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BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations
1968
An Archaeological Survey of Goshen Valley, Utah County, Central Utah Leland Gilsen Brigham Young University - Provo
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XN AN
archaeological
V SURVEY OF GOSHEN VALLEY valdey EY
UTAH COUNTY
A
CENTRAL UTAH
thesis
presented to the department of anthropology and archaeology brigham young
university
ent in partial fulci fulfillment fulfi of the requirements for the degree of master of arts
by
gil 611 sen lefand leiand gilsen leland august 1968
PREFACE
the objectives of this thesis are threefold
record
tine the archaeology
sites in
cii
c
goshen valleyg valleys valley vailey
materials found during the survey and dividing line 1966
ambler
1
evaluate the
2
to discover
3
to survey and
if
there is a
provo between the sevier serier fremont region as outlined by
little
aeolo archaeologically has been done arch eally eaily around utah lake aello gi cally
along ecological peoples wasatch the setting ancient bast tiie for vie front tle tie vile vlie
and several hypothesis concerning the breakdown of the fremont area
green 196480o 1964800 196480
subdivisions revolve around goshen valleyo vallebo
last half of the
the survey was conducted during the 1966 on a was
part time bariso basiso basis
operative
a co cooperative bas basiso bariso is basis
Ws
summer
arrangements were made with james mock
excavating spotten cave in genola
that the survey could
so
would excavate woald
into of who
be done on
in the cave for three days then
survey two wing week reverse so that three days were the ffollowing 1 wo days and trie 1
spew spen speh
two and excava excavatingo tingo excavating surveying
both cave excavation and surface
in this
way
we
gained experience in
survey ingo surveyingo surveying site
we
concentrated
cu and current rrent creek und cnd kimball creek drainageso and drainages draina geso
we
in the sand
eastern slope of the gintic tintic
duries dunes around the salz salt ponds and along the
ean rance ran ear
some work was done
on the
were never able to spend the time needed
dunes around the bouthern southern end of utah lake
our
for a survey of the
visit
to this area confined
to the area around 42utl03 42utlo3
appreciation is expressed to ross
T
christensen chairman of the
department of anthropology and archaeology for the use of equipment and 04 atory litjbrigham laboratory labon at labor e s fa facilities
young
universityo university
special thanks
go
to ray Tte matheny for his help and advice and also
his time spent in aerial photography in
this
method of
test the
an experiment to
an surveying in the utah desert site 4
special thanks
go
janes to james
also
wifeg mock and my wineg wife
pat for the pats
long hours spent in walking the many miles in the valleyo valley vailey vallebo
jay woodard residents of goshen woodard mount
value of
who
mr woodard spent amro mro
valley gleaning information and then spent many hours
also to earl and
helped in the excavation of the
many
hours
among
the residents of the
archaeological sites from the residents
on
in the field guiding our party to these
new
diteso siteso sltes sites
appreciation is also expressed to those students of the brigham young
university field class
6 67 who gave up 196667 1966 19666 of
boundo holidays to excavate at the woodard moundo mound
louthan judy conner beverly earl
and
at the
oney they are
thurberg bero thurbero elaine Thur thurber
to bryant and shurman jones of payson for hoe
bruce
thanks also goes
their volunteered time
is
given to dr
jesse
42u1104 look at 42 42ut23 for his advice ut1o4 and 42ut273
utah
bill
joness jones
and back
woodard mound excavation
Ac acknowledgement knowledgement
ing james
their thanksgiving
mock and
also
thanks
D do
and
jennings for coming out to
for his kindness for allow-
myself to study the collections of the university of go
to floyd
wo
sharrock
who
allowed us to work with the
were being processed nephi materials whi they while le
all
specimens recovered during the survey are now stored at the
of archaeology and ethnology
brigham young
university
provo
museum
utaho itaho utah
LG
august 1967
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
LIST usn usi
9
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introduction
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9
OF FIGURES
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ii
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chapter 110 lo
ao A
B bo
11
1110 iilo illo
IV
V
VI vl
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me ants Develop developments nts with regard to the developme
theoretical fremont culture
0
0
09
history
goshen Vvalley ey
physiography
0
e
09
0
0
0
9
0
0
V
ey location vailey valley
0
0
0
0
B
geology
9
9
9
0
C
hydrology
D do
climate
E
flora
6
fauna
procedures
e
9
9
0
0
9
e
e
method
0
A
field
B
laboratory method
descriptions
a
e
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e
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e
e
e
e
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e
9
e
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9
e
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e
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e
0
e
types of sites
B bo
site descriptions
excavation CERAMICS
0
e
09
e
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0
42utlo4 42uu04 e
e
ling methods
e
&
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u
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e
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&
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e
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a
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0
0
0
co C
sherd analysis
0
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0
D do
reworked shards sherds
e
9
e
E
pipes
9
0
0
9
a
9
0
11
12
a
17
0
17
0
0
18
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
WOODARD MOUNDS mounir
types and varieties
0
16
a0
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11
9
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e
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11
14
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09
e
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e
a0
a0
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e
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e
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01 ol 8 08
14
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0
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0
0
0
0
.99
0
0
e
9
0
0
0
B b0 ba
&
0
0
S Sany sanyling sandling
9
0
9
ao A
e
0
0
As A
SITE
0
a0
OF SITES
AT
0
0
0
A
0
0
9
21 0
21
0
57
0
76
0
0
76
0
0
76
0
87 9
91 93
VII
NON CERAMIC SPECIMENS SPECIMNS
chipped stone
A
0
0
0
0
knives
0
Q
0
0
0
1
10
0
0
9
0
1
19
Is
smoothed stone
0
awls awis kwi awls
0
0 0
0
.00
Is
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
6
a
0
0
Is
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e
a0
0
0
0
0
117 119 120 122
0
0
0
125
16
0
0
a
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
1
a
0
9
0
0
1
0
may day objects unfired clay
E
miscellaneous specimens
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
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9
a
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0
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9
0
9
0
0
e
discussion
9
0
9
e
0
0
e
settlement pattern
B
ceramic indicators
relationships culture 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
w
9
e
a
131
0
0
a
9
9
0
0 0
1
0
0
0
0
0
136
a
1
140
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
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140
0
0
142
goshen valley to the fremont of 1
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
117
125 127 127 130
0
0
A
bibliography
1
0
1
0
0
9
D
C
0
0
0
flaking tools beads of bone and shell G ng pieces e gaming e
40
0
1
1
94 104 107 112 115 115
1.1
0
grooved stone balls 0 shaft smoothers 1
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
manos
0
0
0
220 330
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
Is
0
0
0
metates metakes
6
IV
0
0
a0
1
worked bone
16
1
0
0
choppers 0 Hammer stones hammerstones
110 lo 2a 2aa 3
VIII vili
16
scrapers
drills
440 co C
0
projectile points
1 2 3 4e 4ae 550 60 6 B bo
.1 1
11
1
0
10
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
146
0
148
LIST
OF FIGURES
pege page pere
figure of the fremont area
1
map
2
42utl03 42utio3
3
woodard mound
feature
4
woodard mount
feature 17
5
cache
aa 6a
Campara comparative camparative tive
6b ab
same
data with ceramics
ac 6c
same
squares data with
7 70
profiles of trenches
6
23
pits
61
2 1
62
7
of the woodard mound
data
on
63
0
pottery types of the
woodard mound
clustered types
70
0
clustered types 0
0
71 0
0
0
0
0
profiles of square 111 III lii ged d pottery frequency and distribution gad
8 80
10
reworked sherds shards and pipe
11
projectile points
12
projectile points
130 13
projectile points
14
points projectile of distribution
15
scrapers
igo ige 160 16
scrapers of distribution
0
17
knives
0
18
knives and
19
distribution of knives
20
drills
21
distribution of drills
220 22
choppers
0
0
0
0
scrapers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
0
0
0
0
100
0
103
0
0
106
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
108
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
105
1I
0
0
0
0
0
92
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
86 83 8386
0
0
72
0
0
0
0
0
69
110
ill lii lil ili
111 III
113 114
116
page
figure fi 6 manos of discoidal distribution
23
measurement and
24
sinkers and shaft smoothers
25
26
distribution of traits bone awls and flamers flakers
0
0
2
beads and gaming pieces
0
0
28
figurines
0
a
290 29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
119
0
121
0
123
9
126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
