Idea Transcript
A Framework for Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature Simulation: Towards Spatially Resolved Thermal Comfort Mapping in Urban Spaces Tarek Rakha1, Pouya Zhand1 and Christoph Reinhart2 1
School of Architecture, Syracuse University 2 Department of Architecture, MIT
Tarek Rakha Assistant Professor Syracuse Architecture Faculty Research Fellow - SyracuseCoE
Building Simulation 2017 San Francisco - Aug 8th - Urban 05: Outdoor Thermal Comfort
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INTRODUCTION PPL AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT
credit: Syracuse Center of Excellence
A trans-disciplinary Syracuse Architecture research group housed at the SyracuseCoE. Our aim is to disruptively transform architecture, urban design and planning practices through applied research, and developing sustainable design workflows and metrics.
Mobility and Outdoor Comfort
Energy and Daylighting
Aerial Analytics 3
credit: Syracuse Center of Excellence
A trans-disciplinary Syracuse Architecture research group housed at the SyracuseCoE. Our aim is to disruptively transform architecture, urban design and planning practices through applied research, and developing sustainable design workflows and metrics.
Mobility and Outdoor Comfort
Energy and Daylighting
Aerial Analytics 4
THERMAL COMFORT IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS - Thermal comfort is a longstanding research field in building science. - “The condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation” (ANSI/ASHRAE, 2013). - More than 100 evaluative indices were developed over the past century (Krzysztof, Epstein, Jendritzky, Staiger, & Tinz, 2012).
credit: OS HOUSE by Johnsen Schmaling Architects
Temperature
Temperature (C) (°C)
Relative Relative Humidity Humidity (%) (%)
Radiation 2 Radiation ) (W/m2(W/m )
Wind Speed Wind (m/s) Speed (m/s)
Metabolic Rate Metabolic Rate (Met) (Met)
Clothing Clothing(Clo) (Clo)
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Temperature
Temperature (C) (°C)
Relative Relative Humidity Humidity (%) (%)
MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE DEFINITION
Radiation 2 Radiation ) (W/m2(W/m )
The uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which the radiant heat transfer from the human body is equal to the radiant heat transfer in the actual non-uniform enclosure.
Wind Speed Wind (m/s) Speed (m/s)
Metabolic Rate Metabolic Rate (Met) (Met)
Clothing Clothing(Clo) (Clo)
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?
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(Huang, Cedeno-Laurent, & Spengler, 2014).
ENVI-met
RayMan
SOLWEIG
(Toudert-Ali, 2005)
(Matzarakis, Rutz, & Mayer, 2010)
(Lindberg, Holmer, & Thorsson, 2008)
Vector-based
Pixel-based
Pixel-based
Pixel-based (GIS compatible)
Spatially Resolved Surface Temp.
X
√
X
X
Validated (Field Study)
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X
X
X
Computationally Inexpensive
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X
√
X
Unconstrained Geometrically
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X
X
X
Software Package
Modeling
CityComfort+
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METHOD MRT SIMULATION METHODOLOGY
EXISTING CASE MODELING COPLEY SQUARE
Copley Square, Boston, MA digital model in Rhino3D
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SURFACE TEMPERATURE SIM
COPLEY SQUARE
Cumulative Annual Surface Temperature Mapping Exterior façade backwards raytracing workflow and heat diffusion calculations. Q = Solar Radiation (W/m2) h = convection coefficient (W/m2.K) t_out= External Temperature (C) t_in= Internal Temperature (C) τ = Time (Minutes) λ = Conductivity (W/m.K) a = Diffusivity (s/m2) x = Depth (m)
Heat Diffusion Equation:
In collaboration with Timur Dogan and Bing Wang Lienhard V, J. H., & Lienhard IV, J. H. (2011). A Heat Transfer Textbook. Meneola: New York: Dover Publications.
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Radiance Raytracing for MRT
64 °C
64 °C
28 °C
28 °C
MRT CALCULATIONS
COPLEY SQUARE
Spherical raytracing for walls, glazing, ground and sky temperatures. a_s = the short wave absorption coefficient of a person. σ = the Stefan–Boltzmann constant (5.67•10-8 Wm-2K-4) I^* = radiation intensity of the sun. F_i = angle factor. D_i= diffuse radiation. ε_p = emission coefficient of clothing or skin. T_n= Surface Temperature for surface “n” (Kelvin). F_(p-n)= angle factor between sensor node and surface “n.”
