Idea Transcript
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Chapter
Reading Exams
ในบทนี้น้องๆ จะได้เรียนรู้เรื่องต่อไปนี้
Reading Comprehension 1. Reading Techniques 2. Types of Reading - Document Reading - Long Passage Reading - Sentence Rearrangement 3. Category Reading - Environment - Business and Economy - Science and Technology - Social Science - Health and Medicine - Law and Justice
“Books are the ultimate Dumpees: put them down and they’ll wait for you forever; pay attention to them and they always love you back.” ― John Green, An Abundance of Katherines คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION Admission Gat Onet.indb 11
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Chapter 1: Reading Exams
ข้อสอบในส่วนนีค้ อื การอ่านและท�ำความเข้าใจ โดยข้อสอบจะวัดทักษะในการอ่านของเราด้วย text หลากหลายรูปแบบ
“อย่ากลัวตัวหนงสื ั อ อย่าแหยงเวลาเห็น text ยาวๆ เอ้า ! เรามาเริ ่ มบทเรี ยนกันเลย”
TIPS & TRICKS 7 รูปแบบค�ำถามที่พบบ่อยใน Reading Passage ค�ำถามที่ต้องท�ำทันที
ค�ำถามที่เก็บไว้ท�ำทีหลัง
1. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
5. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
6. …………………………………. 7. ………………………………….
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Reading Techniques เก็บเกี่ยวเทคนิคพิชิตค�ำถาม 7 ประเภท
1. Vocabulary 2. Reference Reference มักจะถามว่า ……....……… ที่ใช้ใน passage นั้น ใช้แทนอะไร สิ่งนั้นต้องถูก กล่าวถึงมาแล้วใช่ไหมคะ หลักการคือ มองย้อนขึ้นไปว่ามีค�ำนามอะไรบ้าง แล้วลองเอามาแทนดู ว่าสมเหตุสมผลหรือไม่
TIPS & TRICKS โจทย์ถาม Reference ค�ำตอบมักจะอยู่ไม่ไกล คือ 1-2 ประโยค ก่อนหน้า
(Ent’ OCT 42)
Most vaccines are delivered in shots or pills, but the new one will be incorporated in raw potatoes. The potatoes have been genetically engineered to produce the key piece of an E.coli toxin that causes acute diarrhea. As the spuds move through the intestinal system and are digested, the toxin fragment is released and exposed to the immune system, which then generates antibodies against the toxin.
คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION Admission Gat Onet.indb 13
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The word “which” refers to the ……..
1. toxin fragment
2. intestinal system
3. immune system
4. potato vaccine
3. Details
ข้อสอบ Details มักถามรายละเอียดปลีกย่อยของ passage โดยตัวเลือกในแต่ละข้อนั้นจะ ไม่ใช้ค�ำศัพท์ค�ำเดียวกับใน passage โดยตรง แต่เป็นการใช้ ………………………………....…….. (Synonym) หรือเป็นการน�ำประโยคเดิมมาเขียนใหม่ในแบบอื่นๆ ………………… ลักษณะของ choices ก็ช่วยให้เราตัดตัวเลือกได้นะคะ ตัวเลือกที่เฉพาะเจาะจงมากๆ มักจะไม่ถูกต้อง ข้อสอบอาจถามเกี่ยวกับตัวเลขสถิติต่างๆ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นปีที่เกิดเหตุการณ์ ราคา อายุ หรือ หมายเลขโทรศัพท์ ซึง่ ถ้าถามแบบนี้ จะช่วยเราได้มากๆ เพราะเราสามารถไป scan หาค�ำตอบ จาก passage ได้อย่างรวดเร็วค่ะ
(Ent’ OCT 42)
Most people throughout the world experience some form of silence. However, people’s attitude toward silence is dramatically different in different cultural groups. Northern European and North American societies, for example, view silence as dark, negative, and full of “nothing” - - all of which are considered socially undesirable. In other cultures such as Japan, however, silence is often positively valued. Here, breaking silence is a necessary evil; speaking is a negative act.
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According to the article, what is true about ‘silence’?
1. Silence is always regarded as something negative.
2. Most cultures view silence as undesirable.
3. People throughout the world have the same opinion of silence.
4. People from different cultures interpret silence differently.
(Ent’ March 47)
Smith found the Egyptian dinosaur in what was once a coastal mangrove swamp (Paralititan means “tidal giant.”). The area is now part of the Sahara Desert. “We know that it was anything but a desert 94 million years ago,” says Smith. “It was a green tropical environment, comparable to south Florida.” The discovery is the first time a sauropod has been found in a mangrove forest. The dinosaur’s huge feet kept it from sinking into the swamp. Ninety – four million years ago, the Sahara had all of the following except ……........
1. a desert
2. mangroves
3. dinosaurs
4. a swamp
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4. Main Idea / Title
*** Main Idea มักจะอยู่ ………………………หรือ ……………………… การหา Main
Idea ควรใช้ Strategic Structure เพราะกลยุทธ์นี้ช่วยได้ในทุกส่วน ไม่ว่าจะเป็น อ่านเรื่อง, เดา ศัพท์ และที่ส�ำคัญ การจับ Main Idea ของเรื่อง นอกจากนี้ให้สังเกต keyword ค�ำหรือ วลี ที่ พูดซ�้ำๆ ซึ่งแสดงความคิดหลักของเรื่อง
(Ent’ OCT 43)
A flexible program that’s tailored to exactly meet ad’s needs is a big advantage of home schooling, kids who learn at home also have the teacher’s full attention all the time and for families who are unhappy with public schools and can’t afford to pay tuition at private schools, this may be the only choice. There are drawbacks. Homeschoolers may miss material that’s covered in school, and they have fewer chances to mix with a wide variety of other kids. Most parents who teach their children at home make sure that the children are involved in outside activities, like sports or youth groups.
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The main idea is …………..
1. states encourage home schooling for various reasons.
2. home schooling has both advantages and disadvantages.
3. parents are the best teachers for their own children.
4. public school violence leads to home schooling.
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5. Inference
ข้อสอบ Inference นัน้ เป็นการถามสรุปจากเรือ่ ง ถ้าเจอค�ำถาม Inference อย่าเพิง่ รีบตอบ
นะคะ น้องๆจะต้อง เนื้อเรื่องให้จบโดยตลอดเสียก่อน เพื่อจะเห็นภาพรวมของเรื่องที่ชัดเจนค่ะ ลักษณะของข้อสอบ อาจจะไม่ถามตรงๆ เราต้องน�ำข้อสรุปที่ได้ไปวิเคราะห์ หรือเปรียบเทียบเพิ่ม เติม
(GAT MAR 54)
This mother admitted she feels very lucky that the company understands and
supports her in giving her child breast milk. Not only does it save money but it has also strengthened the bond she feels with her child.
Because the mother didn’t have to send her child back to her hometown,
she is very happy in the workplace, which produces high-quality crystal pieces.
“I don’t have worries while working. When I think of my baby, I am happy and content that she is fast asleep. When my breasts start secreting, I just call a colleague and we go to the corner and start pumping milk for the baby. We meet our friends from other parts of the company and share our experiences,” she said.
1.
What can be inferred from the passage?
1. Babies who are fed breast milk are likely to be ill.
2. More and more women are interested in the jewelry industry.
3. Women work more efficiently when don’t need to worry about their babies.
4. Many companies are promoting a breast feeding program.
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6. Attitude / Tone / Purpose
ข้อสอบที่ถาม Attitude/ Tone/ Purpose นั้น น้องๆต้องหาว่า ผู้เขียนต้องการสื่ออะไรให้แก่
ผู้อ่านค่ะ โดยดูได้จาก ………………….…… ที่มีอยู่ใน passage นั้นว่ามี ว่ามีความหมายในเชิง บวกหรือลบ Positive Humorous Worried Negative Favorable Outraged Neutral Unfavorable Optimistic Amused Critical Pessimistic Objective Pleased Angry Impersonal Respectful Defiant
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เชิงบวก ตลก เป็นกังวล เชิงลบ ชื่นชอบ โกรธ เป็นกลาง ไม่พอใจ มองโลกแง่ดี น่าขบขัน เชิงวิจารณ์ มองโลกแง่ร้าย ยุติธรรม พอใจ โกรธ ไม่เป็นส่วนตัว น่านับถือ ดื้อดึง
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ส่วนใหญ่บทความที่น�ำมาออกข้อสอบเป็นแบบ …………............................………. หรือการบอกข้อมูลทั่วไปเพราะมักจะน�ำมาจากข่าวต่างๆ
(GAT MAR 44)
More and more cars are being manufactured and sold all over the world.
However, when these vehicles are not being driven, they must be parked. People park at the curb in one or two rows, on sidewalks, in driveways, in public parking garages and wherever they think they can get away with it. Yet there are never enough parking spaces available. Studies have shown that most cars remain parked 22.5 hours a day. The parking situation is getting critical. Therefore, it’s time to take up unconventional parking ideas. For 30 years our firm has been manufacturing mechanical auto-park systems that allow several cars to be parked, taking up only one conventional parking space
The writer’s purpose is to …………
1. complain about traffic jams
2. criticize drivers who park illegally
3. inform the public about parking areas
4. promote a new parking system
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(Ent’ OCT 41)
Piranhas live in enormous packs, or shoals. They spend most of their time hunting for food. Rivers are their primary habitat although, as a result of massive flooding, they may occasionally find their way into lakes. But it is thought that they are unable to breed outside of rivers. Piranhas have voracious appetites, and they seek river locations that have plentiful fish they are found in any well – stocked river within their natural habitat.
The tone of this article is …………
1. subjective
2. informative
3. humorous
4. shocking
(Ent’ March 48)
“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” The person who says this would like _______________.
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1. to teach
2. to command
3. to threaten
4. to propagandize
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7. Miscellaneous Questions
ข้อสอบประเภทนี้มีหลายรูปแบบค่ะ มันจะถามถึงสิ่งต่างๆที่ไม่ได้เกี่ยวข้อง กับเนื้อหาของ
passage โดยตรง เช่น ถามว่า ย่อหน้าก่อนหน้าหรือย่อหน้าถัดจาก passage นี้ จะกล่าวถึงเรื่อง อะไร หรือเราจะพบ passage นีไ้ ด้จากแหล่งไหน โดยค�ำตอบก็จะต้องเกีย่ วข้องสัมพันธ์กบั passage ที่ก�ำหนดมาให้นะคะ
7.1 Questions about anticipation: previous or following paragraphs
ถ้าถามว่า previous paragraph จะเกี่ยวกับอะไร ให้ดูที่ ………………….…………………………….. และถ้าถามว่า following paragraph จะเกี่ยวกับอะไร ให้ดูที่ ………………….……………………………..
(Ent’ OCT 45)
The smuggling of such varieties had led to them being crossbred to grow in
Australia with a higher yield and bigger size than local strains. Australia aims to export these new fruit varieties for commercial purposes.
The issue has become particularly topical since the much publicized news
that US rice researcher Chris Deren will patent a strain of Thailand’s Khao Dok Mali 105 (fragrant jasmine rice), which he claims to have acquired from the Philippines – based International Rice Research Institute.
