A MODEL OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE TARASCAN STATE [PDF]

Home

> Journals > Ancient Mesoamerica > Volume 19 issue 2 > A MODEL OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE...

English | Français

Volume 19, Issue 2 Fall 2008 , pp. 217-230

Helen Perlstein Pollard (a1) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536108000369 Published online: 20 November 2008

Abstract By A. D . 1350, central-western Mexico was incorporated into the Tarascan state. This irechequa tzintzuntzani (kingdom of Tzintzuntzan) has been known primarily from sixteenth-century documents. With three decades of archaeological, ecological, and ethnohistoric research, it is now possible to propose a model of the emergence of the first archaic state in Michoacan. Critical issues to be addressed include (1) why state formation occurred (and why this form); (2) why even secondary state formation was “delayed” for more than a millennium; (3) why it occurred in the Lake Patzcuaro Basin; and (4) the role of Purepecha ethnicity in the process.

Request permission (https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=ATM&title=A%20MODEL%20OF%20THE%20EMERGENCE%20OF%20THE%20TA 20&author=Helen%20Perlstein%20Pollard©right=COPYRIGHT:%20%C2%A9%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%202008&contentID=10.1017/S0956536108000369&startPage=2

Copyright COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2008

Corresponding author E-mail correspondence to: [email protected]

References

Hide All

Aguilar González José Ricardo 2005 Tzintzuntzan Irechequa. Política y sociedad en el estado tarasco. Unpublished licenciatura thesis, Facultad de Historia, Universidad Michoacana, Morelia. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Tzintzuntzan+Irechequa.+Pol%C3%ADtica+y+sociedad+en+el+estado+tarasco&publication+year=2005&author=Aguilar+Gonz%C3%A1lez+Jos%C3%A9+Ricardo) Arnauld Marie Charlotte, and Brigitte Faugère-Kalfon 1998 Evolución de la ocupación humana en el Centro-Norte de Michoacán (Proyecto Michoacán, CEMCA) y la emergencia del estado Tarasco. In Génesis, culturas y espacios en Michoacán, edited by Darras Véronique, pp. 13–34. Centre d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cemca.3394) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=G%C3%A9nesis+culturas+y+espacios+en+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1998&author=Arnauld+Marie+Charlotte&author=Brigitte+Faug%C3%A8reKalfon&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique&pages=13-34)

Arnauld Marie Charlotte, Carot Patricia, and Fauvet-Berthelot Marie-France 1993 Arqueología de las Lomas en la cuenca lacustre de Zacapu, Michoacán, México. Cuadernos de Estudios Michoacanos 5. Centre d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cemca.2626) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+de+las+Lomas+en+la+cuenca+lacustre+de+Zacapu+Michoac%C3%A1n+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=1993&author=Arnauld+Marie+Charlotte&a Berthelot+Marie-France) Beck Robin A., Bolender Douglas J., Brown James A., and Earle Timothy K. 2007 Eventful Archaeology: The Place of Space in Structural Transformation. Current Anthropology 48:833–860. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520974) |

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Eventful+Archaeology:+The+Place+of+Space+in+Structural+Transformation&publication+year=2007&author=Beck+Robin+A.&author=Bolender+Douglas+J.&author=Brow 860) Beltrán Ulises 1982 Tarascan State and Society in Prehispanic Times: An Ethnohistorical Inquiry. Unpublished PhD. dissertation, Department of History, University of Chicago. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Tarascan+State+and+Society+in+Prehispanic+Times:+An+Ethnohistorical+Inquiry&publication+year=1982&author=Beltr%C3%A1n+Ulises) Beltrán Ulises 1994 Estado y sociedad tarascos en la epoca prehispánica. In El Michoacán antiguo, edited by de Lameiras Brigitte Boehm, pp. 31–163. El Colegio de Michoacán y Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan, Zamora, Mexico. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+Michoac%C3%A1n+antiguo&publication+year=1994&author=Beltr%C3%A1n+Ulises&author=de+Lameiras+Brigitte+Boehm&pages=31163)

Blanton Richard E., Feinman Gary M., Kowalewski Stephen A., and Peregrine Peter N. 1996 A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization. Current Anthropology 37:1–14, 47–86. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Current+Anthropology&publication+year=1996&author=Blanton+Richard+E.&author=Feinman+Gary+M.&author=Kowalewski+Stephen+A.&author=Peregrine+Peter+N.&pa 14) Carot Patricia 2001 Le site de Loma Alta, Lac de Zacapu, Michoacan, Mexique. Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 9, BAR International Series 920. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Le+site+de+Loma+Alta+Lac+de+Zacapu+Michoacan+Mexique&publication+year=2001&author=Carot+Patricia)

