392340772?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a4742124)

$14.95Free shipping

Time left:3d 22h 27m



1966 Vietnam 5 Dong f (http://cgi.ebay.com/1966-Vietnam-5-Dong-f-/350374641269? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193f4be75)

$0.99

Time left:5d 23h 37m



Annam/ 1428-1433 Thuan Thien Nguyen Bao x 2 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1428-1433-Thuan-Thien-Nguyen-Bao-x-2/200497404306?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939992)



FRENCH INDO-CHINA1913A Copper Cent. KM12.1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA1913A-Copper-Cent-KM12-1/260419218208?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3ca231eb20)



Annam/ 1434-1440 Thieu Binh Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1434-1440-Thieu-Binh-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497404707? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939b23)



Annam/ 1443-1454 Dai Hoa Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1443-1454-Dai-Hoa-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497404946? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939c12)



Viet Nam 2002 Horse 3Pc Silver Proof Set (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-2002-Horse-3Pc-Silver-Proof-Set-/290418041714? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item439e43a372)



Annam/ 1453-1460 Duyen Ninh Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1453-1460-Duyen-Ninh-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497405101? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939cad)





Annam/ 1459 Thien Hung Thong Bao x 2 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1459Thien-Hung-Thong-Bao-x-2-/200497405254? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939d46) Price









Buy It Now



Buy It Now



Buy It Now





Time left:3d 4h 54m

$39.99

Buy It Now 0 Bids

Time left:2d 18h 1m

$285.00

Buy It Now



Time left:2d 11h 1m

$205.95

Buy It Now





$250.00

Time left:3d 8h 59m

0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 17m

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$15.00Free shipping

Time left:4d 6h 19m



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 19m



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 20m

$220.00Free shipping

Time left:4d 9h 48m

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 21m





Buy It Now

0 Bids

0 Bids

$9.00

Time Left (http://coins.shop.ebay.com/Vietnam-/162155/i.html? _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_sop=1&_trksid=p3286.c0.m14)

Annam/ 1460-1469 Quang Thuan Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1460-1469-Quang-Thuan-Thong-Baox-10-/190420121682? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec7852)







0 Bids







$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 22m







Vietnam – 2003 200 Dong – KM71 – UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2003-200-Dong-KM71-UNC-Condition/180473381736?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a050d4368)



Buy It Now



Annam/ 1470-1497 Hong Duc Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1470-1497-Hong-Duc-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497405525? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939e55)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 23m



Annam/ 1498-1503 Canh Thong Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1498-1503-Canh-Thong-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497405715? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae939f13)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 24m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM)1894-A1 PIASTRE SILVR (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDOCHINA-VIETNAM-1894-A1-PIASTRE-SILVR-/180524736360?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a081cdf68)

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$75.05

Time left:4d 22h 51m



Annam/ 1505-1510 Doan Khanh Thong Bao x 2 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1505-1510-Doan-Khanh-Thong-Bao-x-2-/190420122536? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec7ba8)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 26m



Annam/ 1509-1516 Hong Thuan Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1509-1516-Hong-Thuan-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497406148? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a0c4)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 27m



Uncertified Silver Piastre French Indo China 1931 AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/Uncertified-Silver-Piastre-French-Indo-China-1931-AU/390048144573?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad0ae5cbd)

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$79.99

Time left:4d 23h 19m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-Thong-Bao-x-10-/200497406286? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a14e)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 28m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung Thong Bao x 10 (Seal) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-Thong-Bao-x-10-Seal/200497406361?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a199)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 29m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung Cu Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-Cu-Bao-x-10-/190420123323? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec7ebb)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 30m



Uncertified Silver Piastre French Indo China 1931 netEF (http://cgi.ebay.com/Uncertified-Silver-Piastre-French-Indo-China-1931-netEF/390048145522?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad0ae6072)

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$69.99

Time left:4d 23h 25m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung TB x 5 (Jin on rev.) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-TB-x-5-Jin-rev-/190420123522? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec7f82)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 31m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung TB x 5 (Kung on rev.) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-TB-x-5-Kung-rev/200497406774?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a336)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 31m



Uncertified Silver 20c French Indo China 1928 AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/Uncertified-Silver-20c-French-Indo-China-1928-AU/390048146607?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad0ae64af)

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$99.99

Time left:4d 23h 33m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung TB x 5 (Zhong on top) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-TB-x-5-Zhong-top/200497406913?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a3c1)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 32m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung TB x 5 (Zhong below) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-TB-x-5-Zhong-below/190420124151?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec81f7)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 33m



VIETNAM 1976 2 HAO UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1976-2-HAO-UNC-/220387741720? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3350221018)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$9.99

Time left:5d 8h 55m



Annam/ 1740-1787 Canh Hung TB x 5 (Shan-si on rev.) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1740-1787-Canh-Hung-TB-x-5-Shan-si-rev/190420124342?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec82b6)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 34m



Annam/ 1786-1789 Chieu Thong TB x 6 (Zheng on rev.) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1786-1789-Chieu-Thong-TB-x-6-Zheng-rev/190420124574?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec839e)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 35m



Annam/ 1786-1789 Chieu Thong TB x 5 (Zhong on rev.) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1786-1789-Chieu-Thong-TB-x-5-Zhong-rev/190420124738?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8442)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 36m



1971 South Vietnam 1 Dong UNC Coin RICE KM 12 FAO issue (http://cgi.ebay.com/1971-South-Vietnam-1-Dong-UNC-Coin-RICEKM-12-FAO-issue-/360275414761?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2168ee9)



Annam/ 1820-1840 Minh Mang Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1820-1840-Minh-Mang-Thong-Bao-x-10-/190420124935? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8507)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 37m



Annam/ 1841-1847 Thieu Tri Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1841-1847-Thieu-Tri-Thong-Bao-x-10-/190420125116? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec85bc)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 38m



1968 South Vietnam 20 Dong, BU, KM 11, NICE! (http://cgi.ebay.com/1968-South-Vietnam-20-Dong-BU-KM-11-NICE/140394565098?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20b02b0dea)

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$11.99

Time left:5d 19h 29m



Annam/ 1848-1883 Tu Duc Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1848-1883-Tu-Duc-Thong-Bao-x-10-/190420125534? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec875e)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 39m



Annam/ 1889-1907 Thanh Thai TB 10 Cash x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1889-1907-Thanh-Thai-TB-10-Cash-x-10-/200497408130? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a882)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 41m



Lot of 6 Different World Coins Vietnam 1974-2003 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Lot-6-Different-World-Coins-Vietnam-1974-2003/370386731753?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563cc502e9)



Annam/ 1916-1925 Khai Dinh Thong Bao x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1916-1925-Khai-Dinh-Thong-Bao-x-10-/190420126052? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8964)



1 Bid

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 42m



Annam/ Nguyen Phong Thong Bao (Trade Coin) x 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-Nguyen-Phong-Thong-Bao-Trade-Coin-x-10/200497408378?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93a97a)



0 Bids

$9.00

Time left:6d 1h 43m



Annam/ Chinh Hao Thong Bao x 6 (Zinc) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-Chinh-Hao-Thong-Bao-x-6-Zinc-/190420126361? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8a99)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 44m



VIETNAM 10000 Dong 2002 Silver Proof Year of The Horse (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10000-Dong-2002-Silver-Proof-YearHorse-/390200913372?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad9c96ddc)

$85.00

Time left:5d 22h 52m



Annam/ 1738-65 Thien Minh Thong Bao x 10 (Zinc) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1738-65-Thien-Minh-Thong-Bao-x-10-Zinc/190420126661?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8bc5)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 45m



Annam/ 1813-1819 Gia Long Thong Bao 7 Cash x 6 (Zinc) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1813-1819-Gia-Long-Thong-Bao-7-Cash-x-6Zinc-/190420126859?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec8c8b)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 46m



2 pieces of French Indo-China 1/4 Cent Coins/ 1942&1943 (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-pieces-French-Indo-China-1-4-Cent-Coins-1942-1943/250604850195?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a59368c13)



Buy It Now

$3.75

Time left:6d 0h 31m



Annam/ 1820-1840 Minh Mang Thong Bao x 10 (Zinc) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1820-1840-Minh-Mang-Thong-Bao-x-10-Zinc/200497409837?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae93af2d)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 47m



Annam/ 1847-1883 Tu Duc Thong Bao x 8 (Zinc) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-1847-1883-Tu-Duc-Thong-Bao-x-8-Zinc-/190420127781? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2c55ec9025)



0 Bids

$6.00

Time left:6d 1h 48m



SOCIALIST in SOUTH VIETNAM 1 2 5 Xu 1975 3 Coins Set (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOCIALIST-SOUTH-VIETNAM-1-2-5-Xu-19753-Coins-Set-/390136043501?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad5eb97ed)



Buy It Now

$30.00

Time left:6d 3h 27m



13 OLD INDOCHINA coin – Collections Lot! (http://cgi.ebay.com/13-OLD-INDOCHINA-coin-Collections-Lot-/130411486385? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5d215cb1)



0 Bids

$15.00

Time left:6d 4h 50m



French Indo-China 1894A SeatedLiberty Silver 1P w/Chops (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1894A-SeatedLiberty-Silver-1P-wChops-/160457643117?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255c05546d)



0 Bids

$24.99

Time left:6d 5h 36m



French Indo-China 1886A Seated Liberty Silver 1 P Nice (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1886A-Seated-Liberty-Silver-1-P-Nice/160457643948?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255c0557ac)



0 Bids

$49.99

Time left:6d 5h 39m



French Indo-China 1 Piastre Coin/ 1946 Security Edge (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-Piastre-Coin-1946-Security-Edge/250554241669?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a56325285)



Buy It Now

$47.00

Time left:6d 5h 29m



VIETNAM 1946 FINE COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1946-FINE-COIN-/360282233456? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e27e9a70)



0 Bids

$2.99

Time left:6d 12h 10m



FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1 CENT 1895 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1-CENT-1895-/380252005356? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5888c923ec)



0 Bids

$9.99

Time left:6d 12h 36m



FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1943 AL1/2 CENT KM 20. GEM BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1943-AL1-2-CENTKM-20-GEM-BU-/260455812847?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3ca4604eef)



HI GRADE XF 1938 1/2 CENT FRENCH INDO CHINA VIET-NAM (http://cgi.ebay.com/HI-GRADE-XF-1938-1-2-CENTFRENCH-INDO-CHINA-VIET-NAM-/120597542017?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item1c142c7481)



0 Bids

$0.94

Time left:6d 13h 15m



SCARCE 1941 1 CENT FRENCH INDO CHINA WAR COIN- VIET-NAM (http://cgi.ebay.com/SCARCE-1941-1-CENT-FRENCHINDO-CHINA-WAR-COIN-VIET-NAM-/120597546535?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item1c142c8627)



0 Bids

$0.94

Time left:6d 13h 23m



FRENCH INDO-CHINA1943 AL1/2 CENT KM 20. GEM BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA1943-AL1-2-CENTKM-20-GEM-BU-/260455814065?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3ca46053b1)



HI GRADE BU 1963 50 XU SOUTH VIET-NAM MINTED DURING WAR (http://cgi.ebay.com/HI-GRADE-BU-1963-50-XUSOUTH-VIET-NAM-MINTED-DURING-WAR-/120597547962?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item1c142c8bba)



0 Bids

$0.94

Time left:6d 13h 26m



HI GRADE BU 1971 DONG SOUTH VIET-NAM MINTED DURING WAR (http://cgi.ebay.com/HI-GRADE-BU-1971-DONGSOUTH-VIET-NAM-MINTED-DURING-WAR-/120597550003?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item1c142c93b3)



0 Bids

$0.94

Time left:6d 13h 30m











$1.00

Buy It Now or Best Offer





$5.50

Buy It Now



Buy It Now or Best Offer



Time left:5d 11h 51m

$5.99Free shipping

Buy It Now



Time left:4d 21h 54m

Time left:5d 21h 0m

$12.00Free shipping

Buy It Now or Best Offer

Time left:6d 9h 30m

$12.00Free shipping

Time left:6d 9h 33m

_______________________________________________________ CHAPTER THREE

Price

Time Left (http://coins.shop.ebay.com/Vietnam-/162155/i.html? _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_sop=1&_trksid=p3286.c0.m14)









1974 VIETNAM, 10 DONG Coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1974-VIETNAM-10-DONGCoin-/300447664973? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f4138b4d)



0 Bids

$0.25

Time left:6d 16h 59m















FRENCH INDO-CHINA 1938 COPPER 1/2 CENT (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1938-COPPER-1-2-CENT/260455816205?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3ca4605c0d)



Buy It Now or Best Offer



Tonkin,1/600 Piastre 1905 KM1 XF++ (http://cgi.ebay.com/Tonkin-1-600-Piastre-1905-KM1-XF-/260576217760? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cab8d8aa0)



Buy It Now

$60.00

Time left:6d 10h 21m



104 – Vietnam 1 Hao 1976 KM# 11 AUNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/104-Vietnam-1-Hao-1976-KM-11-AUNC-/320538885693? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa19b3e3d)



Buy It Now

$5.99

Time left:6d 12h 31m



VIETNAM ANNAM 1848-83 PHAN VF CAST BRASS COINS (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-ANNAM-1848-83-PHAN-VFCAST-BRASS-COINS-/400131635509?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d29b43935)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$13.49

