GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF DISSOCIATION CONSTANT, pKa [PDF]

The dissociation constant (pKa) of non – polar amino acids including (alanine, glycine, valine phenylalanine and trypt

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Bajopas Volume 3 Number 2 December, 2010 Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 62 - 64 Received: May, 2010 Accepted: August, 2010 ISSN 2006 - 6996

GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF DISSOCIATION CONSTANT, pKa OF NON – POLAR AMINO ACIDS J. Na’aliya

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano – Nigeria Correspondence author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The dissociation constant (pKa) of non – polar amino acids including (alanine, glycine, valine phenylalanine and tryptophan) were determined by potentiometric titration technique. The pKa values obtained by extrapolation for alanine, glycine, and valine were 10.29, 9.87 and 9.91 respectively. The implications of the results are discussed and recommendations were made. Keywords: Dissociation constant, amino acids, non-polar, potentiometry. INTRODUCTION Aliphatic amino acids are the most common α – amino carboxylic acid with general formula RCH(NH2)COOH). Except glycine, the aliphatic amino acids contain a chiral centre (Sovago et al., 1993) while two chiral centres are present in molecule of isoleucine. It is the characteristic of these aliphatic amino acids that they do not contain any donor group in the side chain and thus their protonation and complexation equilibrium are very similar to those of glycine. Aliphatic amino acids generally act as bidentate ligands yielding mono, bis and tris complexes with most metal ions. Such ligands contain two donor groups (the amino and carboxylate groups), and therefore two hydrogen ions can dissociates from the fully protonated cations of the amino acids. Dissociation of these protons occurs stepwise, but in well separated processes and the aliphatic amino acids can appear in three different forms in different pH ranges: the cationic, the neutral or Zwitterions and the anionic (Sovago et al., 1993). The graphical approach, in this paper could serve as a reference for the determination or ascertaining the dissociation constants of aliphatic amino acids and other weak organic acids. This approach is the most recent from the available literature and is much simpler and mere scientific compared to the conventional calculation method being used (Angelici, 1997, Csaba et al., 1999 and Lehninger, 1975).

corresponding stable reading of pH was recorded using Jenway pH meter model 3320. The same procedure was repeated for alanine and valine respectively RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The equation Ka = [H+] [A]/[HA] used by Csaba et al (1999) for the calculation of pKa was modified to pH = - log [HA]/[A-] + pKa where, [A-] deprotonated amino acid and [A] protonated amino acids to conform to the general equation of straight – line graph; y = mx + c, where y = pH, m = slope, x = log [HA]/[A] and C = intercept = pKa. Thus the pKa is obtained as the intercept of the graph of pH versus – log [HA]/[A] as shown in Figures 1,2 and 3 for glycine, alanine and valine respectively. The values obtained were 9.87 (glycine), 10.29 (alanine), and 9.90 (valine). The pKa value of 9.87 for glycine (Figure 1) obtained in this study was similar to the value of 9.80 reported by Stryer (1988). However, the value (9.87) was comparatively higher than the reported value of 9.6 (Sovago et al., 1993). The value of 10.29 obtained for alanine (Figure 2) was higher than the recommended literature value reported by Sovago et al (1995) but closer to 9.87 and 9.90 reported by Robert and Melvin (1982 , 1983) and Stryer (1988) respectively. Figure 3 shows the pKa value of 9.99 for valine and it is higher than the recommended value of 9.54 reported by Sovago and Gergely (1993) and 9.60 also reported by Stryer (1988) but closer to 9.72 reported by David and Macheal (2000). The results obtained in this study were similar to those obtained by using HendersonHasselbalch equation. The accuracy and simplicity of this method will to some extent make determination of pKa easier and less cumbersome. The accurate determination of pKa is of paramount importance as it determines the buffering activity of the physiological buffers in the body. In addition the results could serve as qualitative test for the amino acids.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The determination of the pKa was carried our by first measuring the pH of the reaction mixture prepared by adding into 400 cm3 beaker containing magnetic stirring bar, 90 cm3 distilled water, 100 cm3 of 0.04 mol dm-3 potassium trioxonitrate(V) and 10cm3 of 0.08 mol dm-3 of glycine respectively (Angelici, 1977). An aliquot of standardized 0.1mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide from a burette was added into the reaction mixture and after each addition of the aliquot, the

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Bajopas Volume 3 Number 2 December, 2010

12 10

pH

8 6 4 2

-1.5000

-1.0000

0 0.0000

-0.5000 Log[HA]/[A-]

Fig. 1: Plot of pH versus Log [HA]/[A-] for pKa of Glycine

12 10

6

pH

8

4 2

-1.5000

-1.0000

0 0.0000

-0.5000 -

Log[HA]/[A ] Fig. 2: Plot of pH versus Log [HA]/[A-] for pKa of Alanine

63

0.5000

0.5000

Bajopas Volume 3 Number 2 December, 2010

12

10

6

pH

8

4

2

0 -1.4000 -1.2000 -1.0000 -0.8000 -0.6000 -0.4000 -0.2000 0.0000 0.2000 -

Log[HA]/[A ] Fig. 3: Plot of pH versus Log [HA]/[A-] for pKa of Valine CONCLUSION The acid dissociation constant of non polar amino acids determined graphically for the first time from the available literature were found to be similar with

corresponding calculated values reported in the literature. Therefore the graphical approach is recommended for easier determination of the pKa because of its simplicity, accuracy and being more scientific.

REFERENCES Angelici, R. J. (1977).

Sovago, I., Kiss, T. and (Late) Gergely, A. (1993) critical survey of the stability constants of complexes of Aliphatic Amino Acids. Pure and Appl. Chem.., 65 (5): 1029 – 1080. International student Edition Stryer, L. (1988). Biochemistry, Third Edition W. H. Freeman and Company, NewYork Pp 15 – 42.

inorganic

Synthesis and techniques in chemistry W. B. Saunders

campany, 2nd Edition Philadelphia, Pp 115 – 127. Csaba, V. Janos, Z, Gyorgy, L., Andras, D., Attila, K and Liliana, F. (1999). On the Oximine complexes of Transition metals, part CXIV. New mixed sulfite – cobalt (III) – complexes with Alicyclic α - Dioximes. Periodica Polytechnica Ser. Chem. 43, (1): 51 – 64. David L., Micheal M. C. (2000). Lehninger Principles worth of Biochemistry, Third Edition, publishers, 41 Madison Avenue New York, Pp 113 – 158. Lehninger, A. L. (1975). Biochemistry Second Edition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, worth publishers, Pp71 – 91. Robert C. W. and Melvin J. A. (1982 – 1983) Hand book of chemistry and physics 63rd ed CRC Press. Pp. C756 – 759.

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