Carot Patricia 2004 Arqueología de Michoacán: Nuevas aportaciones a la historia purhépecha. In Introducción a la arqueología del occidente de México, edited by Cornejo Beatriz Braniff, pp. 443–474. Universidad de Colima and Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Introducci%C3%B3n+a+la+arqueolog%C3%ADa+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=2004&author=Carot+Patricia&author=Cornejo+Beatriz+Braniff&page 474)

Carot Patricia 2005 Reacomodos demográficos del clásico al posclásico en Michoacán: El retorno de los que se fueron. In Reacomodos demográficos del clásico al posclásico en el centro de México, edited by Manzanilla Linda, pp. 103–121. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Reacomodos+demogr%C3%A1ficos+del+cl%C3%A1sico+al+poscl%C3%A1sico+en+el+centro+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=2005&author=Carot+Patricia&author= 121) Carot Patricia, and Fauvet-Berthelot Marie-France 1996 La monumentalidad del sitio de Loma Alta, Michoacán, revelada por métodos de prospección geofísica. In Las cuencas del occidente de México. Época prehispánica, edited by Williams Eduardo and Weigand Phil C., pp. 83–103. Centre Français d'Études Mexicaines et CentreAméricaines, Instituto de Investigación Científica para el Desarrollo en Cooperación, El Colegio de Michoacán, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Las+cuencas+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico.+%C3%89poca+prehisp%C3%A1nica&publication+year=1996&author=Carot+Patricia&author=FauvetBerthelot+Marie-France&author=Williams+Eduardo&author=Weigand+Phil+C.&pages=83-103)

Carot Patricia, and Ponce López Rocío 1997 Á propos de la découverte d'un lot de sculptures sur le site de Loma Alta, Zacapu, Michoacán. Trace 31:64–69. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=%C3%81+propos+de+la+d%C3%A9couverte+d'un+lot+de+sculptures+sur+le+site+de+Loma+Alta+Zacapu+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1997&author=Carot+Patri 69)

Carot Patricia, Fauvet-Berthelot Marie-France, Karl Link Luis Barba, Ortiz Agustín, and Hesse Albert 1998 La arquitectura de Loma Alta, Zacapu, Michoacán. In El occidente de México: Arqueología, historia y medio ambiente. Perspectivas regionales, Actas del IV Coloquio de Occidentalistas, edited by Avila Ricardo Emphoux Jean P., Gastélum Luis G. Ramírez Susana, Schondube Otto, and Valdez Francisco, pp. 345–361. Universidad de Guadalajara and Orstom, Guadalajara. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=El+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico:+Arqueolog%C3%ADa+historia+y+medio+ambiente.+Perspectivas+regiona France&author=Karl+Link+Luis+Barba&author=Ortiz+Agust%C3%ADn&author=Hesse+Albert&author=Avila+Ricardo&author=Emphoux+Jean+P.&author=Gast%C3%A9lum+Lui 361) Chacón Torres Arturo 1993 Pátzcuaro un lago amenazado. Bosquejo Limnológico. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Editorial Universitaria, Morelia. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=P%C3%A1tzcuaro+un+lago+amenazado.+Bosquejo+Limnol%C3%B3gico&publication+year=1993&author=Chac%C3%B3n+Torres+Arturo) Darras Véronique 1998 La obsidiana en la Relación de Michoacán y en la realidad arqueológica: Del símbolo al uso o del uso de un símbolo. In Génesis, culturas y espacios en Michoacán, edited by Darras Véronique, pp. 61–88. Centre Français d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cemca.3397) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=G%C3%A9nesis+culturas+y+espacios+en+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1998&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique&pages=6188) Darras Véronique 1999 Tecnologías prehispánicas de la obsidiana: Los centros de producción de la región de Zináparo-Prieto, Michoacán. Cuadernos de Estudios Michoacanos 9. Centre Français d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cemca.2401) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Tecnolog%C3%ADas+prehisp%C3%A1nicas+de+la+obsidiana:+Los+centros+de+producci%C3%B3n+de+la+regi%C3%B3n+de+Zin%C3%A1paroPrieto+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1999&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique)

Darras Véronique 2006 Las relaciones entre Chupícuaro y el centro de México durante el preclásico reciente. Una crítica de las interpretaciones arqueológicas. Journal de la Société des Américanistes 92:69–110. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.3105) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Las+relaciones+entre+Chup%C3%ADcuaro+y+el+centro+de+M%C3%A9xico+durante+el+precl%C3%A1sico+reciente.+Una+cr%C3%ADtica+de+las+interpretaciones+arque 110)

Darras Véronique, and Faugère Brigitte 2005 Cronología de la cultura Chupícuaro. Estudio del sitio La Tronera, Puruagüita, Guanajuato. In El antiguo occidente de México. Nuevas perspectivas sobre el pasado prehispánico, edited by Williams Eduardo, Weigand Phil C., Mestas Lorenza López, and Grove David, pp. 255–281. El Colegio de Michoacán, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Guadalajara. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+antiguo+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico.+Nuevas+perspectivas+sobre+el+pasado+prehisp%C3%A1nico&publication+year=2005&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique&auth 281)