Time left:6d 16h 52m



1974 South Vietnam 10 Dong, BU, KM 13 Very nice! (http://cgi.ebay.com/1974-South-Vietnam-10-Dong-BU-KM-13-Very-nice/140394811961?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20b02ed239)



Buy It Now

$3.99

Time left:6d 17h 32m



1968 South Vietnam 20 Dong, BU, KM 11, NICE! (http://cgi.ebay.com/1968-South-Vietnam-20-Dong-BU-KM-11-NICE/140394819875?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20b02ef123)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$11.99

Time left:6d 18h 18m



VIETNAM 10000 Dong 2002 Silver Proof Colored Horse (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10000-Dong-2002-Silver-Proof-ColoredHorse-/400124945338?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d294e23ba)



Buy It Now

$99.00

Time left:6d 21h 51m



482 – North Vietnam 5 Xu 1975 KM# A10 XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/482-North-Vietnam-5-Xu-1975-KM-A10-XF-/320539176548? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa19fae64)



485 – South Vietnam 20 Dong 1968 KM# 10 XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/485-South-Vietnam-20-Dong-1968-KM-10-XF-/320539183519? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa19fc99f)



Buy It Now

$2.99

Time left:7d 0h 35m



Vietnam 2003 500 Dong – KM74 – UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2003-500-Dong-KM74-UNC-Condition/180461844164?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a045d36c4)



Buy It Now

$1.00

Time left:7d 1h 17m



VIETNAM 1988 1000 DONG PICK 106a UNC- SET OF 4 PIECES (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1988-1000-DONG-PICK-106aUNC-SET-4-PIECES-/200488094465?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae058b01)



French Indochina 1/4 cent 1942, KM#25, F-VF, high CV! * (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochina-1-4-cent-1942-KM-25-F-VF-high-CV/350370101375?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193af787f)



Annam Viet Nam Gia Long “Dot” cash 1801-1820 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Annam-Viet-Nam-Gia-Long-Dot-cash-1801-1820/370409860447?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563e25ed5f)



2003 Vietnam 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 Dong Coins Circ. (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-Vietnam-500-1000-2000-5000-Dong-Coins-Circ/400076059896?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d266434f8)



Vietnam, Hoang Tri Thong Bao coincident w Chinese issue (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Hoang-Tri-Thong-Bao-coincident-w-Chineseissue-/360276039101?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e22015bd)



BU 1937 French Indochina 5 Cents (http://cgi.ebay.com/BU-1937-French-Indochina-5-Cents-/220612930713? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335d8e2c99)



UNC 1937 French Indochina Silver 20 Cents (http://cgi.ebay.com/UNC-1937-French-Indochina-Silver-20-Cents-/320539600592? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa1a626d0)



Buy It Now

$12.00

Time left:7d 19h 15m



VIETNAM 100 Dong 1997 Silver UNICEF Child Water Buffalo (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-100-Dong-1997-Silver-UNICEFChild-Water-Buffalo-/390076682764?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad261d20c)



Buy It Now

$245.00

Time left:7d 21h 15m



Vietnam Vietamese 10 Dong Cong-hoa 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Vietamese-10-Dong-Cong-hoa-1964-/150279754282? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item22fd5f122a)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$2.99

Time left:7d 23h 14m



Dealer’s lot!Fr.Indo-Chine 194X’s 1/4 Cents!Unsearched! (http://cgi.ebay.com/Dealers-lot-Fr-Indo-Chine-194Xs-1-4-Cents-Unsearched/280513442525?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item414fe772dd)



French Indo – China 1947 Piastre Security edge K32.1=AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1947-Piastre-Security-edge-K32-1AU-/380210741486?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58865380ee)



1968 Vietnam 20 Dong Large Coin Farmer in Rice Paddy (http://cgi.ebay.com/1968-Vietnam-20-Dong-Large-Coin-Farmer-Rice-Paddy/220613272987?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335d93659b)



WHOLESALE LOT OF 15, SO. VIETNAM, , 50 SU,1960, BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/WHOLESALE-LOT-15-SO-VIETNAM-50-SU1960-BU-/390163188388?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad789caa4)





VIETNAM DONG 1976 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-DONG-1976-/110346289075? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19b126bfb3)





Vietnam Coins & Currency Lot 1940’s-1988 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Coins-Currency-Lot-1940s-1988-/120597745516? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c142f8f6c)



VIETNAM 500 DONG 2003 BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-500-DONG-2003-BU-/260626846469? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae921305)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$1.95

Time left:8d 21h 32m



VIETNAM 1000 DONG 2003 BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1000-DONG-2003-BU-/250657795404? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5c5e6d4c)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$1.85

Time left:8d 21h 34m



VIETNAM 5000 DONG 2003 BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-5000-DONG-2003-BU-/260626848133? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae921985)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$2.85

Time left:8d 21h 36m



VIETNAM 2000 DONG 2003 BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-2000-DONG-2003-BU-/260626848777? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae921c09)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$3.00

Time left:8d 21h 38m



VIETNAM 200 DONG 2003 BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-200-DONG-2003-BU-/250657797195? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5c5e744b)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$1.45

Time left:8d 21h 39m



VIETNAM 1953 10 SU UNCIRCULATED, KM #1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1953-10-SU-UNCIRCULATED-KM-1/350234886038?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518ba03f96)



Buy It Now

$2.00

Time left:9d 0h 22m



VIETNAM 1953 10 SU, 50 UNCIRCULATED PIECES, KM #1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1953-10-SU-50-UNCIRCULATEDPIECES-KM-1-/230363229209?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a2b7ec19)



Buy It Now

$95.00

Time left:9d 0h 25m



ANNAM NGUYEN DYNASTY GIA LONG SILVER LANG (TAEL) 1802 (http://cgi.ebay.com/ANNAM-NGUYEN-DYNASTYGIA-LONG-SILVER-LANG-TAEL-1802-/260626971871?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae93fcdf)



Buy It Now

$435.00

Time left:9d 4h 57m



(V. SCARCE) NORTH VIETNAM – 5 Hao – 1946 – UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/V-SCARCE-NORTH-VIETNAM-5-Hao-1946-UNC/260626971875?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cae93fce3)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$225.00

Time left:9d 4h 57m



VIETNAM XU 1958 UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-XU-1958-UNC-/110346542266? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19b12a9cba)

$10.00

Time left:9d 7h 8m



1964 VIETNAM ONE DONG COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-VIETNAM-ONE-DONG-COIN-/380238268293? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5887f78785)



VIETNAM 10 DONG 1996 UNC = WORLD FOOD SUMMIT= FAO ISSUE (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10-DONG-1996UNC-WORLD-FOOD-SUMMIT-FAO-ISSUE-/320456600778?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item4a9cb3acca)



Vietnam:France: French Indo China 1889A 1 Cent F/VF KM1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-France-French-Indo-China-1889A-1-Cent-FVF-KM1-/320562924432?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa30a0b90)Enlarge (;)



French Indo-china 1 Piastre 1888 A KM 5 XF- (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-china-1-Piastre-1888-KM-5-XF-/370300010898? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563799c192)



FRENCH INDO CHINA VIETNAM 1/2 CENT 1939 AU COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-VIETNAM-1-2CENT-1939-AU-COIN-/260627868226?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3caea1aa42)



VIETNAM NORTH NOTE 500 DONG 1988 UNC HO CHI MINH & DOCK (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-NORTH-NOTE500-DONG-1988-UNC-HO-CHI-MINH-DOCK-/380155198722? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item588303fd02)





VIETNAM NORTH NOTE UNC HO CHI MINH (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-NORTH-NOTE-UNC-HO-CHI-MINH/380155199183?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item588303fecf)





South Vietnam16 coins: ND (1975) 1 XU, KM#A8 Ave CH.AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/South-Vietnam16-coins-ND-1975-1-XU-KMA8-Ave-CH-AU-/160450595720?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255b99cb88)



Buy It Now

$75.00Free shipping

Time left:11d 0h 34m



South Vietnam: 5 XU, KM#A10, Ch. AU-UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/South-Vietnam-5-XU-KM-A10-Ch-AU-UNC-/380247181857? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58887f8a21)



Buy It Now

$22.50Free shipping

Time left:11d 0h 34m



VIET NAM 5 DONG. 1966. EXTREMELY FINE. (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-5-DONG-1966-EXTREMELY-FINE/380229541102?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5887725cee)



Buy It Now

$4.99Free shipping

Time left:11d 0h 41m



VIET NAM 1 DONG. 1964. EXTREMELY FINE. (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-1-DONG-1964-EXTREMELY-FINE/380229541295?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5887725daf)



Buy It Now

$4.99Free shipping

Time left:11d 0h 43m



French Indo-China: 20 Cent, 1901, XF Details, charm (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-20-Cent-1901-XF-Details-charm/380193380486?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58854a9886)



XRARE 1908 A FRENCH INDO CHINA ONE CENT UNC KEY 3 MILL (http://cgi.ebay.com/XRARE-1908-FRENCH-INDOCHINA-ONE-CENT-UNC-KEY-3-MILL-/350370973989?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193bcc925)



VIETNAM 1953 TRIO: 10 SU, 20 SU & 50 XU (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1953-TRIO-10-SU-20-SU-50-XU-/350236019859? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518bb18c93)



$12.00Free shipping

Buy It Now



$5.99

Buy It Now



Buy It Now

Buy It Now



Buy It Now or Best Offer

Time left:7d 13h 13m Time left:7d 19h 4m

$24.99

Time left:8d 9h 5m

Time left:8d 14h 8m

Buy It Now

$75.95

Time left:8d 14h 26m

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$15.00

Time left:8d 16h 13m

$9.99Free shipping

Time left:6d 20h 46m



Buy It Now or Best Offer Buy It Now or Best Offer

$0.99

Buy It Now

$10.00

$6.50

0 Bids



Time left:7d 9h 44m

Time left:8d 10h 38m

Buy It Now



$3.50

$79.99





Time left:6d 20h 43m

$18.00

Buy It Now or Best Offer



Time left:7d 3h 21m

$3.99

Buy It Now



Time left:7d 3h 4m

$2.25

0 Bids

Time left:7d 0h 8m

$6.80

Buy It Now



Time left:6d 9h 37m

$5.99

Time left:10d 8h 53m Time left:10d 14h 26m

0 Bids

$3.99

Time left:6d 21h 22m



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$475.00

Time left:10d 15h 34m



Buy It Now

$11.55

Time left:10d 18h 17m

Buy It Now

$14.00Free shipping

Time left:10d 23h 10m

Buy It Now

$14.00Free shipping

Time left:10d 23h 11m



Buy It Now



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$12.50Free shipping

Time left:11d 12h 58m

$235.00Free shipping

Time left:11d 12h 59m

$5.80

Time left:11d 14h 52m

Buy It Now

_________________________________________________________ CAPTER FOUR



Buy It Now

$325.00

Time left:11d 22h 7m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1886-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1886-A-PIASTRE-/360277244530?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2327a72)



Buy It Now



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1887-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1887-A-PIASTRE-/360277244660?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2327af4)



Buy It Now

$45.00

Time left:11d 22h 10m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1896-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1896-A-PIASTRE-/130405727411?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5cc97cb3)



Buy It Now

$100.00

Time left:11d 22h 12m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1897-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1897-A-PIASTRE-/360277245072?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2327c90)



Buy It Now

$75.00

Time left:11d 22h 12m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1903-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1903-A-PIASTRE-/130405727600?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5cc97d70)



Buy It Now

$85.00

Time left:11d 22h 13m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1907-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1907-A-PIASTRE-/360277245681?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2327ef1)



Buy It Now

$85.00

Time left:11d 22h 16m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1908-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1908-A-PIASTRE-/360277245797?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e2327f65)



Buy It Now

$85.00

Time left:11d 22h 16m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1913-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1913-A-PIASTRE-/130405728274?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5cc98012)



Buy It Now

$135.00

Time left:11d 22h 16m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1921 PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1921-PIASTRE-/360277246315?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e232816b)



Buy It Now

$100.00

Time left:11d 22h 18m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1922 PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1922-PIASTRE-/130405728829?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5cc9823d)



Buy It Now

$85.00

Time left:11d 22h 19m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1924-A PIASTRE BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1924-A-PIASTRE-BU-/130405728976?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5cc982d0)



Buy It Now

$145.00

Time left:11d 22h 20m



FRANCE FRENCH INDO-CHINA (VIETNAM) 1927-A PIASTRE (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRANCE-FRENCH-INDO-CHINAVIETNAM-1927-A-PIASTRE-/360277247004?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53e232841c)



Buy It Now

$75.00

Time left:11d 22h 21m



1946 Vietnam 1 Dong – RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/1946-Vietnam-1-Dong-RARE-/230407213006? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a5570fce)



Buy It Now

$175.00

Time left:11d 22h 22m



1941 (S) French Indo-China 20 Cents coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1941-S-French-Indo-China-20-Cents-coin-/220630484284? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335e9a053c)



Buy It Now

$8.50

Time left:11d 23h 22m



1939 French Indo-China 20 Cents coin KM#23a.1 (http://cgi.ebay.com/1939-French-Indo-China-20-Cents-coin-KM-23a-1/220630495644?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335e9a319c)



