Amphibians in the border region between Uruguay and Brazil [PDF]

phibien, beispielsweise Süßwasserlagunen, Flüsse, Bäche, Teiche und temporäre Wasseransammlungen. Diese. Habitatvie

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Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 1: 95–121; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2008.

95

Amphibians in the border region between Uruguay and Brazil: Updated species list with comments on taxonomy and natural history (Part I: Bufonidae)1 R aúl Maneyro & Axel Kwet Abstract The border region between Uruguay and the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul comprises four major biomes, i. e. the coastal dune zone, adjacent wetlands, low hill ranges (cuchillas), and grassland (pampas). All these environments provide different microhabitats for amphibians, such as continental lagoons, rivers, small streams, ponds and temporary water bodies. This habitat diversity is reflected by high species diversity, but the amphibian fauna in this region is yet poorly studied. Recent fieldwork revealed several new records for anurans, including a recently described species of toad, Chaunus achavali. In our publication we provide an updated check list of the species belonging to the family Bufonidae (toads) occurring in this region, including taxonomical comments, conservation issues, natural history notes, zoogeographical considerations and an updated bibliography. A total amount of 13 species of Bufonidae is known from the study area belonging to the genera Chaunus (formerly Bufo) and Melanophryniscus. Chaunus is represented by seven species in three taxonomic groups (C. marinus, C. granulosus and C. crucifer groups), whereas Melanophryniscus is represented by six species in three groups (M. stelzneri, M. moreirae and M. tumifrons groups). We present a key for the identification of these bufonid species in the study region. Based on geographical distribution patterns of the species involved, we distinguish five main ecological groups: coastal species inhabiting sandy soil layers (Chaunus arenarum and Melanophryniscus montevidensis); species shared with the Argentinean mesopotamic region (Chaunus granulosus group); species characteristic for the chacoan region (Chaunus schneideri); species associated with the low hill regions of Uruguay and southern Rio Grande do Sul (most taxa belonging to Melanophryniscus); two species of Chaunus (C. ictericus, C. henseli) are associated with the Atlantic forest biome further to the north being untypical for the border region. K e y w o r d s : Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo, Chaunus, Melanophryniscus, checklist, nomenclature, zoogeography, conservation, Uruguay, Brazil. Zusammenfassung Die Grenzregion zwischen Uruguay und dem brasilianischen Bundesstaat Rio Grande do Sul umfasst vier große Naturräume, nämlich die Dünenzone an der Küste, die angrenzenden Feuchtgebiete, die Region der Hügelketten (Cuchillas) und das Grasland (Pampas). All diese Lebensräume beinhalten unterschiedliche Mikrohabitate für Amphibien, beispielsweise Süßwasserlagunen, Flüsse, Bäche, Teiche und temporäre Wasseransammlungen. Diese Habitatvielfalt spiegelt sich in einer hohen Anurendiversität wider. Neuere Feldforschungen erbrachten mehrere Erstnachweise für Froschlurche, einschließlich einer neuen Krötenart, Chaunus achavali. In der vorliegenden Arbeit stellen wir eine aktualisierte Checkliste zusammen, die alle in dieser Grenzregion vorkommenden Arten der Echten Kröten (Familie Bufonidae) umfasst, einschließlich taxonomischer Kommentare, Angaben zum Schutz und zur Lebensgeschichte, zoogeographischer Betrachtungen und einer aktualisierten Bibliographie. Insgesamt sind aus dem Studiengebiet 13 Arten Bufonidae bekannt, die zu den Gattungen Chaunus (bisher Bufo) und Melanophry­ niscus zählen. Chaunus ist mit sieben Arten in drei taxomomischen Gruppen vertreten (C. marinus-, C. granulo­ sus- und C. crucifer-Gruppe), Melanophryniscus mit sechs Arten in drei Gruppen (M. stelzneri-, M. moreirae- und M. tumifrons-Gruppe). Wir präsentieren einen Schlüssel zur Bestimmung der Krötenarten in der untersuchten Region. Auf Basis der geographischen Verbreitungsmuster der Arten sind fünf ökologische Großgruppen zu unterscheiden: Arten der Küstenregion, die sandige Böden bewohnen (Chaunus arenarum und Melanophryniscus montevidensis); Arten der mesopotamischen Region Argentiniens (Chaunus granulosus-Gruppe); Arten der Chaco-Region (Chaunus schneideri); Arten, die assoziiert sind mit der Hügelregion Uruguays und des südlichen Rio Grande do Sul (die meisten Melanophryniscus-Taxa). Zwei Chaunus-Arten (C. ictericus, C. henseli) sind charakteristisch für den Atlantischen Regenwald weiter im Norden und erreichen das Untersuchungsgebiet nur ganz am Rande. Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Material and methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Study area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 General taxonomic comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96 97 97 97 98

   This contribution is dedicated to our colleague Marcos Di-Bernardo (1963–2006) who died of cancer all too fast, and will be missed by the many friends who were privileged to work with him.

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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a

Neue Serie 1

4 Results and discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.1 Commented taxonomic list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.2 Key to the species of Bufonidae in the border region Uruguay/Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.3 Zoogeographical considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 5 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

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