Darras Véronique, Faugère-Kalfon Brigitte, Durlet Christophe, Javier Reveles Catherine Liot, Omar Cervantés Rosalba Bérumen, Caillaud Cédric, and David Cybèle 1999 Nouvelles recherches sur la culture Chupicuaro (Guanajuato, Mexique). Journal de la Société des Américanistes 85: 343–351. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Nouvelles+recherches+sur+la+culture+Chupicuaro+(Guanajuato+Mexique)&publication+year=1999&author= Kalfon+Brigitte&author=Durlet+Christophe&author=Javier+Reveles+Catherine+Liot&author=Omar+Cervant%C3%A9s+Rosalba+B%C3%A9rumen&author=Caillaud+C%C3%A9dr 351) Drennan Robert D., and Peterson Christian E. 2006 Patterned Variation in Prehistoric Chiefdoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103:3960–3967. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510862103) |

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Patterned+Variation+in+Prehistoric+Chiefdoms&publication+year=2006&author=Drennan+Robert+D.&author=Peterson+Christian+E.&journal=Proceedings+of+the+Nation 3967) | PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16473941)

Esparza López Juan Rodrigo 1999 Aplicación de las técnicas nucleares PIXE y NAA para el estudio de las redes de comercio de la obsidiana en Tierra Caliente, Michoacán. Unpublished licenciatura thesis, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar? q=Esparza+L%C3%B3pez+Juan+Rodrigo+1999+Aplicaci%C3%B3n+de+las+t%C3%A9cnicas+nucleares+PIXE+y+NAA+para+el+estudio+de+las+redes+de+comercio+de+la+obsid Medina Fernández-V., Eugenia 2004 Evidencias de una tradición mesoamericana en Zaragoza. In Las tradiciones arqueológicas del occidente de México, edited by García Efraín Cárdenas, pp. 291–305. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Las+tradiciones+arqueol%C3%B3gicas+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=2004&author=Medina+Fern%C3%A1ndezV.&author=Eugenia&author=Garc%C3%ADa+Efra%C3%ADn+C%C3%A1rdenas&pages=291-305) Filini Agapi 2004 The Presence of Teotihuacan in the Cuitzeo Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. BAR International Series 1279. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The+Presence+of+Teotihuacan+in+the+Cuitzeo+Basin+Michoac%C3%A1n+Mexico&publication+year=2004&author=Filini+Agapi)

Fisher Christopher, Pollard Helen P., and Frederick Charles 1999 Intensive Agriculture and Socio-Political Development in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Antiquity 73(281):642–649. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00065248) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Intensive+Agriculture+and+SocioPolitical+Development+in+the+Lake+P%C3%A1tzcuaro+Basin+Michoac%C3%A1n+Mexico&publication+year=1999&author=Fisher+Christopher&author=Pollard+Helen+P.&auth 649)

Fisher Christopher T., Pollard Helen P., Israde Isabel, Garduno Victor Hugo, and Banerjee Subir K. 2003 A Reexamination of Human Induced Environmental Change within the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(8):4957–4962. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0630493100) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=A+Reexamination+of+Human+Induced+Environmental+Change+within+the+Lake+P%C3%A1tzcuaro+Basin+Michoac%C3%A1n+Mexico&publication+year=2003&author=F 4962) | PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12671066) Gómez Chávez Sergio 1998 Nuevos datos sobre la relación de Teotihuacán y el occidente de México. In Antropología e historia del occidente de México, vol. 3, pp. 1461–1493. XXIV Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Antropolog%C3%ADa+e+historia+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=1998&author=G%C3%B3mez+Ch%C3%A1vez+Sergio&pages=14611493) Gorenstein Shirley, and Pollard Helen P. 1983 The Tarascan Civilization: A Late Prehispanic Cultural System. Publications in Anthropology 28. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The+Tarascan+Civilization:+A+Late+Prehispanic+Cultural+System&publication+year=1983&author=Gorenstein+Shirley&author=Pollard+Helen+P.)