The next part of this article would most likely discuss how …………
1. Thailand markets its rice
3. foreign researchers obtain grants 4. to protect intellectual property
2. to set up a research institute
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7.2 โจทย์อาจจะถาม ………………….………… (Source of info), เป็นเนื้อหาวิชาอะไร
(Subject) น�ำมาจากหนังสือประเภทใด (Kind of book) หรือบทความนี้น�ำมาจากส่วนใดของเรียง ความ (Part of essay)
(Ent’ OCT’ 42)
Not only in business, but in every aspect of social life, people in the United States like to ask questions and force others to talk to fill interpersonal silences. So in U.S. society and in many European societies, one function of speech is to avoid silence. Contrary to the U.S. practice, in Japanese society, silence is generally considered to be meaningful.
This passage was most likely taken from a textbook on ……………
1. omparative religions
3. cross – cultural communication 4. world geography
2. physical science
Document Reading
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เป็น text ขนาดสั้น ใช้เวลาอ่านไม่นาน เช่น
- Advertisement
- Notice ป้ายประกาศต่างๆทั่วๆไป
- News ข่าวทั่วๆไป
- Poem บทกลอน ร้อยกรอง
- Comic Strips
- Short article บทความขนาดสั้น
GAT GATO-NET O-NET
READING Reading- - คู่มคูือ่มประกอบการเรี ือประกอบการเรี ยนยคอร์ น คอร์ ส ADMISSION ส ADMISSION
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Comic Strips (GAT Mar 54)
What can be inferred from the comic strip?
1. The girl doesn’t say no.
2. The boy doesn’t say no.
3. The boy doesn’t like the girl.
4. The girl doesn’t like the boy.
What does this comic strip imply?
1. Frisbees are one of children’s favorite toys.
2. Children these days do not know music disks.
3. Old people love to collect music.
4. Music disks and Frisbees are both toys.
GAT GATO-NET O-NET -Reading READING
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Poem TIPS & TRICKS ขั้นตอนการอ่านกลอนนั้นไม่ยากอย่างที่คิดค่ะ 1. อ่านให้จบประโยคเพื่อ …………………………......................... กลอนส่วนใหญ่มักจะ………………….…………........................ 2. โครงสร้างประโยคของกลอนนั้นจะอยู่ในรูป .............................. ..........................................................………………………….. 3. ……………….....................…………………….…………กลอน จะเรียบเรียงประโยคแปลกๆ เพื่อเน้นสัมผัส ควรแปลแบบ .........................................................………………….………
(A-NET 51)
What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. No time to stand beneath the boughs And stare as long as sheep or cows Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass. No time to see, in broad daylight,
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Streams full of stars, like skies at night. No time to turn a Beauty us glance, And watch her feet, how they can dance. No time to wait till her mouth can Enrich that smile her eyes began. A poor life this if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. (William Henry Davies)
1.
What is the main theme of this poem?
1. When to choose your partner
2. What not to miss in life
3. Where to work with your friends
4. How to think creatively
2. What is the message of this poem?
1. The more you spend with nature the more enjoyable you become.
2. Everyone has his/her own dream.
3. Life is meaningless if one does not take time to enjoy life.
4. We haven’t got time to do what we want.
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3. What does the line “And stare as long as sheep or cows” mean?
1. You have the same mental ability as sheep or cows.
2. You enjoy the beauty of the sheep or cows for a long time.
3. You can spend time looking at and enjoying beauty.
4. You enjoy as much as sheep or cows.
4. Which is NOT mentioned in the poem?
1. Farm animal
2. A starry sky
3. Sunlight
4. Moonlight
5. Who the writer thinks should enjoy life?
1. Everyone
2. Farmers
3. Busy persons
4. Businessmen
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ส�ำหรับคนที่อยากพัฒนาตัวเองเพื่อก้าวไปสู่ความส�ำเร็จ บางทีเมื่อ เจอสิ่งที่ตัวเองไม่ถนดั อย่าเพิ่งรี บฟันธงไปว่า "นีม ่ ันไม่ใช่แนว" "ชั้นไม่ได้เกิดมาเพื่อ สิ่งนี"้ พี่แนนอยากให้ น้องๆ ลองพยายาม ให้ถึงที่สุดดูก่อน และ เมื่อท�ำได้แล้วเราจะ ภูมิใจในตัวเอง
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Speed Reading
Speed reading คือการอ่านเร็วนั่นเองค่ะ อย่าเสียเวลาอ่านโดยละเอียดทุกค�ำ อ่าน
เฉพาะ ………………….…………………………………………. ใช้เทคนิคการอ่านแบบ ………………….…………
Skimming คือการอ่านแบบรวดเร็ว ไม่ละเอียดทุกตัวอักษร แต่อา่ นให้พอทีจ่ ะจับใจความ
ได้ เพือ่ ให้ทราบ ………………….………… ของเนือ้ หาทีเ่ ราอ่าน ...........……………… เป็นการ อ่านเพื่อหาข้อมูลรายละเอียดบางอย่างที่ต้องการ เช่น วันที่, ตัวเลขสถิติ, ปี พ.ศ. / ค.ศ., ชื่อ คน, ราคา ฯลฯ โดยการกวาดสายตาเร็วๆ ทีละ 2 – 3 บรรทัด และต้องจดจ่ออยู่กับข้อมูลที่ เราต้องการ
(O-NET ‘53)
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1.
You can order fish, lobsters, or prawns cooked in Chinese style at ……….
1) Darling Pavilion
2) Ram & Rain
3) Diamond Century
4) Alhambra
2.
Customers can enjoy Spanish dancing at the restaurant with the telephone number “……….”
1) 9897-4959
2) 9656-7866
3) 9976-2977
4) 9545-9885
3.
The restaurant that serves only lunch and dinner every day is located at ……….
1) 68 Darlinghurst Road
2) 658 Commonwealth Street
3) 54 West Esplanade
4) 345 Harbourside
4. The restaurant that is open all day and all night is ……................….
1) Rani’s
2) Alhambra
3) Darling Pavilion
4) Florence’s
5. The restaurant that serves lunch only 4 days a week is the …...........…….
28
1) Australian restaurant
2) Thai restaurant
3) Italian restaurant
4) Chinese restaurant
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:02
อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
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(Ent Mar 48)
Chickpea Soup 3/4 cup chicken broth 2 carrots, thinly sliced 3 cloves garlic, minced
1/2 tsp. Dried sage 1/4 tsp. Pepper 2 cups cooked chickpeas, red kidney beans or black beans 4 cups packed, torn spinach or watercress leaves
Bring the broth to boil over moderate heat. Add carrots, garlic, sage and pepper, and cook for five minutes or until carrots are tender. Add 3/4 cup water and chickpeas, and return to boil. Reduce to simmer, cover, and cook for seven minutes. Stir in greens and cook for one minute. Serve four. 1.
Which ingredient is NOT mentioned as part of the ecipe for chicken soup?
1. carrots
2. spinach
3. minced garlic
4. chicken breast
2.
How many people in this dish ideal for?
1. 1
2. 4
3. 5
4. 7
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GAT O-NET - READING
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Advertisement (GAT-MAR’55) Executive Secretary/Secretary Thai nationality, Female, age 25-40 Bachelor’s degree or higher in Business Administration or related field At least 2 years secretarial experience Excellent command of spoken & written English Strong computer skills (Word, Excell, E-mail, Photoshop) Good personality with strong negotiation skills and able to work under prssure Macintosh literacy (MS office & Internet) an advatage Please send your CV and recent photo. 1. Which of the following candidates is NOT suitable for this job?
1. A person who works well only when there is no pressure
2. A person who can speak both Thai and English fluently
3. A person who has a Master’s degree in Business Administration position for over 5 years
30
4. A person who has worked in a secretarial position for over 5 years
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:02
อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
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(GAT OCT 55) WE PROVIDE A POWER SHOWER SO YOU CAN STAY SQUEAKY CLEAN 2. What is the purpose of this statement?
1. To promise clean politics.
2. To forecast a morning shower.
3. To advertise facilities in a hotel.
4. To analyze how to stay in power
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ใกล้ผลสอบออก ต้องเตรี ยมค�ำตอบ ไว้กันหน่อยไหมคะ ถ้ามีใครถามคะแนน GAT น้องๆ จะว่าไง พี่แนนเก็บค�ำตอบ โดนๆ มาฝากค่ะ
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GAT O-NET - READING
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Graph (A-NET 50)
1.
What does the bar graph intend to show the reader about?
1. A comparison of snacks by gender
2. A lot of preferred snacks of college students
3. A difference in colors of students’ preference
4. A large number of students who prefer snacks
2. Which of the following snack food is the least preferred by girls?
32
1. fruit
2. candy
3. pretzels 4. vegetables
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the bar graph?
1. The graph shows preferred snack choices among teenagers.
2. A substantial number of more boys than girls preferred chips.
3. Two snacks preferred by most students are chips and chocolate bars.
4. The preferred snack choice of chips between boys and girls is the most different.
4. What kind of snacks did girls prefer more than boys?
1. Popcorn, candy, fruit and chips
2. Ice cream, crackers, and vegetables
3. Candy, crackers, fruit and ice cream
4. Chips, fruits, chocolate bars and popcorn
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the bar graph?
1. Fruit are the snack food most preferred by boys.
2. Boys seem to prefer vegetables, chocolate bars and pretzels more than girls do.
3. The same number of boys and girls preferred popcorn as their snack food choice.
4. Two snack foods least preferred by both boys and girls are chips and fruit.
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GAT O-NET - READING
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News (ONET 53)
A secret Santa who has donated more than 81 million won since 2000 has come to the same South Korean town again this year, a report said yesterday. Staff at a residents’ centre in the southwestern city of Jeonju on Tuesday found a box containing 20 million won (516,616 baht) in a parking lot after a phone tip-off from the anonymous benefactor, the Korea Times said. It said the man has left donations 10 times since 2000, not always at Christmas, but has never been spotted.
1.
The best headline for this news article would be “……….” .
1. Secret Santa returns
2. Box containing money
3. 81 million won donated
4. Money found in a parking lot
2.
The man who donated the money must be ……… by people in this South Korean town.
34
1. looked up to
2. looked into
3. looked over
4. looked down on
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
Admission Gat Onet.indb 34
GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:03
อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
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สรุปเทคนิคการท�ำข้อสอบ Reading
1. Scan ค�ำถามก่อน
2. อ่าน ……………………. เพื่อดูภาพรวมของ Passage……...................
