A Framework for Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature Simulation [PDF]

A Framework for Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature Simulation: Towards Spatially Resolved Thermal Comfort Mapping in Urban

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A Framework for Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature Simulation: Towards Spatially Resolved Thermal Comfort Mapping in Urban Spaces Tarek Rakha1, Pouya Zhand1 and Christoph Reinhart2 1

School of Architecture, Syracuse University 2 Department of Architecture, MIT

Tarek Rakha Assistant Professor Syracuse Architecture Faculty Research Fellow - SyracuseCoE

Building Simulation 2017 San Francisco - Aug 8th - Urban 05: Outdoor Thermal Comfort

1

INTRODUCTION PPL AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT

credit: Syracuse Center of Excellence

A trans-disciplinary Syracuse Architecture research group housed at the SyracuseCoE. Our aim is to disruptively transform architecture, urban design and planning practices through applied research, and developing sustainable design workflows and metrics.

Mobility and Outdoor Comfort

Energy and Daylighting

Aerial Analytics 3

credit: Syracuse Center of Excellence

A trans-disciplinary Syracuse Architecture research group housed at the SyracuseCoE. Our aim is to disruptively transform architecture, urban design and planning practices through applied research, and developing sustainable design workflows and metrics.

Mobility and Outdoor Comfort

Energy and Daylighting

Aerial Analytics 4

THERMAL COMFORT IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS - Thermal comfort is a longstanding research field in building science. - “The condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation” (ANSI/ASHRAE, 2013). - More than 100 evaluative indices were developed over the past century (Krzysztof, Epstein, Jendritzky, Staiger, & Tinz, 2012).

credit: OS HOUSE by Johnsen Schmaling Architects

Temperature

Temperature (C) (°C)

Relative Relative Humidity Humidity (%) (%)

Radiation 2 Radiation ) (W/m2(W/m )

Wind Speed Wind (m/s) Speed (m/s)

Metabolic Rate Metabolic Rate (Met) (Met)

Clothing Clothing(Clo) (Clo)

6

Temperature

Temperature (C) (°C)

Relative Relative Humidity Humidity (%) (%)

MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE DEFINITION

Radiation 2 Radiation ) (W/m2(W/m )

The uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which the radiant heat transfer from the human body is equal to the radiant heat transfer in the actual non-uniform enclosure.

Wind Speed Wind (m/s) Speed (m/s)

Metabolic Rate Metabolic Rate (Met) (Met)

Clothing Clothing(Clo) (Clo)

7

?

8

(Huang, Cedeno-Laurent, & Spengler, 2014).

ENVI-met

RayMan

SOLWEIG

(Toudert-Ali, 2005)

(Matzarakis, Rutz, & Mayer, 2010)

(Lindberg, Holmer, & Thorsson, 2008)

Vector-based

Pixel-based

Pixel-based

Pixel-based (GIS compatible)

Spatially Resolved Surface Temp.

X



X

X

Validated (Field Study)



X

X

X

Computationally Inexpensive



X



X

Unconstrained Geometrically



X

X

X

Software Package

Modeling

CityComfort+

9

2

METHOD MRT SIMULATION METHODOLOGY

EXISTING CASE MODELING COPLEY SQUARE

Copley Square, Boston, MA digital model in Rhino3D

11

SURFACE TEMPERATURE SIM

COPLEY SQUARE

Cumulative Annual Surface Temperature Mapping Exterior façade backwards raytracing workflow and heat diffusion calculations. Q = Solar Radiation (W/m2) h = convection coefficient (W/m2.K) t_out= External Temperature (C) t_in= Internal Temperature (C) τ = Time (Minutes) λ = Conductivity (W/m.K) a = Diffusivity (s/m2) x = Depth (m)

Heat Diffusion Equation:

In collaboration with Timur Dogan and Bing Wang Lienhard V, J. H., & Lienhard IV, J. H. (2011). A Heat Transfer Textbook. Meneola: New York: Dover Publications.