Hammel Eugene A. 2005 Kinship-Based Politics and the Optimal Size of Kin Groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(33): 11951–11956. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504647102) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=KinshipBased+Politics+and+the+Optimal+Size+of+Kin+Groups&publication+year=2005&author=Hammel+Eugene+A&journal=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&vo 11956) | PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16091466)

Healan Dan M. 1997 Pre-Hispanic Quarrying in the Ucareo-Zinapecuaro Obsidian Source Area. Ancient Mesoamerica 8:77–100. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0956536100001590) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Pre-Hispanic+Quarrying+in+the+UcareoZinapecuaro+Obsidian+Source+Area&publication+year=1997&author=Healan+Dan+M&journal=Ancient+Mesoamerica&volume=8&doi=10.1017/S0956536100001590&pages=77100) Helms Mary W. 1993 Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade and Power. University of Texas Press, Austin. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Craft+and+the+Kingly+Ideal:+Art+Trade+and+Power&publication+year=1993&author=Helms+Mary+W) Hosler Dorothy 1994 The Sounds and Colors of Power: The Sacred Metallurgical Technology of Ancient West Mexico. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The+Sounds+and+Colors+of+Power:+The+Sacred+Metallurgical+Technology+of+Ancient+West+Mexico&publication+year=1994&author=Hosler+Dorothy) Hosler Dorothy, and Macfarlane Andrew 1996 Copper Sources, Metal Production, and Metals Trade in Late Postclassic Mesoamerica. Science 273:1819–1824. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5283.1819)

| Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Copper+Sources+Metal+Production+and+Metals+Trade+in+Late+Postclassic+Mesoamerica&publication+year=1996&author=Hosler+Dorothy&author=Macfarlane+Andrew 1824) Lagunas Rodríguez Zaid 1987 Análisis de los restos óseos humanos procedentes de la tumba núm. 1 de Tinganio, Tingambato, Michoacán. In Avances en antropología física, Vol. 3. Cuaderno de Trabajo 4, pp. 7–72. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Avances+en+antropolog%C3%ADa+f%C3%ADsica&publication+year=1987&author=Lagunas+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zaid&pages=772)

Lansing J. Stephen 2003 Complex Adaptive Systems. Annual Review of Anthropology 32:183–204. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093440) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Complex+Adaptive+Systems&publication+year=2003&author=Lansing+J.+Stephen&journal=Annual+Review+of+Anthropology&volume=32&doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.3 204) Macías Goytia Angelina 1989 Los entierros de un centro ceremonial tarasco. Estudios de Antropología Biológica, serie antropológica 100, pp. 531–559. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Estudios+de+Antropolog%C3%ADa+Biol%C3%B3gica&publication+year=1989&author=Mac%C3%ADas+Goytia+Angelina&pages=531559) Macías Goytia Angelina 1990 Huandacareo: Lugar de juicios, tribunal. Colección Científica No. 222. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Huandacareo:+Lugar+de+juicios+tribunal&publication+year=1990&author=Mac%C3%ADas+Goytia+Angelina) Macías Goytia Angelina, and Serret Katina Vackimes 1988 Tres Cerritos, Cuitzeo, Michoacán. In Primera reunión sobre las sociedades prehispánicas en el centro-occidente de México. Cuaderno de Trabajo 1, pp. 161–164. Centro Regional de Querétaro, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Primera+reuni%C3%B3n+sobre+las+sociedades+prehisp%C3%A1nicas+en+el+centrooccidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=1988&author=Mac%C3%ADas+Goytia+Angelina&author=Serret+Katina+Vackimes&pages=161164) Manzanilla López Rubén 1988 Salvamento arqueológico en Loma Santa María, Michoacán. In Primera reunión sobre las sociedades prehispánicas en el centro-occidente de México. Cuaderno de Trabajo 1, pp. 151–160. Centro Regional de Querétaro, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Primera+reuni%C3%B3n+sobre+las+sociedades+prehisp%C3%A1nicas+en+el+centrooccidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=1988&author=Manzanilla+L%C3%B3pez+Rub%C3%A9n&pages=151160)

Martínez Baracs Rodrigo 2005 Convivencia y utopía. El gobierno indio y español de la “ciudad de Mechuacan,” 1521–1580. Fondo de Cultura Económico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar? q=Mart%C3%ADnez+Baracs+Rodrigo+2005+Convivencia+y+utop%C3%ADa.+El+gobierno+indio+y+espa%C3%B1ol+de+la+%E2%80%9Cciudad+de+Mechuacan+%E2%80%9D+1 Mastache Alba Guadalupe, Cobean Robert H., and Healan Dan M. 2002 Ancient Tollan, Tula and the Toltec Heartland. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Ancient+Tollan+Tula+and+the+Toltec+Heartland&publication+year=2002&author=Mastache+Alba+Guadalupe&author=Cobean+Robert+H.&author=Healan+Dan+M.)