3. ............................(ค�ำถามมักเรียงตามล�ำดับ)ใช้………………………… ในการวิเคราะห์ประโยค
Long-passage Reading การอ่าน text ขนาดยาว ข้อสอบจะเน้นวัดความเข้าใจในเนื้อเรื่อง รวมทั้ง 7 ประเภทของ ค�ำถามที่ได้สอนไปแล้ว อย่าลืมน�ำเทคนิคเหล่านั้นมาใช้ด้วยนะคะ นอกจากนี้ยังมีเทคนิค เคล็ดลับดีๆ ก�ำจัดจุดอ่อน
TIPS & TRICKS
ลักษณะของ Choice ที่ผิด
1. ………………………………………………..……………………. 2. ……………………………………………….…………………….. 3. Not mentioned 4. Mentioned but wrong 5. ………………………โดยมักจะมีค�ำว่า always, absolutely, perfectly, all, every
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Category Vocab: Environment acid rain aerosol air pollution water pollution marine pollution mercury poisoning atmosphere climate contaminated devastating dispose of domestic sewage ecology effect alternative energy energy shortage emission erode erosion corrode endangered species exhaust fume fuel global warming greenhouse effect metals nuclear fallout oil-slick ozone layer pest pesticide
36
(n.) ………………………….. (n.) ละอองของเหลว (n.) มลพิษทางอากาศ (n.) มลภาวะทางน�้ำ (n.) มลภาวะทางทะเล (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ชั้นบรรยากาศ (n.) ภูมิอากาศ (adj.) ปนเปื้อน (adj.) ที่ท�ำลายล้าง (v.) ก�ำจัด...ทิ้งไป (n.) ของเสียจากอาคารบ้านเรือน (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ผลกระทบ (n.) พลังงานทางเลือก (n.) ภาวการณ์ขาดแคลนพลังงาน (n.) การปล่อยออกมา (v.) กร่อน (ถูกกัดกร่อน) (n.) การสึกร่อน (v.) กัดกร่อน (สิ่งอื่น) (n.) สัตว์ใกล้สูญพันธุ์ (n.) ………………………….. (n., v.) เชื้อเพลิง, ให้เชื้อเพลิง (n.) ภาวะโลกร้อน (n.) ปรากฏการณ์เรือนกระจก (n.) ท่อระบายน�้ำ (n.) ………………………….. (n.) คราบน�้ำมันที่ลอยอยู่บนผิวน�้ำ (n.) บรรยากาศชั้นโอโซน (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ยาฆ่าแมลง
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:03
อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
plant/ factory pollutant recycle rubbish/ trash/garbage surface run-off underground flow waste biological diversity ecosystem parasite extinct extinction incinerate overflow/ flood Syn: deluge/ inundation tidal wave/ tsunami toxic/ noxious toxin/ venom/ poison herbicide pesticide insecticide volcano volcanic ash volcanic tremor active volcano dormant volcano extinct volcano wildlife sanctuary animal welfare
(n.) (n.) (v.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (v.) (n.) (v.) (n.)
โรงงาน มวลสาร, สิ่งที่ท�ำให้สกปรก น�ำกลับมาใช้ใหม่ ขยะ ………………………….. ทางน�้ำใต้ดิน กากของเสีย ความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพ ระบบนิเวศ ปรสิต สูญพันธุ์ การสูญพันธุ์ ………………………….. น�้ำท่วม
(n.) คลื่นทะเล, สึนามิ (adj.) ที่เป็นพิษ (n.) พิษ (n.) ยาฆ่าวัชพืช (n.) ยาปราบศัตรูพืช (n.) ยาฆ่าแมลง (n.) ภูเขาไฟ (n.) ………………………….. (n.) การสั่นสะเทือนที่เกิดจากภูเขาไฟ (n.) ภูเขาไฟที่ยังคงลุกไหม้ (n.) ภูเขาไฟสงบแล้ว (n.) ภูเขาไฟดับมอดแล้ว (n.) เขตสัตว์ป่าสงวน (n.) หน่วยงานสังคมสงเคราะห์สัตว์
คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION Admission Gat Onet.indb 37
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GAT O-NET - READING
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Idiom: environment Rain cats and dogs Rain or shine Out of the wood(s) Be snowed in Come into leaf In the sere and yellow leaf The fall of the leaf In the green tree (wood) Have a green thumb Like a fish out of water Cannot see the wood for the trees Go (down) to the sea The seven seas
ฝนตกหนักมาก, ฝนตกชนิดไม่ลืมหูลืมตา ไม่ว่าอย่างไรก็ตาม รอดพ้นจากสภาพที่ล�ำบากยากแค้น ออกไปนอกบริ เ วณบ้ า นไม่ ไ ด้ เ พราะว่ า หิ ม ะ ตกหนัก …………………………………………….. แก่มาก, แก่หง่อม ฤดูใบไม้ร่วง …………………………………………….. …………………………………………….. ไม่เหมาะกับสภาพแวดล้อม เส้นผมบังภูเขา ไปทะเล, ไปชายหาด ชือ่ มหาสมุทรทัง้ 7 ของโลก, ทัว่ โลก, ทัว่ ทุกด้าน
Category Vocab: Business & Economy acquisition advantage syn : benefit, profit, merit assess syn : evaluate, estimate asset banking budget calculate capital capitalism
38
(n) (n)
………………………….. ผลประโยชน์, ผลก�ำไร
(v)
ประเมินราคา
(n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n)
สินทรัพย์ การธนาคาร งบประมาณ ค�ำนวณ เงินทุน …………………………..
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
commerce (n) commodity (n) competitive (adj.) consumer (n) consumption (n) contract (n, v) (adj.) co-operate (v) syn : collaborate co-operative (n) cost of living (n) credit (n) creditor (n) currency (n) currency rate (n) current (adj.) customs (n.pl) debt (n) debtor (n) deflation (n) demand (n) depreciate (v) syn : devalue disbursement (n) syn : payment domestic (adj.) economic (adj.) economics (n) economic stability (n) expenditure (n) syn : spending, expense export (n, v) factory (n) syn : plant, works, workplace
การค้า, การพาณิชย์ สินค้า, ผลิตภัณฑ์ (ราคา) ที่แข่งขันหรือได้เปรียบคู่แข่งรายอื่น ผู้บริโภค การบริโภค สัญญา, ข้อตกลงทางธุรกิจ, ติดโรค หด, ท�ำให้สั้น ร่วมมือ สหกรณ์ ………………………….. สินเชื่อ , การซื้อสินค้าเงินเชื่อ เจ้าหนี้ เงินตรา อัตราแลกเปลี่ยนเงินตรา (หนี้สิน, เงินทุน) หมุนเวียน, ปัจจุบัน ………………………….. หนี้สิน ลูกหนี้ ………………………….. ความต้องการ อุปสงค์ ลดค่าลง , ราคาตก การจ่ายเงิน , การช�ำระเงิน ภายในประเทศ ในทางเศรษฐศาสตร์, เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐกิจ เศรษฐศาสตร์ ………………………….. การใช้จ่าย, ค่าใช้จ่าย, รายจ่าย การส่งออก, สินค้าส่งออก โรงงาน
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GAT O-NET - READING
39 22/2/2557 10:49:03
finance (n) financial year (Br) fiscal year (Am) (n) float (v) fund (n.pl) goods (n.pl) syn : commodity , merchandise Gross Domestic Product [GDP] (n) Gross National Product [GNP] (n) handout (n) International Monetary Fund (n) import (n, v) income (n) syn : earnings, revenue income tax (n) industry (n) inflation (n) infrastructure (n) interest (n) inventory (n) invest (v) investment (n) Laissez-faire (n) land reform (n) liquidity (n) living wage (n) manufacturer (n) syn : producer market share (n) monetary (adj.) syn : financial monopoly (n) multilateral (adj.) net (adj.)
40
การเงิน ………………………….. (ท�ำให้) ค่าเงินตราลอยตัว กองทุน สินค้า ผลผลิตมวลรวมในประเทศ ผลผลิตมวลรวมประชาชาติ เงินช่วยเหลือ กองทุนการเงินระหว่างประเทศ [IMF] การน�ำเข้า, สินค้าเข้า รายได้ ภาษีเงินได้ อุตสาหกรรม ………………………….. โครงสร้างมูลฐาน ดอกเบี้ย ………………………….. ลงทุน การลงทุน นโยบายเศรษฐกิจแบบเสรี การปฏิรูปที่ดิน ………………………….. ………………………….. ผู้ผลิต ส่วนแบ่งตลาด เกี่ยวกับเงินตรา, ทางการเงิน ………………………….. (สัญญา) พหุภาคี, หลายฝ่าย (ก�ำไร, รายได้) ที่เป็นผลสุทธิ
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
Admission Gat Onet.indb 40
GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:03
อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
note (Br) bill (Am) pay off policy product syn : output property quarter recession syn : slump, depression reserve smuggled goods social insurance speculate stagnant standard of living living standard state enterprise stock market supply tariff tax tax evasion tax exempt tax invoice trade deficit trade surplus unemployment value added tax VAT
(n) (v) (n) (n)
ธนบัตร ช�ำระทั้งหมด , จ่ายชดเชยลูกจ้าง, ให้ลาออก นโยบาย ผลิตภัณฑ์, สินค้า
(n) (n) (n)
ทรัพย์สิน, อสังหาริมทรัพย์ ไตรมาส, ระยะเวลา 3 เดือน …………………………..
(n) (n) (n) (v) (adj.)
ทุนส�ำรอง, เงินคงคลัง สินค้าหนีภาษี การประกันสังคม เก็งก�ำไร (เศรษฐกิจ) ชะงักงัน
(n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (adj.) (n) (n) (n) (n)
………………………….. รัฐวิสาหกิจ ตลาดหลักทรัพย์, ตลาดหุ้น อุปทาน, การจัดหามาให้ ภาษีศุลกากร เงินภาษี การหลบเลี่ยงภาษี ที่ได้รับการยกเว้นภาษี ใบก�ำกับภาษี ………………………….. การได้เปรียบดุลการค้า การว่างงาน
(n)
ภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม
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GAT O-NET - READING
41 22/2/2557 10:49:03
Idiom: business & economy A man of business ตัวแทน, ผู้แทน Business is business. ………………………………………......……….. Get down to business เริ่มท�ำงานอย่างแท้จริง Go into business ท�ำการค้าขาย, ท�ำธุรกิจ Go out of business ล้มเลิกกิจการ, เจ๊ง, หยุดท�ำอาชีพเดิม Be good (bad) money เป็นการลงทุนที่ได้ก�ำไรดี / ขาดทุนหรือไม่ได้ก�ำไร Be made of money มีเงินมีทองมากจนใช้ไม่หมด Coin money ……………………………......………………….. Covered money เงินคงคลัง Easy money เงินที่ได้มาโดยง่ายดาย, เงินกู้มาในอัตราดอกเบี้ยต�่ำ Get one’s money’s worth ใช้เงินให้คุ้มค่า, ใช้เงินได้ก็หามาได้ Have money to burn มีเงินมากมายจนใช้ไม่หมด In the money มีเงินมากมาย, ในกองเงินกองทอง, ชนะพนัน Lucky money เงินโชคลาภ, เงินพาโชค Make money หาเงินทอง Money for jam (for old rope) ผลประโยชน์ที่ได้ไม่เสียแรง, ผลประโยชน์ที่หามาได้ ง่าย, เงินที่ได้มาอย่างง่ายดาย Money makes the mare (to) go. ……………………………………………….. Money talks. เงินนั้นมีอิทธิพล Put money into ………………....……………………………....…..