12

Radiance Raytracing for MRT

64 °C

64 °C

28 °C

28 °C

MRT CALCULATIONS

COPLEY SQUARE

Spherical raytracing for walls, glazing, ground and sky temperatures. a_s = the short wave absorption coefficient of a person. σ = the Stefan–Boltzmann constant (5.67•10-8 Wm-2K-4) I^* = radiation intensity of the sun. F_i = angle factor. D_i= diffuse radiation. ε_p = emission coefficient of clothing or skin. T_n= Surface Temperature for surface “n” (Kelvin). F_(p-n)= angle factor between sensor node and surface “n.”

June 21st 12 PM

Thorsson, S., Lindberg, F., Eliasson, I., & Holmer, B. (2007). Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting. International Journal of Climatology, 27(14), 1983-1993.

13

3

RESULTS EXAMPLE CASE STUDY

MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS

MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.

MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS

MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.

MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS

MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.

4

DISCUSSION REFLECTIONS ON FINDINGS

DAILY MRT MAPPING 3D representation of MRT simulation mapping in Downtown Syracuse NY USA. Cyan colours represent thermal “relief” as MRT values drop in shaded areas at the time

ANNUAL MRT MAPS Due to the high range in annual MRT performance, spatial resolution is limited, where performance is not representing significant variations within a single instance of simulation (e.g. Dec 22nd all single solid color).

CONCLUSIONS - CONTEXT OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT - NEW RAYTRACE-BASED OUTDOOR MRT SIMULATION - DISCUSSION OF ANNUAL PERFORMANCE

A FRAMEWORK FOR OUTDOOR MRT SIMULATION

credit: ©2012-2015 veftenie

21

FAST: SYRACUSE

PARTNERS

STATE SPO NSO RS

The objective of this project is to assess the feasibility of developing, implementing, growing, and promoting three urban mobility systems: (1) human-powered mobility, through enhanced walkability and bikeability; (2) sharing economy, through car- and bike-sharing; (3) public transportation services being better integrated. Envisioned innovation quarter in the downtown area will integrate these systems on three scales: (1) neighborhood, within the quarter; (2) city, between innovation nodes; (3) region, commuters from major nodes in/out of SyrlQ.

EXHIBITION SETUP AND PROJECT TIMELINE

2

SPR QUARTERLY REPORT

TASK

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLAN SUMMARY REPORT

4

PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SYRIQ MULTI-MODAL ALT TRANS PLAN

DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION REPORT (FINAL) PROJECT COMPLETION MEETING PROGRESS REPORT

3 TASK

PROJECT KICK-OFF MEETING

TASK 2 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS SUMMARY REPORT

PROGRESS REPORT

SPR QUARTERLY REPORT

Dr. Tarek Rakha, Principal Investigator Dr. Ed Bogucz, Co-Principal Investigator Tammy Rosanio, Co-Investigator

Research Interns

Christian Martinez, MArch (Alumni) Michaela Wozniak, BArch and Geography Student

5 TASK

DEVELOP PRELIMINARY PROGRAMMING NEEDS

Syracuse University Research Team

Previous Interns (2016-2017)

Maria Coconato, BArch Student Elise Chelak, BArch Student Deena Darby, BArch Student Anuradha Desai, BArch Student Rutuja Ganoo, BArch Student Alice Gorodetsky, BArch Student Ruting Li, MArch Student Stephanie Portmann, BArch Student Pouya Zhand, MArch (Alumni)

INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT

Collaborators

Mark Budosh Barton and Loguidice Anthony DaRin Barton and Loguidice Merike Treier, Downtown Committee of Syracuse Clair Leighton, Hitachi Consulting Dawn Marie Mancini Moyer, Hitachi Consulting

JUN

MAY

APR

MAR

FEB

JAN

2016

DEC

NOV

OCT

SEP

AUG

JUL

2017

PROGRESS REPORT

TASK

SPR QUARTERLY REPORT

PROJECTED IMPACTS AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT

Study Advisory Committee

Barry Carr, Chair, Clean Communities of CNY Chris Carrick, Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board (RPDC) Steve Koegel, Central New York Regional Transportation Authority Dave Mankiewicz, CenterStateCEO Andy Maxwell, City of Syracuse Ed Mueller, CENTRO Merike Treier, Downtown Committee Scot Vanderpool, Syracuse University Parking Meghan Vitale, Syracuse Metropolitan Transportation Council (SMTC)

PERFORMATIVE PRAXIS LAB PPL-SYR.NET

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