Metcalfe Sarah E., Davies Sarah J., Braisby John D., Leng Melanie J., Newton Anthony J., Terrett Nicola L., and O'Hara Sarah L. 2007 Long and Short-Term Change in the Pátzcuaro Basin, Central Mexico. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 247:272–295. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.018) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Long+and+ShortTerm+Change+in+the+P%C3%A1tzcuaro+Basin+Central+Mexico&publication+year=2007&author=Metcalfe+Sarah+E.&author=Davies+Sarah+J.&author=Braisby+John+D.&autho 295)

Michelet Dominique 1995 La zona occidental en el posclásico. In Historia antigua de México, Tomo III: El horizonte posclásico y algunos aspectos intelectuales de las culturas mesoamericanas, edited by Manzanilla Linda and López Luján Leonardo, pp. 153–188. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and Grupo Editorial Miguel Angel Porrúa, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Historia+antigua+de+M%C3%A9xico+Tomo+III:+El+horizonte+poscl%C3%A1sico+y+algunos+aspectos+intelectuales+de+las+culturas+mesoamericanas&publication+yea 188)

Michelet Dominique (editor) 1992 El proyecto Michoacán 1983–1987. Medio ambiente e introducción a los trabajos arqueológicos. Collection Etudes Mésoaméricains II-12, Cuadernos de Estudios Michoacanos 4. Centre Français d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+proyecto+Michoac%C3%A1n+1983%E2%80%931987.+Medio+ambiente+e+introducci%C3%B3n+a+los+trabajos+arqueol%C3%B3gicos&publication+year=1992&author=

Michelet Dominique, Arnauld Marie Charlotte, and Fauvet-Berthelot Marie-France 1989 El Proyecto del CEMCA en Michoacán. Etapa I: Un balance. Trace 16: 70–87. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+Proyecto+del+CEMCA+en+Michoac%C3%A1n.+Etapa+I:+Un+balance&publication+year=1989&author=Michelet+Dominique&author=Arnauld+Marie+Charlotte&author=F Berthelot+Marie-France&journal=Trace&volume=16&pages=70-87)

Michelet Dominique, Pereira Grégory, and Migeon Gérald 2005 La llegada de los Uacúsechas a la región de Zacapu, Michoacán: Datos arqueológicos y discusión. In Reacomodos demográficos del clásico al posclásico en el centro de México, edited by Manzanilla Linda, pp. 137–153. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Reacomodos+demogr%C3%A1ficos+del+cl%C3%A1sico+al+poscl%C3%A1sico+en+el+centro+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=2005&author=Michelet+Dominique&a 153)

Migeon Gérald 1990 Archeologie en pays tarasque: Structure de l'habitat et ethnoprehistoire des habitations tarasque de la region de Zacapu, Michoacan, Mexique, du postclassique recent. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Archeologie+en+pays+tarasque:+Structure+de+l'habitat+et+ethnoprehistoire+des+habitations+tarasque+de+la+region+de+Zacapu+Michoacan+Mexique+du+postclassiq Migeon Gérald 1991 Les sites tarasques de la région de Zacapu: Confrontation des données archéologiques et ethnohistoriques. In Vingt etudes sur le Mexique et le Guatemala réunies à la memoire de Nicole Percheron, edited by Breton Alain, Berthe J.-P., and Lecoin Sylvie, pp. 95–115. Presses Universitaires du Mirail, Université de Toulouse, Le Mirail, France.

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Vingt+etudes+sur+le+Mexique+et+le+Guatemala+r%C3%A9unies+%C3%A0+la+memoire+de+Nicole+Percheron&publication+year=1991&author=Migeon+G%C3%A9rald&au P.&author=Lecoin+Sylvie&pages=95-115) Migeon Gérald 1998 El poblamiento del malpaís de Zacapu y de sus alrededores, del clásico al posclásico. In Génesis, culturas y espacios en Michoacán, edited by Darras Véronique, pp. 35–45. Centre Français d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Mexico City. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cemca.3395) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=G%C3%A9nesis+culturas+y+espacios+en+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1998&author=Migeon+G%C3%A9rald&author=Darras+V%C3%A9ronique&pages=3545)

Novella Roberto, González Javier Martínez, and Cos Antonieta Mogul 2002 La costa norte de Michoacán en la época prehispánica. BAR International Series 1071. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=La+costa+norte+de+Michoac%C3%A1n+en+la+%C3%A9poca+prehisp%C3%A1nica&publication+year=2002&author=Novella+Roberto&author=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Javier+Ma O'Hara Sarah L. 1993 Historical Evidence of Fluctuations in the Level of Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México over the Last 600 Years. Geographical Journal 159(1):51–62. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451489) |

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Historical+Evidence+of+Fluctuations+in+the+Level+of+Lake+P%C3%A1tzcuaro+Michoac%C3%A1n+M%C3%A9xico+over+the+Last+600+Years&publication+year=1993&au 62) O'Hara Sarah L., Street-Perrott F. Alayne, and Burt Timothy P. 1993 Accelerated Soil Erosion around a Mexican Highland Lake Caused by Prehispanic Agriculture. Nature 362:48–51. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362048a0) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Accelerated+Soil+Erosion+around+a+Mexican+Highland+Lake+Caused+by+Prehispanic+Agriculture&publication+year=1993&author=O'Hara+Sarah+L.&author=StreetPerrott+F.+Alayne&author=Burt+Timothy+P.&journal=Nature&volume=362&doi=10.1038/362048a0&pages=48-51)