129
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
provo of fremont fremont figurines of the
trait distribution sevier area
0
0
0
0
a
a0
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
miscellaneous specimens
31
ceramic bearing
32
ceramic distribution within the valley by type
sites in the valley
0
0
a
0
a
0
0
134
e
a
e
0
137
0
0
e
9
8143 0143 143 .143 143
0
0
144
0
0
CHAPTER ONE
introduction
theoretical
OPMENTS developments
WITH REGARD TO THE FREMONT CULTURE
the theoretical concept of the fremont culture has been in a state
of modification since the earliest archaeological explorations indicated
that
a
fanning culture had existed in utaho prehistoric farming itaho utah
one of the 1926
first
and the
morss
wass
1931
to call the material remains excavated by judd 1919
survey a during rivers the discovered of sevier his river sites
the early
westo southwesto northern peripheral area to the South southwest
judd were misled into believing that the
pit
excavatorsq excavatory excava tors excavators
such as
houses found in utah were
kivas because the tunnel entrance to the structures looked like kiva judd and morss believed that the kiva and the associ-
ventilator shafts
westo South ated farming complex must have been a growth out of the southwesto southwest
the
overwhelm ingo evidence at that time did seem overwhelmingo Look sltes evidence turner at the Tumer cited site tumerlook sites ned examined areao area she ex for possible northeastern influences in the fremont arcao
wormington 1955
from work
the evidence that the earliest sites seem to be found in the northeastern
stateo section of the stareo state
this
was
of course inconsistent with the northern
out wormington pointed the plainsstyle peripheral theoryo theory Plains style pleto also theordo graphs present in the fremont area appeared to be inconsistent with the
northern peripheral theory As more
sites
the anomaly between southwest and
evidente evident the basic material cultures differed self seif evidento theory accounted for by the northern peripheral theoryo theordo the
fremont became more too widely to be
were excavated
2
glen canyon project interrupted work on the main body of fremont sites
until the late son
1956
gunnerson when and 1950 s 1950s
taylor did
some worko work
suggested a plains promontory relationshipo relationships relationship relationshipo
gunner-
enger and biair blair
seemed to have
this idea when they recognized that skeletal materials Armel ligos personal origino been basic basicallyy of plains brigino origin armelligos basle basie
communication
disagrees with the interpretation on the basis of the
1947
advanced
lack of a statistical framework in the small numbers of skeletons but
there does
seem
to be
some
evidence
that there is
a
difference between
types the southwestern and fremont physical typeso 1965
1960 aikens 1966 in the middle 1960s
and sharrock 1966 Shar roek rock ambler 19669
did more work in the fremont area
their
there were just too
for
it
many weaknesses
work
indicated that
in the northern peripheral theory
to be upheldc upheld
lloys mulloys mullous Mu
1958222 along with that suggested by burgh and
work
scoggin 194889 indicated an early date for an intrusion of plains
traits into utah nort heasto northeasto northeast
for
the many
earliest sites
years
it
was
seemed to be
caves of the in the eaves
believed that the promontory culture
a area at but indicated a strong plains influx into the fremont areav late aread
batee datee date
steward
listed
1937
northern in origin
many
of the
traits that
were strongly
enss mitt these included a distinctive moccasin mitteness mittenss mittens ensi
scraper end sinew backed bow diceq dice dlce of dicea
particular
form paddle and
shers anvil pottery serrated bison bone metapoidal freshers fleshers fle
gunnerson 1956
indicated an association between the promontory and dismal river cultures with promontory as a
parentage dismal plains river thrust late
emerging ging evidence bnerging energing Ener
promontory than the th4t indicates that earlier is tht
the dismal river culture aikens 1966a as a c14 cia date has been cla a fremont moccasin of
AD
yearse years 1100 75 110075
made
also there have been several
of
3
promontory and fremont materials have been found to be which in sites
contemporaneous 1966a
steward 1937
smith 1941
jameson 1958
aikens
1966c
indications are that the fremont is of northern plains origin
fact that both areas share the following traits northpictography recently discovered house forms prowestern plains style pictographs due to the
jectile point
forms
bone and
surface manipulated pottery turkeys
grooved axes
and
antler artifacts moccasins bison hunting the absence of kivas sandals cotton
peculiar pottery forms
west also tend to negate southern influences
alignments like 1966
tipi rings taylor
hide shields
1957
on ccommon
traits
aikens 1966a
in the south-
such as stone 1966b
sharrock
and a boundary between fremont and southwestern
area euler 1964 aikens 1965
are also plains like
1966c
recent evidence that the promontory culture
was contemporary
the fremont and is admittedly plains in origin and nature seems to
bstantiate the plains origin for the fremont shares with the fremont the following ceramics
stone pipes
traits
floor carved pot rests
with
su-
the promontory culture surface manipulated hidden ball game
cane
the latter have recently been found cave permock spotten pottery in with fremont in direct association
dice and inscribed stone slabs
communication uni sonal co unication ubication catlon cation
the proto fremont peoples aiken 1967204 were probably
a group
of bison hunters with most of the above named characteristics who moved 600 around area utah the into
from an
AD
they seemed to have adopted
traits
early anasazi culture probably along the virgin river drain-
age or from basket maker indigenes indi genes
aikens 1967204
these people
4
adapted quickly to a modified corn horticulture
traits
the combined
were synthesized
and ceroo cerooicso icso cerwaics
into a mixed hunting horti ulture horticulture alture
economy with a continued emphasis on some
architecture
life
the old nomadic
there are
way
indications that the tipi rings continued to tc be built in the extreme
north sharrock 196610911 and possibly remained as ceremonial structures
called stone allignmentso alligrments erso house clusterso clust clusters 1957
cisco
9
enn high localities near these are found ccn
they have been reported from the old
wonn Wona wormington ington
morss 1931 torrey morss 1931
195
gunnerson 19 579 sharro3k 529 1957 sharrock 1966a
plateau
river
gunnerson 1957t 1957
site taylor
uinta basin basir
garrison taylor 19549 29549
tavaputs Tavaputs
emont F bridger basin day and dibble 1963 fremont 19639 Y
personal communication
woodard
woman
and
in
goshen valley 42ut325e 42ut325
pro to fremont peoples adopted the concept of coil made and the proto
surface painting of ceramics from the Ana sazio anasazio anasario anasazi
ve the
people synthesized
the pottery complex into a tradition of painted andor surface manipulated typeso types
also they adopted the concept of making figurines from the
anasazi and elaborated them to the point where they became one of the more
spectacular many
traits
e maemae mae ture of the fremont ma maemal ulture alture ial lai ul lal
structural forms are found in the fremont area
or areal distributions of these forms sonal typess types
0 communi commini communications canions cations o
1
is still
gene raig storage ralg in general
and the time tima tinb tine
in doubt sharrock per-
fc1lowing bellowing fellowing structures are cof cff the fel feilowing
cadle cadie pits found in most open sites bell shaped unlined cache
capped with stone or clay
2
stone lined cadhe cache
pits
found usually
square or rectangular in rock shelters stone slab in single or lined stoneslab
mult multibin ibin units
clay
mud and
3
coursed adobe surface units
floors
ranc ss navers for ent entrances pole roofs stone roof covers entranc entrant
satoneg stoneg mot stone coursed motorless motarless arless units units9
built
stone side or roof entrance covers cover so
on rock
floors
and walls of 4
mud and
masonry
pole roofs roof 59
5
type
granaries are usually found in the southwestern and
4
sites
mid western midwestern
type
in sheltered areas
granaries are more cha-
3
provo open and and of the regions act sevier racteristic eristic
of granary was called the
by steward
kanosh house
this
sites
type
but is
1933
now
recognized as a granary
dwellings are also varied and are of the following general typess types
surface or shallow pit floors
coiled
coursed adobe walls
1
rectangular to circular average fifteen feet to
a
usually is floors central firepit that circular firelit
and
of
trance
respects to type pole and
built
adobe brick
2
1
roof
mud
clay lined
some
prepared
clay lined roof
enand roof four support posts around the firepit pit fire firelit
poles
mud and
side
12
surface similar in all other
on
pit foundations or stone side central firepit firelit
3
jacal surface
to
25
feet to
a
and shallow
surface earthlodge earth lodge oval average
4
13
feet in diameter
probably roof with roof truncated conical pit central clay lined firepit fire firelit
or high side entrance
5
structure
masonry surface
roof central stone lined firepit pit fire firelit
mud
and pole
earth lodge rectangular to pit earthlodge round up to 30 feet in diameter 6 to 12 inch pits central firepil firepi some tunnel usually clay lined four support posts around the firepit pit fire firelit entrances
some
6
roof entrances probably truncated pyramid in shapeo shadeo
type 1I structures are found at nephi
thoele tooele
old
canyouo canyon
old
type
woman
is found
river
woman
nile
canyono canyon mile cantono
type
2
type
4
nephia nephi willard is found at bephia
canyon
escalante sites ephraim tooele thoele
ephraim
is found in nine mile
Marys vale ephraim is found at nephi garrison marysvale