42
READING - คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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อังกฤษเขม เต็มพ�กัด
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Category Vocab: Science & Technology astronomer astronomical observatory beaker calculator chemical formula coastal features comet compass configuration of the continents earth co-ordinate system earthquake electricity electric heater galaxy glacier hydroelectric complex jet fighter machine gun magnifier meteorological ground missile mobile phone nebula nuclear energy oasis ocean floor partial lunar eclipse partial solar eclipse planets of the solar system portable computer rocket
(n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.)
นักดาราศาสตร์ ………………………….. แก้วทดลองวิทยาศาสตร์ เครื่องคิดเลข สูตรเคมี ลักษณะชายฝั่ง ดาวหาง ………………………….. สัณฐานทั่วไปของทวีปต่างๆ ระบบพิกัดโลก แผ่นดินไหว ไฟฟ้า เครื่องท�ำความร้อน กาแล็กซี ………………………….. โรงไฟฟ้าพลังงานน�้ำ เครื่องบินรบ ปืนกล เลนส์ขยาย เครื่องมือตรวจวัดทางอุตุนิยมวิทยา ………………………….. โทรศัพท์มือถือ กลุ่มแก๊ส พลังงานนิวเคลียร์ บริเวณที่อุดมด้วยน�้ำและต้นไม้ในทะเลทราย ………………………….. จันทรุปราคาบางส่วน สุริยุปราคาบางส่วน ดาวเคราะห์ในระบบสุริยะ คอมพิวเตอร์แบบ พกพา จรวด
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satellite shooting star spacecraft space station space suit solar energy solar house steamship test tube thermometer total solar eclipse volcano
(n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.) (n.)
ดาวเทียม ดาวตก ยานอวกาศ สถานีอวกาศ ชุดอวกาศ พลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ บ้านพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ ……………………….. หลอดแก้วทดลอง เครื่องวัดอุณหภูมิ ………………………….. ภูเขาไฟ
Idiom: Science & Technology As a matter of fact Be all (the) fashion Be in (the) fashion Closed book Come into fashion Crucial test Dead as the Dodo Donkey engine Donkey man Follow the fashion For (all) practical purposes God’s truth In point of fact Of the old school Really and truly well as a storm
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ตามความเป็นจริง ทันสมัยมากที่สุด, ตามสมัยนิยม เหมาะสมกับสมัยนิยม หนังสือที่ไม่ได้เปิด หมายถึง เรื่องราว, ความลับ, ความรู้ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ซึ่งยังไม่เป็นที่รู้กันทั่วไป กลับมานิยมกันอีก การทดลองที่เอาจริงเอาจัง ………………………….. เครื่องจักรเสริม คนงานเสริมเครื่องจักร ตามสมัยนิยม ………………………….. เรื่องราวที่เป็นจริง, ความเป็นจริง, ข้อเท็จจริง ประเด็นที่เป็นจริง ………………………….. จริงๆ, โดยแน่แท้, อย่างแท้จริง ไม่ทันสมัย, ไม่เป็นที่นิยม
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Category Vocab: Social Science abstract painting canopy crucifix embroidery geography oil painting opera orchestra pillar pottery priest realistic painting record saint sculpture sketch socio- socioeconomic sociological sociology stained glass vault wood-print
(n.) ………………………….. (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ไม้กางเขน (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ภูมิศาสตร์ (n.) ภาพสีน�้ำมัน (n.) อุปรากร (n.) วงดนตรี (n.) เสาหิน (n.) เครื่องปั้นดินเผา (n.) บาทหลวง (n.) ภาพรูปธรรม (n.) แผ่นเสียง (n.) รูปปั้นนักบุญ (n.) การแกะสลัก (n.) ภาพร่าง (pref) สังคม, สังคมศาสตร์ (adj.) เกี่ยวกับปัจจัยทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม (adj.) เกี่ยวกับสังคมวิทยา, เกี่ยวกับสังคม (n.) สังคมวิทยา (n.) กระจกสี (n.) ………………………….. (n.) แม่พิมพ์ไม้
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Idiom: Social Science A cup of cold water A duty call A knight of the brush A knight of the hammer A knight of the pen A man of letters A man of parts Be sound on the goose Clean house Clerk in holy orders Create a peer Dressed up to the mines Esprit fort Go into the church Hold a candle to the devil Nurse a constituency Walk the chalk(s)
สัญลักษณ์แห่งการท�ำบุญ การเข้าเยี่ยมตามพิธีการ นักวาดรูป, จิตรกร ช่างเหล็ก, ช่างตีเหล็ก นักวรรณคดี, นักประพันธ์, นักข่าว ………………………….. คนที่มีฝีมือ, คนที่มีความสามารถ ถือประเพณีนิยม การขจัดคนหรืองานอันพึงรังเกียจ, การล้างบาง, การขจัดคอร์รัปชั่น ………………………….. แต่งตั้งเป็นขุนนาง ………………………….. ผู้ที่มีศรัทธาในศาสนา, ผู้ที่มีจิตใจเข้มแข็ง บวชเป็นพระ ท�ำอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งที่ผิดศีลธรรม หาเสียงกับคนทั่วไปในเขต เลือกตั้ง …………………………..
Category Vocab: Health & Medicine abortion admit ageing / aging amputate antiseptic body building cavity cross-eyed deodorant
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(n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) (adj.) (n)
การท�ำแท้ง น�ำ (คนไข้) เข้ารักษาที่โรงพยาบาล การมีอายุมากขึ้น, การแก่ชราขึ้น ………………………….. ยาฆ่าเชื้อ การเพาะกาย ฟันผุ ………………………….. ยาระงับกลิ่นตัว
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diet (n) การควบคุมอาหาร, อาหาร disabled (adj.) พิการ Syn: handicapped, impaired, crippled euthanasia (n) การุณยฆาต Syn: mercy killing (การหยุดการรักษาแก่ผู้ป่วยเพื่อให้ตายอย่างสงบ) exhausted (adj.) หมดแรง, เพลียมาก first aid kit (n) ชุดเครื่องมือปฐมพยาบาล hygiene (n) สุขอนามัย hygienic (adj.) ที่มีสุขอนามัยดี implant (v) ………………………….. incision (n) แผลผ่าตัด infancy (n) วัยทารก inflamed (adj.) อักเสบ life expectancy/ life span (n) ………………………….. menopause (n) การหมดประจ�ำเดือน menstruation (n) การมีประจ�ำเดือน plastic surgery (n) ศัลยกรรมตกแต่ง pulse (n) ชีพจร side-effect (n) ผลข้างเคียงจากการใช้ยาหรือการรักษา supplement (n) อาหารเสริม, วิตามินเสริม unconscious (adj.) ………………………….. vomit/ throw up (v) อาเจียน rash (n) ผดผื่น tetanus (n) ………………………….. tuberculosis , TB (n) วัณโรค venereal disease, VD (n) กามโรค
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Idiom: Health & Medicine In animal spirits Be love sick Be sick at heart Water on the knee Keep body and soul together Feel like a million (dollars) Feel like a new man Feel sick Go (report) sick Look the picture of health On the sick list Physical jerks As fresh as paint Have a head like a sieve Head and ears
………………………….. ไข้ใจ, โรครัก กลุ้มใจ, ไม่สบายใจ, ทุกข์ใจ ………………………….. เพื่อประทังชีวิตให้อยู่รอดไปได้เท่านั้น สุขภาพทางกาย และใจอยู่ในภาวะดีเยี่ยม ………………………….. อาเจียน, คลื่นไส้ ไปรักษาโรคที่โรงพยาบาล, ไปรักษาโรคกับแพทย์ รูปร่างแข็งแรง, รูปร่างสมบูรณ์ดี ป่วย, ไม่สบาย ………………………….. จิตใจชื่นบาน, ก�ำลังดี, จิตใจสดชื่น ………………………….. ทั่วทั้งร่างกาย, ทั่วทั้งกาย, โดยสิ้นเชิง
Category Vocab: Law & Justice accomplice/ confederate accuse of accusation allegedly appeal arrest/ capture/ seizure attest bail out banish/ exile/ expel calumny charge (with) claim
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(n.) ………………………….. (v.) กล่าวหา, ตั้งข้อกล่าวหา (n.) ข้อกล่าวหา (adv.) ตามที่อ้างไว้, ตามที่กล่าวหาไว้ (n., v.) การอุทธรณ์ (n.) การจับกุม (v.) เป็นพยาน, ยืนยันว่าถูกต้อง (v.) ………………………….. (v.) เนรเทศ (n.) การใส่ร้าย (v.) กล่าวหา, ตั้งข้อหา (n., v.) การอ้างสิทธิ การเรียกร้องสิทธิ
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confess confiscate convict conviction death sentence decapitation/ beheading capital punishment execution defend defendant dismiss enforce felony fine fugitive guilty (of) illicit imprisonment confinement indict (for/on) inform on interrogation/ questioning investigate/ probe jurisdiction negligently/ neglectfully offend plead prosecute refute release/ set free search warrant suspect testimony verdict
(v.) สารภาพ (v.) ยึดของกลาง (n.) นักโทษ, ผู้ที่มีความผิด (n.) การตัดสินว่าได้กระท�ำผิด (n.) การตัดสินประหารชีวิต (n.) ………………………….. (n.) การลงโทษประหารชีวิต (n.) การลงโทษประหารชีวิต (v.) แก้ต่างให้, สู้คดีให้, เป็นทนายให้ (n.) จ�ำเลย, ผู้ต้องหา (v.) ยกฟ้อง, ปล่อยตัว (v.) บังคับใช้กฎหมาย (n.) ………………………….. (n., v.) การปรับ, ค่าปรับ (n.) ………………………….. (adj.) มีความผิด (adj.) เถื่อน, ต้องห้าม, ผิดกฎหมาย (n.) การจ�ำคุก (n.) การกักขัง (v.) ฟ้องร้อง (v.) แจ้งความ (n.) ………………………….. (v.) สืบสวน, สอบสวน (n.) อ�ำนาจศาล (adv.) โดยประมาท (v.) ฝ่าฝืน, ละเมิด (v.) ให้การรับสารภาพ (v.) ด�ำเนินคดีทางอาญา (v.) ………………………….. (v.) ปล่อยตัว (n.) ………………………….. (n.) ผู้ต้องสงสัย (n.) ค�ำให้การในศาล (n.) ค�ำตัดสินของคณะลูกขุน
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Idiom: Law & Justice Be a law unto oneself ท�ำการโดยพลการ, ปฏิบัติโดยพลการ Be at law ………………………….. Be good (bad) law สอดคล้องกับ (ฝ่าฝืน) กฎหมาย Be within (outside) the law ถูกกฎหมาย (ฝ่าฝืน) กฎหมาย Give the law to somebody ………………………….. Have (take) the law of somebody ด�ำเนินคดีกับเขา, ฟ้องร้องเขา Law-abiding ที่เคารพกฎหมาย Necessity knows the law ………………………….. Syn: needs must when the devil drives Take the law into one’s own hands ด�ำเนินการไปโดยพลการ Bring somebody to justice น�ำเขาฟ้องศาล, น�ำเขามาด�ำเนินคดี Do justice to ให้เหตุผล In justice to เพื่อให้ความยุติธรรมแก่ Temper justice with mercy ………………………….. Facebook.com/krupnan
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• Zoos in Russia
คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION
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Science & Technology
Medicine & Health
Social Science • Hiw to cook Moonight Rice • Handy Branching guides of vegetable • An unpunished murder
Economy
Environment
ONET’54
• Errors of resident doctors
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• Fmily activities • Breastfeed at work • Apply for a job • Notice • Joke
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GET MAR’54
• Anorxia in animals
• Anxiety disorders for kids
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• KidZanac An Entertainmemt family theme park • Apply for a job • Notice • Joke
• The ways to deal with aggressive children • Apply for a job • Notice • Joke -
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• The story of ferns
GET JUL’53
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• Eoological changes
GET OCT’53
QUALITATIVE FOCUS ON ENG FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE (2554-2552)
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Category Reading
จะเห็นว่าข้อสอบ Reading เราสามารถจะมาจ�ำแนกประเภทของ Passage ได้กว้างๆ ถ้าเรา มองเห็น Trend ของข้อสอบ จะท�ำให้เรา Focus ได้ถูกจุด และดักข้อสอบได้ถูกทาง เคล็ดลับในการท�ำข้อสอบก็คือ ต้องรู้กลุ่มค�ำศัพท์ เพราะบทความแต่ละประเภท ก็จะใช้ค�ำ ศัพท์เฉพาะทางที่แตกต่างกันไป
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Environment
Real Exam Practice 1.1 (O’NET 54)
Zoos, the most accessible nature reserves for most people in Russia, are
becoming endangered species. With 11 million people, Moscow has only zoo covering about 60 acres. It is crowded with visitors all summer. Zoo officials say there is not enough space to keep lions, giraffes, gorillas and chimpanzees.