Paredes Gudiño Blanca 2004 El occidente de México en la conformación de la sociedad tolteca. Las tradiciones arqueológicas del occidente de México, edited by García Efraín Cárdenas, pp. 329–343. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Las+tradiciones+arqueol%C3%B3gicas+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=2004&author=Paredes+Gudi%C3%B1o+Blanca&author=Garc%C3%ADa+Efra 343)

Pereira Gregory 1996 Nuevos hallazgos funerarios en Loma Alta, Zacapu, Michoacán. En Las cuencas del occidente de México. Época prehispánica, edited by Williams Eduardo and Weigand Phil C., pp. 105–129. Centre Français d'Études Mexicaines et Centre-Américaines, Instituto de Investigación Científica para el Desarrollo en Cooperación, El Colegio de Michoacán, Mexico. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Las+cuencas+del+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico.+%C3%89poca+prehisp%C3%A1nica&publication+year=1996&author=Pereira+Gregory&author=Williams+Eduardo&autho 129) Pereira Gregory 1999 Potrero de Guadalupe. Anthropologie funéraire d'une communauté pré-tarasque du nord du Michoacán, Mexique. BAR International Series 816. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Potrero+de+Guadalupe.+Anthropologie+fun%C3%A9raire+d'une+communaut%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9tarasque+du+nord+du+Michoac%C3%A1n+Mexique&publication+year=1999&author=Pereira+Gregory) Pereira Gregory, Michelet Dominique, and Migeon Gerald 2007 Cerro Barajas, Guanajuato. Arqueología Mexicana 15(87):77–82.

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Cerro+Barajas+Guanajuato&publication+year=2007&author=Pereira+Gregory&author=Michelet+Dominique&author=Migeon+Gerald&journal=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Mexica 82)

Phillips Catherine Anderson 2002 Neglected Artifacts: A Study of Reworked Ceramic Sherds from the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Mexico. Unpublished master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar? q=Phillips+Catherine+Anderson+2002+Neglected+Artifacts:+A+Study+of+Reworked+Ceramic+Sherds+from+the+Lake+P%C3%A1tzcuaro+Basin+Mexico.+Unpublished+master's

Piña Chan Román, and Oí Kuniaki 1982 Exploraciones arqueológicas en Tingambato, Michoacán. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Exploraciones+arqueol%C3%B3gicas+en+Tingambato+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1982&author=Pi%C3%B1a+Chan+Rom%C3%A1n&author=O%C3%AD+Kuniak

Pollard Helen P. 1977 An Analysis of Urban Zoning and Planning in Prehispanic Tzintzuntzan. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 121:46–69. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=An+Analysis+of+Urban+Zoning+and+Planning+in+Prehispanic+Tzintzuntzan&publication+year=1977&author=Pollard+Helen+P&journal=Proceedings+of+the+American+P 69)

Pollard Helen P. 1980 Central Places and Cities: A Consideration of the Protohistoric Tarascan State. American Antiquity 45:677–696. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280141) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Central+Places+and+Cities:+A+Consideration+of+the+Protohistoric+Tarascan+State&publication+year=1980&author=Pollard+Helen+P&journal=American+Antiquity&volu 696) Pollard Helen P. 1982 Water and Politics: Paleoecology and the Centralization of the Tarascan State. Paper presented for symposium on Paleoecology and Man in Central Mexico, 44th International Congress of Americanists, Manchester. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Water+and+Politics:+Paleoecology+and+the+Centralization+of+the+Tarascan+State&publication+year=1982&author=Pollard+Helen+P) Pollard Helen P. 1993 Tariacuri's Legacy: The Prehispanic State. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Tariacuri's+Legacy:+The+Prehispanic+State&publication+year=1993&author=Pollard+Helen+P)

Pollard Helen P. 1995 Estudio del surgimiento del estado tarasco: Investigaciones recientes. In Arqueología del occidente y norte de México, edited by Williams Eduardo and Weigand Phil C., pp. 29–63. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+del+occidente+y+norte+de+M%C3%A9xico&publication+year=1995&author=Pollard+Helen+P&author=Williams+Eduardo&author=Weigand+Phil+C.& 63) Pollard Helen P. 2000 Proyecto Desarrollo del Estado Tarasco: Los Señoríos Urichu, Xaracuaro, y Pareo (1990– 1998). Informe final al Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar? q=Pollard+Helen+P+.+2000+Proyecto+Desarrollo+del+Estado+Tarasco:+Los+Se%C3%B1or%C3%ADos+Urichu+Xaracuaro+y+Pareo+ (1990%E2%80%931998).+Informe+final+al+Consejo+de+Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Instituto+Nacional+de+Antropolog%C3%ADa+e+Historia.) Pollard Helen P. 2003 Central Places and Cities in the Core of the Tarascan State. In Urbanization in Mesoamerica, edited by Sanders William T. and Mastache Alba Guadalupe, pp. 345–390. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and Pennsylvania University Press, University Park. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Urbanization+in+Mesoamerica&publication+year=2003&author=Pollard+Helen+P&author=Sanders+William+T.&author=Mastache+Alba+Guadalupe&pages=345390)