VIETNAM 100 DONG ND(2000) PF = DISCUS THROWER -SYDNEY = (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-100-DONG-ND-2000PF-DISCUS-THROWER-SYDNEY-/310230815951?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_2&hash=item483b3294cf)



Buy It Now

$46.95

Time left:12d 6h 21m



2 COINS from VIETNAM – 200 & 2000 DONG (BOTH 2003) (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-COINS-VIETNAM-200-2000-DONG-BOTH2003-/300442479069?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45f3c469dd)



Buy It Now

$2.50

Time left:12d 8h 53m



3 COINS..VIETNAM..2 & 5 HAO and 1 DONG..ALL DATING 1976 (http://cgi.ebay.com/3-COINS-VIETNAM-2-5-HAO-and-1DONG-ALL-DATING-1976-/350371133252?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193bf3744)



Buy It Now

$9.99

Time left:12d 8h 53m



2 – 1 DONG COINS..SOUTH VIETNAM..2 TYPES..1960 & 1964 (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-1-DONG-COINS-SOUTH-VIETNAM-2TYPES-1960-1964-/350371133255?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193bf3747)



Buy It Now

$1.99

Time left:12d 8h 53m



1946 Vietnam Rebel Communist State 5 Hao Unc. Rare (http://cgi.ebay.com/1946-Vietnam-Rebel-Communist-State-5-Hao-UncRare-/250386477162?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a4c32706a)



1988 VIETNAM 100 DONG DRAGON SHIP (http://cgi.ebay.com/1988-VIETNAM-100-DONG-DRAGON-SHIP-/320470093818? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4a9d818ffa)





SOUTH VIETNAM 1-20 Dong 1968-74 3 Coins UNC Set FAO (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-1-20-Dong-1968-74-3Coins-UNC-Set-FAO-/400071515514?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d261edd7a)





Viet Nam Vietnam 2 Xu ND 1975 KM A9 UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-Vietnam-2-Xu-ND-1975-KM-A9-UNC/370359764638?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563b29869e)



Buy It Now

$12.50

Time left:13d 10h 59m



Viet Nam Vietnan 1 Dong 1976 KM 14 UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-Vietnan-1-Dong-1976-KM-14-UNC-/260579895908? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cabc5aa64)



Buy It Now

$12.50

Time left:13d 10h 59m



Viet Nam Vietnam 5 Xu ND 1975 KM A10 aUNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Viet-Nam-Vietnam-5-Xu-ND-1975-KM-A10-aUNC/370359764650?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563b2986aa)



Buy It Now

$12.50

Time left:13d 10h 59m



1848-1883 Viet-Nam 1 Phan Cash Bronze Cast Coin S@@ (http://cgi.ebay.com/1848-1883-Viet-Nam-1-Phan-Cash-Bronze-Cast-CoinS-/380247884184?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58888a4198)



Buy It Now

$8.50

Time left:13d 14h 30m



French Indochina – 1/2 Cent 1939 Ch. UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indochina-1-2-Cent-1939-Ch-UNC-/110431813681? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19b63fc031)

$25.00Free shipping

Time left:13d 15h 16m



17th Century Annam – Phan (http://cgi.ebay.com/17th-Century-Annam-Phan-/260359048265? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3c9e9bcc49)



Buy It Now

$19.95

Time left:13d 22h 50m



100 pieces of French Indo-China 1/4 Cent Coins (1940’s) (http://cgi.ebay.com/100-pieces-French-Indo-China-1-4-Cent-Coins-1940s/350300850478?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518f8ec92e)



Buy It Now

$63.00

Time left:13d 23h 35m



Vietnam, Hong Duc Thong Bao 1-cash, wide rim, XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Hong-Duc-Thong-Bao-1-cash-wide-rim-XF/170508353954?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27b31701a2)



Buy It Now

$8.00

Time left:14d 2h 56m



FRENCH INDO-CHINA – 20 CENTS 1902 UNC PATINA KM# 10 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-20-CENTS-1902UNC-PATINA-KM-10-/110554717653?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item19bd931dd5)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$175.00

Time left:14d 4h 21m



2003 Vietnam Circulating Coins 3 Pcs,Complete set,UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-Vietnam-Circulating-Coins-3-Pcs-Complete-setUNC-/260580348770?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3cabcc9362)



Buy It Now

$4.00

Time left:14d 11h 44m



VIETNAM NORTH 1946 2 DONG EF BRONZE COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-NORTH-1946-2-DONG-EF-BRONZECOIN-/400133683544?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d29d37958)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$24.25

Time left:14d 11h 47m



1919 French Indo China Silver 10 Centimes RARE Holed (http://cgi.ebay.com/1919-French-Indo-China-Silver-10-Centimes-RAREHoled-/250609689612?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a5980640c)



Buy It Now

$24.50

Time left:14d 17h 53m



2003 Vietnam 1000 Dong coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-Vietnam-1000-Dong-coin-/220567047424? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335ad20d00)



Buy It Now

$2.75

Time left:14d 19h 54m



2003 Vietnam 200 Dong coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-Vietnam-200-Dong-coin-/320497498635? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4a9f23ba0b)



Buy It Now

$2.75

Time left:14d 19h 54m



2003 Vietnam 500 Dong coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/2003-Vietnam-500-Dong-coin-/320497498681? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4a9f23ba39)



Buy It Now

$3.00

Time left:14d 19h 54m



VIETNAM 1989 100 DONG SILVER PRF ROWING BARCELONA 1992 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1989-100-DONGSILVER-PRF-ROWING-BARCELONA-1992-/370256732896?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item56350562e0)



Buy It Now

$49.99

Time left:14d 23h 36m



VIETNAM 2003 FULL SET 5 COINS UNC (e344) (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-2003-FULL-SET-5-COINS-UNC-e344/370171297122?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item562fedbd62)



1905 Tonkin 1/600 Piastre Zinc KM1 = UNC (http://cgi.ebay.com/1905-Tonkin-1-600-Piastre-Zinc-KM1-UNC-/380185300167? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5884cf4cc7)



Vietnam Annam Indochina Vietnamese Coin Catalogue 2005 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Annam-Indochina-Vietnamese-CoinCatalogue-2005-/220535951635?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3358f79113)





Buy It Now

Buy It Now



$45.00

$11.00

Time left:12d 21h 23m

Buy It Now

$79.00

Time left:13d 1h 46m

Buy It Now

$20.00

Time left:13d 2h 43m

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$11.00

Buy It Now



Time left:12d 0h 5m

$200.00Free shipping

Buy It Now



Time left:11d 22h 9m

Time left:15d 0h 58m

$38.50

Buy It Now

Time left:15d 2h 5m

$85.00

Time left:15d 8h 22m

_________________________________________________________ CAPTER FIVE

Price

Time Left (http://coins.shop.ebay.com/Vietnam-/162155/i.html? _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_sop=1&_trksid=p3286.c0.m14)









(NGC MS-62)Tonkin 1/600 P,French protectorate,Ex.Stack (http://cgi.ebay.com/NGCMS-62-Tonkin-1-600-P-French-protectorate-Ex-Stack-/270542278667? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3efd93900b)



Buy It Now

$170.00Free shipping

Time left:15d 10h 41m















united Vietnam 1 dong 1976 – KM#14 – XF, high CV [9063] (http://cgi.ebay.com/united-Vietnam-1-dong-1976-KM-14-XF-high-CV9063-/350371822224?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193c9ba90)



Buy It Now

$10.00

Time left:15d 12h 20m



WHOLESALE LOT OF 15, SO. VIETNAM, KM-4, 50 SU,1960, BU (http://cgi.ebay.com/WHOLESALE-LOT-15-SO-VIETNAMKM-4-50-SU-1960-BU-/370345300779?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563a4cd32b)



Buy It Now

$69.95

Time left:15d 14h 20m



French Indo-china 1 Sapeque XF++ 1902 KM 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-china-1-Sapeque-XF-1902-KM-6-/370345523157? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item563a5037d5)



Buy It Now

$50.00

Time left:15d 14h 28m



Lot of 6 Different World Coins Vietnam 1960-2003 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Lot-6-Different-World-Coins-Vietnam-1960-2003/140413962288?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20b1530830)



Buy It Now

$5.99Free shipping

Time left:15d 18h 20m



SOUTH VIETNAM 1 DONG 1956 FIRST NOTE ISSUED P.1 TEMPLE (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-1-DONG1956-FIRST-NOTE-ISSUED-P-1-TEMPLE-/160452341364?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item255bb46e74)



Buy It Now

$5.09Free shipping

Time left:15d 22h 54m



FRENCH INDO CHINA 1908 AU Piastre .7812asw KM5A.1 (x39) (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1908-AUPiastre-7812asw-KM5A-1-x39-/350350655297?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item519286bf41)



Buy It Now

$32.50Free shipping

Time left:15d 23h 27m



FRENCH INDO CHINA 1927-A AU Piastre .7812asw FREEsh(x41 (http://cgi.ebay.com/FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-1927-A-AUPiastre-7812asw-FREEsh-x41-/350350655299?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item519286bf43)



Buy It Now

$35.00Free shipping

Time left:15d 23h 27m



Rare 2000 Vietnam 10K Dong Double Dragon Proof Coin NGC (http://cgi.ebay.com/Rare-2000-Vietnam-10K-Dong-Double-DragonProof-Coin-NGC-/350337590053?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5191bf6325)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$399.95

Time left:16d 13h 45m



Vietnam Annam T’ai Ho AE Cash 1443-54AD 24mm Schjoth#30 (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Annam-Tai-Ho-AE-Cash-1443-54AD24mm-Schjoth-30-/350372120617?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193ce4829)



Buy It Now

$4.00

Time left:16d 19h 58m



VIETNAM 1802-1819; ANNAM; GIA LONG – 1 LANG – (SCH-118) (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1802-1819-ANNAM-GIALONG-1-LANG-SCH-118-/350337753499?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5191c1e19b)



Buy It Now

$975.00

Time left:16d 21h 11m



Vietnam 2 Dong 1946 Coin Poor/ Ho Chi Minh (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2-Dong-1946-Coin-Poor-Ho-Chi-Minh-/250610933421? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a59935ead)



Buy It Now

$21.00

Time left:16d 21h 33m



LOT OF 50 FRENCH INDO-CHINA -10 cents – VERY NICE (http://cgi.ebay.com/LOT-50-FRENCH-INDO-CHINA-10-centsVERY-NICE-/200492269644?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2eae45404c)



Buy It Now

$19.99

Time left:17d 0h 51m



French Indo-China 1/4 cent 1943 KEY DATE high CV [7581] (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1-4-cent-1943-KEY-DATE-highCV-7581-/230495957826?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35aaa13342)



Buy It Now

$7.00

Time left:17d 3h 17m



VIETNAM 200 500 1000 2000 5000 D.2003 BOAT COMPLETE SET (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-200-500-1000-2000-5000-D2003-BOAT-COMPLETE-SET-/400120603504?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d290be370)



Buy It Now

$4.99

Time left:17d 20h 6m



French Indo-China Piastre 1896 VF/XF Details (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-Piastre-1896-VF-XF-Details-/350238627349? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518bd95615)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$62.99

Time left:17d 20h 41m



French Indo-China Piastre 1898 VF Details (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-Piastre-1898-VF-Details-/350238627427? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518bd95663)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$44.99

Time left:17d 20h 41m



2 / 1964 10 DONG VIET NAM COINS & 1 1964 1 DONG COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/2-1964-10-DONG-VIET-NAM-COINS-11964-1-DONG-COIN-/140332697152?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20ac7b0640)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$8.99

Time left:18d 1h 13m



VIETNAM 100 DONG 2000 ( Throw Discus ) SILVER PROF (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-100-DONG-2000-Throw-DiscusSILVER-PROF-/370304137619?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5637d8b993)



Buy It Now

$80.00

Time left:18d 5h 10m



VIETNAM 10000 DONG 2001 Silver 3 Coins Set (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10000-DONG-2001-Silver-3-Coins-Set/370288041939?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5636e31fd3)



Buy It Now

$335.00

Time left:18d 9h 57m



Vietnam 2003 5000 Dong – KM73 – UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2003-5000-Dong-KM73-UNC-Condition/170430088303?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27ae6cc46f)



Buy It Now

$1.99

Time left:19d 1h 35m



Vietnam 2003 2000 Dong – KM75 – UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2003-2000-Dong-KM75-UNC-Condition/180454309623?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a03ea3ef7)



Buy It Now

$1.99

Time left:19d 1h 38m



Vietnam 2003 1000 Dong – KM72 – AU/UNC Condition (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-2003-1000-Dong-KM72-AU-UNC-Condition/180454309908?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a03ea4014)



Buy It Now

$1.00

Time left:19d 1h 41m



1964~~VIETNAM~~ONE DONG COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-VIETNAM-ONE-DONG-COIN-/200416597835? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2ea9c2974b)



Buy It Now

$2.95

Time left:19d 11h 59m



French Indo-China Piastre 1946 & 1947 XF Coins (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-Piastre-1946-1947-XF-Coins/150465309282?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item23086e6a62)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$22.49

Time left:19d 17h 19m



VIETNAM 5 HAO 1946 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-5-HAO-1946-/370159535817? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item562f3a46c9)



French Indo-China 1947 1 Piastre —SUPERB— (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1947-1-Piastre-SUPERB-/200404971671? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2ea9113097)



