Idea Transcript
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882 Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
A Ubiquitous Based System for Health Care Monitoring S. Monicka1, C. Suganya2, S. Nithya Bharathi3, A.P.Sindhu4 P.G Student, Velammal College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India1,2 U.G Student, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India3 U.G Student, Velammal College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India4
ABSTRACT Mobile phone technology has advanced in recent year. Many innovative applications with mobile phones were implemented apart from the conventional voice data transfer. Short Message Service (SMS) originally developed for sending status information by the service providers has found numerous applications recently including business transactions. This paper describes, a prototype of a wireless health monitoring system capable of sending SMS related to the health status of the patient developed using Arduino and GSM technology.It is a combination of ubiquitous computing with mobile health technology to monitor the well being of patients. The arduino analyses the data in real-time and determines whether the person needs external help. It interfaces with medical devices and offer suggestions based on the readings. When anomalies are detected or a threshold is reached, the monitoring system automatically transmits the information to the doctor’s hand phone on the mobile network as a SMS message via a GSM and in case of critical conditions it automatically gives SMS or call to the ambulance. It mainly focuses to improve the health of people, reduce in Hospitalization and Assistant Cost and could ease the burden on the health-care system.
for measuring biological parameters like body temperature and pulse rate and passing the measured vital signs as input signals through signal conditioning circuit to the Arduino. The measured information has been transmitted through serial port communication via RS232 from the Arduino to the local computer for the storage of patient records, including automatic processing and analysis. In the local computer after processing and analysis, decisions are made on sending an SMS to a specific doctor if readings go above a certain set threshold. II.
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
The whole Ubiquitous based system for health care monitoring can be sub divided into three main units as shown in the block diagram Figure 1 that interact with each other to provide real time monitoring, processing and reporting. They are Data acquisition unit, Data processing unit and Data communication unit.
Keywords - Arduino, E-health sensor shield, Healthcare, GSM, Sensors, Ubiquitous Computing
I.
INTRODUCTION
Ubiquitous based system for health care monitoring is generally based on using wearable sensor devices for collecting medical data from patients residing far away from hospitals. Ubiquitous monitoring systems have advanced recently with the advent of Short Message Service (SMS) provided by telecommunication service providers. Monitoring devices can be interfaced to PCs and with the help of Arduino and GSM gateway devices, messages can be sent to mobile numbers if there is an abnormal activity recorded by the monitoring device. The task of the project undertaken is to design, implement, test and develop a prototype of the Ubiquitous based system for monitoring system. The main concept of the project is to implement a complete unit consisting of health monitoring sensors
Figure 1: System block diagram Data acquisition unit mainly consists of biomedical sensors for measuring heart rate and body temperature with interfacing to Arduino. This unit acquires the data and makes it available for the data processing unit. Medical sensors allow for easy and pervasive electronic measurement of several health parameters. Such medical sensors will be mounted on the person’s body, which continuously monitor the body parameters of the person like pulse rate, body
www.ijsret.org
833
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882 Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
temperature, etc. and provides output in the form of electric signals. These signals are then compared to a standard range of acceptable values set as the threshold in the data processing unit [1]. The data processing unit consists of a Arduino with sufficient memory to convert the digital signal coming from the data acquisition unit through sensors into a format appropriate for transmission via RS232 serial port communication to a PC for analyzing and displaying the data [1]. The main functions of this unit are, the incoming medical parameters measured on a patient can be viewed in the local PC, the collected accurate patient medical information’s will be carefully monitored and whenever this unit senses abnormalities, when inspecting, processing and analysing the available medical information automatically passes the message text to the data communication unit to send SMS to the doctor. This essentially consists of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modem / SMS gateway. When an anomaly is detected or a critical condition is reached, the data is sent to the specified doctor’s cell phone numbers as an SMS message via the GSM modem / SMS gateway [2-3].
III.
TECHNOLOGIES USED 3.1 GSM Technology
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signalling and speech channels are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system. GSM EDGE is a 3G version of the protocol. The ubiquity of the GSM standard has been an advantage to both consumers (who benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without switching phones) and also to network operators (who can choose equipment from any of the many vendors implementing GSM). GSM also pioneered a lowcost (to the network carrier) alternative to voice calls, the short message service (SMS, also called "text messaging"), which is now supported on other mobile standards as well. The advantages of GSM technology are as follows: 1. Improved spectrum efficiency. 2. International roaming. 3. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BSs). 4. High-quality speech.
5. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services. 6. Support for new services. 3.2 SMS (Short Message Services) Short message service (SMS) is a part of the GSM specification. It is a globally accepted wireless service that enables the transmission of alphanumeric messages between mobile subscribers and external systems such as electronic mail, paging, and voicemail systems. Messages must be no longer than 160 alphanumeric characters and contain no images or graphics. Once a message is sent, it is received by a Short Message Service Centre (SMSC), which must then get it to the appropriate mobile device. To do this, the SMSC sends a SMS Request to the home location register (HLR) to find the roaming customer. Once the HLR receives the request, it will respond to the SMSC with the subscriber's status: 1) inactive or active 2) where subscriber is roaming. If the response is "inactive", then the SMSC will hold onto the message for a period of time. When the subscriber accesses his device, the HLR sends a SMS Notification to the SMSC, and the SMSC will attempt delivery. The SMSC transfers the message in a Short Message Delivery Point to Point format to the serving system. The system pages the device, and if it responds, the message gets delivered. The SMSC receives verification that the message was received by the end user, then categorizes the message as "sent" and will not attempt to send again. The advantages of SMS are as follows: 1. Delivery of notifications and alert. 2. Guaranteed message deliver. 3. Reliable, low-cost communication mechanism for concise information. 4. Ability to screen messages and return calls in a selective way. 5. Increased subscriber productivity.
