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COURSE GUIDE DESCRIPTION You must read this Course Guide carefully from the beginning to the end. It tells you briefly what the course is about and how you can work your way through the course material. It also suggests the amount of time you are likely to spend in order to complete the course successfully. Please keep on referring to the Course Guide as you go through the course material as it will help you to clarify important study components or points that you might miss or overlook.
INTRODUCTION ABXH1103 Applied History is one of the courses offered by Faculty of Applied Social Sciences at Open University Malaysia (OUM). This course is worth 3 credit hours and should be covered over 8 to 15 weeks.
COURSE AUDIENCE The course is compulsory to all students of Faculty of Applied Social Sciences. This module aims to provide basic knowledge to students on historical sources in researches and writings in history. Students will be exposed to the importance of historical sources and they will able to apply historical knowledge in handling issues and problems faced in terms of social, economy and politics. As an open and distance learner, you should be able to learn independently and optimise the learning modes and environment available to you. Before you begin this course, please confirm the course material, the course requirements and how the course is conducted.
STUDY SCHEDULE It is a standard OUM practice that learners accumulate 40 study hours for every credit hour. As such, for a three-credit hour course, you are expected to spend 120 study hours. Table 1 gives an estimation of how the 120 study hours could be accumulated.
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Table 1: Estimation of Time Accumulation of Study Hours STUDY ACTIVITIES
STUDY HOURS
Briefly go through the course content and participate in initial discussions
3
Study the module
60
Attend 3 to 5 tutorial sessions
10
Online Participation
12
Revision
15
Assignment(s), Test(s) and Examination(s)
20
TOTAL STUDY HOURS ACCUMULATED
120
LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this course, you should be able to: 1.
Explain the concept of sources in research and writing in history;
2.
Differentiate the types of sources in history;
3.
Analysing historical sources effectively and accurately;
4.
Using historical sources as historical facts in handling issues and problems; and
5.
Having basic knowledge on the importance and the application of historical sources in history.
COURSE SYNOPSIS This course is divided into 10 topics. The synopsis for each topic is presented below: Topic 1 introduces students to what is history and historical sources. The meaning of historical sources is discussed in details in terms of their features, types of historical sources, which are primary sources and secondary sources. Besides that, the topic also explains the methods of detecting and classifying the sources.
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Topic 2 explains on the methodologies of historical sources in terms of theory and history methods. In this topic, students will be taught how to know various types of historical sources, the features of the sources, the age of the sources and their validity. At this stage, students are taught to understand the process of sources interpretation which consists of verbal interpretation, technical interpretation, logical interpretation, psychological interpretation and factual interpretation. Topic 3 discusses the most important aspect in history, which is historical criticism. The concept of historical criticism involves the external and internal criticism. External criticism includes the external and physical aspects of each source in terms of originality and the physical forms of the sources, whereas the internal criticism focuses more on the processes of source content interpretation. Topic 4 explains the meaning and concept of primary sources as the main source in historical research. It stresses on the important features of the primary sources, the collecting methods and the processing of primary sources. Students will also be exposed to the importance of primary sources as historical reference sources. Topic 5 explains the meaning and concept of secondary sources in history. The focus of this topic is to explain the important features of secondary sources, the collecting methods and the processing of secondary sources. Students are also explained on the importance of secondary sources as historical reference sources. Topic 6 focuses the discussion on archaeology sources in history in terms of definition and archaeology concept. Students will be explained on the various techniques and methods used in archaeology to the findings of various historical artifacts. Archaeology leads the findings of various forms of historical artifacts and non-artifacts such as stone wares, porcelain, bones, food remains, beads, currencies, temple monuments, and others. Topic 7 discusses the research aspects on documents comprehensively. In order to use the documents effectively, students are taught on how to use and interpret the documents according to history methods correctly. The usage of document in history faces problems in terms of the contents, writing and the physical conditions of the documents. Topic 8 explains on the usage of public records in history. The topic touches on the types of public records that exist in various forms and have different features when historians do researches in the National Archives of Malaysia and other places. Focus is also given on the aspects of classifying the public records like the federal records and government records, state records and statutory bodiesÊ records and personal archives records. Students are taught on the importance of public records that need to be kept and cared well as a national heritage. Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
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Topic 9 discusses on the roles of the oral sources as a source in historical research. The main focus of the topic is to explain the methods and techniques in oral history that involve early preparation process in the interview process and the transcription recording process. The discussion is focused on the relations of oral history and other fields of knowledge in terms of their similarities, differences and roles. Topic 10 discusses the functions and status of visual sources and internet sources in history. It also focuses on the finding methods, the recording and the using of visual sources and internet sources as historical sources. In addition, students are taught on the importance of visual sources and internet sources in developing innovation and creativity in history.
