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DHARMABHATU: A STUJJY or HUA-iTJ;n BUDDHIGK
A STUDY OF CHIHZoE HTJA-YEN BUDDHISM
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE! JHARMDHATU
(FA-CHIEIl)
DOCTRINE
■by KANG NAM
OH, M.A,
A Thesis
Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the for the
Requirements
Degree
Doctor of
Philosophy
McMaster
University
October
1976
DOCTOR 0? PHILOSOPHY
(1976)
KoMASTER UNIVERSITY
(Religious Sciences) TITLE;
A
Study
Hamilton, Ontario
of Chinese
Hua-yen
Buddhism with
Reference to the Dharmadhatu AUTHOR;
Kang
SUPERVISOR?
Nam
Special Doctrine
Oh, £»*««9
II
Ill
.
.
A.
The
B.
The Contextual
The
Avate-asa^a-jsutra
A,
The
B.
The Basic Structure of the Sutra.
The
Hua-yen
A.
The
Background
of the
>3.
The
History of
the
II. III. IV.
The
History
Meaning
of "DharTnadhatu"
of "Dharmadhatu"
.
School
School.
School
.....
.
The
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Founding of
the
Dhajmadhatu
Doctrine
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by Tu-shun..
The Formulation of the Dharmadhatu Doctrine
Systematization
Tsung-mi
PART THREE:
by Chih-yen.
of the Dharmadhatu Doctrine
The Elucidation of the and
Dharmadhatu
Doctrine by
......
by Fa-tsang.
.
.
.132 .152
Ch'eng-kuan
CONCLUSION
The
Philosophical Implications
II.
The
Religious Significance of
of the Dharraadba.tu Doctrine the Dharmadhatu Doctrine
The Historical Influence of the Dharmadhatu Doctrine....
X'X^lj-i-'J^-^iX'lli
.103
...... >«*»«<
I.
III,
.
..22
.......
0
of the Sutra,
..11
THE DHARMADHATU DOCTRINE IN THE HUA-YEN SCHOOL
PART TWO:
I.
Etymological Meaning
209 ....224
239
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of the Five Patriarchs of the Dharmadhatu
School)
„
Tripitaka in Chinese) (Taiwan: reprint 1967, from Man.ii Zokuzokyo). 134, PP. 271ff., and Bussho Kaisetsu Tai.iiten. For Hsu-fa, see Mochitzuki, Bukkyo Tai.iiten. p. 3146c. vol. 10, ppT8c-9a. For the usage of the term dharmadhatu prior to Fa-tsang, see his Wu-chiaor 45, p. 480c, and Oda, Bukkyo Jiten, chang (Essay on the Five Teachings JT T
(Supplementary
.
p.
1594a,
7
In
meaning.
addition,
brief
a
(Hua-yen ching)
Avat ams aka- s u t r a Our main
will be made to survey both the
attempt
and the
attention, however,
will be focused
of the dharmadhatu doctrine within the
therefore, from
we
T'ang period. idea of be
The question of how these
.dharmadhatu
analyzed
and how
Three,
doctrine,
on
the basis of
will
we
dharmadhatu doctrine.
meaning by asking
inquire
in terms of its
Second,
whether it
some
dharmadhatu doctrine We will
possible
try
within its is to
explore
as
on
the
in their
own
terms v/ill
to make the own
scope.
the
Hua-yen dharjradhatu doctrine
characterized
patriarchs, subjects itself,
or
the
such
as
Hua-yen
of
as
since the
presented
the detailed
can
in
be assessed
of the
general.
primary an
And
Hua-yen
comprehensive
in the
analysis
outsiders,
tradition.
impact
history
"religious"
some
Hua-yen
"historical"
However,
by
whether it
present study
as
of the
question of its signi
Hua-yen philosophy through
study
assess
investigation
"philosophical" implications
Chinese religious
the
sUtra
development
during the Sui-
lived
will also discuss its
we
is,
our
religious contribution to
v/ill further
we
it
into the
"a pointless expostion of empty words,"
third,
Two,
patriarchs understood this
they presented
We v/ill first examine
ficance.
development
in detail.
In Part dharmadhatu
patriarchs, who
school.
In Part
school.
Hua-yen
the
on
v/ill examine the doctrine in terms of its
to another of its five
one
(Avatarnsaka)
Hua-yen
as
purpose of
investigation
into
writings of the
of the
the extensive verification of historical
Ayatamsaka-
the
much
Learning
of the Northern
Yung(5^f|
1011-1077),
,
1020-1077), Ch'eng Eao(3l>fj, 1032-1035),
andCh'engl
7"7
Tsung-mi be
a
's
counterattack
Yuan-jen-Iun( the Original
against
his
contemporary
Bary, ed. The Buddhist Tradition Library, 1969), p. 179*
Modem
38
Chan,
op.
cit.,
p.
67.
in
Nature
Han Yu.
of
Kan)
See Km.
India, China and Japan
is
said to
Theodore de
(llew
York, The
254
("tUfc, 1033-1107), 59 (rtS
1130-1200),
»
the
who
concept of li
synthesized
Neo-Confucian predecessors.
in contrast
Neo-Confucianists, their basic
A1 '
with such
there
tendency
/2 T
development
H.
is
not
abstract
^9
Carsun pp.
,
around the
concept
for this?
There
evidence that
of
the
influence of
Chang,
157-2^-1;
school"
All of these built
other,
of li.
probably
single
no
factor
of
connected
directly
Buddhism, particularly Eua-yen
li
in
these Neo-Confucian The
is
1139-
,
the Confucianist way
major
from Yoshi
meaning [of
) .4°
v/ith each
they agreed
Nakamura, quoting
of this
434-532; vol. 1,
reason
the
v/as
''For details
'
or
great change in the trend of
a
But
a
philosophy.
v/hether
could be the
for such
thinking.
"Rationalistic school" (*? ^
to the
its climax.
Hsiang-shan(j^.^; J*
Lu
contemporary,
philosophical systems
What
PP* cit.
concept reached
who become the founder of the rival so-called "Idealist
(