IV.
MODULES
4.1 Sensors The Sensors such as Pulse, Temperature, Glucometer and Heart Beat are used in the Ubiquitous based system for health monitoring.These sensors are connected to the Arduino through E – Health sensor shield. 4.1.1 Body Temperature Sensor This sensor allows you to measure body temperature. Numbers of diseases are accompanied by characteristic changes in body temperature so it is necessary to measure body temperature. Likewise, the course of certain diseases can be monitored by
www.ijsret.org
834
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882 Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
measuring body temperature, and the efficiency of a treatment initiated can be evaluated by the physician. 4.1.2 Blood Pressure Sensor Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through the arteries to the rest of your body. This force creates pressure on the arteries. Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers—the systolic pressure (as the heart beats) over the diastolic pressure (as the heart relaxes between beats). High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to serious problems like heart attack, stroke or kidney disease. High blood pressure usually does not have any symptoms, so it is needed to have your blood pressure checked regularly.
These sensors are placed in the patient’s body monitoring. This simply implies the wearable technology. 4.2 Arduino The Arduino micro controllers are low cost, flexible andsuitable for a wide variety of applications. In recent Arduino in used rather than PIC microcontroller. It is used because of their low cost,wide availability, large collection of application notes, availability of open source developer tool, and because of its easy programming[7].Data collected from various sensors is sent to the local pc through Arduino. Ifmeasured parameter value is above threshold valueautomatically send the alert SMS is sent to the doctor orpatients according to the threshold value.
4.1.3 Glucometer Sensor Glucometer is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. A small drop of blood, obtained by pricking the skin with a lancet, is placed on a disposable test strip that the meter reads and uses to calculate the blood glucose level. The meter then displays the level in mg/dl or mmol/l. 4.1.4 Pulse & Oxygen in Blood Sensor Pulse oximetry a noninvasive method of indicating the arterial oxygen saturation of functional hemoglobin. Oxygen saturation is defined as the measurement of the amount of oxygen dissolved in blood, based on the detection of Hemoglobin and Deoxyhemoglobin. Two different light wavelengths are used to measure the actual difference in the absorption spectra of HbO2 and Hb. The bloodstream is affected by the concentration of HbO2 and Hb, and their absorption coefficients are measured using two wavelengths 660 nm (red light spectra) and 940 nm (infrared light spectra). Deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin absorb different wavelengths.
Figure 3: Arduino UNO 4.3 GSM Modem GSM modem a special type of modem [5] which has aSIM card, and works over a subscription to a mobile operator,as same as mobile phone. For the mobile operator, GSMmodem simply looks like a mobile phone. When it isconnected to a computer, it allows the computer tocommunicate to the mobile network. Mainly GSM modemsare used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.This can be performed by using Extended AT commands. Byusing these AT Command we perform various applicationslike sending sms, checks the signal strength. Some importantAT Commands [6] are, AT (Attention command) AT+CREG? (To check signal) AT+CMGS='''' (To send sms) AT+CMGR= (To read sms) AT+CMGD= (To delete sms) ATD984I4XXXXX; (To make call)
Figure 2: Sensors deployed on the E – Health Sensor Shield
www.ijsret.org
835
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882 Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
VI.
Figure 4: GSM SIM 900 Shield
V.
IMPLEMENTATIONS AND RESULTS
After the procurement of the sensors on the patient’s body which measures the body temperature, blood pressure, glucose level in blood and etc of theperson and sends it to the Arduino microcontroller. A circuit is designed for transferring thedata from Arduino to the local database. Databaseis created using MYSQL and after processing in databaseSMS alert is sent according to given condition. The sample screenshots of the Hardware Design using ArduinoMicrocontroller and the sensors are shown inFigure 5.
Figure 5: Hardware Design The Figure 6 shows the message with the patient’s body temperature and pulse rate per minute.
CONCLUSION
We designed a sensor circuit for detecting body temperature, glucose level in blood, & etc value of a person by using Pulse sensor, Glucometer sensor, Body Temperature sensor and heart beat sensor andinterfaced with Arduino UNO microcontroller. The value obtained is a digitalvalue which is displayed in the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)and simulated result is obtained using Arduino software. The values are transmitted to the local PC using serial cable. After processing SMS alertis given to the patient or doctor according to Threshold valuein Emergency situation. For example, if oxygenRate in blood is less than 80, Alertis given to the patient for taking precaution. If it is less than50, Alert is given to doctor for an immediate treatment toprevent person from severe diseases. In Future, Ubiquitous based system for health care monitoring will be enhanced as Web based which will be the one of the improvements in the emerging technologies. REFERENCES [1] Khuzadi, M, ―On health monitoring‖, Aerospace Conference, 2008 IEEE, 1-8 March 2008, pp 1 – 8. [2] Hata, Y.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kobashi, S.; Taniguchi, K.; Nakajima, H, ―A human health monitoring system of systems in bed‖, System of Systems Engineering, 2008. SoSE '08. IEEE International Conference on 2-4 June 2008, pp 1 - 6 [3] Hoang, D.B, ―Wireless technologies and architectures for health monitoring systems‖, Digital Society, 2007. ICDS '07, First International Conference on the 2-6 Jan. 2007 pp 6 - 6 [4] Nambu, M.; Nakajima, K.; Kawarada, A.; Tamura, T, ―The automatic health monitoring system for home health care”, Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, 2000. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE EMBS International Conference on 9-10 Nov. 2000 pp 79 – 82 [5] http://www.nO\vsms.com/faq/what-is-a-gsmmodem. [6] http://ece.jagansindia.in/2012/06/basic-atcommands- for- gsm -rnodern/ [7] http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
Figure 6: GSM SMS Example
www.ijsret.org
836