The city has been giving money to expand and improve it. Five major building
projects are underway and five more are planned. A few of Russia’s new banks and businesses sponsor exhibits, and an American businessman gives US$ 100 a month to buy fruit for the apes. Now many zoo workers have quit because they are paid very low wages. 1. The best headline for this passage is ………………………….
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1) Russian zoo facing shortage of food
2) Businessmen to sponsor Russian zoo
3) Russian zoo struggling to survive
4) Workers quit Russian zoo
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2. The major problem of the zoo seems to be ………………………….
1) a shortage of workers
2) the construction in the zoo area
3) some animals becoming endangered
4) insufficient financial support
3. All of the statements below describe a problem of the Russian zoo EXCEPT
“………………………… .”
1) The zoo is very crowded only in summer
2) The zoo does not have enough space for all its animals
3) The government provides little money for zoo management
4) The budget for operating the zoo is too low
4. One of the changes being carried out at the moment is …………………………….
1) several more zoos will be built
2) certain areas of the zoo are being improved
3) the endangered species collection is being expanded
4) more food is provided for wild animals in the zoo
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5. The private sector also ……………………………
1) cooperates by funding displays and providing money to buy food for animals
2) tries to recruit more workers to replace those who leave the zoo
3) supports the improvement of the zoos by funding the building projects
4) invites foreign businessmen, especially the Americans, to buy food for the animals
6. One private sector group that is lending a hand consists of ………………………
1) a group of American businessmen
2) Russian businesses and banks
3) the Russian bank association
4) business exhibition enterprises and organizers
7. According to the passage, the zoo is ………………………………
1) the only important wild animal reserve for nature studies in Russia
2) important because it is a place where Russians can see wildlife easily
3) important to most Russians in that it is the only place that keeps wild animals
4) the important place that preserves endangered wildlife for the Russians
to see
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GAT O-NET 22/2/2557 10:49:03
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8. The purpose of this passage is to ……………………………
1) inform readers of what is happening at the zoo in Russia
2) suggest a solution to the problem of endangered animals
3) make comments on the economic situation in Russia
4) persuade people to help solve a problem about zoo workers
Real Exam Practice 1.2 (March 43) In places without fences, the western fence lizard, Sceloporus Occidentalis, lives in trees. It turns out that the five-inch-long lizard also falls out of trees-a lot. A few years ago William Schlesinger, an environmental chemist from Duke University, began studying the circulation of essential nutrients between soil and trees in a oak-studded valley near Carmel, California. He and his two colleagues placed 200 large plastic flowerpots under 40 oak trees to collect falling leaves and twigs. They soon found they were collecting lizards as well. The researchers decided to keep track of the lizard-fall by marking the reptiles and recording their size and sex. In two and a half years. Schlesinger’s team recorded 198 fence lizard falls, some of which were the same lizard’s second plunge into a pot. Extending their findings to the ground not covered by flowerpots, the researchers estimate that around 5,000 lizard fall take place every year on an คู่มือประกอบการเรียน คอร์ส ADMISSION Admission Gat Onet.indb 55
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acre of Carmel woodland. That’s about 10 falls per lizard on average. But some lizards are clumsier than other ; one particularly oafish reptile managed to fall into a flowerpot 5 times in less than a month. “I don’t think anyone knew they fell out of trees at anywhere near the number,” says Schlesinger. “It certainly makes the natural history of the species more interesting.”
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1.
The passage is mainly about ______________.
1) the study of why lizards fall
2) the peculiar falling nature of the Western fence lizard
3) how to catch fence lizards using flowerpots
4) how essential nutrients circulate between soil and trees
2.
The focus of Schlesinger’s original study was ______________
1) zoology
2) natural history
3) environmental chemistry
4) botany
3.
The phrase “keep track of” means ______________
1) prevent
2) find
3) watch
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4) count
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4. The word “which” (paragraph 2) refers to the ______________
1) flowerpots
2) falls
3) markings
4) reptiles
5. In paragraph 2, “findings” refers to ……….. .
1) trees
2) fences
3) lizards 4) results
6. How many times do most lizards fall in a year?
1) 5 times
2) 10 times
7.
The word “oafish” (paragraph 3) could best be replaced by ____________.
1) clumsy
2) hungry
3) 198 times
3) sleepy
4) 5,000 time
4) old
8. According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________________.
1) the researchers were able to identify the lizards
2) the flowerpots were originally put under the trees to catch lizards
3) western fence lizards prefer to live in trees
4) about 200 lizards fell in two and a half years in Carmel
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Business and Economy Real Exam Practice 1.3 (OCT 45)
The looting of Thai plant and fruit varieties for development in rival export
countries is an urgent problem that the government must tackle by setting stricter protection measures for the country’s intellectual property.
Australia and the US are two major countries which have been found to be
developing tropical fruits and plants. They aim to increase their export share in the international market.
Meanwhile, Taiwan-where an international fruit-research center has been
established in trying hard to develop new varieties of fruits to meet market demand.
Duangkamol Jiambutr, director of the Thai Trade Center in Singapore, said
many new varieties of tropical fruit such as durians from Australia, longans and lychees from China and mangoes from Taiwan had been imported for marketing tests this year.
An official at the Thai Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry said Australia
had invested hundreds of millions of dollars in setting up a research center into tropical products. Many strains of Thai plants were imported or brought home by Australian researchers who had studied in Thailand.
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The smuggling of such varieties had led to them being crossbred to
grow in Australia with a higher yield and bigger size than local strains. Australia aims to export these new fruit varieties for commercial purposes.
The issue has become particularly topical since the much publicised
news that US rice researcher Chris Deren will patent a strain of Thailand’s Khao Dok Mali 105 (fragrant jasmine rice) , which he claims to have acquired from the Philippine-based International Rice Research Institute. 1.
The best title for this passage is ________________________.
1. Export Markets
3. Fruit Pirates
2. Export Problems 4. Fruit Researchers
2. The word “looting” (line 1) means _______________________.
1. stealing
3. adopting
2. locating 4. discovering
3. The first paragraph clearly states that_______________________.
1. foreigners love Thai fruits
2. there is no international law to deal with the looting of tropical plants
3. the government should do a better job of protecting the country’s benefits
4. Thai fruits are best of all tropical strains
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4. According to the passage, Australia and the U.S. do fruit research because they want to _______________________.
1. establish more fruit research centers
2. expand their export market
3. advance their knowledge
4. compete with other researchers
5. “Meanwhile” can best be replaced by___________________.
1. However
2. At the same time
3. Therefore
4. On the other hand
6. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_______________________.
1. Thailand may soon have more competitors for its tropical fruit exports
2. Some countries in Asia are buying tropical fruit from Singapore
3. Australia, China and Taiwan are importing more Thai fruit
4. Other countries are testing Thai fruit for safety purposes
7. The phrase “such varieties” (paragraph 6) refers to varieties of__________
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1. Crossbred strains
3. Marketing tests
2. Thai plants
4. Australian products
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8. The phrase “particularly topical” (paragraph 7) could best be replaced by __________________
1. widely discussed
3. extremely convincing
2. overly strict
4. largely unknown
9. The last paragraph implies that ___________________.
1. Thailand is worried that Chris Deren will publish his research on fragrant
jasmine rice.
2. a new strain of fragrant jasmine rice was smuggled from the Philippines.
3. Chris Deren may not have obtained his sample strain of fragrant jasmine
rice from the Philippines.
4. Chris Deren developed his sample strain from fragrant jasmine rice in the Philippines.
10. The next part of this article would most likely discuss how____________.
1. Thailand markets its rice
2. to set up a research institute
3. foreign researchers obtain grants
4. to protect intellectual property
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Real Exam Practice 1.4 (OCT 45)
Companies are spending so much money trying to inspire employees that
they have created an industry: the motivation industry. Trouble is, there had been exhaustive academic research trying to find out what motivates workers, and it has turned up almost no evidence that motivational spending makes any difference.
Some companies, including General Electric, have given up on the
unmotivated. “A company that bets its future on its people must remove that lower 10% and keep removing it every year. CEO Jack Welch writes in GEus annual letter to shareholders.
That policy is also employed by others, including Microsoft and Sun
Microsystems. 1. The first sentence tells us that companies are spending a lot of money _______
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1. hiring new employees
2. persuading employees to retire early
3. laying off old employees
4. getting employees to work hard
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2. The research mentioned in this passage could best be described as _______ .
1. motivating but unbelievable
2. troublesome and different
3. valuable and inspiring
4. thorough but inconclusive
3. The purpose of this research is to __________________ .
1. examine what makes people want to work
2. evaluate employee performance
3. improve the hiring process
4. make organizations more secured
4. GE now solves its motivational problems by _______ .
1. firing inefficient staff
2. arranging more seminars and workshops
3. giving employees more benefits
4. writing a letter to shareholders every year
5. The academic research mentioned (paragraph 1) revealed that _______ .
1. good pay and benefits motivate workers most effectively
2. companies are responsible for creating the motivation industry
3. exhausted employees cannot work efficiently
4. motivational seminars are a waste of money
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Science and Technology Real Exam Practice 1.5 (GAT OCT 47)
Ever wished you could decide what to dream at night? A Japanese toymaker
says it has a new gadget that can help you do just that.
Tokyo-based Takara Company says that its “Dream Workshop” stand – shaped
like an oversized cellular phone dock and about 14 inches tall – can be programmed to help sleepers choose what to dream.