sites at nine mile
and
Marys marysvale nhrysvale vale vaie
3
and
beaver
maeys Marys marysvale mrysvale vaie vale
and
type
and beaver
5
poplar knob caldwell turner look fremont type old
6
is found
woman
and
at nephi
beaver
gonahhp paragonahp paragonah Paragona Para
canyon mile diteso siteso nine
fig
mop map
1I
some
of
showing the location of the
the more
important
areol orea the major oreol area areal subdivisions fremont oreo
fremont sites
7
personal ners onai communication onal sharrock ders
tion
materials
and method and
contracstated that selected contruc
seem to be a
function of available mate-
rials and olace of construction rather than locally
preferences nreferences references
culturally conditioned
disagree however as archaeological data almost invari-
1I
ably demonstrates that structural designs are as culturally determined as are ceramic types
it
would appear
rich traditions there
that
traits
and southwestern
land
point types
and
other learned processes
by around AD
were
the mixture of plains
900
solidified into the fremont culture with
tenacious ability to hold onto the inhospitable
and a
an between the border abazi and the anasazi established asazi
was an
fremont peoples
euler 196480 aikens 19657 over which trade goods
were exchanged
it
would appear
that about this time regional differ-
ences also began to appear with plains
traits
being predominant in the
north and anasazi in the south
art indicates that there
fremont rock rfare
and the
wa-
was some emphasis on
it
sophisticated weaponry supports this viewpoint
has
been suggested that the fremont practiced oracticed head hunting and possibly
cannibalism
wormington 1955
the size of structures and their general clustering into small groups indicate that seemed
villages were rare
to have been in an extended family situation which exploited
the local area for
they would
visit
its
animal resources while practicing
1956
horticulture
the same bame areas around springs and rivers over and over
which had a tendency to build up meighan
in most cases the people
stratigraphic sequences in
some
areas
occupied be gonah appeared paragonah to continuousPara stated that
ly for about 200 years
by a group of around 150
are indications that nephi and
a few
to 200 people
there
other sites were of approximately
equal size and lasted a comparable time
8
small the sm snail size of structures indicates that they were not lived snall
in
so much as
they were the
home
base for the ffamily ly 0
there are use
areas associated with structures sharrock personal communication where most of the everyday
use areas are
firepits repits fi
pottery
seems
living went
and cache
also associated with the
on
pitso pits
to have been locally
made
are indications from the goshen survey that
painted varieties were
villages may
made
cases eases but there in most casesq casesi
some
of the more elaborate
V vo term see chapter at the long longterm sites
that traded with the more mobile groups so have been the stabilizing factor in fremont ceramicso ceramics ceramic ceranic may have developed
by around 1250
1966 to 1600 ambler 1960to
and
aikens 1967205 the
Shosho fremont began to move out of utahq shoshonian nian utah possibly because of shoshonean utahs movements become
into the basin
lamb 1958 1958e
the fremont peoples
may have
the stimulus to the dismal river culture of nebraska Nebraskaq kansas
colorado
and
19660 oming aikens 1966o 1966 voy voo Ity wyoming
GOSHEN VALLEY HISTORY
in
calantes
s 1775 Es escalantes escalante
party passed along utah valley and
ey and current creeke through goshen Vvailey valley creek
translated by bancroft
1964
some exerpts exempts from
down
hig his diary
are as followss ss follows follow
except for the marshes on the lake borders the land good which agriculturoo agricultureo agriculturer the four of rivers for is water the valley the southern mosts which they call southernmost aguas CCallien cap meadows passes through rich tess lentes ridi ridl rial callientess towns besides these able of supporting two large townso on good water are both plain and springs of rivers mountainside pasture lands are abundant and in parts the fertie soil yields such quantities quani quanities ties of flax and hemp that it seems they must have been planted mano man there by nano nan on the san buenaventura the spaniards had been troubled by the cold but here the climate a balmy bainy so so fulg y delightful the that air is is delight 9 it nighte pleasure to breathe it by day and by fighte night in the vicinity are other valleys equally delightful g
9
the products of the lake the utas hunt besides uhe hanat hanal make harel which from gather they seeds hare cind rd some might capture they 0 buffalo in stole stoie the nort northh north west but for the troublesome norl T C a conan es Coman anch comancheso they cheso hey dwell in huts of osiero osler of osier which whi&j likewise many of their utensils are made some of them wear clothes cloth esq the best of antelo antelopeo which are of the skins of rabbits and anteio antelopes pG antelope antel antei opeo 1I
0
uh and they enever whenever voaid sindians would available eal steal cattle eai
ahe ihe wz az would woula ula uld
scara scare tzhe ers into giving them food thee se settlers
when
they caught them
wes west side of the lake to chey used the was they
move
in a north south
aloneo a1one abone
direction as
it
everso verso across the e riverso thle 0on1 thig the
faster than
was much
the
last
going around west mountain and
engagement of the walker war was fought
southern shore of utah lake and 60 eo L 19 19600 st steele6 1960o
battle
is
ey valley the goshen Vvailey
known as
in 1856 a group of utes under
ey and stele valley of cedar vailey V
some
gintic tintic
moved
out
were and people cattleg killed in six cattle cattie cattler
the resulting skirmishes steele 1960 19600 1960o group to phineas a 184 and cook decided 1847 small in
area the settle
brigh south 04 of utah lake and obtained permission from president brigham &
ecung youngo ycungo ycung
they found large natural meadows of bunch grass bluestem
grass narrow grassy grass and curley grass on the higher areas and broad broadleaf leaf 1I
so grass grass and the wire lovlandso lowlands in leaf lear lovland leaf
nent and
dammed up
current creek then
town
fort
sodom
steele
irrigatlono creek for irrigate irrigat lon ion
little salt
ey was then very careo sagebrush in the Vvailey rareo valley rare was
they established a settle the original settlement
two about 1960 miles north 1960s
creeko of goshen on the east side of the creedo creek
with double wmails malis wallss of juniper posts
filled
it
of the present
was two
acres square
with sodo sod
me the lowland meadows were so rich for cattle that until the
winter of
1879 189 187
80
the
win during the winterson terso terse winterso winters and now the
residents
stogle 19600 1960o steele 1960 I1
on grazed bottoms the lake their attie attle A
own
1879 189 187 during clied over head the 3000 winter died but bat
mow
emergency grasses situations the natural for
10
some
people say the valley gets
its
name from
its
resemblance
46
goshen given to jacob by pharaoh in genesis 476 11 to the land of goshen11 47611 4611 11
ronan romantic tieg declare that but others less roman
cooks
home town
in
massachusetts
John stonOs army camped 18589 johnstons
low range of
ulated alated
goshen of
hills
it
was named
phineas after
1960o 19600 steele 1960
in cedar valley just over a
goshen and traded with the people of gosheno
settlement and
in
trade stim
1859 the people moved to a new town
called
swamp so Sand town one mile to the southwest of goshen to get out of the swamps sandtown
but the drifting
sand drove them then to the townsite hem hen
gosh goshen en of lower
es northwests mechanicsville several miles ville established only northweste and Mechanics southwest of the old forto fort
the
meadows
in
1860 l860y a
near lower goshen which
is
the people slowly moved to the present
ditch now
site
was dug from
the
300
yards
dam
to
creedo called job creeko creek finally goshen of
steele
1960
11
CHAPTER TWO
physiography
is located in central utah at the south end of utah jakeo lakeo lake the valley is surrounded by mountains and drains directly on utah the east is west mountain and long ridge with into lake goshen valley
a pass between them located
is
mount nebo
andd 29550 79550 2550 7550
a snow covered peak over 129000 12000
s
feet
above the
mount nebo where
goshen valley
untie
taquino santaquino at San santaquin taquin to the east of long ridge
is
valley floor
feet
leveigh above sea levei leveig level
current carrent creek originates on
the snows provide perennial watero water batero
on the south
narrowed by the junction of long ridge with the east
west mountains border the the gintic side of the also tintic
range 0
vvalley ey and along the northwest borders vailey border 9 the lake mountains complete
all tyo varietyo variety varie verie verle
the chain
ranges are of the typical northsouth north south tending basin and
range
highway 6 passes through the valley
in
an
east west
santaquin taquin to the pass through the gintic direction from the pass at San tintic 68 down mounta goes highway mountainso mountainsh the west side of utah lake and joins inso mountains highway 6
at
El elbertao elberta bertao GEOLOGY
most of the
valley consists of broad alluvial fans and gravel
beds deposited by lake bonnevilleo bonneville
the surrounding ranges have a
short history compared to the wasatch front immediately to the easto east gray an over and oquirrah upthrust formation basically is along l&l kal kai age the to displacement lal red shales of jurrasic vertical Jur rasic ageo total
mount nebo
the wasatch front amounts to
many thousands
of feato feeto feet
long ridge
12
seems
to be a late thrust of cretaceous and tertiary formations covered
tertiary
with a cap of volcanic rocks of ageo a comparable age of is
the
tintle
