Idea Transcript
Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples Lawrence E. Susskind Isabelle Anguelovski
Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples
Lawrence E. Susskind Isabelle Anguelovski
Library of Congress Control Number 2008926096 © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program on Human Rights and Justice
Cover photo courtesy of Shizuka Hashimoto Community members resist the flooding of an Adivasi village by a dam project in India.
Contents Abstract
1
About the Authors
1
Introduction: What is indigeneity?
3
1. Indigeneity and the land: The vital link
12
2. Defining borders between indigenous peoples and dominant cultures
18
3. Sustaining traditional ways of life
22
4. Using national and international strategies
27
5. State reactions to indigenous peoples’ land claims
34
6. Doing the ground work: Preconditions for successful claims
47
7. First Peoples’ land claims: An uncertain future
52
The Case Studies
58
The Quichwa people of Sarayaku (Ecuador) Isabelle Anguelovski
58
The Mapuche (Chile) Alexis Schulman
62
The Amerindians (Guyana) Summer Austin and Jonathan Kaufman
67
The Pima: A Gila River Indian community (Arizona, United States) Steven Lewis and Maria Reyes
70
The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot (Maine, United States) J. Eric Kent
73
The Native Hawaiians (United States) Katherine Wallace
78
The Nisga’a (Canada) Andrea Glen
83
The Tatars of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukraine) Artur Demchuk
87
The Bedouins (Israel and Jordan) Thalia Berman-Kishony
91
The Tsou (Taiwan) Shunling Chen
93
The Adivasi (India) Shizuka Hashimoto
98
The Richtersveld Community (South Africa) Jessica Tucker-Mohl
102
The Yonggom (Papua New Guinea) Autumn Graham
106
Notes
110
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Table 1! ! Group/Tribe "#$#%#&'! ()*)+*$,!-.! /0*!1)#2-34#3! 5'4607#8!
Location (Continent, country) "-'/0! 1)*$46#9! :6'#;-$!
Number of People
Area Occupied
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
Unresolved.!P3!Q#$609!!$'>43G!-3!4/,!6#,*!+*.-$*! /0*!P3/*$?1)*$46#3!J-'$/!.-$!T')#3!U4G0/,! -3!F-,,4+>*!$*F#$#/4-3,!.$-)!/0*!:6'#;-$4#3! "/#/*!#3;!#6&3-7>*;G)*3/!/0#/!/0*!,/#/*!0#,! H4->#/*;!/0*!:6'#;-$4#3!J-3,/4/'/4-3I! ! UnresolvedI!M*%!P3;]G*3#!-.!ADDB!6$*#/*;!#!! 7#/*$!#3;!>#3;!.'3;^!$*6-G342*;!/0*!$4G0/,!-.! /0*!43;4G*3-',!#3;!/0*4$!>*G#>!$4G0/!/-!+*! 6-3,'>/*;!#3;!6-3,4;*$*;!43!;*64,4-3,! #..*6/43G!/0*4$!>4H*,^!#3;!*,/#+>4,0*;!#! ;*6*3/$#>42*;!F'+>46!#G*36%!/-!-H*$,**!/0*! #FF>46#/4-3!-.!/0*!>#7I!T-7*H*$9!/0*!PMX! J-3H*3/4-3!ARD!7#,!3*H*$!$#/4.4*;II!E0*! Q#F'60*!7*$*!3-/!G$#3/*;!.'>>!6-3/$->!-H*$! /0*4$!$*,-'$6*,!-$!F$-/*6/4-3!-.!/0*4$!>#3;,I! E0*!M#G-,!#;)434,/$#/4-3!(!
Number of People!
Area Occupied!
Claim!
Status of the Claim
441555 6
789!#&::&,'! /$0.)%$*! ;:$! I)'.*!*,:$!0,'.%,:!,@$%!I).$%!%$*,-%0$*! )'(!)!!;?==
Group/Tribe! !"#$%!
Location (Continent, country)! &#'()! "('*(+!
Number of People!
Area Occupied!
Claim!
,)-..!
-),//!0( 12
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