While preparing for bed, the user mounts a photograph on the device of who
should appear in the dream, selects music appropriate to the mood – fantasy, comedy, romantic story, nostalgia – and records key word prompts, such as the name of a romantic crush. Placed near the bedside, the dream-maker emits a special white light, relaxing music and a fragrance to help the person nod off.
Several hours later, it plays back the recorded word prompts, timed to coincide
with the part of the sleep cycle when dreams most often occur. It then helps coax the sleeper gently out of sleep with more light and music so that the dreams are not forgotten. The device targets sleep-deprived businessmen, a company official said. “There are many businessmen today who say they don’t sleep because they are too busy. This gadget can be used to help them dream a good
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dream.” said Takara spokeswoman Mayuko Hasumo.
In a study conducted on a group of men and women between the ages of
20-40, the device had a success rate of 22 percent in inducing dreams in which one of the prompt words appeared. 1. What is the main idea of this passage?
1. To report, success in controlling a human’s mind.
2. To show how a new gadget helps us select our dreams.
3. To reveal that technology can help solve the business dilemma.
4. To point out that technology can do anything beyond imagination
2.
What is the most suitable headline for this article?
1. No More Insomnia
2. The Dream-Maker Device
3. The Wonder of Technology
4. Technology Can Serve All Our Needs
3. What did Takara Company call its new gadget?
1. Dream Catcher
3. Dream Machine
2. Dream Chooser
4. Dream Workshop
4. What does the user have to do with a photograph in order to operate the device?
1. press it on
2. attach it on
3. present it on 4. click it on
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5. What mode should a person who wants an alien to appear in his/her dream select?
1. fantasy
2. comedy
3. western
4. Romance
6. What does it mean when a person ‘nods off’? (paragraph 2) He/she …………
1. sleeps late
2. feels sleepy 3. falls asleep
7.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word ‘coincide’
(paragraph 3)?
1. combine
2. convey
3. cooperate
4. gets some sleep
4. correspond
8. Why do the dreamers who use the new device still remember their dreams?
1. Because they sleep soundly.
2. Because they have a good memory.
3. Because they easily drift into sleep.
4. Because they gently drift out of sleep.
9. What would be the target group of the new device?
1. teenagers
2. toymakers
3. businessmen 4. company
10. Who would be most likely to buy the new gadget?
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1. A musician
2. A banker
3. A teacher
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4. A scientist
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Real Exam Practice 1.6 (GAT OCT 45)
Just a few minutes chatting on a mobile phone reduces the brain functions
of children for almost an hour, according to new Spanish test results quoted in Norwegian media.
The tests, conducted by the German investigator Michael Klieeisen at the
Spanish Neuro Diagnostic Research Institute in Marbella, are the first to show how children’s brains react to the use of mobile phones. With the help of a scanner, Klieeisen was able to create pictures of how the brains of an 11-year-old boy and 13-year-old girl reacted while they used a mobile phone. The results were compared with similar tests using adult subjects.
The tests showed that the brain activity of the child subjects was reduced
significantly, especially on the side where the mobile phone was held, a few minutes after the call was begun, the report said. Also, brain activity was lower than normal in large sections of the brain for 50 minutes after the end of the call, the test results showed.
“My advice to all parents is not to allow children to use mobile phones,”
Klieeisen was quoted by Aftenposten as saying, “Not only are electrical activities affected, but also biochemical processes. We do not know if it is dangerous, but we do know that children’s brains, which are not fully developed, are more
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vulnerable than adult brains are,” the researcher added.
Researchers in Britain confirm the Spanish results, and Norwegian and Swedish
experts are also studying the health risk posed by mobile phones. 1. From the article, we can infer that mobile phones _______.
1. are a possible danger to children’s health
2. will be banned very soon
3. have caused permanent brain damage
4. will be used increasingly in the future
2. The test indicated that the use of mobile phones by children _______.
1. would make them attentive
2. would certainly add to the cost of living
3. might help their parents control them
4. could slow down their reactions
3. The tests were carried out in _______.
1. Sweden
2. Norway
3. Spain 4. Germany
4. The tests referred to in the article were carried out to discover more about the effects of using mobile phones on children’s _______ .
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1. appetite
2. brains
3. hearing
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4. Moods
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5. The pictures of brain activity in two children were obtained by means of _______.
1. the test results
2. a mobile phone
3. the media
4. a scanner
6. The term “child subjects” (paragraph 3) refers to _______ .
1. child psychology
2. children who took part in the test
3. studies of brains activity in children
4. courses studied in school
7. From the information given, we can infer that Aftenposten is a _______ .
1. scanning device
2. mobile phone company
3. Norwegian newspaper
4. Spanish research institute
8. The word “vulnerable” (paragraph 4) means _______ .
1. hard to penetrate
2. likely to be affected
3. well-developed
4. easy to be protected
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9. The researcher’s advice is that _______.
1. mobile phones should be banned
2. parents should encourage use of mobile phones
3. children should not use mobile phones
4. licenses should be obtained by all mobile phone users
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Social Science Real Exam Practice 1.7 (O’NET 54)
Easy to make, easy to eat and easy to enjoy. Moonlight Rice offers you the
ultimate in easy salad preparation.
Just one hour of soaking in the refrigerator and you have the perfect base
for any summer rice salad. Add your favorite flavor, be it meat, fruit, vegetables or nuts, and you have a salad or even a meal to tempt every member of your family.
Moonlight Rice makes overcooking rice virtually impossible. You can cook it
in the normal way, through the absorption method, in the microwave, or you can let it cook itself by putting it in water and leaving it in the fridge for an hour. Whichever way, it will be perfect rice every time. 1. The best heading for this advertisement would be ……………………… .
1) Summer Rice Salad Preparation
2) Summer Perfect Rice Salad
3) Moonlight Rice for Easy Salads
4) Summertime with Salads
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2. The most suitable slogan for this product is “…………………………… .”
1) Add your favorite flavor
2) Easy to make, easy to eat and easy to enjoy
3) Whichever way, it will be perfect rice every time
4) Moonlight Rice makes overcooking rice virtually impossible
3. All of the following can be added to the salad EXCEPT ……………………
1) fruit
2) vegetables
3) nuts
4) bases
4. “….and you have a salad or even a meal to tempt every member of your family suggests that the salad or the meal ………………………… .
1) may make your family popular
2) will become part of your family
3) may tempt your family members to learn to cook
4) will be appreciated by all members of your family
5. The easiest way to prepare Moonlight Rice is to ………………………………
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1) leave it in the fridge for an hour
2) put it in water and let it cook itself
3) cover it with water and put it in the fridge for an hour
4) mix it with salad
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6. It can be inferred about Moonlight Rice that …………………………………
1) heat is not always necessary in cooking it
2) overcooking it is the most impossible method
3) salads will not be perfect without it
4) it is the most economical rice you can buy
7. This advertisement would probably appear in a …………………………… .
1) cookbook
2) diet book
3) women’s magazine
4) restaurant guide
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Real Exam Practice 1.8 (GAT Oct 47)
Dear Crazy: The American Psychology Association reported that 40% to 60%
of men who abused their female partners also abused their children. Is this the kind of atmosphere in which you want your children raised? Your husband’s refusal to seek marriage counseling indicates that he has no intention of changing his pattern. It’s bad enough that he takes his hostility out on you daily. But for him to take pleasure in making your daughter cry is sick.
Please don’t let your husband’s refusal to go for counseling deter you from
getting professional help to aid you in deciding how best to protect yourself and your children. Cruel words erode the self-esteem like the ocean eats away the shore. And for children to be exposed to it day after day can cause lifelong damage.
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1.
This letter is from …………...
1. an advice column
2. a social issue feature
3. a commentary column
4. an opinion and analysis section
2.
The counselor wrote this letter in response to ……………..
1. the general public
2. the Counselor Association
3. a woman abused by her husband
4. a man who regularly abuses his wife
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3.
Which of the following best concludes the counselor’s answer?
1. Don’t tolerate abuse.
2. Divorce is the best way.
3. Professionals can’t help.
4. Children must come first.
4. Which of the following lessons CANNOT be taken out from this case?
1. Still water runs deep.
2. Life is not a bed of roses.
3. The squeaking wheel gets oiled. 4. Necessity is the mother of invention.
5. Which of the following means to “wear away gradually”?
1. erode
2. abuse
3. deter
4. expose
Health and Medicine Real Exam Practice 1.9 (GAT Mar 54)
A recent study found that resident doctors know when they are exhausted,
upset or overwhelmed and when they are, they are far more likely to admit they made an error. What they are admitting is that sleepiness is not the only factor. Above and beyond that is general distress and mental fatigue, researchers reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
“While fatigue is important, there is this whole domain of distress beyond
fatigue that also demands attention,” Colin West of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,
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innesota, who led the study, said in an interview. The findings may help point to ways to better reduce the burdens on resident doctors, known in some countries as junior doctors, and in turn prevent mistakes. “I think this is going to have an impact on healthcare reform,” Dr. West said. “We need to put resources into training and medicine to control work hours and maintain physician well-being.”
The US Institute of Medicine reported in 1999 that between 48,000 and
98,000 Americans die each year from preventable medical errors ranging from drug overdoses to infections caught in the hospital. And doctors, unions and other experts have been clamoring to cut the work hours of residents, who are required to work at least 50 hours a week at most training hospitals.
Dr.West and colleagues surveyed 356 residents at 163 medical schools
globally. They found that 39% reported making at least one major medical error during the study period, and these doctors were also more likely to say they were sleepy, fatigued, or stressed. “What we have shown in this data is that fatigue is important, but it’s only part of the issue and previous studies have not paid much attention to the distress factors,” Dr. West said. “Over the course of their training and the course of their career everyone has made a major error. Everyone tries to be perfect but no one is.” He said only limiting work hours may not be enough.
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Teaching hospitals across the United States have moved to limit residents’
work weeks to 40 hours to reduce fatigue-related errors. It is estimated that this could cost U$$171 million to $487 million a year, depending on whether additional residents are hired or substitute providers are brought in. 1. What is the main idea of the passage?
1. All resident doctors make at least one mistake while they are training.
2. Psychological as well as physical exhaustion can cause residents to make mistakes.
3. One of the most important factors leading to preventable errors is sleepiness.
4. Cutting resident doctors’ work hours can make them less tired.
2. Which word is closest in meaning to “clamoring” (paragraph 3)?
1. Demanding
2. Rejecting
3. Announcing 4. Encouraging
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
1. The mistakes made by doctors cause thousands of deaths in America each year.
2. Dr. West’s research aims to find ways to improve junior doctors’ working conditions.
3. Common mistakes made by hospital residents include drug overdoses.
4. Dr. West’s study reveals that fatigue is the only major cause of medical errors.
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4. Which of the following is TRUE about studies in the past?
1. They paid special attention to emotional factors.
2. They identified three main factors leading to errors.
3. They pointed out that careful doctors made no mistakes.
4. They didn’t emphasize the role of stress in medical errors.
5. What does “this” (paragraph 5) refer to?
1. Trying to be perfect
2. Being sleepy, fatigued, or stressed
3. Limiting residents’ work hours
4. Hiring additional residents
Real Exam Practice 1.10 (GAT Mar 55)
Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows
older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as expected.