range gintic east the tintic
ageo age
mountains were a major source of
minerals used by the indians in the manufacture of stone toolson toolso tools HTCROLOGY HYMOLOGY
the
is
do ant dominant
feature
gosh goshen en valley of
is
utah jakeo lakeo lake
the lake
it is
a fresh water body which freezes over almost ost every winter freshwater
about 22 miles es wide and covers about 959000 acreso es long and 10 miles acress acres aeres deptho the lake averages only about eight feet in depths depth
due to
its
large
surface area the level fluctuates during long dry or wet spells wakefield 1933 193300 1933o seepages seepages springs the water sources for the lake are streams 9 seepagesq
in or near the lake
and
preeipitationo precipitation
most of the water comes from
provo adver fdver streamss but there are huge springs feeding the rlver and other streams
the lake along the shore linero lineso lines iines miles
the lake drains about 3600 square
pronto att all atl of the active sources from the wasatch fronto
seventy east mountains miles the of five uinta in is
river source
utah lake and drains an area of about 600 square mileno mileso miles niles
river is
provo the
spanish fork
drainages drainage the next largest water source with almost as great a drainageo drain ageo
there are ten streams feeding the lake and only one the jordan flowing from
it
wakefield 1933
canyons goshen canyon
one and one
half
0
southeast easts cuts through long ridge for in the south
mileno mileso miles niles
it
has a general northwest southeast trendo trend
more no canyon 200 high and steep current than walls has the feet de
creek flows through
it
peterson V juab mount ey nebo and from valley vailey 1953
0
13
goshen the main northeastnorthest trending northeast northwest valley ends in northest canyore cenyon yone yoro yore Can bouth kimball creek canyon the th south calyore
is dry in the valley but at higher elevations there is
kimball creek
except during heavy melt or rainsq rains9 rainsb
it
a4 constant flow about one foot wide and several inches ceepo deepo deep would appear
that this is sufficient for horticultural or
camping
as needs deeds there are aboriginal house clusters and campsites along the nteds9
reke rsek
asek
ridge 0
the tle
warm warn wam
two
miles east of the
springs are located on the west escarpment of long town
gosheno of goshen
the springs are thermal
fo keeping a constant year round temperature of 710 71 F
located along a mile long fault and average heado beado head
1 6 62
second
the springs are
feet with
a low
two centq output a per cent only dropped springs the 25 centa of the after
year drought in 1935 andd have never been
known
to dry up peterson
1953 19530 1953o
ey are a group of salt ponds which vailey in the center of the vvalley
they are fed from an unknown source and
over aver in the wintero freeze ever kintero winter
are
on d-ifferent terent ferent
If
producedd es proda est pondse ponds fondse
a
ase elevatiarxs eleatioi
ditches dug from the highest to the low-
rapid flow but in
they average arage about
30
no way
altered the level of the
feet in diameter
and about 30
nge nga woodardq meary wbodard personal communication able abie depth woodardd avable arable arabie
sligbtly saline but of very low slightly riigmly lw concentration difeo variety of simple forms of ilfe lifeo life
feet in
the water
is
amassing and supports an amazing
ed throughout the valley in the theris there are a few springs scattered seatter most mnexpen ted places but these mos unexpected
flats
generally dry up in the
covered with growths of reed and bullrusho bull buil buli rusho bullrush
are
mud mad
two
of cf these vegetation colonies near the salt ponds
summer
these
there are
14
CLIMATE
the overall
goshen valley climate of
is
akridg sent semi aridg seni arld the annual arid semiarid
west inches precipitation being only 130 side of utah lake has the 13.0 130 a little higher precipitation in summer as storms tend to form over
untie march aprilp aprile april
mountains and move across the valley
the
and september
july august
and may while the dry months are june
the valley averages four stormy days a month in
ten stormy days a month in spring
summer and
che the wet months are
there
is
a
yearly
average of sixty two stormy days wakefield 1933 1933o 19330
the mean annual
ey temperature of the vvalley veiley
frost free days in the valley
and 150 on the
is
47.50 4750 4 5 F with 125 4750
higher benches wak-
efield leid 1933 19330 1933o
ji
the summer months are characterized by high temperatures low
rainfall
because of these conditions the soil
and high evaporation
moisture used by most plants comes from precipitation occurring during
the
first
year five months of the yearo bearo FLORA
plants observed in the valley during the survey varied with
altitude
and
soil conditions
around the extensive swamps and bogs
of utah lake were abundant reeds vahl vahi valibus validus yahl sahl is the most
common
bullrushesq esq and cat rushes bullrushes bull buil bullrush
tails
scripps scripus scrildus
vailey bullrush in the valley
goshen bay are about 10000 acres of alkali area around the in
land which supports only extreme
artemisia tridentata tridentate tri dentata the main vegetation greasewood
is
Saco sacolatus latus
wakefield 1933 1933e
on
sage h&lophytes grasses and halophzies salt
the dune areas
sages sage
farther out in the valley
chrysothamnus nauseosus brush rabbitbrush rabbit
juniperus vermiculatusq and utahensis juniper vermiculatust
15
site
42uu049 the cave the flora recovered from 42u1104
james mock was
by glenn moore of the
identified
BYU
excavated by
botany depart
ment and are as follows 111 this level lii is III lil
level
a temporary
from the surface and
prunus prunus
label as this is the third
consists of fremont materi materialso also
persica arment aca armeni armeniaca anneni anneniaca
umm urm urn arc sp arctium krc ti kre pinus pinns adulis finns edulis
peach seed intrusive apricot seed intrusive plum seed intrusive
prunus melanoma a carpa melanocarpa noca meia mela melanoca melano
cocklebur pinon pine choke cherry hackberry sage brush
Saco sarcobatus sacobatus batus vermiculatus
greasewood
juniperus utahensis populus angustephoria
juniper poplar
phragmites spo
rush tumbling mustard sunflower
reticulata celtis reticulate reti culata dentata artemesia tridentata tridentate tri
spo brassica sp helianthus Heli athus annus heliathus A sambucus San bucus glanous sanbucus alanous alandus phi phisoca so carpus spo stansburyia ylaa yia stansbur cowenia stansbu codenia stansby
salix
spo
quercus gam gambolei bolei 1hus ahus rhus ibus trilobata ihus trilobita tri lobata spo cirsium sp zea mays Phap phaseolus sp eolus spo
sp cucurbita spo
elderberry nine bark rose cliff diff alff willow oak skunk brush
thistle corn bean squash
16
fauna
no
animal bones have been
material from the cave is
so
identified
great that
numerous animals were observed
it
gosh en from goshen
valley as the
zoologists has swamped the zoologistso zoologistso
in the area during the survey
and a
partial list follows spo odocoileus odocileus sp L lepus
doer deer black
jackrabbit tailed Jack rabbit cottontail rabbit
californious califor nious
spo sylilagus Sylila gus sp diosa tum erethizon diosatum D
porcupine rock squirrel common raven rock wren
tellus
spo sp Si vitellus sitellus
corvus obsoletus obsoletes salpintus pintus obsoletus Sal obsoletes macro macrours urs zenaidura macrourus gamb gambelii lophortyx gambelli elii anas sp spo spe spo aythya vthya athya sp fulica americana cana canadensis densi s canadensi branta eana
mourning mounting dove
beis bels
gambers Gam cambers
teal duek duck dack
american coot goose canadian
sm many more were er forms of animal smaller snailer there
sm and small smail fishy miscellaneous birds snakes birds9 lizards birdsa fish 9 fishl
the animals mentioned
seem
quail
the
likeliest
life
such as
mammals
but
food animals and the animal
spec specioso specieso bones recovered appear to have been of these spee species leso ieso
bison was
night be mountain sheep from the fremont recovered along with what might
level levei of the lavel CAVO reporto cave report
cavoo cave eave cadoo
A
complete
list
will
be published in the spotten
2.7 27 17
27
CHAPTER THREE
procedures FIELD
the
carl
first
hugh jones
area to be explored contained those sites found by 1961
and
communicatione jay woodard personal communications communication
the
ageg drainage explorations were confined to the sides of the current creek drain so
it
line
county juab survey utah should the at the start that
was decided
and work down streamo stream
the explorations of dunes on both sides of
the creek creck were done at intervals of 25 to 50 men aen &en hen
feet
between each person
any stone flakes were discovered a cry would be given
indicating
quene frequene y frequent the nature of the material and through the numbers of calls the frocp bency fre froce iency
surveyors yers usually determined the areal distribution of the of calls the surve iyo at times lyo quicklyo quickly site fairly quick
a single
find would keep the group in the
area of a drainage for several hours before someone would discover where
it
came from and
piteo the siteo locate site
special attention
was
paid to
flat
areas between the dunes and creek and the top of dunes which seemed to have been a
favorite
groundy ccamping ground ing groundo
in the dunes around the salt ponds and lake the ridge and slope w were ed walked dunes of the
once a
area
down
ulation
at
to
site
11
was made
was
site
located
we
iono sectiono of a sect sections section
placed
all
it
on the map by narrowing the
through the survey a careful tab-
group so the surface of features that
any moment of dimce timce time
given a
siteso in search of diteso sltes sites
number
the
and a
site
was
knew where
it
was
neasure measureddv usu usuallyy by pacing then measure
description
made
of the site features as well
18
as a sketch mapo map nap thenio number on chenio them