Pollard Helen P. 2005a Michoacán en el mundo mesoamericano prehispánico: Erongaricuaro, Michoacán y los estados teotihuacano y tarasco. In El antiguo occidente de México. Nuevas perspectivas sobre el pasado prehispánico, edited by Williams Eduardo, Weigand Phil C., López Mestas Lorenza, and Grove David, pp. 283–303. El Colegio de Michoacán, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Guadalajara. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+antiguo+occidente+de+M%C3%A9xico.+Nuevas+perspectivas+sobre+el+pasado+prehisp%C3%A1nico&publication+year=2005&author=Pollard+Helen+P&author=Willia 303) Pollard Helen P. 2005b Proyecto Erongaricuaro. Informe técnico parcial al Consejo de Arqueologia, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Temporada 1 (Campo) 2001, Temporada 2 (Laboratorio) 2002–2004. May. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Proyecto+Erongaricuaro&publication+year=2005&author=Pollard+Helen+P)

Pollard Helen P., and Cahue Laura 1999 Mortuary Patterns of Regional Elites in the Lake Patzcuaro Basin of Western Mexico. Latin American Antiquity 10:259–280. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972030) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Mortuary+Patterns+of+Regional+Elites+in+the+Lake+Patzcuaro+Basin+of+Western+Mexico&publication+year=1999&author=Pollard+Helen+P.&author=Cahue+Laura&jour 280)

Pollard Helen P., and Gorenstein Shirley 1980 Agrarian Potential, Population and the Tarascan State. Science 209:274–277. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4453.274) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Agrarian+Potential+Population+and+the+Tarascan+State&publication+year=1980&author=Pollard+Helen+P.&author=Gorenstein+Shirley&journal=Science&volume=209&d 277) | PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17807116) Pollard Helen P., and Haskell David 2006 Proyecto Erongaricuaro. Informe técnico parcial al Consejo de Arqueologia, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Temporada II. May. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Proyecto+Erongaricuaro&publication+year=2006&author=Pollard+Helen+P.&author=Haskell+David)

Pollard Helen P., Hirshman Amy, Neff Hector, and Glascock Michael 2001 Las elites, el intercambio de bienes y el surgimiento del area nuclear tarasca: Analisis de la ceramica de la cuenca de patzcuaro. In Estudios ceramicos en el occidente y norte de Mexico, edited by Williams Eduardo and Weigand Phil C., pp. 289–309. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Estudios+ceramicos+en+el+occidente+y+norte+de+Mexico&publication+year=2001&author=Pollard+Helen+P.&author=Hirshman+Amy&author=Neff+Hector&author=Glasc 309) Porter Weaver Murial Noe 1969 A Reappraisal of Chupícuaro. In The Natalie Wood Collection of Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Chupícuaro, Guanajuato, Mexico, edited by Frierman Jay R., pp. 81–92. University of California Press, Los Angeles. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Natalie+Wood+Collection+of+PreColumbian+Ceramics+from+Chup%C3%ADcuaro+Guanajuato+Mexico&publication+year=1969&author=Porter+Weaver+Murial+Noe&author=Frierman+Jay+R.&pages=8192) Puaux Olivier 1989 Les pratiques funéraires tarasques (approche ethnohistorique et archéologique). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertaion, Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Les+pratiques+fun%C3%A9raires+tarasques+ (approche+ethnohistorique+et+arch%C3%A9ologique)&publication+year=1989&author=Puaux+Olivier)

Pulido Méndez Salvador 2003 Salvamento arqueológico en dos carreteras de Michoacán. Resultados de las investigaciones. Arqueología 29:45–62. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Salvamento+arqueol%C3%B3gico+en+dos+carreteras+de+Michoac%C3%A1n.+Resultados+de+las+investigaciones&publication+year=2003&author=Pulido+M%C3%A9nd 62) Relación de Michoacán 1956 Relación de las ceremonias y ritos y población y gobierno de Michoacan. Reproducción facsimilar del Ms IV de El Escorial, Madrid, edited by Tudela José. Aguilar Publicistas, Madrid. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Relaci%C3%B3n+de+las+ceremonias+y+ritos+y+poblaci%C3%B3n+y+gobierno+de+Michoacan&publication+year=1956&author=Tudela+Jos%C3%A9) Relación de Michoacán 1980 La Relación de Michoacán. Versión paleográfica, edited by Miranda F.. Estudios Michoacanos V. Fimax, Morelia, Michoacan. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=La+Relaci%C3%B3n+de+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=1980&author=Miranda+F.)