32 pieces of French Indo-China 1 Cent Coins (1940’s) (http://cgi.ebay.com/32-pieces-French-Indo-China-1-Cent-Coins-1940s/350303861793?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518fbcbc21)





Buy It Now or Best Offer



$20.00

Time left:20d 0h 49m

Buy It Now or Best Offer

$206.47Free shipping

Time left:20d 17h 6m



Buy It Now

$23.50

Time left:21d 10h 19m

55 – Vietnam 5 Hao 1946 KM# 2.1 VF+ (http://cgi.ebay.com/55-Vietnam-5-Hao-1946-KM-2-1-VF-/320531012045? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4aa12319cd)



Buy It Now

$7.99

Time left:21d 14h 54m



South Vietnam-1963-50XU-XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/South-Vietnam-1963-50XU-XF-/170471695330? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27b0e7a3e2)



Buy It Now

$1.50

Time left:21d 16h 34m



1976 Vietnam 1 Dong – Bright Uncirculated (http://cgi.ebay.com/1976-Vietnam-1-Dong-Bright-Uncirculated-/230423173336? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a64a98d8)



Buy It Now

$34.95

Time left:21d 21h 52m



VIET-NAM 1963 50 XU nice upgrade (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-1963-50-XU-nice-upgrade-/160403461834? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2558ca96ca)



VIET-NAM 1964 1 Dong nice upgrade coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-1964-1-Dong-nice-upgrade-coin-/160403467331? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2558caac43)



Buy It Now

$2.05

Time left:22d 0h 33m



VIET-NAM 1964 10 Dong nice (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIET-NAM-1964-10-Dong-nice-/160403468231? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2558caafc7)



Buy It Now

$2.05

Time left:22d 0h 38m



VIETNAM 1963 50 XU UNCIRCULATED, KM #6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1963-50-XU-UNCIRCULATED-KM-6/350265132391?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item518d6dc567)



1960 Vietnam 1 one dong COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/1960-Vietnam-1-one-dong-COIN-/350340222895? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5191e78faf)



Vietnam 1989 100 Dong 1992 Barcelona Olympics Ag Proof (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-1989-100-Dong-1992-Barcelona-OlympicsAg-Proof-/370306742193?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item56380077b1)



UNC SOUTH VIETNAM 1971 F.A.O. ISSUE 1 DONG~~FREE SHIP~~ (http://cgi.ebay.com/UNC-SOUTH-VIETNAM-1971-FA-O-ISSUE-1-DONG-FREE-SHIP-/370146968730?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item562e7a849a)



French Indo-China 1946 Piastre Security edge K32.1=XF (http://cgi.ebay.com/French-Indo-China-1946-Piastre-Security-edge-K32-1-XF/380224437339?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5887247c5b)



THAN-THAI THONG BAO – 1889 – 1903 – 10 WEN – VIETNAM!! (http://cgi.ebay.com/THAN-THAI-THONG-BAO-1889-190310-WEN-VIETNAM-/230450086263?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item35a7e54177)





VIETNAM 10000 Dong 2006 Silver Proof World Cup Soccer (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-10000-Dong-2006-Silver-Proof-WorldCup-Soccer-/400128459908?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2983c484)





VIETNAM 5 H.KM13 1976 “NHNNVN” UN COMMON COIN CAT$12.00 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-5-H-KM13-1976NHNNVN-UN-COMMON-COIN-CAT-12-00-/360199092978?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53dd89faf2)





1930 French Indo-China Silver 20 Centimes Nice One L@@K (http://cgi.ebay.com/1930-French-Indo-China-Silver-20-Centimes-NiceOne-L-K-/380178685930?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item58846a5fea)





1928 French Indochina Silver 20 Cent (Vietnam) (http://cgi.ebay.com/1928-French-Indochina-Silver-20-Cent-Vietnam-/220622883616? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335e260b20)





Vietnam- 1905 Protectorate du Tonkin, scarce coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-1905-Protectorate-du-Tonkin-scarce-coin/250448819130?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a4fe9b3ba)







Buy It Now

$2.50

Buy It Now



Buy It Now

$2.00

Time left:22d 0h 5m

Time left:22d 13h 48m

$4.99Free shipping

Time left:22d 22h 42m

$46.00

Time left:23d 14h 35m

$3.13Free shipping

Time left:23d 23h 38m

$28.50

Time left:24d 1h 24m

Buy It Now

$125.00

Time left:24d 22h 18m

Buy It Now

$75.00

Time left:24d 23h 53m

Buy It Now

$4.99

Time left:25d 1h 49m

Buy It Now

$7.95

Time left:25d 23h 6m

Buy It Now

$80.00

Time left:26d 17h 11m



Buy It Now

$99.99

Time left:26d 18h 52m

VIETNAM 50 SU 1960 GEM BU, NICE (w1c43) (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-50-SU-1960-GEM-BU-NICE-w1c43/250411487384?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a4db01098)



Buy It Now

$12.50

Time left:26d 21h 29m



Vietnam – French Indo-China 1937 5 cents KM-18 EF/AU (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-French-Indo-China-1937-5-cents-KM-18-EFAU-/380126063476?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5881476b74)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$9.99

Time left:26d 21h 34m



1964 / Republic of Viet nam / Rice – Stalks – Issue (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-Republic-Viet-nam-Rice-Stalks-Issue-/400019610320? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2306dad0)



Buy It Now

$3.50

Time left:27d 14h 53m



1964 / Republic of Viet nam / Rice – Stalks – Issue (http://cgi.ebay.com/1964-Republic-Viet-nam-Rice-Stalks-Issue-/400019611230? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d2306de5e)



Buy It Now

$3.50

Time left:27d 14h 57m



VIETNAM 1968 20 DONG UNC, KM#11, FAO ISSUE (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1968-20-DONG-UNC-KM-11-FAOISSUE-/390197359317?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5ad99332d5)



Buy It Now or Best Offer

$7.99

Time left:27d 15h 18m



Buy It Now



Buy It Now

Buy It Now

Sort by:Best Match (;)











1953 Vietnam 20 Su Large Coin (http://cgi.ebay.com/1953-Vietnam20-Su-Large-Coin-/220623463320? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item335e2ee398)









Buy It Now

Price

Time Left (http://coins.shop.eba _trkparms=65%253A12%257C66%253A2%257C39%253A1%257C72%253A2124&_catref=1&_





$3.75





VIETNAM VINTAGE UNCIRC. PAIR 10 SU & 50 XU KM #S 1 & 6 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-VINTAGE-UNCIRCPAIR-10-SU-50-XU-KM-S-1-6-/350355631758?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5192d2ae8e)



Buy It Now

$3.85

Time left:27d 20h 18m



North Vietnam 1958 5 Xu coin Uncirculated nice (http://cgi.ebay.com/North-Vietnam-1958-5-Xu-coin-Uncirculated-nice/360191056382?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item53dd0f59fe)



Buy It Now

$15.00

Time left:27d 21h 33m



Vietnam 3 Cash bronze zinc Minh Mang coins 1820-41 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-3-Cash-bronze-zinc-Minh-Mang-coins-182041-RARE-/150406508657?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2304ed3071)



Buy It Now

$15.99

Time left:28d 2h 4m



Vietnam 3 Cash bronze Quan Trung coins 1788-92 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-3-Cash-bronze-Quan-Trung-coins-1788-92RARE-/310195304361?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item483914b7a9)



Buy It Now

$24.99

Time left:28d 2h 6m



Vietnam 7 Phan Zinc Gia Long coin 1802-20 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-7-Phan-Zinc-Gia-Long-coin-1802-20-RARE/310195304748?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item483914b92c)



Buy It Now

$7.99

Time left:28d 2h 11m



Vietnam Cash Bronze Canh Hung coin 1740-87 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Cash-Bronze-Canh-Hung-coin-1740-87-RARE/310195304951?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item483914b9f7)



Buy It Now

$6.99

Time left:28d 2h 15m



Vietnam Cash Bronze Canh Hung coin 1740-87 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Cash-Bronze-Canh-Hung-coin-1740-87-RARE/310195305017?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item483914ba39)



Buy It Now

$6.99

Time left:28d 2h 16m



Vietnam Cash Bronze Chieu Thong coin 1787-89 RARE (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Cash-Bronze-Chieu-Thong-coin-1787-89RARE-/150406509644?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2304ed344c)



Buy It Now

$6.99

Time left:28d 2h 17m



Vietnam-Tonkin 1/600 Piastre Coin (Znic, 1905) (http://cgi.ebay.com/Vietnam-Tonkin-1-600-Piastre-Coin-Znic-1905-/350368315751? cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5193943967)



Buy It Now

$22.50

Time left:28d 12h 26m



VIETNAM 1 SET X 5 COIN 200-500-1000-2000-5000 DONG 2005 (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-1-SET-X-5-COIN-200-5001000-2000-5000-DONG-2005-/270595565018?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f00c0a5da)



Buy It Now

$7.50

Time left:29d 11h 40m



VIETNAM 200D.NEW 2003 FLOWER TREE UNC THEMATIC COIN (http://cgi.ebay.com/VIETNAM-200D-NEW-2003FLOWER-TREE-UNC-THEMATIC-COIN-/130250302749?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1e5385e51d)



Buy It Now

$1.00

Time left:29d 12h 2m



1914 French Indo China Silver 10 Centimes Scarce One (http://cgi.ebay.com/1914-French-Indo-China-Silver-10-Centimes-Scarce-One/250566361124?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3a56eb4024)



Buy It Now

$24.50

Time left:29d 15h 5m



SOUTH VIETNAM 1974 10 DONG UNCIRCULATED KM#13 (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-1974-10-DONGUNCIRCULATED-KM-13-/400039448400?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d24358f50)



Buy It Now

$4.00

Time left:29d 17h 11m



SOUTH VIETNAM 1971 1 DONG UNCIRCULATED KM # 12 (http://cgi.ebay.com/SOUTH-VIETNAM-1971-1-DONGUNCIRCULATED-KM-12-/400039448696?cmd=ViewItem&pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d24359078)PS. THE COMPLETE INFO WITH ILLUSTRATION EXIST BUT ONLY FOR PREMIUM MEMBER ,PLEASE SUNSCRIBED VIA COMMENT



Buy It Now

$5.50

Time left:29d 17h 13m

THE END @ COPYRIGHT Dr Iwan suwandy 2011 Driwancybermuseum

THE DAI NIPPON WAR IN CHINA(1937-1945) June 1, 2011June 1, 2011

iwansuwandy

Leave a comment



(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110436.jpg) WAR WITH DAI NIPPON (1937-1945) 1.1915

In May 1915, Yuan Shikai’s representatives agreed to Japan’s Twenty-one Demands in order to win support from the Japanese government for his scheme to restore the monarchy. This incident sowed the seeds of discontent that led to the May Fourth Movement. (Photo courtesy of The National Museum of China) 1a.1937 1) Dai nippon Occupied Manchuria and Puyi became Emperor of Manchuria.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110517.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110523.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110530.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110535.jpg)

Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion Table of Contents Introduction 1. Japan’s “Sole Road for Survival”: The Range of Views Within the Guandong Army over the Seizure of Manchuria and Mongolia 2. Transforming Manchuria-Mongolia into a Paradise for Its Inhabitants: Building a New State and Searching for State-Building Ideals 3. Toward a Model of Politics for the World: The Banner of Moral State Creation and the Formation of Manzhouguo Politics 4. “The Long-Term Policy of National Management Will Always Be in Unison with the Japanese Empire”: The Paradise of the Kingly Way Stumbles and the Path Toward the Merging of Japan and Manzhouguo 5. Conclusion: Chimera, Reality, and Illusion Afterword Interview: How Shall We Understand Manchuria and Manzhouguo? Appendix: On the Historical Significance of Manchuria and Manzghouguo Chronology on the Modern History of Manchuria and East Asia