were placed in paper bags with the site materials all
where
by going to various
there
was too much
parts of the site
alg material ais als materi
a sample was obtained
all cultural
and picking up
mat
eerialo drialo ri al
six sites
were already known and numbered
more were added to
that
number by the survey
in
for
a
gosh en valley and 68 goshen 4 74 of sites total
42jb73 the numbers used were 42ut272 42ut22 through 42u1338 4zut338 and 42jb3o
laboratory
artifacts
once the and
in from the field they were washed
were brought
they were then numbered with the site number and placed in
dried
nadeo divided storage drawers until an analysis could be madeo made nade was
all
tage debatage deba
away edg and thrown avayo placed in general categories count counted
classified
material
was
group of
artifacts
all
and a museum catalogue card made out
such as knives or
worked
for each
piteo from each points siteo projectile site
classes of artifacts were devised
on
the basis of the artifact
configurations and not on any preconceived system
an attempt was made
to keep the system as simple as possible so that each class would not seemed to also this
appear too ambiguous or too complex
statistical
sense as the numbers involved in each class were increased
to the point where they approximated a
that berge used
systems
make more
on
statistical
1I
sample 0
his projectile points just too
found the
cumbersome
to
handle berge 1964
pottery
in
a new way which
will
be discussed under
the old pottery classifications were so confused that the
ceramics
material
was handled
no
fit
longer seemed to cito fito
fremont culture
the amount of information about the
has more than doubled
in the
last
two
years
19
all sites forms and are on
were recorded on
file
university of utah standard site survey
with the department of anthropology there and at
brigham young university
p
20
POUR CHAPTER FOUR
description A
areg arec
goshen main valley are located in three mall epical mail r1ae 1ofical sites in raae
crek drd
nage ard drcdlnag
ta ina
of the erek ci eko crek
jle tle
ane tne r bends lends othr 1I
is
As
around dune areas
3
1 cocat octad ocat octcd
prcticket
por prapor in the valley pr prjpor
sites are usually located in the high dune
eek esk orr even on the slope away from the water creek
leek lesk I
ule on uie jie the
steno stens stero are along the edge of the creek but high clu house ciu clusters
tc a large
i
along the upper
on are dunes the located either side in sites
out of the reach of floods roach oat
enough
2
z dunes
A thec camp
tle tie
n cIri oveil oveilciri clde cled
7
and 2nd and
rp cu nt creek current currert
lne lna
0mothr the
ule current creek drainage the uie
aion alor
1
3
kimtal2
OF SITES
flat
area where
42u1273 largest sites site sltes 42ut27 sub surface irrigation is subsurface ohe nie the ole oie
9
on where end the lower creek the the the sites of ites
coday ayo tod loday 070
s
c ger s a rc produce sand dun valley ajner 13r valleylike ijner like duns dens loner lorer
effect are scattered over
higher the hift rred fred ier brud ler ud fr frud
te c qi fo&d foad fe th
kribill kribtlll
creek year sear fear
A
flt
ture techniques
bhe the ar5q arjo arj9 t n humie hunie hunte hmiters hunten heiters hunter 1
natnatljcal
rf
tr
e
i
1
rreas eas
or next to alt oui well weil OLI olt
sites are found in these areas where springs und rrundo the larger sites are located next to springs rando
creek
kliirib
rj
dhere oher sub liere
surface waters could have aided horticul-
on high are the side of the creek the of sites all f
pegel peael reareadih off floodse floods
in
unio aniu ar uniu the aruna
thee dunr duness the duar
are scattered throughout the valley
wintering birds probably attracted
in
salt a a ground and water dunes feeding the offer natural the ater aler is nne warm ine 3 springs by aind area lind spring are the fed dunes llinj rhe the also in this llina iind ponds
many
c
1
age drainagpe drainage drain
D
wann phe n darjes along daries dimes the wab the earies
pne
springs area probably were a rich
21
source of wild
life
during the winters but no trace of sites can be
the whole area has been leveled graded and rebuilto rebuilt
found today
also has been used as a cattle grazing area and
it
by hooves torn their is
68 highway appear to have been natural camping along the dunes
for indian groups moving along the west side of the lake the west report accounts utes used pioneer ao the side of the lake as the that counts grounds
their
main north south route northsouth
ey was surveyed to a vailey the southern part of the vvalley ex tent than tl extent
a3
potentialso also aiso north because of the drainage potenti potentials
much
greater
current and
kimball creek offered the best circumstances for settlement so the main
phasis
en emphasis
in the area of dunes around
of the survey was in this area
arid arld a the lakes lake sites have been reported in mass by the local residents and yte agte G gte quick ride by tote indicated the correctness of these observations
just
there
was
snows
altered our plans
no time
the following
is
to investigate this area in any detail as winter
a
brief listing
and
description of the sites in
gosh en vailey goshen valley i VILLAGE SITES
lower current creek
upper current creek
42u1102 42utlo2
42ut273 42ut23
42u1338 42ut338 HOUSE CLUSTERS
lower current creek
upper current creek
42ut293
42ut275 42ut25
4 ut297 42u1297
42ut279 42ut29
42u1299 42ut299
42ut282
42u1300 42ut3oo
42u1286 42ut286
42ut301
kimball creek
22
42u1307 42ut3o7
42u1325 42ut325
42ut309 42ut3o9
42ut327 42ut32
u 6 ae y2ut3j6
tjj
42ut328
genota ceno genola eno a
42ut333
geno C
reservoir
42ut1o4 42utl04
elberta project
42ut306 42ut3o6
42ut103a 42utl03a
CAMPSITES CAMPSITE St
creek current lower lover
upper current cheek creek
42u1292 42ut292
42ut274 42ut24
42u1294 42ut294
42ut276 42ut26
42u1295 42ut295
42ut277 42ut27
42ut296
42u1280 42ut280
42ut298
42ut281 42ut28l
42u1308 42ut308
42ut283
salt
42ut284
ponds
42ut302
42ut285
42ut303 42ut3o3
42ut288
42ut304 42ut3o4
42u1289 42ut289
42ut334
42ut290
42ut335
42ut291
kimball creek
42ut313 42ut3l3
42u1320 42ut320
42ut314 42ut3l4
42ut321
42ut315
42ut322
42ut316 42ut3l6
42u1323 42ut323
42ut337
4201324
elberta project
42ut326
d c 42ut1o 3b ab 9 9 42utl03bcd
42ut329
42u1310 42ut31o
2
sm
sen SEC 3
10
1500 isoo
FENCE fende fehde
x AREA
AR E
asoo 4soo
SEC
408 w03
anro rom m BERGE ahro row ron FIGURS figure
1
Z 2
24
conto cont
CAMPSITES
42ut330
42ut311 42ut3ll
42ut331
42ut312 42ct312
42ut332
42ut3l7 42ut31
dune
distance between
4
2
4281319
goshen and warm springs
42ut3o5 42ut305 swe SW seca rw 42utl02 42utlo2 rwf elw house cluster secof of seco2 sec2 t10s rlw raf of
ohis this site road the bend roade
is
about one mile northwest of the town of goshen on
it is
the east side of the road and in the field
on
across from the white mite wite farm
it
was excavated
to an extent and
is reported
fiveo in chapter yive fileo five 42u 42utl03 Ssiw
of
SW S
seca of seco2 sec2 t4s ts
RLW
campsite and house cluster auster duster
half is occupations it is on a low bench mile long and consists of multiple oceupationso along an old shore line near the sourhwestern southwestern end is a spring which bench covered with shifting oie ole the levelso sie fluctuates with the lake leverso is levels leveis end duneso has sands due to the nature of the local doneso northeastern dunes the de
this site is
on
the elberta project farm and
about one
been leveled and placed under cultivations cultivationo cultivation 1I
have divided the
site
up
into four areas see figure
what equivalent to those assigned by jones 19610 1961o 1961
cluster next to the spring area been
B
is
area
A
a group of campsites
partially destroyed by the road area
C
is
is
that
D
is
these sites have been lumped together because they overlap
D
campfires fremont pottery in association with camp fires
b predominantly non fremont does seem to be
have
perhaps
twenty duneso twentyfive dunes five small campsites that are scattered in the doneso
some
a house
another group of
possible houses but in a very eroded condition area
areas have
some-
2
all of also all ail ali area rea
25
CULTURAL MATERIAL
area
A
provo gray 29
tage Deba debatage 65 agate
gray salt lake 14 sevier gray 1 scraper fragment 4 hammer stones hammerstones 2 mano fragments 4
CULTURAL
affiliation
CULTURAL MATERIAL
2
1 2
34 81 69 3
bt
area
B
gray sevier scraper fragments
Deba tage debatage
57 agate 5 quartzite e 38 ch chert ehert
34 1
affiliation
CULTURAL MATERIAL
flat
affiliations affiliation
1 3
type
drills 1
2 CULTURAL
chert jasper obsidian
tage Deba debatage 79 agate 34 quartzite 54 45
chert jasper obsidian
6 scraper fragments 2 hammer stones hammerstones
knife
type type
21 1
2
N
fragments B
16
area DDs
1 Sho shoshone shoni sherd shoshoni 10 projectile points 1I type H 1 type L 7
tage dabatage debatage Daba Deba 36 agate 8 quartzite
fremont
provo gray 4 prove
1 type
jasper andesite
area CCs
8 salt lake gray 2 sevier gray 1 hammerstone mono discoidal 1 1 tubular shell bead
CULTURAL MATERIAL
rt
fremont
provo gray 15
CULTURAL
obsidian
fremont
provo prove prow gray
AL CULTURAL CUL
quartzite chert jasper
A
B
affiliation
unknown Unknowng
possibly late ute
26 SE of 42utl04 sek 42utio4
ridge from San santaquin taquin
it
deep
is
almost as wide as deep
in the rear
feet
it
to 1967
level
IV and V
rest
fill
feet
deep
as
twenty one
there were five main stratigraphic
level
temporary labels
desert culture
this material
is
in the front and five
thirty six feet long
was
it
the period of
1
level
the strata
white contact fremont
111
1 bottom of level I was sealed off the
of the cave by a layer of sheep dung ranging from
inches in depth
like cement
it
a cave
was excavated over
gatherers and hunters late
11
and in a
vas wad the largest of which the fremont was
were from top to bottom
level
it
passes over long
shelter than
contained seven feet of
sequences in the cave
from the
more of a rock
after excavation