June 21st 12 PM
Thorsson, S., Lindberg, F., Eliasson, I., & Holmer, B. (2007). Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting. International Journal of Climatology, 27(14), 1983-1993.
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RESULTS EXAMPLE CASE STUDY
MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS
MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.
MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS
MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.
MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE SIMULATION RESULTS
MRT simulation of Downtown Syracuse NY USA in representative summer days of June 20th with an intermediate sky cover and July 4th with a clear sky condition.
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DISCUSSION REFLECTIONS ON FINDINGS
DAILY MRT MAPPING 3D representation of MRT simulation mapping in Downtown Syracuse NY USA. Cyan colours represent thermal “relief” as MRT values drop in shaded areas at the time
ANNUAL MRT MAPS Due to the high range in annual MRT performance, spatial resolution is limited, where performance is not representing significant variations within a single instance of simulation (e.g. Dec 22nd all single solid color).
CONCLUSIONS - CONTEXT OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT - NEW RAYTRACE-BASED OUTDOOR MRT SIMULATION - DISCUSSION OF ANNUAL PERFORMANCE
A FRAMEWORK FOR OUTDOOR MRT SIMULATION
credit: ©2012-2015 veftenie
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FAST: SYRACUSE
PARTNERS
STATE SPO NSO RS
The objective of this project is to assess the feasibility of developing, implementing, growing, and promoting three urban mobility systems: (1) human-powered mobility, through enhanced walkability and bikeability; (2) sharing economy, through car- and bike-sharing; (3) public transportation services being better integrated. Envisioned innovation quarter in the downtown area will integrate these systems on three scales: (1) neighborhood, within the quarter; (2) city, between innovation nodes; (3) region, commuters from major nodes in/out of SyrlQ.
EXHIBITION SETUP AND PROJECT TIMELINE
2
SPR QUARTERLY REPORT
TASK
SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLAN SUMMARY REPORT
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SYRIQ MULTI-MODAL ALT TRANS PLAN
DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION REPORT (FINAL) PROJECT COMPLETION MEETING PROGRESS REPORT
3 TASK
PROJECT KICK-OFF MEETING
TASK 2 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS SUMMARY REPORT
PROGRESS REPORT
SPR QUARTERLY REPORT
Dr. Tarek Rakha, Principal Investigator Dr. Ed Bogucz, Co-Principal Investigator Tammy Rosanio, Co-Investigator
Research Interns
Christian Martinez, MArch (Alumni) Michaela Wozniak, BArch and Geography Student
5 TASK
DEVELOP PRELIMINARY PROGRAMMING NEEDS
Syracuse University Research Team
Previous Interns (2016-2017)
Maria Coconato, BArch Student Elise Chelak, BArch Student Deena Darby, BArch Student Anuradha Desai, BArch Student Rutuja Ganoo, BArch Student Alice Gorodetsky, BArch Student Ruting Li, MArch Student Stephanie Portmann, BArch Student Pouya Zhand, MArch (Alumni)
INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT
Collaborators
Mark Budosh Barton and Loguidice Anthony DaRin Barton and Loguidice Merike Treier, Downtown Committee of Syracuse Clair Leighton, Hitachi Consulting Dawn Marie Mancini Moyer, Hitachi Consulting
JUN
MAY
APR
MAR
FEB
JAN
2016
DEC
NOV
OCT
SEP
AUG
JUL
2017
PROGRESS REPORT
TASK
SPR QUARTERLY REPORT
PROJECTED IMPACTS AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT
Study Advisory Committee
Barry Carr, Chair, Clean Communities of CNY Chris Carrick, Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board (RPDC) Steve Koegel, Central New York Regional Transportation Authority Dave Mankiewicz, CenterStateCEO Andy Maxwell, City of Syracuse Ed Mueller, CENTRO Merike Treier, Downtown Committee Scot Vanderpool, Syracuse University Parking Meghan Vitale, Syracuse Metropolitan Transportation Council (SMTC)
PERFORMATIVE PRAXIS LAB PPL-SYR.NET