Introduction The Shadow of Manzhouguo There was once a country known as Manzhouguo (also rendered Manchukuo). It emerged suddenly in China’s northeast on March 1, 1932, and vanished with Emperor Puyi’s manifesto of abdication on August 18, 1945, having lasted for just over thirteen years and five months. For the Japanese who actually lived there, however, this country’s final end was only the beginning of their real Manzhouguo “experience.” What was Manzhouguo and how did it relate to them personally? They must have asked themselves these questions repeatedly as various images of Manzhouguo later took shape; virtually all of these Japanese went through gruesome experiences in the aftermath of the state’s collapse, often lingering between life and death—the invasion of the Soviet Army, their evacuation, and perhaps their internment in Siberian camps—experiences that are exceedingly difficult to describe. Is it now possible for us to see through to the countless fragments of these images of Manzhouguo which continue to live in their memories now strewn through innumerable notes and memoirs? For the great majority of Japanese who have since lived through more than a half-century longer than the thirteen and one-half years that Manzhouguo existed, that land has become little more than a historical term which conjures up no particular image of any sort. To be sure, the past half-century has been sufficiently long for many matters to pass from experience to memory and from memory into history, long enough perhaps for even the experience of hardship to be refined into a form of homesickness, for the crimes that transpired all around them to be forgotten as if the whole thing had been a daydream. For the Japanese in the home islands with no links to Manzhouguo, whether they have sunk into oblivion or, pent up with their memories, have taken their ignorance of Manzhouguo as commonsensical, today the scars left from Manzhouguo continue to live on in that land, be it as the issue of war orphans “left behind” in China or as that of the wives left behind. Although Manzhouguo has ceased to exist, for the people who continue to live there, and for the dwindling number of survivors of that era, the wounds of Manzhouguo continue to ache and will not heal or disappear. In fact, the Japanese are by no means the only ones still affected. Indeed, the Chinese and Koreans who lived in Manzhouguo suffered far more and bore far heavier burdens. Certainly for descendants of those “suppressed” as “bandits” who opposed the state of Manzhouguo and Japan and for those who had their lands confiscated by such concerns as East Asian Industry (Tō-A kangyō) and the Manchurian Colonization Corporation (Manshū takushoku kōsha), the shadow of Manzhouguo always lingers close at hand and never leaves for long. So, too, for those who may have participated in Manzhouguo affairs or been proJapanese and were subjected to persecution by their fellow nationals, particularly at such times as the Cultural Revolution in China. Furthermore, among those Koreans who, in conjunction with the colonial policy of Japan and Manzhouguo, were forcibly moved there, many were mobilized by the Guandong (also transcribed as Kwantung) Army and taken prisoner in Siberia, and later—after the disintegration of Manzhouguo—wanted to return to home but were detained for economic reasons and must have been burning with homesickness for Korea. Manzhouguo, a Puppet State The number of people who have no knowledge of Manzhouguo increases with each passing day. However, like a piercing thorn that cannot be removed, the incessant pain it caused has left a residue of bad feelings in the minds of many Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, and others. While the great majority of people now know nothing about Manzhouguo, for those who lived through it, much too short a time has passed for it to be forgotten. Any evaluation of Manzhouguo would be remiss not to stress the extraordinary artificiality of which it smacked. In Japanese dictionaries and historical encyclopedias, its position has all but become fixed. The general narrative runs as follows: Manzhouguo—in September of 1931, the Guandong Army launched the Manchurian Incident and occupied Northeast China; the following year it installed Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, as chief executive (he was enthroned in 1934), and a state was formed; all real power in national defense and government were held by the Guandong Army, and Manzhouguo thus became the military and economic base for the Japanese invasion of the Asian mainland; it collapsed in 1945 with Japan’s defeat in the war. Also, most designate Manzhouguo as a puppet state of Japan or of the Guandong Army. In Chinese history texts and dictionaries, by contrast, Manzhouguo is described in the following manner: a puppet regime fabricated by Japanese imperialism after the armed invasion of the Three Eastern Provinces (also known as Manchuria or Northeast China); with the Japan-Manzhouguo Protocol, Japanese imperialism manipulated all political, economic, military, and cultural powers in China’s northeast; in 1945 it was crushed with the victory of the Chinese people’s anti-Japanese war. In order to highlight its puppet nature and its anti-popular qualities, the Chinese refer to it as “wei Manzhouguo” (illegitimate Manzhouguo) or “wei Man” for short. They frequently refer to its institutions, bureaucratic posts, and laws as the “illegitimate council of state,” “illegitimate legislature,” and “illegitimate laws of state organization.” This language is not unique to mainland China, but appears in works published in the Republic of China (Taiwan) as well. In addition to writings of this sort by people involved in the events, narratives of Manzhouguo in English and other Western languages frequently offer explanations such as the following: “Manchukuo” (or Manchoukuo): a puppet state established by Japan in China’s northeast in 1931; although Puyi was made nominal ruler, all real power was dominated by Japanese military men, bureaucrats, and advisors; in so doing, Japan successfully pursued the conquest of Manchuria, which had been contested by China and Russia (later, the Soviet Union) for nearly half a century; in spite of the fact that many countries recognized it, Manzhouguo remained essentially a puppet regime; and it was destroyed with Japan’s surrender in World War II. Putting aside for the moment the actuality of who manipulated and ruled whom and in what way, if we consider a “puppet state” one in which—despite its formal independence as a nation—its government rules not on behalf of the people of that nation but in accordance with the purposes of another country, then Manzhouguo was a puppet state. One can scarcely deny that one of the forms of colonial rule was the very form this state took. In particular, for people who were mercilessly stripped of the wealth they had painstakingly saved on the land they worked for many years and who consequently suffered greatly, no matter how often they heard the ideals of this state recounted in elegant, lofty language, they certainly would not have accepted any legitimation for a state that threatened their lives and livelihoods. Each person is likely to see the level of “puppetry” in Manzhouguo somewhat differently. While the concept of an illegitimate or puppet state may be too strong for many Japanese to accept, once exposed to the Chinese museum exhibits and pictures depicting excruciating pain in such places as the Museum of the Illegitimate Manzhouguo Monarchy in Changchun, or the Northeast China Martyrs Museum and the Museum of the Evidence of the Crimes of Unit 731 of the Japanese Army of Aggression in Harbin, or the Hall of the Remains of the Martyred Comrades at Pingdingshan in Fushun, comfortable images will no longer be acceptable. Furthermore, it is certainly necessary to investigate the realities behind the “pits of 10,000 men” scattered about at various sites where it is said were buried roughly one million victims to plans for the development of the region from 1939, or the “human furnaces” at which human bodies were roasted on plates of steel to draw off their fat. However, when we realize that in most cases forced labor in general prisons or reformatories led to death and arrest itself was completely arbitrary, it would seem only natural that the horrifying shock this entails would necessitate calling Manzhouguo an Auschwitz state or a concentrationcamp state, more than just a puppet state. The claims of the last two sentences raise the ante very high: I strongly recommend that some claims follow the presentation of the author’s evidence to avoid a sense that this is empty rhetoric. Let’s talk about this and, if you and I agree, find a way to discuss it with the author. I think that the point is an important one. I’m not familiar with the claim of human furnaces to “draw off fat.” If, on the other hand, the author wishes to present this as among the charges that have been levied by the Chinese government or by others, that would be fine. Manzhouguo, an Ideal State In spite of all this, though, Manzhouguo was never simply a puppet state or just a colonial regime. Another view has continued unshakably to persevere even after 1945: Manzhouguo as the site of a movement to expel Western imperialist control and build an ideal state in Asia; its establishment then is seen as an effort to realize a kind of utopia. Hayashi Fusao (1903-75) once wrote: “Behind this short-lived state lay the 200-year history of Western aggression against Asia. The Meiji Restoration was the first effective resistance against this [onslaught]; Manzhouguo was the continuation of this line of opposition…. Asian history will itself not allow us to disregard it by invoking the Western political science concept of a ‘puppet state.’ Manzhouguo still continues to live in the development of world history.” It may take another one hundred years, he noted, to come to a proper evaluation of Manzhouguo. Kishi Nobusuke (1896-1987), who worked as deputy director of the Management and Coordination Agency of Manzhouguo and became prime minister of Japan after the war, has also noted in a memoir that, in the establishment of Manzhouguo, “the ideals of ethnic harmony and peace and prosperity [lit. the paradise of the Kingly Way] shone radiantly. A scientific, conscientious, bold experiment was carried out there. This was a truly unique modern state formation. The people directly involved devoted their energies to it motivated by their sincere aspirations, and also the peoples of Japan and Manzhouguo strongly supported it; and Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian holy man, offered encouragement from far away. At the time Manzhouguo was the hope of East Asia.” Furumi Tadayuki (1900-83), who witnessed the last moments of Manzhouguo as a deputy director of the Management and Coordination Agency, firmly believed in it: “The nurturing that went into the establishment of the state of Manzhouguo was a trial without historical precedent…. It was the pride of the Japanese people that, in an era dominated by invasion and colonization, our efforts to build an ideal state were based on ethnic harmony in the land of Manchuria. That young Japanese at that time, indifferent to fame or riches, struggled for their ideals remains the pride of Japanese youth.” Without the least doubt, he believed that the ideal of ethnic harmony—the founding ideal of the state of Manzhouguo—would continue to shine brilliantly for many years. Guandong Army Staff Officer Katakura Tadashi (1898-1991), who promoted the establishment of Manzhouguo, saw Manzhouguo as the manifestation of a humanism based on the lofty ideals of peace, prosperity, and ethnic harmony. “In the final analysis,” he averred, “as a cornerstone for stability in East Asian, it was an abundant efflorescence.” Similarly, Hoshino Naoki (1892-1978), who worked as director of the Management and Coordination Agency, endlessly praised the formation of Manzhouguo: “Not only did the Japanese take a leading position, but all the ethnic groups of East Asia broadly worked together for development and growth. We were building a new paradise there in which the blessings were to be shared equally by all ethnicities.” In one line of his memoirs, Hoshino attached to Manzhouguo the heading “Atlantis of the twentieth century.” (By “Atlantis” he was referring to the ideal society of the distant past, as described in Plato’s dialogues, Timaeus and Critias, said to have been to the West of the Straits of Gibraltar.) It is unclear in what sense Hoshino was himself dubbing Manzhouguo the “Atlantis of the twentieth century,” because he simply suggests this heading and says nothing about the content of Atlantis itself. However, the plot of a visionary state—beyond the Straits of Gibraltar, with an orderly, well-planned city and strong military organization, based on a national structure of harmony and single-mindedness, which having attempted the conquest of Asia and Europe now faced retaliation by Athenian warriors, and had sunk into the sea in a single twentyfour-hour period of great earthquakes and floods—remains eerily imaginable even now, corresponding in great detail to Manzhouguo. Like the tale of Atlantis as a dreamlike paradise, Manzhouguo would be passed down over the centuries, and perhaps a day would come many generations hence when it might occupy a kind of resuscitated historical position, such as that given Atlantis by Francis Bacon in his New Atlantis(1627).