period
where
the cave opens to the southwest and is
the cave
and seventeen
wide
6
the site is southwest of the reservoir
rocky outcrop of the ridge
1964
ts
elw cave site t9s rlw
4
is just south of highway
this site
thirty feet
of sec
NW nwk awk
was so
to
4
consolidated as to be very
12
much
rodent action in the cave after this time seems to have
been confined to the sides of che the cave where the dung did not extend
each level had many living floors as evidenced by compacted an abundance of
were taken from
artifacts almost all
at the present time
it
all levels
and an
angostura point that
level
C
the fremont level contained corn beans
14
samples
was
and squash
wall across the entrance of
mud
promontory inscribed slabs were found in from the fremont
and
and
of them but are not available for evaluation
also contained a sleeping platform
the cave
fire lenses
had
soils
obviously out of context were obviously but levels all
they were not in association with the typical
ge and this seems to bear out the hypothesis that promontory assemblege assemblage assemble
promontory were contemporaneous and fremont
27
great salt lake gray snake valley gray gray knolls gray sevier
60.07 6007 21.61 2161 12.82 1282 5.49 549 99.99 9999
178 64
38 16
296
42ut
it
36 TIOS RIW
qo u ao rou rau uk r4u A rod
pictograph
jaw daw jam
k
canyon upper near the old current creek is located in
this site flume
153 sec
is done in red paint
CULTURAL
affiliation kle lle
N
42utl54
SW awk swk
fremont 5wyq 5
i
of
SW awk swk
of sec
pictograph
36 TIOS RIW
SATJ TJ SA
canyon about 100 yards is located in current creek
this site
north of the bridge and
dam
it
across the creek
of the road and high up under an overhang
is
on
there is
the east side
line beneath
a
the main spiral which has been repainted with red spray paint CULTURAL
affiliation
fremont
42utl55 sec 1I
26 TIOS RIW
pictograph
it
able to find this pictograph either
was not
canyon about k mile northwest of the flume creek
it
also reported
reagan
CULTURAL
affiliation
sits
the creek up
of sea se6
SE
26
t10s bios tios
canyon current creek
and to the south of the wolf farm
in an overhang and are hard to see
zag lines and a triangular zig zigzag done in red
man
affiliation
RIW
pictograph
cliff the hill is on
fremont
the
hill
which
to the west of
pictography are high the pictographs
they are of an animal
with upraised arms
paint
CULTURAL
was
fremont
group is located in the limestone
in the mouth of
two men
1935
NE of 42ut272 neb nek
this
is of
this site
both in ceremonial costume and is done in red paint by
is in current
several
these are also
0
28
444 NE neb NE 42ut273 nek of sec of neb nek
this site is located their
it
house
is
swings around the
hill
west of
side of current creek where the creek
the site is located
hill and decaying clay walls artifacts top of the hill to the cultivated thirteen structures
of the
rlw village t10s elw
the wolf farm on the sand
on
on the west
hill
26
on the
visible
were
hillside
and the top
from concentrations of
the site covers the area from the ground to the west and south and
extended to an old abandoned shack about 600 feet to the west CULTURAL MATERIAL
provo gray 556 15 provo black on gray 1 provo black on gray provo 44provo
14 provo
Deba tage debatage 34 agate
corru-
gated exterior applique fingernail impressed gray on red
3
16 100
obsidian 1I andesite
2
2 provo 2provo 1 provo incised 1provo 109 salt lake gray 44salt impressed fingernail lake salc saic salt isalt 285 sevier gray 1 1sevier sevier applique gray 2 2sevier on sevier black gray 6 6sevier on sevier red
1
3
5 5unknown unknown
10
projectile points
type A 1I type E 1I type G 1I type 1 I 5 fragments 1 shaft smoother 1I hammerstone hammers cone tone done 1I pecked stone ball 2
CULTURAL
affiliation
this site is current creek dunes and is 75
5
scrapers
2 2
type E 4 fragments mano fragments metate fragments deep trough type A pottery
3
gaming
pieces
fremont 24
alos flos fios tlos elw rlw campsite
and wolf farm of immediately the north dunes the
the crossing and a fence road farm of south is just
it on a
type B drill knives 1I type B 1 type E 1 fragment 1
NW SW swk nwk of sec of awk 42ut274 awk
on
quartzite chert jasper
spur of the sand ridge
feet in diameter
the area of occupation is about
29
CULTURAL MATERIALS
1 type
drill
A
tage Deba debatage 14 agate
scrapers
2
type B fragment
1 1I CULTURAL
5
1
affiliation
42u1275 42ut2d
net nei of
NE
unknown
aq sq SE
see of sec
jasper
flint
xs as siw 23 house t10s 23nos
auster cluster duster
down on west a 42ut274 spur and projecting 42ut24 just of this site is is came across the farm road and fenced part major fenceo the the of materials fence no rom ron from boado roado the ffron north of structural materials were recovered but three road depressions indicate the possibility of structures of some kindo the area be
is
about 150 baet 4aet et square and overlooks the same and which has
does
flat irrigations ationo surface irrigationo irrigation irrig natural sub subsurface
area that 42u1273 42ut273
CULTURAL MATERIAL
provo prove gray 31
tage Deba debatage 766 agate
gray salt lake 4 sevier gray 2
2
1
projectile point fragments type
B
drill
1 scraper fragment 1 chopper 2 hammer stones hammerstones hammerstcnes CULTURAL
affiliation
this site is
it is it is
75
feet
on
the
3
1 mano fragment
SE
from the fence dune and among
elw campsite sec 23 t10s rlw of seco
line
which cuts the two wolf farms
greeso the juniper treeso trees
in halfo half hair
to th the west the sand
hill
this site is only teepee as an irregular single steepee
valley of current creeke creek
about 20 feet in diameter and may have been a
ring of stores stokes outlines the site stohes stoneso ring of stoness stones stohes
obsidian
the north side of current creek and west of 42ut25o 42ut275
swings north to widen the
tle the tie
quartzite chert jasper
fremont
42ut26 IMJ net imi of nei on
63 23 9
gre were wre found within the materials of all
30 CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage 16 agate
quartzite chert jasper
7
8 1I
obsidian
1I
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
NE NE 42ut277 nek of neb nek neb of sec
this site is
it
of 42ut273
is
highest point of the sand hill about
on the
hill
the
most of the
hills
was
h
mile
as well as the surrounding
materials were found
material
of the summit
just west
overlooks the exit to current creek
the valley between the sand
terrane
lookout and campsite
the south side of upper current creek
on
west of the wolf farm canyon
26 TIOS RIW
on
the north and west sides
200 800 by an over area of about scattered
dery feet but dery thinly and with the main concentration around the summit CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage 258 agate
provo gray
10
gray salt lake 4 sevier gray 1I type A projectile point
11
2
24 15 4
scrapers
2
type C 1I fragment 1I
CULTURAL
SW awk swk
this site is located on the top of a
to a sand and
feet with a
pit
of sec on
23 TIOS RIW
kill site
the south side of upper current creek
pit
in firepit firelit
bones and stone chips
it
killed
the firepit firelit
three feet in
and
it
much
of the
windblown is site
and
25 an area of about to confined is
the center
the sand is covered with split
appears that about seven animals the size of
large deer were was
discoidal
fremont
on the farm
sloughing into the gravel by 10
mano
the site is above the western wolf farm and next
spur
gravel
4obsidian obsidian
flat fiat 1flat aflat 1
affiliation
42ut278 sek of
quartzite chert jasper
eaten
on the spot
diameter and about
possible horse bones deep four inches deepe
31 CULTURAL MATERIAL
1 1 25
projectile point fragment
flat
metate fragment
representative large bones unidentified
CULTURAL
quartzite chert jasper
54 2
mammal
48
obsidian
3
affiliation
42u1279 42ut279
unknown
sve of seco sec 23 t10s elw see of swe rlw house muster auster cluster
NW N
goshen the finch farm west of the main road to gosheno
this site is on a large flat area is on
it
tage Deba debatage 7 agate
on top
pit
of the sand
this site is well
commercial sand gravel pito
hills
and west of a
above the creek and
very dry but
some
farming dry dryfarmingo
re ains but in there are no visible house remains
areas have recently been plowed for what looks like two
places
stone alignments appear to have been destroyed by plowing and a road
the cultural material was spread out over an area of
but most
was
300 by 100
feet
concentrated in the center of the site
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
provo gray 5
gray salt lake 8 sevier gray
12
9
72 40 9
projectile points 1 type A 1 type E 1 type F 1 type G
agate
quartzite jasper
obsidian 150 chert anda 3 andesite andasite site 6
1
4 fragments
calcite
manoag 3 manosg manos 2 1 loaf
flat discoidal
CULTURAL
affiliation
42ut280 nee net nef nei of
thiss bend west
site is
fremont NE
elw sec 22 t10s r1w rlw campsite of seco
on the north side
of the finch farm house
damse dams old pond and cement adamse
shaped
it
of upper current creek on the
the
west slightly of the site is
with sand the at of the foot hill is
32
awayo away the creek less than 100 feet agwayo
the material was thinly scattered
over an area of about 100 by 100 feato feeto feet CULTURAL MATERIAL
1 provo 2 knife CULTURAL
tage Deba debatage 26 agate
gray fragments
10
affiliation
42ut281 42ut28l
sa s4 SW
of
chert
fremont NB NE
see 22 t10s sec of seco
this site is south of upper current creek
HLW
on a
campsite
spur projecting spuro
is monfet onfet field onlet inlet
the site overlooks the farm road along the edge of the dune and west of a row of trees planted by the early settlerso so settlers settler
is just below the site to the dortho northo north the material
road
A
and an old road used to cross the creek was found on
the tip of the spur and was
spread out by the erosion to a circle of about
ffeet
50
CULTURAL MATERIAL
itebatage nbatage 6 agate
1 provo black on gray 2 loaf shaped manos CULTURAL
affiliation