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However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means
that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s, but into the 60s and 70s as well.
As for learning new things, and the ability to remember, studies by Dr.
Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace.
In cases where an older person’s mental faculties really do seem to
decline, it is not necessarily due to old age or “senility.” Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. This depression usually can be counteracted by counseling, therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.
In American society, when an older person loses something, we tend to
call him or her “senile”. But notice that when a younger person loses something, he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory. He finds some other excuse!
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1. What is the best title for the passage?
1. Signs of Senility
2. Loss of Memory in Old People
3. Mental Functioning of Aging Persons
4. Decline in Intellectual Ability
2. What happens when people grow older?
1. Their minds become less active.
2. They think more slowly.
3. They lose their intellectual ability.
4. Their reasoning ability is reduced.
3. What is TRUE about the results of Dr. Jarvik’s studies?
1. They contradict common belief.
2. They support previous studies.
3. They show old people suffer from memory loss.
4. They reveal a decline in knowledge.
4. What does “This” (paragraph 2) refer to?
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1. The decrease in the elderly’s psycho- motor speed
2. The loss of knowledge and reasoning ability
3. The accomplishment of mental tasks
4. The damage to intellectual ability
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5. What can be concluded from Dr. Jarvik’s and others’ studies?
1. Incomplete learning results from “loss of memory”.
2. A person’s reasoning ability decreases in middle age.
3. The ability to remember is the same for both old and young.
4. A person in his 70s can complete mental tasks as fast as when he was
in his 30s.
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เป็นความจริ งที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้นะคะ ก่อนจะสุข ทุกคนก็ ต้องเคยผ่านความทุกข์มาก่อน ก่อนจะสบาย ก็ย่อมต้อง ผ่านความล�ำบากมาก่อน
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Law and Justice
Real Exam Practice 1.11 (GAT OCT 2544) FOR SAFETY’S SAKE
There are some precautions that you should take while using your credit card.
To protect yourself;
- Keep your card in view when you give it to a clerk.
- Examine each draft before you sign it, making sure that the total amount
- Do not sign blank sales drafts and make sure that incorrect drafts are
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use the information on the carbon paper.
- Promptly retrieve your card after use and make sure that you get your
voided or destroyed
- Destroy any carbons from completed sales drafts so that others cannot
is filled in so that additional charges cannot be added later.
own card back.
- Keep all your sales receipts and check them against your monthly
statement. If you should find any discrepancies on your monthly
statement, be sure to report them immediately to the card issuer.
For more information, contact your local police department.
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1.
The purpose of this passage is to …………..
1. promote the use of credit cards 2. prevent unnecessary spending
3. prepare credit card applicatio
2.
If the total amount is not filled in on a signed draft, ……………..
1. the credit card company will not accept it
2. your may be charged later for items you didn’t buy
3. the signature is not valid
4. the store will not accept it
3.
…………. should be destroyed.
1. All your sales receipts
2. Blank sales drafts
3. Incorrect drafts
4. Additional charges
4. protect credit card users
4. When your card is returned to you after a purchase, you should ………….
1. make sure it is really your card
2. sign it
3. tear it up or cut it in half
4. request your monthly statement right away
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5. The word “discrepancies” could best be replaced by ………
1. chances
2. complaints
3. explantions
4. errors
6. In case of discrepancies on your monthly statement, you are advised to first …….......…
1. contact your local police department
2. report it to the credit card company
3. ask the salesperson for your money back
4. apply for a replacement card
Real Exam Practice 1.12 (ONET 51)
Berlin- Two German teenagers robbed a girl but accidentally left their own
pictures behind for police on a discarded mobile phone. After stealing a 15-yearold’s shoes, money and mobile phone, the two older girls gave her an old mobile phone, police in the western city of Bochum said on Wednesday.
But the two 17-year-olds had forgotten that the phone had their own photos,
striking smiley poses, which police published online on Tuesday in an effort to find the culprits. The two muggers turned themselves in when the pictures appeared on the evening news.
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1. The best headline for this news article would be …………….
1. Girl accidentally robbed
2. Muggers leave shots
3. Mobile phone discarded
4. Photos appear online
2. The word “discarded” (paragraph 1) is nearest in meaning to ……………
1. unattended 2. unused
3. unwanted
4. unidentified
3.
The unlucky girl was robbed of ……………
1. her mobile phone
2. her own pictures
3. her 15-year-old shoes
4. a mobile phone with pictures on it
4. The word “which” (paragraph 2) refers to …………
1. the striking smiley poses
2. the forgotten phones
3. the mobile phones with photos 4. the girls’ own photos
5. The word “culprits” (paragraph 2) refers to ……………
1. their own photos
2. striking smiley poses
3. the two 17-year-olds
4. shoes, money and mobile phone
6. When their pictures appeared on the evening news, the robbers ……………
1. were arrested by the police
2. surrendered themselves to the police
3. took their pictures back from the news reporter
4. reported to the newspaper that published their news
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7. This case was easy enough for the police because the robbers …………
1. saw their pictures published online
2. gave their own mobile phone to the police
3. left their own pictures in the phone they gave to the victim
4. threw away their own mobile phone after stealing the girl’s
8. All of the following statements are true EXECPT ……………
1. the two robbers were German teenagers
2. the police arrested the robbers the following day
3. the incident took place in the western city of Bochum
4. the police solved the case with the help of the Internet
9. It can be inferred that ……………
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1. the unlucky teenager was new to the city
2. the robbers were older than the girl who was robbed
3. the two German teenagers were smiling in the pictures
4. the unlucky girl’s mobile phone was newer than the robbers
Advanced Exercise 1.13
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สอบตรง 7 วิชาสามัญ 2555
Dr. Sue Stevens, a leading dietician and researcher in the field of food allergies
and intolerance comments that food allergies are indeed on the rise, as is the confusion between the definitions of allergy and intolerance. While an allergy is a reaction in the immune system, intolerance means that the body can’t process certain foods properly. As Stevens explains, there are several theories behind the rise of food allergy and intolerance, including that the modern society is “too clean” and does not allow the immune system to build up the required strength, and the rise of genetic modifications in food crops.
However, Stevens suspects that food intolerance such as fructose malabsorption
has always been around, they just weren’t spoken about. “Many years ago people didn’t talk about bloating and wind: they were a taboo topic. I think that the problem has always been there, it’s just that no one discussed it,” she says.
Increased demand for information on food intolerances and Irritable Bowel
Syndrome (IBS) compelled Stevens and Professor Peter Gibson, the Head of Medicine at Monash University, to co-author The Food Intolerance Management Plan (Viking), which was released in May. “There is a lot of misinformation out there. This book is the result not just of good ideas but also of good ideas but also of scientific and clinical investigation, “says Gibson. “Conventional medicine
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now recognizes that food choice is a very important part of helping people with IBS … This whole area has now been turned on its head with, as an American colleague said, ‘an avalanche of interest in food intolerance, food hypersensitivity and diet,” he says 1. What is the main idea of this text?
1) People are no longer shy about their problems.
2) Food hypersensitivity is part of food intolerance.
3) Conventional medicine has led to cure of food allergies.
4) IBS has become a better known subject for discussion.
5) Food allergy has become an interesting topic for food processing.
2. What is inferred in Paragraph 1 of the text?
1) People with food allergies lack immunity.
2) People with food allergies are usually too clean.
3) In general, human immune system has become weaker.
4) Dr. Stevens is confused between food allergies and intolerance.
5) Genetically modified foods are the main cause of food allergies and intolerance.
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3.
What is fructose malabsorption?
1) An example of food intolerance
2) An illness caused by fruit intake
3) Confusion led by poor definition
4) A result of a food probiotics research
5) An incurable illness by a recently developed medicine
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4. What is the implication of this text concerning IBS treatment?
1) Traditional methods can be very promising.
2) Conventional medicine will never cure food intolerance.
3) Self-awareness in terms of our dining system is beneficial.
4) Selection of menu is significant to the treatment of patients.
5) Dieticians and doctors are researching the causes and symptoms of IBS.
5. What used to be a “taboo” topic of conversation at dinner tables?
1) Food choice on the menu
2) Other guests’ food problems
3) Consequences of food contamination
4) Discussing one’s own bowel condition
5) Medicinal therapy to stop stomachache
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6. What does the term “this whole area” (paragraph 5) refer to?
1) Monash campus
2) Treatment of IBS
3) Symptom reaction
4) System malfunction
5) Traditional medicine
7. What does the last paragraph imply?
1) Self-realization is a very important factor.
2) Treatment and cure are possible for all IBS patients.
3) Groups of doctors have become knowledgeable about diets and cures.
4) People should be more open about their bowel illness and its symptoms.
5) One’s realization of one’s own level and kind of food intake is significant
to cure. 8. What is the main purpose of this article?
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1) To provide a medical report service
2) To persuade the general public to diet
3) To inform about food reactions, symptoms and treatments
4) To enhance reactions to IBS and various methods of curing it
5) To request the readers to take conventional measures to cure
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Advanced Exercise 1.14 ข้อสอบทุนญี่ปุ่น A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth. Until now, it had been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience — what psychologists call fluid intelligence —is innate and cannot be taught (though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing). But in the new study, researchers describe a method for improving this skill, along with experiments to prove it works. The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory - the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it. This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence, according to background information in the article, and appears to rely on the same brain circuitry. So the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence. First they measured the fluid intelligence of four groups of volunteers using standard tests. Then they trained each in a complicated memory task, an elaborate variation on Concentration, the child’s card game, in which they memorized simultaneously presented auditory and visual stimuli that they had to recall later.
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The game was set up so that as the participants succeeded, the tasks became harder, and as they failed, the tasks became easier. This assured a high level of difficulty, adjusted individually for each participant, but not so high as to destroy motivation to keep working. The four groups underwent a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, respectively. At the end of each training, researchers tested the participants’ fluid intelligence again. To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills, the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training. The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, were striking. Although the control groups also made gains, presumably because they had practice with the fluid intelligence tests, improvement in the trained groups was substantially greater. Moreover, the longer they trained, the higher their scores were. All performers, from the weakest to the strongest, showed significant improvement. “Intelligence has always been considered principally an immutable inherited trait,” said Susanne M. Jaeggi, a postdoctoral fellow in psychology at the University of Michigan and a co-author of the paper. “Our results show you can increase your intelligence with appropriate training.” Why did the training work? The authors suggest several aspects of the exercise relevant to solving new problems: ignoring irrelevant items, monitoring ongoing performance, managing two tasks simultaneously and connecting related items to one another in space
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and time. No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops, Dr. Jaeggi said, and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains. 1.
What is the purpose of the new study?
1. To find whether memory training will enhance the people’s brainpower 2. To find why memory training is popular among children
3. To find when people’s brainpower will decline
4. To find how many telephone numbers people can memorize in four minutes
2.
What has fluid intelligence been widely considered?
1. It has been widely considered a kind of intellectual power that cannot
be acquired and taught.
2. It has been widely considered a kind of artificial power that can be trained by resourceful teachers.
3. It has been widely considered a kind of bodily power that cannot be
activated by a lot of practice.