Be that as it may, even if it cannot compare to the myth of Atlantis, which is said to have produced a wide assortment of books in excess of 20,000 volumes, Manzhouguo has continued to be portrayed in the image of such an ideal state. A good part of the reason for this is the exceedingly tragic experience that followed its dismemberment and the great suffering that ensued. One can readily imagine that an act of psychological compensation—not wanting that pain to go for naught—has been invested in this now defunct state. All this notwithstanding, the examples given by these and other leading figures cannot sustain the view that Manzhouguo alone, in its search for coexistence and coprosperity among all ethnic groups, was qualitatively different from other colonies. This view would undoubtedly be the sentiment shared by those people who were on the spot as local officials or members of cooperatives, as well as those who were directly connected with them; so, too, among most Japanese who were linked to the formation and management of Manzhouguo in one form or another, such as the Japanese emigrants there and the ManchurianMongolian Pioneer Youth Corps. There were many who, supported by a sense of personal pride in the accomplishments of Manzhouguo, survived down into the postwar era. This being the case, we have to redouble our efforts to listen to the low, strained voices behind the loud, booming voices propounding the idea of an ideal state and try to ascertain the realities of this “ideal” in which not only Japanese but Chinese, too, gambled their lives. Must we heed the view repeatedly put forward that one should rightfully look not only at the aspect of the Japanese invasion of the mainland leading to the creation of Manzhouguo but also at the aspect of its accomplishments? In other words, it has been emphasized that despite its short history a “legacy of Manzhouguo” has contributed greatly to the modernization of China’s Northeast in such areas as the development and promotion of industry, the spread of education, the advancement of communications, and administrative maintenance. These attainments, the argument continues, cannot only withstand scrutiny from our perspective today—when ethnic harmony has become an important ideal in politics—but they also warrant significance as an “experiment for the future”—namely, what may be possible in the arena of cooperation among different ethnic groups in years to come. Can this argument be justified? How would this argument about an ideal state, stressing the positive factors and legacy of Manzhouguo, echo among people from countries other than Japan? The issue of Manzhouguo refuses to leave us—not only must we evaluate its results but the “seeds it planted” as well. In fact, one may recognize its distinctive qualities as being surpassingly pregnant with contemporary implications. Manzhouguo, a Chimera On reflection, there may be nothing that spurs on human dreams and emotions quite like the reverberations of such words as “state-founding” or “nation-building,” as hinted at by Goethe in Faust. Especially in the early Shōwa years, the Japanese empire towered overwhelmingly above the individual, and people were seized by a sense of being closed in and unsettled. When he committed suicide in 1929, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke (b. 1892) left behind the expression: “bakuzentaru fuan” (a sense of being unsettled). For Japanese of that time, words such as “state-founding” or “nation-building” may have borne a distinctively seductive power offering an impression of liberation stirred up by a sense of mission hidden within. Thus, for many Japanese, the notion that “what drew them to Manchuria was neither self-interest nor fame, but a pure aspiration to participate in the opening up of a new realm and the building of a new nation” cannot be completely denied as false consciousness. That they firmly believed this in their own subjective minds would scarcely be strange, but selfless, unremunerated, subjective goodwill does not necessarily guarantee good deeds as a final result, especially in the world of politics. Also, no matter how pure the emotions behind one’s actions, in politics responsibility for ultimate results is an issue, and one cannot elude the blame that one deserves. One individual’s ideal may for one’s counterpart be an intolerable hypocrisy, indeed a form of oppression. In the final analysis, in what sense was Manzhouguo a Japanese puppet or colonial state? Should we instead recognize that this is merely a distortion, an arbitrary understanding dictated by the victor nations, the “historical view of the Potsdam Declaration” or the “Tokyo Trials view of history” which echo it; and insist that the historical reality of Manzhouguo was the creation of a morally ideal state in which many ethnic groups would coexist? As Kagawa Toyohiko (1888-1960) has noted: “In the invasion carried out by Japan, only Manzhouguo possessed a mixture of dreams and lofty ideals.” Before rushing to any conclusions, we need to begin by asking why Manzhouguo was established in the first place and then follow its traces where they lead us. Why in the world did this state of Manzhouguo have to have been created under Japanese leadership in China’s Northeast? What was the process of its formation, and how were Japanese and Chinese involved in it? Furthermore, what actually were ruling structure and national ideals of the new state? Also, what were the mutual relations among Manzhouguo, China, and Japan in political institutions and legal systems, policy and political ideas? In sum, what was the distinctive nature of Manzhouguo as a state, and what place should it occupy in modern world history? Portraying this state of Manzhouguo through an analysis of these questions is the principal task of this book. I set the task in this way because one reason the evaluation of Manzhouguo remains unsettled lies in the fact that each of the opposing views of this state that I have outlined stresses only one side of the issue. From the perspective that sees it as a puppet state, the organization and ideals of Manzhouguo are belittled as merely camouflaging its essence as one of military control by Japan; from the perspective that sees it as an ideal and moral state, its essence lies more in the lofty state principles it professed than in the background to its founding, and the actual mechanisms of rule are of scant interest. Although Manzhouguo enjoyed a short life, still portraying the features of this state as a whole in more or less the correct proportions remains an exceedingly difficult task. Although the quantity of memoirs and reminiscences about Manzhouguo written since the end of World War II is absolutely immense, there is nonetheless a dearth of official government sources of sources, as much of the “primary historical documentation” from the Manzhouguo era itself was destroyed by fire or disappeared during the period when the state was in the process of destruction. In considering all this, there may simply be no way to avoid the abundance of material in one arena and the rough and uneven quality of it in another, but by focusing on Manzhouguo as a state, I hope in this book to offer a portrait of Manzhouguo as I have come to understand it. I have attempted here to portray Manzhouguo by likening it to the Chimera, a monster from Greek mythology. Thomas Hobbes used the Leviathan, a beast that appears in the Book of Job, to symbolize the state as an “artificial being.” Similarly, Franz Neumann (1900-54) used the name of the monster Behemoth to characterize the Third Reich of the Nazis. Drawing inspiration from these cases, I offer for Manzhouguo the Chimera, a beast with the head of a lion, the body of a sheep, and the tail of a dragon. The lion is comparable to the Guandong Army, the sheep is the state of the emperor system, and the dragon the Chinese emperor and modern China. What is implied here will be become clear as the argument of this book develops. 2) Dai nippon Occupaied Tianjin and beijing Japanese troops , which already occupied tianjin and beijing ,were now moving steadily southwards,. they met suprisingly strong resistance in nanking and, in retaliation, went on a terrifying spree of rape,looting and murder. over 3000.000 civilians and prisoners were torrtured and killed during the rape of nanking in 1937. (a)January 1937 Fragment used Dr Sun singlecircle stamps 2×25 cent and 5 cent(rate 55 cent to indonesia) CDS Shanghai 7.1.37. and fragment Dr sun singlecircle 2x 5 cent with red village transit postmark. (b)March 1937 fragment postcard Used Dr Sun single circle 25 cent CDS Shanghai 20.3.37. (c)May 1937 Mao communist local post issued Soldier and fighting stamps three nominal. (d)july 1937 Chiang and his military adviser tried to postpone the inevitable armed confilct, but in the early part of July 1937 the war broke out over a trifle. The Dai Nippon expected the chinese to yield- as had alwats happened before. But they did not take int account the new national spritit which had spread all over China.The patience of the Chinese was exhausted. In their despair they determined to hold up Dai Nippon aggression at any cost. (e)August 1937 DAI NIPPON OCCUPIED SHANGHAI

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110646.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110651.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110650.jpg) Two vintage picture Photos “Bloody saterday” in Shanghai in August,14th 1937 (P) (f) ROC pst office issued provisibal surcharge on Dr Sun single circle stamps and peking martyr type stamps 1c n 4c,8c n 40 c,10c n 25 c, and 4c n 5c stamps. Japanese pressure on China increased. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 1937 marked a new level of Japanese intrusion into China, but Mathews was able to continue working. Shanghai in 1941 The external tempo now picked up. The Japanese declaration of war on America at the end of 1941 further polarized relations among Japan, China, and foreign residents in China.

Shanghai was a virtually international city, with its nearly extraterritorial legation zones. It was entered by the Japanese Army in 1941, but for a time was handled with circumspection. At at the end of 1942, this changed (a moment that Reifler (http://www.umass.edu/wsp/sinology/persons/reifler.html#shanghai) experienced in a different way, and in a different part of Shanghai), and CIM, which had already moved its quarters within Shanghai in 1931, now relocated more drastically, to Chungking in Szchwan, where the Nationalist Chinese government had also taken refuge. In 1943, the previous CIM compound in Shanghai was taken over by Japanese occupation troops, and the printing blocks as well as the copies of Mathews’ own revision of his Dictionary were destroyed. That left only the original edition, and the lack of copies of that edition suddenly became an urgent matter for the English-speaking nations involved in the Pacific War. Within a few months, Harvard University Press had issued a reprint of the original Dictionary. The March 1943 Foreword begins thus: Shanghai in 1943. In April 1943, Mathews himself, along with Violet, was interned by the Japanese at the Lunghwa Camp, the former campus of the Kiangsu Middle School, seven miles southwest of Shanghai and a mile from the Whangpoo River. With them were missionaries both Protestant and Catholic, businessmen and their families, and the officers and crew of the SS President Harrison, among hundreds of others. At 42 acres, this was the largest of all the internment camps in China, and one of the bleakest. Most buildings were of concrete, three of them were ruined, and the landscape was desolate, with “only one tree.” The prospect was not improved by the typhoon of 11 August 1943, which blew the roof off the West Dining Hall, and effectively destroyed that building; it also unroofed several small residence houses. A few Americans were repatriated in September of that year. The rest settled down to wait out the war. By and large, conditions were manageable. Ten acres were devoted to communally farmed vegetable gardens, and there were also a few private gardens. Hot showers were available, though since the well pumps were slow, the showers had to be brief. The animal population included two cows, hens, a flock of goats, and sixty pigs. Communications with the outside were possible, and the Shanghai Dairy donated an additional Holstein calf; eventually there was enough milk for all the camp children to get half a pint a day. Communications with the outside worked both ways, and there were four successful escapes, plus a few failed attempts, during the next two years. Nor were high spirits confined to escape attempts. One internee recalls that the single men, who were quartered in the Assembly Hall, “raised so much hell at night, laughing and telling jokes, that one night a guard took a potshot into our window to stop us from making so much noise.” As at some other camps, the guards were not Japanese Army, but drawn from the Consular Police. The bullets, however, were real. Japan surrendered in August 1945, the Swiss temporarily took over the management of the camp, and the internees left later that month. Mathews, then 68, returned to Melbourne for a third and final time, to a well earned retirement. But China continued to loom large in the Australian consciousness, and Mathews’ linguistic skills were known to the Australian Department of Defense. In 1948 he was recruited to work part time on the translation of archival material and the compilation of glossaries. In 1951, this was increased to full time. (2)1938 (a) January 1938 January.7 th.1938 Just before the resistent war against japan strated, a chines immigrant from Fukien by ship from amoy port went to Semarang Indonesia via Hongkong to have visa, The Chinese overseas passport with Nedeland consular revenue 6 gld with 0fficial stamped straight Consulaat general der Netherlandedn and the visa have signed by “De waarbemend Cosul-Geneal voor dezen De Vice Consul with official Consulate General of the Netherland Hongkong coat of arm stamped in vilolet. (b)The Marcopolo Bridge incident triggered the war of Resistance against Japan in 1938 (c)Early 1938 after the nanking city was captured by the japanese . shanghai fell and chiang kaisek fled westward across china, up the yangtse river, deep into the mountainous province od sichuan. there he set up his wartime goverment in the town of chongqing. it’s not hard to image the tension and turmoil that these monumntous political upheaval imposed on chinese family life. (d)July 1938 The Kuomintang provinsional congreess at Wuchang in March 20, 1938.and decided to organize a youth corps to give expression to the National cause among the young people and the young corps establish on july 9. (d) Chiang presided over a military conference at Hengshan to review progress of the war effort . He reiterated that ROC would fight to the finish in November 25,1938. (e) The famous godown of the four banks in Shanghai where “800 brave Soldier” heroically held out against one Japanese assault after another. (f) Chiang and his General meeting in Chungking abaot the war capital (g) Fan Szu-chaou . a 70-yearold guerilla leader fought the Japanese behind enemy lines. (h) The National Gouvernment Building of ROC at Chungking and Japanese bombing that Temporary capital. (i) ROC post office issued Palace half Button Chung Hwa printing $ 1 , 2 and 5,- top frame unshade. I have this $2.- top frame unshade OC used cds Amoy Szeming, the years not clear. (j) ROC post office issued 150th Anniversary American Constitution with USA and ROC flag with map. nominal 5,25,50 cent and $1.…etc….etc………………………………………………………………………. 1939 in 1939, sudenly and without warning, tianjin was drowned in a great flood. the disaster was of staggering propotion. the chinese called it “china’s sorrow” and went to the buddhist temple to burn incense and offewr prayers for relief. pro japanese newspapers printed in tianjin blamed the catastrope on chiang kaisek while the nationalist party press in chongqing accused the japanese THE DAI NIPPON OCCUPATION PROPAGANDA THE NANKING MASSACRE – two films to remind us

(http://uniquecollection.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/dainipoon-propaganda-cityoflifeanddeath_hk.jpg) Why do I do this to myself? First I watch two intensely depressing dramatic recreations of war atrocities, intense enough to haunt me for days. Then I decide to review them, challenging my love of Japan with these accounts of atrocious conduct by their armed forces. In 1937, when Japan was invading China, its armies conquered the (then) capital city of Nanking. The Japanese army then began killing the prisoners of war, then the civilians, to strike a psychological blow to the rest of China. Knowing full well that they were breaking international conventions of war, they disguised the massacre from the rest of the world. NANKING MASSACRE(RAPE) (A) HISTORIC COLLECTIONS (B) FILM COLLECTIONS These are two very different films about the siege, serving two audiences: one is obviously intended for ‘international cinema’, the other (possibly unintentionally) is ‘exploitation’. Though they’re tough viewing, knowing that these events actually happened, I wanted to learn more about the depths that the Japanese army sank to. While I admire Japanese culture, pop and otherwise, I’ve mainly been learning about their history from their viewpoint. But after visiting several of Japan’s neighbouring countries and reading their news sites, I became increasingly aware of ‘old wounds’ and lasting hostilities. While the US and Europe are hyper-conscious of the history of Nazi Germany, we mainly remember wartime Japan for Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima. In China, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines, Japan was regarded the same way we saw Germany. Indeed, the scale of Japanese war crimes and the variety of atrocities rivals Nazi Germany. So I’m having trouble joining the dots between their peace-loving society of today and the extremes of their wartime mindset. How can a country change so quickly and so completely? I guess the answer is closer to home – my own country has much to answer for in it’s conduct abroad, both recently and historically. I’m not going to boycott Japanese culture for the crimes of the past, but I’m not going to ignore history either. When I first heard of the ‘Rape of Nanking’, I naively assumed it happened centuries ago in more barbaric times. To find that it was only last century showed up a large gap in my historical knowledge.

(http://uniquecollection.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/dainippon-city-live-and-death-_poster.jpg) BLACK SUN: THE NANKING MASSACRE, MEN BEHIND THE SUN 4 (1994, Hong Kong, Hei tai yang: Nan Jing da tu sha) Relentless glory propaganda This is a weird film that would need much more research to determine what the film-makers were trying to do, if I was at all impressed by it. The director, T F Mou, denies it’s an exploitation film, and the size of the budget seems to lift the project out of that genre. But it’s an endless diary of gory re-enactments of war atrocities, with little story or drama, and a near absence of continuing characters. The Japanese soldiers storm around the city, killing and raping. The commanders take pleasure in trying out various methods of execution, from machine-gun to samurai sword. It looks like a wartime propaganda film, but it was made 1994. I’m almost guessing it was intended to pressure the Japanese government on outstanding issues – maybe compensation, apologies, selective history books? The other likely result was to incite outrage amongst Chinese audiences. Compare this blunt approach to any modern American movie about the Nazis. One moment in Black Sun made me remember a silent movie where Eric Von Stroheim throws a baby out of a high window. The scene looked comical: a swift but lazy cinematic shorthand to make you hate the character in seconds, and tell you what to think about all German commanders. While City of Life and Death shows only one Japanese leader orchestrating the destruction of the city, Black Sun takes pains to name and shame many different commanders and their personal roles in the killing. This is perhaps another clue to the movie’s intentions. After a while, the many shock moments reminded me of the climax to Soldier Blue, but in contrast with it’s involving characters, storyline and complex portrayal of the invaders as well as the invaded (Soldier Blue himself is shocked by his own sides’ misconduct). The Japanese soldiers of Black Sun are portrayed with a uniform hive mentality. It also doesn’t help that the Japanese soldiers all look very Chinese. Only the commanders look as if they’re played by Japanese actors. Lazily and inaccurately, the soldiers of both sides talk in Chinese. I expected this to be far more cheaply made than it is. It looks largely authentic, uses a lot of extras and some extensive locations. The most spectacular scene illustrates how the Japanese burned the bodies of civilians before dumping them in the river. They could then claim that they’d only killed soldiers. The scale of the fire of hundreds of bodies along a riverbank rivals the inferno at the end of Apocalypse Now. But if there’s any doubt that what we’re being shown happened, the catalogue of atrocities is verified onscreen, by cross-cutting with actual photographs and filmed footage. The power and importance of these images was not lost on the Japanese army who made every effort to destroy any incriminating material that left Nanking at the time, and they burnt any such evidence of their own when the war was lost. There’s no doubt that all this and worse actually happened, but without any emotional involvement and a clumsy, one-sided approach, it’s a far less powerful and informative film than it should have been. I watched the US region 1 DVD, which fills in much of the historical context with an informative old documentary episode of Frank Capra’s Why We Fight as a DVD extra.