42ut282 2ut282 NE
of
NE
chert 1 obsidian 2
fremont seco sec of see
22 TIOS
rlwhouse cluster luster iuster
on upper current the creek side of north located this site is tils on the east end of a flat area where the creek swings a little south pond the site is at the foot of the sand before turning towards the pondo
hill
and overlooks a
grown with reeds and
marshlike area of the creek bottoms which is overcat coattails tails cattails
of materials of at least three the structures
is
abundanto abundanto
there is evidence from concentrations and
so possibly five structureso structures structure
the whole area
is
aay clay day
overgrown with sagco sage sacco
from
33
CULTURAL MATERIAL
provo gray 71 provo ingray 5 black ongray 7 50 1
tage Deba debatage 20 agate
gray salt lake gray sevier
25
quartzite
14 chert 1 andesite anda andasite site
gray sevier redon 1 sevier black on gray 1 temperless sherd sheid 1 B type 1 cyp e 1 11 typ dr drill
5
projectile points 1 1 3
vertical
11vertical mano CULTURAL
affiliation
42ut283
aq sq SB
of
1 nie
type A type C fragments
fremont
of sec
22
lios llos
r1w elw rlw campsite
this site is east of the power lines it is on the end of the spur among sand blowouts and juniper trees blowouts the area is a circle about 50 feet in
south of upper current creek on the second spur
diameter
an abandoned house of which only the overlooks this site
foundations remaine remain CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 52 agate
quartzite 14 chert
13 CULTURAL
affiliation
NB 42ut284 nef nei of
this site is
on
na n4 4
unknown
seco sec 22 t10s elw rlw campsite of see
the north side of upper current creek where
go to to the pond northward bends the creek
spur around which the creek swings
population and this spur being seeno seen
feet
this site is
and ands probably andi
shing fishing fi
is
the only
larges large
it
is
on
westermost the wette ost
the pond supports a large duck way
to approach the pond without
covering an area of about 500 by 200
represents a seasonal
camp
used for hunting and
34
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Daba Deba dabatage debatage
provo gray 7 6
1 2
123 agate
gray sevier
20 66 40
projectile point fragment knives 1 type B 1 fragment
quartzite chert jasper
1pecked specked 1 peeked pecked 1 metate 1metatel
stone ball trough type
open end
CULTURAL
affiliation
42ut 42ut285
this site is
SW
of
seco sec 22 t10s see elw rlw campsite alos tlos r1w
on the south side
dune overlooking 42ut286o 42ut286
in the creek where
sa s4
of
na N n1
fremont
it
nils site is almost bils blis this
swings toward the pondo pond
the dunes just northeast of the piteo siteo site
of about
200 square
of upper current creek
it is
on
the
due south of the bend
the power lines across spread out over an area
feeto feato
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
provo gray 1
84 agate 4 quartzite 12 3
1
jasper chert
obsidian
affiliation fremont NW NW sec see TIOS 42ut286 na elw house SeCoT rlw of nta of cluster lOS nt4 secotlos n4 ios small snall dunes and flat area south of snail this site is located in the sm CULTURAL
creeko the bend leading to the pond on upper current creedo creek
recently leveled
and
structural clay
located next to another
flat
and could be subsurface
irrigated
was
this site is
ceo evidenceo evidences in eviden evidence
area similar to the one next to 42u1273 42ut273 the creek bottom in this area
covered with lush growths of reed and cat catta ilso liso lise cattailso tails talis
cross the creek on foot as the quick sando sand
the area was
mud
is
it
is
is
very hard to
several feet deep and
much
like
35
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
provo 1 17 I
gray gray salt lake gray sevier
16 agate
6 7 1 hammerstone
1
25 9 64
metate fragment
CULTURAL
affiliation
42ut287
this site is
of
N
6
quarte quartz te quartzite chert jasper obsidian
fremont
0
seco sec of see
NW N
on the sand
hill
22 TLOS elw rlw campsite
south west of the pond
there
and dune next to the creedo the creeko east of field creek the is buneo dune the site is at the midpoint of the field in relation to the duneo power lines across cross the northeast corner of the site it covers an eross area about 200 feet in diam etero most of the materials was found in diametero diameters diameter
a small cleared
so blow outs blowoutso surface biow blowouts blowout CULTURAL MATERIAL
1 3
projectile point fragment scraper fragments
tage Dega degavage degatage 50 agate 10 quartzite 41 chert 17 2
CULTURAL
affiliation
jasper obsidian
unknown
SW seco 42u1288 sSW of swe 42ut288 see 15 cios rlw campsite swi of sec clos elw
this site is in the small dune northwest of the junction of current and kimb kimball creeks this site overlooks the junction and were blow a large pond just to the easto found the materials in east outs around the sagebrush buneo the ridge of the duneo dune
the area involved
is
100 by 50
feet along
36
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
8 provo gray 1 type A knife 1 chopper
19 agate
quartzite chert jasper
3
20 9
obsidian
2 CULTURAL
1I
affiliation
NW nan 42u1289 nun 42ut289
this site is
on the
fremont
of
camp see 21 r1w of rlw campsite t10s elw site
NVA NW
highest part of the sand
nimb kimball creekso the junction of current and kimb creeks
hill
northwest of
site is
the
on
the ridge
the most southern point which a fence line passes to divide the finch
property from that of an
unknown
the dune just north of the site
party
an old farm road passes over
the site
is
approximately 100 feet
diam etere etero in diameter CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage dsbatage 3
106 agate 18 quartzite
knife fragments
1 hammerstone hammer stone
chert
700 CULTURAL
affiliation
SWJ 42u1290 swe 42ut290 ste sie of
this site is
unknown SW S
of sec
15
rlw campsite t10s elw
on the southwest extremity
north of the pond and on the
of the sand ridge
east side of upper current creeke creek
an
old meander passes along the south edge of the dune and swings east
it
shows up
oversite this
in the aerial photographs quite well
looks the pond and
site is about
200
is
greeso agrout agroup of juniper treeso 4group under trees situated
diam etero diametero diameters dian diameter feet in dlan
CULTURAL MATERIAL
1
flat
tage Deba debatage
160 agate 29 quartzite
metate
37 5 CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
chert obsidian
the
37
420t291 na 42ut291 w4 n4 of
this site is
of NE
seco 16 cios of clos rlwcampsite
next to highway
6 and
west of goshen Reser voiro reservoiro reservoirs reservoir
duneo there is an abandoned house just east and over the edge of the buneo dune A
on
road to the pond area
is east of the site
three spurs of the sand dune and
mento ment
each area
is
this site is
and houseo housdo house
seems to have been a
single
encamp
about 50 feet in diameifcero diameter
CULTURAL MATERIAL
flat
1
tage Deba debatage 33 agate 24 quatt quaM quamzite quartzite quah quattzite eite zite elte
metate
chert jasper obsidian
9 11 1
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
it 1
NW NWJ sec SE 42ut292 nwe 17 of of SEJ I t10s rlwcampsite sei
that circles this site is in the town torrio the site is west north past the cattle association pens north of towrio e grea sagebrush od and and a little south of the pens in the greas extends greasyood yood that vood ageo the site is drainages across the road to lower current creek the old drainageo drainage drain town
goshen on the central road of
SAWO
only 100 by
50
feeto feato reet feet
cbl
AT MATERIALS CULTURAL CUL MATERIAL
1
projectile point fragment
tage Deba debatage 28 1 3 3 1
CULTURAL
affiliation
42u1293 siw of 42ut292
N
4
agate
quartzite chert jasper
sandstone
unknown
of
seco sec 12 t10s rlw see elw house
cluster
current lower north of creek east of side site this is gosheuo goshen it is next to the first wooden gate on the west side of the on the
main
38
road
one passes over the denver and
after
trackso tracks
there is
plou piou a pi vou piau
grande western railroad rio
hoost most through throughmost of the hmost through throug7 7
site
used to resurface roads at the turn of the centuryo century
dirt site is
as the
was
the
seen
as a luxuriant growth of sagebrush and extends on both sides of the boado roado road read
it is
square about 200 by 200 feet squareo squardo
ille
CULTURAL MATER MATERIAL IALo
tage Deba debatage 35 agate 9 quartzite 12 chert
provo prove gray 12 3 7
gray salt lake gray sevier
1 projectile 1 bone knife
point fragment
1
affiliation
CULTURAL
42ut294 tb
this site is
on
3
obsidian
jasper
fremont
of
SE abt sbt
sec see of seco
3
elw rlw campsite t10s r1w
the white farm on the bendo bend
the area involved
is
west approach white east south fence eastwest the of line first west appears main boado to have 300 roado about the of there feet is
located along the boado roado road
it
been a very old drainage north of the
site but the evidence
is
sparmeo sparseo
the number of sites in this area might not mean that there was a drainage as the pioneers record
that current creek used to flood plain irrigate
the entire areco are&o area brea CMTURAL MATERIAL CUUTBUL
tage Deba debatage 1 agate
provo parvo prove 7 plavo gray
gray salt lake 18 sevier gray 2 hammer stones hammerstones 4 mano 1I loe shaped loaf loa
1 quartzite 3 chert 5 jasper 1 pumice
3
47
CULTURAL
affiliation
42u1295 42ut295
site this tte ite is
j4 ja on
of
fremont SE
of seco
3
rlw campsite t10s elw
and and farm house the mite barnso surrounds baraso the wite hite bite eite
the whole group of structures
is
on a low group
doneso of duneso dunes
the white
so family remember plowing up concentrations of stone mixed with artifactso artifacts artifact
j9 w ja
they think they
structures but there are
may have been
this site is very large extending
left
tocayo todayo today
or more feet in every direction
not one shadd shedd of pottery has been found by the owners shard
from the housego houseso houses who
300
none
have potted the