TEXT ARRANGEMENT GUIDE Before you go through this module, it is important that you note the text arrangement. Understanding the text arrangement should help you to organise your study of this course to be more objective and more effective. Generally, the text arrangement for each topic is as follows: Learning Outcomes: This section refers to what you should achieve after you have completely gone through a topic. As you go through each topic, you should frequently refer to these learning outcomes. By doing this, you can continuously gauge your progress of digesting the topic. Self-Check: This component of the module is inserted at strategic locations throughout the module. It is inserted after you have gone through one subsection or sometimes a few sub-sections. It usually comes in the form of a question that may require you to stop your reading and start thinking. When you come across this component, try to reflect on what you have already gone through. When you attempt to answer the question prompted, you should be able to gauge whether you have understood what you have read (clearly, vaguely or worse you might find out that you had not comprehended or retained the sub-section(s) that you had just gone through). Most of the time, the answers to the questions can be found directly from the module itself. Activity: Like Self-Check, activities are also placed at various locations or junctures throughout the module. Compared to Self-Check, Activity can appear in various forms such as questions, short case studies or it may even ask you to conduct an observation or research. Activity may also ask your opinion and evaluation on a given scenario. When you come across an Activity, you should try to widen what you have gathered from the module and introduce it to real situations. You should engage yourself in higher order thinking where you might be required to analyse, synthesise and evaluate instead of just having to recall and define. Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
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Summary: You can find this component at the end of each topic. This component helps you to recap the whole topic. By going through the summary, you should be able to gauge your knowledge retention level. Should you find points inside the summary that you do not fully understand, it would be a good idea for you to revisit the details from the module. Key Terms: This component can be found at the end of each topic. You should go through this component to remind yourself of important terms or jargons used throughout the module. Should you find terms here that you are not able to explain, you should look for the terms from the module. References: References is where a list of relevant and useful textbooks, journals, articles, electronic contents or sources can be found. This list can appear in a few locations such as in the Course Guide (at References section), at the end of every topic or at the back of the module. You are encouraged to read and refer to the suggested sources to elicit the additional information needed as well as to enhance your overall understanding of the course.
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE No prior knowledge is required of learners.
ASSESSMENT METHOD Please refer to myINSPIRE.
REFERENCES Abdul Rahman Haji Abdullah. (1996). Pengantar ilmu sejarah. Siri Pendidikan Jarak Jauh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Allan Nevins. (1984). „Oral history: How and why it was born‰. Oral history: An interdisciplinary anthology. (2nd e.d.). London: Altamira Press. Arthur Marwick. (2001). The new nature of history: Knowledge, evidence, language. Great Britain: Palgrave. Barnes, H.E. (1963). A history of historical writing. (2nd e.d.). New York: Dover Publication Inc. Barzun, J. & Graff, F.G. (1970). The modern researcher: The classic manual on all aspects of research writing. New York: Harcourt. Brace & World. Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
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Carr, E.H. (1965). What is history? London: Pelican Books. Colin Renfrew & Paul Bahn. (2000). Archaeology: Theories methods and practice. Third Edition. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. Collingwood, R.G. (1978). The idea of history. London: Oxford University Press. Garraghan, G. J. (1948). A guide to historical method. United States of America: University Press Book. Jan Vansina. (1972). Oral tradition: A study in historical methodology. (Translated by Wright, H.M.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Louis Gottschalk. (1969). Understanding history: A primer of historical method. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Micheal E. Stevens & Stevens B. Burg. (1997). Editing historical documents: A handbook of practice. London: Altamira Press. Muhd. Yusof Ibrahim. (2000). Ilmu sejarah: Falsafah, pengertian dan kaedah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman. (1999). Arkeologi pra-Islam persisir Selat Melaka evolusi atau migrasi. Syarahan Perdana. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Panduan pengurusan rekod. (1972). Kuala Lumpur: Arkib Negara Malaysia. Rozeman Abu Hassan. (2004). Mengenali dan mentafsir sumber-sumber sejarah. Shah Alam: Karisma Publications Sdn. Bhd. Savumthararaj, G. (1995). Historical photographs in archival institutions. Kuala Lumpur: National Archives of Malaysia. Shakila Yacob. (1998). A guidebook to history resources on the Internet. Malaysia: Prentice Hall. Suntharalingam, R. (1985). Pengenalan kepada sejarah. Kuala Lumpur: Marican & Sons (M) Sdn. Bhd. Undang-Undang Malaysia. (1976). Akta Bendapurba 1976 (Akta 168). Kuala Lumpur: Pemangku Pengarah Percetakan. Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
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Undang-Undang Malaysia. (2003) Akta Rahsia Rasmi 1972 (Akta 88). Selangor: International Law Book Services. Undang-Undang Malaysia. (2003). Akta Arkib Negara 2003 (Akta 629). Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad. Zurina Majid. (1994). „The excavation of Perak Man, an epi-palaeolithic burial at Gua Gunung Runtuh‰. The excavation of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the Perak Man in Malaysia. (ed.). Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Saufi.
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