(http://uniquecollection.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/dai-nippon-black_sun_uk_dvd.jpg) In the UK, it’s purely been sold as exploitation, check out the crass DVD cover, which somehow borders on comedy, using a poorly staged publicity shot of one of the film’s most infamous scenes. Contrast that with the US DVD cover that uses an actual archive photograph. This is actually the fourth in a series of films, called Men Behind the Sun, which I won’t be investigating any further. The first film in the series has an important subject, the horrifying human experiments of Camp 731, but the inclusion of animal cruelty and mondo footage (using an actual corpse for one scene) means I’ll avoid it. However, the story of Camp 731 has one hell of conspiracy storyline and I’d like to learn more about it. Black Sun is a bizarre experience – as it abandons so many movie conventions – that it’s fairly silly to compare it to the professionally and artfully produced City of Life and Death. But I have. CITY OF LIFE AND DEATH (2009, China/Hong Kong, Nanjing! Nanjing!) An involving man-made disaster This major new film, shot in black and white, is still being premiered round the world. It’s also about the Nanking during the Japanese siege. While Black Sun throws out plenty of factual context in captions and voiceovers, this has no such introduction and relies on small badly-written postcards to set up a little historical background. Black Sun also portrayed the Chinese, soldiers and civilians alike, as totally defeated. This begins with the army still defending itself, albeit with guerrilla tactics. It also sets up storylines with soldiers from both armies, one Japanese soldier being just as traumatised. The success of the film is the emotional involvement with the characters, focussing on the family of the Chinese translator to John Rabe – a German envoy famous for his attempts to protect the civilians against impossible odds. Unlike Black Sun, if anyone gets hurt, raped, slaughtered, the impact is devastating. There’s a dreadful scene that’s basically a point of view experience of being herded into a mass slaughter.

(http://uniquecollection.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/dai-nippon-propaganda-masacre-black_sun_us_dvd.jpg) After the threat of counterforce has been systematically eradicated, the invading army are rewarded with ‘comfort women’, Japanese prostitutes rationed out to the soldiers. But as the siege wears on, the supply of women starts taking Chinese ‘volunteers’. The widescale use of civilian women for sex lends an awful, literal meaning to ‘the rape of Nanking’. While the Japanese use of unnecessary force was meant to terrify the rest of China, it instead unified the regions of the massive country into an unbeatable foe. The inclusion of a sympathetic portrayal of a Japanese soldier has drawn criticism from Chinese critics, complaining that the tone of the film wasn’t harsh enough on the Japanese. Perhaps they would have preferred a less-sensitive, less balanced film, like Black Sun perhaps?

(http://uniquecollection.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/dai-nippon-city_of_life_and_death_20091.jpg) I’d recommend City of Life and Death as a beautifully made and observed film on a harrowing subject.

It had a limited cinema release in the UK and there’ll be a DVD and Blu-Ray release in August. I watched a Chinese DVD, which may be slightly censored (missing some violence). The subtitles didn’t translate all the onscreen signs and nameplates. The excellent WildGrounds site has an article comparing City of Life and Death to actual (and upsetting) photos from the siege. DAI NIPPON WAR IN HONGKONG(1941-1945)

Japanese soldiers marching along Queen’s Road on Hong Kong Island in December 1941. Main article: Battle of Hong Kong (http://www.bookrags.com/Battle_of_Hong_Kong) In the autumn of 1941 (http://www.bookrags.com/1941), the Third Reich (http://www.bookrags.com/Third_Reich) was at its height of power. German forces had overrun much of Western Europe (http://www.bookrags.com/Western_Europe) and were racing towards Moscow in the invasion of the Soviet Union (http://www.bookrags.com/Operation_Barbarossa). With France under occupation, England was enduring devastating German bombardment almost daily, having to fend off an amphibious invasion. In the Asian theatre, Japan was also experiencing spectacular victories and began consolidating its territorial gains. At the time, the United States (http://www.bookrags.com/United_States) was not participating in the war but was seen by the Axis Powers (http://www.bookrags.com/Axis_Powers) as an obstacle to further global conquest. This prompted Japan to launch a sudden attack against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor (http://www.bookrags.com/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor) on December 7 (http://www.bookrags.com/December_7) 1941 (http://www.bookrags.com/1941). As part of a general Pacific campaign, the Japanese launched an assault on Hong Kong on the morning of December 8 (http://www.bookrags.com/December_8), 1941 (http://www.bookrags.com/1941) (Hong Kong local time (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong_Time)), less than eight hours after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. British (http://www.bookrags.com/British_Army), Canadian (http://www.bookrags.com/Canadian_Army) and Indian (http://www.bookrags.com/British_Indian_Army) forces, supported by the Hong Kong Volunteer Defense Forces (http://www.bookrags.com/Royal_Hong_Kong_Regiment_%28The_Volunteers%29) attempted to resist the rapidly advancing Japanese invasion but were outnumbered. After racing down the New Territories (http://www.bookrags.com/New_Territories) and Kowloon (http://www.bookrags.com/Kowloon), Japanese forces crossed Victoria Harbour (http://www.bookrags.com/Victoria_Harbour) on December 18 (http://www.bookrags.com/December_18). After fierce fighting continued on Hong Kong Island (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong_Island), the only reservoir (http://www.bookrags.com/Reservoir_%28water%29) was lost. Canadian Winnipeg Grenadiers (http://www.bookrags.com/Winnipeg_Grenadiers) fought at the crucial Wong Nai Chong Gap (http://www.bookrags.com/Wong_Nai_Chong_Gap) that secured the passage between Hong Kong proper and secluded southern sections of the island. Hopelessly defeated, on December 25 (http://www.bookrags.com/December_25), 1941 (http://www.bookrags.com/1941), British colonial officials headed by the Governor of Hong Kong (http://www.bookrags.com/Governor_of_Hong_Kong) Mark Aitchison Young (http://www.bookrags.com/Mark_Aitchison_Young) surrendered in-person at the Japanese headquarters on the third floor of The Peninsula Hotel (http://www.bookrags.com/The_Peninsula_Hong_Kong). On 20 February (http://www.bookrags.com/20_February) 1942 (http://www.bookrags.com/1942), General Rensuke Isogai (http://www.bookrags.com/Rensuke_Isogai) became the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong, ushering in almost four years of Imperial Japanese administration.

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110722.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110724.jpg)

(https://iwansuwandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/p6110733.jpg)

Politics Rensuke Isogai

Rensuke Isogai Throughout the Japanese occupation, Hong Kong was ruled as a detained terrain and was subjected to martial law (http://www.bookrags.com/Martial_law). Headed by General Rensuke Isogai (http://www.bookrags.com/Rensuke_Isogai), the Japanese established their administration and commanding post at the Peninsula Hotel (http://www.bookrags.com/Peninsula_Hotel) in Kowloon (http://www.bookrags.com/Kowloon). The military government, composed of the departments of politics, civilian, economy, judiciary, and navy, enacted stringent regulations and established executive bureaus to have power over all residents of Hong Kong. On top of Governor Mark Young, 7,000 British soldiers and civilians were kept in prisoner-of-war (http://www.bookrags.com/Prisoner-of-war) or internment camps, such as Sham Shui Po Prisoner Camp and Stanley Internment Camp (http://www.bookrags.com/Stanley_Internment_Camp). Famine, malnourishment and sickness were pervasive. Severe cases of malnutrition among inmates, for example, occurred in the captivity camp at Stanley in 1945 (http://www.bookrags.com/1945). Moreover, the Japanese military government blockaded Victoria Harbour (http://www.bookrags.com/Victoria_Harbour) and controlled warehouses. Early in January 1942 (http://www.bookrags.com/1942), former members of the Hong Kong Police (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong_Police), including the Indians and Chinese, were recruited into a reformed police, the Kempeitai (http://www.bookrags.com/Kempeitai) (Military Police) with new uniforms. The Japanese gendarmerie (http://www.bookrags.com/Gendarmerie) took over all police stations and organized the Police in five divisions, namely East Hong Kong, West Hong Kong, Kowloon, New Territories and Water Police. The headquarters was situated in the former Supreme Court (http://www.bookrags.com/Supreme_Court) Building. Police in Hong Kong were under the organization and control of the Japanese government. The onset of the new Japanese governor was the indicator for important administrative fluctuations. Japanese experts and administrators were chiefly employed in the Governor’s Office and its various bureaux. These Japanese experts occupied all key posts whereas the Chinese could only take the middle and lower ranks of posts. Under the Japanese control, the basic framework of Japanese administration was created by the division of Hong Kong Island (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong_Island) into 12 districts and Kowloon into 6. Each district was under a Chinese who represented the needs of the district residents to the Japanese authorities. Also, a Civil Affairs Bureau was set up for policy-making, exercising control and supervision. The administrative regime re-designed by Governor Isogai was under instructions from Tokyo (http://www.bookrags.com/Tokyo).

Economy

Japanese soldiers arrested the western bankers and kept them in a Chinese hostel. Economically, all trading activities were sternly guarded, and the majority of the factories were taken over by the Japanese. Having deprived the vendors and banks of their possessions, the Japanese replaced local dollars with Japanese Military Yen (http://www.bookrags.com/Japanese_Military_Yen). The Hong Kong Dollar (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong_Dollar) was outlawed and anyone caught with possession of it was tortured. The exchange rate was fixed at 2 Hong Kong dollars to one military yen in January 1942 (http://www.bookrags.com/1942). Later, the yen was re-valued at 4 Hong Kong dollars to a yen in July 1942 (http://www.bookrags.com/1942), which meant local people could exchange fewer military notes than before. While the citizens of Hong Kong became poor in forced exchanges, the Japanese government sold the Hong Kong Dollar to help finance their war-time economy. Later, the yen was made the sole legal tender (http://www.bookrags.com/Legal_tender) for official purposes in June 1943 (http://www.bookrags.com/1943). Prices of commodities for sale had to be marked in yen. Its gradual devaluation (http://www.bookrags.com/Devaluation) resulted in severe inflation (http://www.bookrags.com/Inflation) and disruption of the economy, directly affecting Hong Kong citizens. The Japanese Military Yen was later declared worthless and the citizens, without possession of their original HKD, were completely destitute. Public transportation and utilities unavoidably failed, owing to the shortage of fuel (http://www.bookrags.com/Fuel) and tho the augmentation of American air raids (http://www.bookrags.com/Air_raid) on Hong Kong. Tens of thousands of people became homeless and helpless, and many of them were employed in shipbuilding and construction. In agricultural field (http://www.bookrags.com/Agriculture), the Japanese took over the race track (http://www.bookrags.com/Race_track) at Fanling (http://www.bookrags.com/Fanling) and the air strip (http://www.bookrags.com/Air_strip) at Kam Tin (http://www.bookrags.com/Kam_Tin) for their rice-growing experiments. A scheme of reclamation (http://www.bookrags.com/Reclamation) of Tolo Harbour (http://www.bookrags.com/Tolo_Harbour) was also discussed. With the intention of boosting the Japanese influence on Hong Kong, two Japanese banks, the Yokohama Specie Bank and the Bank of Taiwan (http://www.bookrags.com/Bank_of_Taiwan), were re-opened. The Japanese banking experts were sent to liquidate enemy banks. British, American and Dutch bankers were forced to live in a small hotel, while some bankers who were viewed as the enemy of the Japanese were executed. In May 1942, Japanese companies were encouraged to be set up. A Hong Kong trade syndicate consisting of Japanese firms was set up in October 1942 to manipulate all overseas trade.