4. It has been widely considered a kind of creative power that can be caused by changeable experience.
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3.
What did the participants NOT do in the experiment?
1. They didn’t carry out elaborate memory task.
2. They didn’t learn various stimuli by heart in the child’s card game.
3. They didn’t recall memorized stimuli.
4. They didn’t call the participants’ names.
4. What group was prepared in addition to four groups of the participants in the experiment?
1. A group in which only the same child’s card game was played every day.
2. A group which consists of only successful participants.
3. A group which consists of psychologists and researchers.
4. A group in which the training was never conducted.
5. Which group showed the highest score in the experiment? 1. A group which underwent a half-hour of training daily for 8 days. 2. A group which underwent a half-hour of training daily for 12 days. 3. A group which underwent a half-hour of training daily for 17 days. 4. A group which underwent a half-hour of training daily for 19 days.
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6. What can be said based on the results of the experiment? 1. Children should play cards more often. 2. Our brainpower is unchangeable. 3. Our intelligence can be developed with appropriate training. 4. The good influence on our brain will last forever after training stops. 7. Who is Susanne M.Jaeggi?
1. A volunteer for the experiment
2. A publisher in The proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3. A psychologist at the University of Michigan
4. An experiment advisor
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Super ADVANCED Exercise Super Advanced Exercise 1.15 (SAT) Paired Passage Passage 1 is taken from Olaf the Glorious: A Story of the Viking Age by Robert Leighton. Passage 2 is from Homer’s The Odyssey. translated into English prose by Samuel Butler Passage 1 Now although Olaf had spoken of his wish to return to the land of his fathers, yet now that he was upon his own dragonship, and free to follow where fortune should lead him, he showed no haste to make a landing in Norway. *He bent his course across the Gulf of Finland, and then westward among the many green islands and rocky holms that lie in the mid sea between Findland and Sweden, and for many sunny days and calm starry nights simply enjoyed the idle pleasures of his new life of freedom. It was the summer season, when all the channels of the sea were clear of ice, and there were many trading ships abroad which might have been an easy prey had Olaf so chosen to fall upon them. But although he was a Viking, and had all the Viking’s lust for war and plunder, he yet remembered the time when his own mother had been taken by Klerkon and sold into bondage,
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So he determined to let all peaceful merchant ships alone, and to join battle only with such vessels as were intent upon warfare. Passage 2
Now all the rest, as many as fled form sheer destruction, were at home, and
had escaped both war and sea, but Odysseus only, craving for his wife and for his homeward path, the lady nymph Calypso held, that fair goddess, in her hollow caves, longing to have him for her lord. But when now the year had come in the courses of the seasons, wherein the gods had ordained that he should return home to Ithaca, not even there was he quit of labours, not even among his own; but all the gods had pity on him save Poseidon, who raged continually against godlike Odysseus, till he came to his own country. Howbeit Poseidon had now departed for the distant Ethiopians…………………. the uttermost of men, abiding some where Hyperion sinks and some where he rises. 1. Both passages emphasize which aspect of the sea?
1. Its fertility and bounty
2. Its profound depth
3. Its seasonal rhythm
4. Its steadfast calm
5. Its potential to present struggle or conflict
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2.
It can be inferred that Odysseus (Passage 2), compared to Olaf (Passage2), regards returning “homeward” with more.
1. zeal and disdain
2. intensity and hesitance
3. ferocity and vigor
4. fervor and nostalgia
5. restiveness and apathy
3.
Unlike the author of Passage 1 the author of Passage 2 does which of the following?
1. characterizes Greek gods as inherently belligerent
2. alludes to seamen who have returned home safely
3. uses a first-person narrative point of view
4. portrays the sea as unconditionally tranquil
5. stereotypes a group of people
4. Which of the following expresses a main contrast between voyagers Olaf and Odysseus?
1. While the former engages in missionary work, the latter commits himself
to “his own” (Passage 2)
2. While the former is a revolutionary, the latter is an unadventurous spirit
who wishes to remain in the “hollow caves” (Passage 2)
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3. While the former experiences wanderlust, the latter experiences an intense longing for “his homeward path” (Passage 2)
4. While the former seeks to forgive Klerkon (Passage 1), the latter seeks to ovelake Poseidon (Passage 2)
5. While the former has a desultory voyage to Norway, the latter makes a
halfhearted “return home to Ithaca” (Passage 2)
Super Advanced Exercise 1.16 (TOEFL)
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When
this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term
memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information,
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such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information
for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal”. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.* Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory.* A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. *This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.*
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving
information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more
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cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. 1. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?
1) They revert from the long term memory.
2) They are filtered from the sensory storage area.
3) They get chunked when they enter the brain.
4) They enter via the nervous system.
2. The word elapses in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
1) passes
2) adds up
3) appears
4) continues
3. All of the following are mentioned as places in which memories are stored EXCEPT the:
1) STM
2) long term memory
3) sensory storage area
4) maintenance area
4. Why does the author mention a dog’s bark?
1) To give an example of a type of memory
2) To provide a type of interruption
3) To prove that dogs have better memories than humans
4) To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell
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5. Look at the four stars that indicate where this sentence can be added to the passage. Where would the sentence fit best?
For example, a reader engages in elaborate rehearsal when he brings prior knowledge of a subject to a text.
6. How do theorists believe a person can remember more information in a short time?
1) By organizing it
2) By repeating it
3) By giving it a name
4) By drawing it
7.
The author believes that rote rotation is:
1) the best way to remember something
2) more efficient than chunking
3) ineffective in the long run
4) an unnecessary interruption
8. The word it in the last paragraph refers to:
1) encoding
2) STM
3) semantics
4) information
9. The word elaborate in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
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1) complex
2) efficient
3) pretty
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4) regular
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10. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?
1) The working memory is the same as the short term memory.
2) A memory is kept alive through constant repetition.
3) Cues help people to recognize information.
4) Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.
11. The word cues in the passage is closest in meaning to
1) questions
2) clues
3) images
4) tests
Super Advanced Exercise 1.17 SAT (Long Passage) No doubt as long as man and all other animals are viewed as independent creations, an effectual stop is put to our natural desire to investigate as far as possible the causes Line of Expression. By this doctrine, anything and everything can be equally well explained; and it has proved as pernicious with respect to Expression as to every other branch of natural history. With mankind some expressions, such as the bristling of the hair under the influence of extreme terror, or the uncovering of the teeth under that of furious rage, can hardly be understood, except on the belief
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(10) that man once existed in a much lower and animal-like condition.
The
community of certain expressions in distinct though allied
species, as in the movements of the same facial muscles during laughter by man and by various monkeys, is rendered somewhat more intelligible, if we believe in their descent from a common progenitor. He who admits on general grounds that the structure and habits of all animals have been gradually evolved, will look at the whole subject of Expression in a ‘new and interesting light. The study of Expression is difficult, owing to the movements being often extremely slight, and of a fleeting nature. A difference (20) may be clearly perceived, and yet it may be impossible, at least I have found it so, to state in what the difference consists. When we witness any deep emotion, our sympathy is so strongly excited, that close observation is forgotten or rendered almost impossible; of which fact I have had many curious proofs. Our imagination is another and still more serious source of error; for if from the nature of the circumstances we expect to see any expression, we readily imagine its presence. Notwithstanding Dr.Duchenne’s great experience, he for a long time fancied, as he states, that several muscles contracted (30) under certain emotions, whereas he ultimately convinced himself that the movement was confined to a single muscle. In order to acquire
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as good a foundation as possible, and to ascertain, independently of common opinion, how far particular movements of the features and gestures are really expressive of certain states of the mind, I have found the following means the most serviceable. In the first place, to observe infants; for they exhibit many emotions, as Sir C. Bell remarks, “with extraordinary force”; whereas, in after life, some of our expressions “cease to have the pure and simple source from which they spring in infancy.” In the (40) second place.it occurred to me that the insane ought to be studied, as they are liable to the strongest passions, and give uncontrolled vent to them. I had, myself, no opportunity of doing this, so I applied to Dr. Maudsley and received from him an introduction to Dr. J. Crichton Browne, who has charge of an immense asylum near Wakefield, and who, as I found, had already attended to the subject. This excellent observer has with unwearied kindness sent me copious notes and descriptions, with valuable suggestions on many points; and I can hardly over-estimate the value of his assistance. I owe also, to the kindness of Mr. Patrick (50) Nicol, of the Sussex Lunatic Asylum, interesting statements on two or three points. Thirdly Dr. Duchenne galvanized, as we have already seen, certain muscles in the face of an old man, whose skin was little sensitive, and thus produced various expressions which were
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photographed on a large scale. It fortunately occurred to me to show several of the best plates, without it word of explanation, to above twenty educated persons of various ages and both sexes, asking them, in each case, by what emotion or feeling the old man was supposed to be agitated; and I recorded their answers in the words which they used. Several of the (60) expressions were instantly recognized by almost everyone, though described in not exactly the same terms; and these may, I think, be relied on as truthful, and will hereafter be specified. by convincing me how easily we may be misguided by our imagination; for when I first looked through Dr. Duchenne’s photographs, reading at the same time the text, and thus learning what was intended, I was struck with admiration at the truthfulness of all, with only a few exceptions. Nevertheless, if I had examined them without any explanation, no doubt I should have been as much perplexed, in some cases, as other persons have been. 1. It can be inferred from the beginning the opening paragraph that with regard to “this doctrine” (line 4) the author feels
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(1) inherently drawn
(2) curiously engaged
(3) belligerently vexed
(4) emphatically opposed
(5) rigidly aligned
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2. In line 14, “intelligible” most nearly means ________.
(1) vociferous
(2) insightful
(3) understandable
(4) intelligent
(5) intellectual
3.
Lines 13-24 suggest that Darwin would most likely disagree with which of the following statements?
(1) The subtle distinctions between an expression of discouragement and one of disappointment are easily noted.
(2) Humans can become absorbed in the emotions of others.
(3) Changes in facial expressions are faint rather than pronounced.
(4) Sometimes it’s hard to notice whether another was feeling anxious or was simply eager.
(5) People’s faces are dynamic and compelling.
4. In line 37 “after life” most nearly means ________.
(1) spiritual
(2) life after death
(3) a more conscientious life
(4) a time late in life
(5) a time later in life
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5. Darwin portrays D. Chrichton Browne primarily as ________.
(1) a lurid and egocentric individual
(2) a debunker of widespread misconceptions
(3) an intellectual inferior
(4) a rival of Dr. Maudsley
(5) an invaluable and supportive colleague
6. The structure of the second half of the passage is best described as ________.
(1) a listing of random vignettes
(2) a series of three suggestions for case studies
(3) assessments of statistical values
(4) haphazard, romanticized musings
(5) causes followed by their tangible effects
7. In the final paragraph, the author suggests that various people’s interpretations
of the photographs taken of “the face of an old man” (line 52) are ________.
(1) ludicrous
(2) unpredictable
(3) subjective
(4) inconsequential
(5) objective
8. In context, “galvanized” (line 51) most closely means ________.
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(1) surged
(5) incited
(2) electrified (3) solidified
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(4) embalmed
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