Relación de Michoacán 2000 Relación de la ceremonias y rictos y población y gobernación de los indios de la provincia de Michoacán. Edited by Franco Mendoza Moisés de Michoacan Colegio, Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Relaci%C3%B3n+de+la+ceremonias+y+rictos+y+poblaci%C3%B3n+y+gobernaci%C3%B3n+de+los+indios+de+la+provincia+de+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=2000

Relación de Michoacán 2001 Relación de Michoacán. Edited by Escobar Olmedo Armando Mauricio. Nacional Patrimonio, de Morelia H. Ayuntamiento, Testimonio Compañía Editorial, Madrid. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Relaci%C3%B3n+de+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=2001&author=Escobar+Olmedo+Armando+Mauricio&author=Nacional+Patrimonio&author=de+Morelia+H.+Ayun

Sewall William H Jr., William . 1996 Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille. Theory and Society 25(6):841–881. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159818) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Historical+Events+as+Transformations+of+Structures:+Inventing+Revolution+at+the+Bastille&publication+year=1996&author=Sewall+William+H&author=William&journal 881) Silverstein Jay E. 2000 A Study of the Late Postclassic Aztec–Tarascan Frontier in Northern Guerrero, Mexico: The Oztuma-Cutzamala Project. Unpublished PhD. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar? q=Silverstein+Jay+E+.+2000+A+Study+of+the+Late+Postclassic+Aztec%E2%80%93Tarascan+Frontier+in+Northern+Guerrero+Mexico:+The+OztumaCutzamala+Project.+Unpublished+PhD.+dissertation+Department+of+Anthropology+Pennsylvania+State+University+University+Park.)

Silverstein Jay E. 2001 Aztec Imperialism at Oztuma, Guerrero: Aztec–Chontal Relations during the Late Postclassic and Early Colonial Periods. Ancient Mesoamerica 12:1–30. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0956536101121115) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Aztec+Imperialism+at+Oztuma+Guerrero:+Aztec%E2%80%93Chontal+Relations+during+the+Late+Postclassic+and+Early+Colonial+Periods&publication+year=2001&autho 30) Stone Cynthia L. 2004 In Place of Gods and Kings: Authorship and Identity in the Relación de Michoacán University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=In+Place+of+Gods+and+Kings:+Authorship+and+Identity+in+the+Relaci%C3%B3n+de+Michoac%C3%A1n&publication+year=2004&author=Stone+Cynthia+L) Toledo Victor Manuel 1991 Pátzcuaro's Lesson: Nature, Production, and Culture in an Indigenous Region of México. In Biodiversity: Culture, Conservation, and Ecodevelopment, edited by Oldfield Margery L. and Alcorn Janis B., pp. 147–171. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Biodiversity:+Culture+Conservation+and+Ecodevelopment&publication+year=1991&author=Toledo+Victor+Manuel&author=Oldfield+Margery+L.&author=Alcorn+Janis+B 171) Toledo Victor Manuel, and Barrera-Bassols Narcisco 1984 Ecología y desarrollo rural en Pátzcuaro. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Ecolog%C3%ADa+y+desarrollo+rural+en+P%C3%A1tzcuaro&publication+year=1984&author=Toledo+Victor+Manuel&author=BarreraBassols+Narcisco) Valdez Francisco, and Liot Catherine 1994 La cuenca de Sayula: Yacimientos de sal en la frontera oeste del estado tarasco. In El Michoacán antiguo, edited by de Lameiras Brigitte Boehm, pp. 285–305. El Colegio de Michoacán and El Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán, Zamora. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=El+Michoac%C3%A1n+antiguo&publication+year=1994&author=Valdez+Francisco&author=Liot+Catherine&author=de+Lameiras+Brigitte+Boehm&pages=285305) Warren J. Benedict 1968 Minas de cobre de Michoacan, 1533. Anales del Museo Michoacano 6:35–52. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Minas+de+cobre+de+Michoacan+1533&publication+year=1968&author=Warren+J.+Benedict&journal=Anales+del+Museo+Michoacano&volume=6&pages=3552) Warren J. Benedict 1985 The Conquest of Michoacan. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=The+Conquest+of+Michoacan&publication+year=1985&author=Warren+J.+Benedict) Yoffee Norman 2005 Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States and Civilizations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. CrossRef (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489662) | Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Myths+of+the+Archaic+State:+Evolution+of+the+Earliest+Cities+States+and+Civilizations&publication+year=2005&author=Yoffee+Norman)