Community life, social services and public hygiene

Life in fear

Population decrease due to repatriation. The Japanese enforced a repatriation policy throughout the period of occupation because of the scarcity of food and the possible counter-attack of the Allies. As a result, the unemployed were deported to the Mainland (http://www.bookrags.com/Mainland_China), and the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.6 million to 600,000 in 1945[1] (http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#cite_note-0). Furthermore, the Japanese reconstructed both government and private facilities for the sake of their own interests and developments. In order to expand the Kai Tak Airport (http://www.bookrags.com/Kai_Tak_Airport), for example, the Japanese demolished the Kowloon Walled City (http://www.bookrags.com/Kowloon_Walled_City) and the Sung Wong Toi Monument (http://www.bookrags.com/Sung_Wong_Toi_Monument) in today’s Kowloon City (http://www.bookrags.com/Kowloon_City). Buildings of some prestigious secondary schools such as Jesuits’ Wah Yan College Hong Kong (http://www.bookrags.com/Wah_Yan_College%2C_Hong_Kong), Diocesan Boys’ School (http://www.bookrags.com/Diocesan_Boys%27_School), the Central British School (now King George V School (http://www.bookrags.com/King_George_V_School)), the St. Paul’s Girls’ College (http://www.bookrags.com/St._Paul%27s_Co-educational_College) (now St. Paul’s Co-educational College) of the Anglican church (http://www.bookrags.com/Sheng_Kung_Hui) and de La Salle brothers’ La Salle College (http://www.bookrags.com/La_Salle_College) were commandeered as military hospitals by the Japanese. Diocesan Boys’ School (http://www.bookrags.com/Diocesan_Boys%27_School) was even rumoured to be the execution place of the Japanese. Life was hard for people under Japanese rule. As there was inadequate food supply, the Japanese rationed (http://www.bookrags.com/Ration) necessities such as rice (http://www.bookrags.com/Rice), oil, flour, salt and sugar. Each family was given a rationing license, and every person could only buy 6.4 taels (http://www.bookrags.com/Tael) (0.24 kg (http://www.bookrags.com/Kg)), of rice per day. Most people did not have enough food to eat, and many died of starvation. The rationing system was canceled in 1944 (http://www.bookrags.com/1944).

Charity and social services After the occupation of the Japanese, charitable activities were highly restricted. Although a fund which may be translated as “Far East Foundation Fund” was set up to collect donations, it was regarded as a means to collect money for the Japanese government, instead of providing welfare services for the Hong Kong people. The Bishop and the Chinese Representatives’ Association, as organizers of charitable activities for relief of the poor, demanded assistance from the government. In September 1942, the Japanese governor Isogai promised to accept their suggestion. The implementation of this suggestion involved money from the Far East Foundation Fund being given to the governor first, and then transferred to a relief fund for the local people of Hong Kong. This was seen as a credit to Japanese administrative policy. With the assistance of the Far East Foundation Fund, an association which may be translated as “Chinese Charity Association” was set up to organize fundraising and distribution work. In order to promote charity activities, a fundraising committee was established which created a network of donation movement. It selected famous people from trade unions to be the leaders of the fundraising groups. They were then asked to choose members to join their group and to help with activities. These members then took donations from different social strata so as to raise as much funds as possible. The activities also included propaganda works which promoted the program. This mass donation movement finally resulted in a collection of 55500 military yen (http://www.bookrags.com/Japanese_military_yen) (MY). Besides this, there were also charitable football competitions and drama performances which donated all of their profits for the Chinese Charity Association. The fund raising activities were continued in the following years. During the occupation, hospitals available to the masses were limited. The Kowloon Hospital (http://www.bookrags.com/Kowloon_Hospital) and Queen Mary Hospital (http://www.bookrags.com/Queen_Mary_Hospital%2C_Hong_Kong) were occupied by the Japanese army. The Japanese also used the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital (http://www.bookrags.com/Tung_Wah_Eastern_Hospital) as a military hospital. Despite the lack of medicine and funds, the Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospital (http://www.bookrags.com/Kwong_Wah_Hospital) continued their social services but in a limited scale. These included provision of food, medicine, clothing, and burial services. Although funds were provided, they still had great financial difficulties. Failure to collect rents and the high reparation costs forced them to promote fundraising activities like musical performances and dramas. The charitable organization Po Leung Kuk (http://www.bookrags.com/Po_Leung_Kuk) was another important organization taking in orphans. However faced with financial problems during the occupation, their bank deposits could not be withdrawn under Japanese control. Their services could only be continued through donations by Aw Boon Haw (http://www.bookrags.com/Aw_Boon_Haw), a long-term financier of Po Leung Kuk.

Health and public hygiene There were very few public hospitals during the Japanese occupation as many of them were forced to be converted to military hospitals. With the inadequate supply of resources, Tung Wah Hospital and Kwong Wah Hospital still continuously offered limited social services to the needy persons.

Education, press and political propaganda Through schooling, mass media and other means of propaganda, the Japanese tried to control the mindsets of Hong Kong people so as to build up a stronger administration regime. Japanization was a common means for restricting people’s thinking, and it prevailed in different aspects of daily life.

Japanese education It was the Japanese conviction that education was an imperative means in infusing Japanese influence. Teaching of the Japanese language was obligatory, and students who received bad results in Japanese exams risked corporal punishment. English (http://www.bookrags.com/English_language) could not be taught. Some private Japanese language schools were established to promote oral Japanese. The Military Administration ran the Teachers’ Training Course, and those teachers who failed a Japanese bench-mark test would need to take a three-month training course. Also, Japanese culture, affairs, ethics and rituals were introduced through education. The primary aims of this Japanization of the education system were mainly to facilitate the Japanese control over the local people and to establish the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere (http://www.bookrags.com/Greater_East_Asia_Co-prosperity_Sphere). Therefore, what it was trying to create was a rush to learn Japanese.

A hand-out of a Japanese language learning radio programme.

Propaganda

Names of the roads were rewritten in Japanese.

Celebration of a “New Hong Kong” after Japanese occupation. The Japanese promoted a bilingual system of English with Japanese as a communication link between the locals and the occupying forces. English shop signs and advertisements were taken away, and in April 1942, streets and buildings in Central were renamed in Japanese. For example, Queen’s Road Central (http://www.bookrags.com/Queen%27s_Road) became Shōwa (http://www.bookrags.com/Showa_period)dori and Des Voeux Road (http://www.bookrags.com/Des_Voeux_Road) Meiji (http://www.bookrags.com/Meiji_period)-dori. Similarly, the Gloucester Hotel became the Matsubara (http://www.bookrags.com/Matsubara); the Peninsula Hotel (http://www.bookrags.com/Peninsula_Hotel), the Matsumoto (http://www.bookrags.com/Matsumoto); Lane Crawford (http://www.bookrags.com/Lane_Crawford), Matsuzakaya (http://www.bookrags.com/Matsuzakaya). Their propaganda also pointed to the pre-eminence of the Japanese way of life, of Japanese spiritual values and the ills of western materialism (http://www.bookrags.com/Materialism). The commemoration of Japanese festivals, state occasions, victories and anniversaries also strengthened the Japanese influence over Hong Kong. For instance, there was Yasukuri or Shrine Festival honoring the dead; there was also a Japanese Empire Day on 11 February (http://www.bookrags.com/11_February) 1943 centered around the worship of the Emperor Jimmu (http://www.bookrags.com/Emperor_Jimmu). The Japanese also built shrines to honor the war dead. A monument of the Japanese war heroes was laid at a site on a spur of Mount Cameron (http://www.bookrags.com/Mount_Cameron).

Press and entertainment The Hong Kong News, a pre-war Japanese-owned English newspaper, was revived on January 1942. Ten local Chinese newspapers had been reduced to five in May. These newspapers were under press censorship (http://www.bookrags.com/Censorship). Radio sets were used for Japanese propaganda. Amusements still existed, though only for those who could afford them. The cinemas only screened Japanese films, such as The Battle of Hong Kong (http://www.bookrags.com/The_Battle_of_Hong_Kong_%28film%29), the only film made in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation. Directed by Tanaka Shigeo and produced by the Dai Nippon Film Company, the film featured an all-Japanese cast but a few Hong Kong film personalities were also involved. This film appeared on the first anniversary of the attack. Horseracing (http://www.bookrags.com/Horseracing) continued to be held.

Strikes and anti-Japanese activities During this period, people organized strikes and refused to buy or use Japanese products. Owing to hostilities to Japanese aggression, many Hong Kong trade unions which had disappeared in the past ten years again revived in the 1930s. They were moved by their patriotic feeling to renew their activities, this time against the Japanese. The Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong did not mean the immediate termination of Chinese anti-Japanese patriotism. In fact, these activities turned underground and continued in secrecy.

Gangjiu Da Dui Guerillas Founded by the Communists (http://www.bookrags.com/Communist) in January 1942 (http://www.bookrags.com/1942), the Guangdong Renmin Kangri guerrillas were established to reinforce anti-Japanese forces in Dongjiang (http://www.bookrags.com/Dongjiang) and Zhujiang (http://www.bookrags.com/Zhujiang) (Pearl River (http://www.bookrags.com/Pearl_River)) deltas. The third and fifth branches under Cai Guoliang, which were sent to Hong Kong and Kowloon, became known as Gangjiu (Hong Kong-Kowloon) da dui (brigade) (). Led by Wong Kwun Fong and Lau Hak Tsai, the guerillas endeavored to attack robbers, traitors and enemies, and secure farm produce and human lives in Hong Kong. In April 1942, the guerillas extended their influence over Lantau Island (http://www.bookrags.com/Lantau_Island), which enhanced communication with Macao (http://www.bookrags.com/Macao) and Guangzhou. The spread of their activities into multi-ethnic Hong Kong Island, in particular, led to Chinese collection of classified information on Japanese strategies of South China (http://www.bookrags.com/South_China), Taiwan (http://www.bookrags.com/Taiwan), and Southeast Asia (http://www.bookrags.com/Southeast_Asia). Furthermore, the force played a central role in saving British and foreigners of the Allied cause. 20 British, 54 Indians, 8 Americans, 3 Danish, 2 Norwegians, 1 Russian, and 1 Filipino were estimated to have been saved. The Gangjiu Da Dui helped undermine the Japanese military position in Hong Kong, and fostered friendships among Chinese, British and Americans.

Dongjiang Guerillas

Dongjiang Guerillas fighting in trenches (http://www.bookrags.com/Trench) During the Japanese Occupation the only fortified resistance was mounted by the Dongjiang guerillas (). Originally formed by Zeng Sheng in Guangdong (http://www.bookrags.com/Guangdong) in 1939 (http://www.bookrags.com/1939), this was mostly comprised peasants, students, and seamen. When the war reached Hong Kong in 1941, the guerilla force grew from 200 to more than 6,000 soldiers. In the wake of the British retreat (http://www.bookrags.com/Battle_of_Hong_Kong), the guerillas picked up abandoned weapons and established bases in the New Territories (http://www.bookrags.com/New_Territories) and Kowloon. Applying conventional tactics of guerilla warfare, they killed Chinese traitors and collaborators, protected traders in Kowloon and Guangzhou (http://www.bookrags.com/Guangzhou), attacked the police station at Tai Po (http://www.bookrags.com/Tai_Po), and bombed Kai Tak Airport. Additionally, the guerillas were noteworthy in rescuing prisoners-of-war, notably Sir Lindsay (http://www.bookrags.com/Lindsay_Tasman_Ride), Sir Douglas Clague, Professor Gordan King, and David Bosanquet. The guerillas’ most significant contribution to the Allies (http://www.bookrags.com/Allies), in particular, was their rescue of twenty American pilots who parachuted into Kowloon when their planes were shot down by the Japanese.

British Army Aid Group The British Army Aid Group was formed in July 1942 at the suggestion of Colonel Lindsay Ride (http://www.bookrags.com/Lindsay_Tasman_Ride). After the fall of Hong Kong in December 1941, all British side personnel were sent into various prisoners-of-war camps on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon. Ride later escaped from his camp and arrived in Chongqing (http://www.bookrags.com/Chongqing), where he formed the unit, with its headquarters in Guilin (http://www.bookrags.com/Guilin), Guangxi (http://www.bookrags.com/Guangxi) as a frontline base in the south. They mainly rescued POWs from the camps, smuggled medicine and other supplies in and out of the camps, and gathered intelligence for the Allied Forces. In the process, the Group provided protection to the Dongjiang River (http://www.bookrags.com/Dongjiang_River) which was a source for domestic water in Hong Kong.

Liberation

Japanese document of surrender

The document of surrender was signed by Japan on September 15, 1945 in Hong Kong (http://www.bookrags.com/Hong_Kong)

Japanese war criminals prepare for their transfer to Stanley Prison (http://www.bookrags.com/Stanley_Prison)

The British warship, Swiftsure (http://www.bookrags.com/HMS_Swiftsure), entering Victoria Harbour through North Point on 30 August (http://www.bookrags.com/30_August) 1945 (http://www.bookrags.com/1945)

Liberation of Hong Kong in 1945. Picture taken at the Cenotaph in Central (http://www.bookrags.com/Central%2C_Hong_Kong), Hong Kong.

Japanese surrender

The Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong ended in 1945 (http://www.bookrags.com/1945). The United States dropped an atomic bomb (http://www.bookrags.com/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki) on Hiroshima (http://www.bookrags.com/Hiroshima) on August 6 (http://www.bookrags.com/August_6), 1945. Another one was dropped on Nagasaki (http://www.bookrags.com/Nagasaki) three days later. Japan finally surrendered on August 15 (http://www.bookrags.com/August_15), 1945. The British sovereignty over Hong Kong thus was restored. The Sino-Japanese War (http://www.bookrags.com/Second_SinoJapanese_War) Victory Anniversary (“the Saturday preceding the last Monday in August” and “Liberation Day, being the last Monday in August” () before the handover (http://www.bookrags.com/Handover)) became a public holiday, before being replaced by Labour Day (http://www.bookrags.com/Labour_Day) and the PRC National Day The end @ copyright Dr Iwan Suwandy 2011 Uncategorized Iwansuwandy's Blog

Blog at WordPress.com.