mrso mrs white garden the of arso hhite
years for site
is lined
meta metateso teso with manos and me metates tates metakes CULT AL CULTURAL MATERIAL
5 2
tage Deba debatage 89 agate
knives 1 type D 4 fragments
20
14 chert
scrapers
scicli an 3 sicli obsidian 3ob bob
1 type A 1 type E 10 manos 5 fiats discoidal 1 loaf shaped
9hammerstones 9 hammer hamner stones hammerstones
tates 2 shallow trough
4 me metates 4metates metakes
fiat flat
fragments 2 fragments fiat flat 2flat aflat
4 fragments
affiliation 42ut296 SB asl ssl of ATION atlon
CULTURAL AFF
this site is
on
quartzite
4 sinkers 4sinkers unknown NE nee NEJ
see of sec
2
t10s elw rlw campsite
dune the east side of lower current creek on the dime
between the main north road and the creedo creeko creek
it is
next to the
roado north of the junction of the north road with the bend boado road
about 50
first
turn
the site
is
etero diametero diameters dian dlan diameter feet in diam
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 9 agate
provo 7 PTOVO gray 1
gray sevier
CULTURAL
12 8 10
affiliation
42ut 297
NW n144
of
NE
fremont seco sec of see
ZLOS 2 TLOS
quartzite chert jasper
elw rlw house cluster
current lower between 42ut296 creek the north just of this site is storage and a hay area drainage and the north boado roado south of just road it is a group
is
citee of trees is across the creek from the sitee site
etero about 75 feet in diam diametero diameters diameter
the area involved
43 40
CULTURAL MATERIALS MATERIAL
tages Deba debatages tage debatage
provo gray 3 provo grey gray 1 on black elack
42 agate 20 8 8 5
gray salt lake gray sevier
2 5 2
projectile point fragments fremont affiliations affiliation NW NW seco sec see 42ut298 na of of 114 n4
quartzite chert jasper obsidian
CULTURAL
this size site is roade road
it is
is
between the lower current creek drainage and north
42ut29flo north of sate site 42ut296
there
is
and another hay storage area
east of the site
rlwcampsite
2 TLOS
a small jog
roado there east of the boado
a ditch through the western side of the sidoo sitoo site
in that material
was found over an
terl
prove grays 6 provo gray pplain aln ain
this site is diffuse
area of about 100 by
CULTURES MATERIAL CULTURE TERI
in the road
50
feato feeto feet
tages Deba debatages tage debatage 30 agate
var
gray plain varo 1 sevier grays var 1 type 1I pro prooctile octile 1 hammerstone hamerstone
prpctile
fremont affiliations affiliation nes NW N NE seco 42u1299 42ut299 of 4 of sec 2 t10s
11 10
quartzite
house
cluster
chert
CULTU CULTURAL AL
and
this site is roado north boado road the
on
the dune between the lower current creek drainage
dune gives out
makes a jog to the weste west
of the site where
a
KLW
just north of the site
and the road
ditchh cut through the western side there is a dit
piece of charred corn pie
was recovered two
feet
the surf acee aoe ace CULTURAL MATERIAL MATERIALS
provo gray 14 2 3
gray sevier
broje proje pointis projectile points tile tlle pointss
type F type H fragment 1 flat metate fragment 1 1 1
CULTURAL
fremont affiliations affiliation
tages Deba debatages tage debatage
83 agate 26 quartzite
14 chert 1
obsidian
1 hammerstone 1 stone
disk
below
41
42ut 42ut300
site is
s this roade road
of
NE
sa s4 SW
ts
see 35 t9s of sec
house cluster
KLW
between the lower current creek drainage and north
to the east across the road
is
trees
a grove of
and north
is
an old
there is a ditch through the western side of the site covers an area of about 100 by 100 feeto feato across the road is 42ut338o 42ut338
abandoned house
it
CULTURAL MATERIAL HATERIALs
tages Deba debatages tage debatage
provo gray 53
12 agate 11 quartzite
gray salt lake gray sevier 1 temperless 1 knife fragment 1 type A drill 9 7
affiliation
CULTURAL
42ut 42ut301
1 SE sek sei
this site is
2
chert 16 jasper 6
2
fremont
seco of of 114 irw NW
about 500
flat
mano
fragments
qs
HOS elw rlw house 35 nos
cluster
and abandoned house south old the of feet
between the lower current creek drainage and the north roade road
just north of in a line
cattle
a
peno pen
the material
it
is also
three concentrations
came from
westo from the southeast comer corner of the pen towards the northweste northwesto north northwest
they are in
30
foot diameter clusters
CULTURAL MATERIALS MATERIAL
meba Deba debatage tebatage neba teba tage
provo gray 50 3 7 2
18 agate 13 quartzite 26 chert
gray salt lake gray sevier
scrapers
5 1
1 type C 1 fragment 1 hammerstone
SW of SWJ 42u1302 swe 42ut
this site is
sa s4 SE
on and around
ts
see 26 19s of sec rlw campsite t9s elw
the hay storage area and corral of the
property west of the salt ponds
just northeast of the citee sitee site afford a lookout ing the wintero kintero winter
jasper
fremont affiliations affiliation
CULTURAL
woodard
obsidian
for
the site
campe camp a hunting campo
is
the north road more or less ends on a low mound of sand and could
migrating birds use these ponds dur-
42
CULTURAL MATERIALS MATERIAL
3
1
projectile points loaf
14 145 110
shaped mano fragment
affiliation 42u 42ut303
SW S
this site is half in
122 agate
1 type C 1 type L 1 type 1I
CULTURAL
42ut302
tage Deba debatage
8
quartzite jasper chert obsidian
unknown
of
aq sq SE
ts
26 see rlw campsite of t9s elw
way between
and the northernmost
salt
the site on the woodard corral the
pond
site is
on a
slight rise
two one days or ground and was of very short dura only tiong perhaps duration
he material was found on the
groundy groundo ground of rise
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 23 agate 2
quartzite
chert 14 jasper 48
10
affiliation
CULTURAL
42utg04 42ut3o4
this site is pond
is
the dune
N
4
of
unknown N NW
sec see of seco
x
TP
ts
rlw campsite t9s elw
4
temporary and ponds east the the of of southeast salt low and surrounded by
salt
pans and more dunes dulee dules duies
A
high
vieco view this site is perfect salt ponds from viewo 100 about diameter fowl hunting as it is hidden kemeter ameter in waterfowl lameter for water feet aneter is i it dune to the west hides the
lal
CULTURAL MA MATERIAL IAL
3
1
tage Deba dgbatage debatage
122 agate
projectile point fragments loaf
shaped mano fragment
71
140 50
10
atlon affiliation iffill
CULTURAL AFFILI ATION
SB 42u 42ut305 SE
is
warm
obsidian
unknown
of
aq sq SE
elw campsite sec 12 t10s rlw of seco
goshen gosh en east of this site is
fed by the
quartzite chert jasper
springs overflow
and the
large intermittent pond which
warm springs ditch swings around warn tlle tile wann the
43
the area around the pond is one of
the west side of the pond dunes
the site is about
low sand
feet in diameter
50
CULTURAL MATERIAL
type
1I
C
Deba tage debatage
knife
5 1I
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
nNFA ea of sek SE of sec seb 42ut306 W 42ut3o6
this site
is in genola
42utlo4 northeast of 42utl04
drainage which the 200
33
ts t9s
house
RIW
cluster
northwest of the genola reservoir and
this site is located
dump and
quartzite jasper
reservoir
now
canyon on an old San santiquin tiquin
fill
the site is about
feet in diameter CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage
34 provo gray 33 salt lake gray 15 sevier gray 2
2
23 1I
projectile point fragments
67
type B drill 1I stone square
1I
CULTURAL
affiliation
the material
chopper
fremont
rin house cluster and just north of 42ut292
11 TIOS RIW
goshen town of the is in
came from an
quartzite chert jasper
1I
SE of NF nfik efik of sec 42ut307 selu 42ut3o7
this site
agate
area of about
50
feet in diameter
and to a
depth of one foot below surface CULTURAL MATERIAL
gray provo 3 3provo black on gray 15 salt lake gray 16 sevier gray 5 ivie creek black on white 2 2projectile projectile points 1I type E 1I type 1 I CULTURAL affiliation fremont 74 provo
Deba tage debatage 48 agate
quartzite chert jasper 8jasper ijasper
51 36 8 1I
1
scraper ffragment
ihammers hammers tone
44 NW SE of sec awk 42ut308 nwk 42ut3o8 of sek
10 TIOS RIW
campsite
goshen the of is northeast oshen reservoir in the dunes on this site
the north side of highway
it
creek drainage where
and on the
6
east side of the old current the site is
turned east through the dunes
about 100 feet in diameter and is on the top of a sand dune CULTURAL MATERIAL
type
1I
B
Deba tage debatage 365 agate
drill
scraper fragments
2
72
58 10 1
2 CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
SW NW 42ut309 NA 42ut3o9 of SA of sec
11 TIOS RIW
quartzite chert obsidian ijasper jasper anda 2andasite andesite andasite sice site
house
cluster
a in is field next to an old abandoned house near this site
the junction of the
the lane is the
first
road from highway
6
bend
road with a lane which extends to the west
road west when one is going north on the
the site is about
100 by 50
feet
bend
and has been
plowed and leveled CULTURAL MATERIAL 5
provo gray
2
gray sevier
Deba tage debatage 9 1I
3 CULTURAL
affiliation
fremont
NW NE nwk 42u1310 of neb of sec nek 42ut3lo awk
this site is
1 31 32
agate
quartzite chert
ts
rlw campsite t9s elw
on an a group of dunes west of highway 68 and approx-
imately lk miles north of the elberta project offices to an old gravel and sand
gravel
pit
pit in
the dunes
ible but with
no
50 by 50
associated charcoal
feet
road extends
the site is north of the
on the second eastward spur of the dune
the area involved is about
A
north of the road
three rock clusters are vis-
45
CULTURAL MATERIAL
type
1
A
meba Deba debatage neba tebatage teba tage
projectile point
scrapers
2
quartzite 10 chert 134 jasper 12
type E fragment hammer stones haimnerstones hammerstones 1 1
3
unknown
42ut311 42ut3ll cwi of NW nwi
SE set sei
seco see of sec
this site is north of 42ut310s 42ut3lo the sand hillo hill
the site
is
on
ts
rik
29 t19s t9s
third
campsif6 campsite campsitt
final spur of spur there the northeastern tip of the spuro on the
and
within a cluster of rocks and waste materials iso0 maleria materia
was a campfire
of occupation
obsidian
1
affiliation
CULTURAL
agate
98
etero diametero diameters feet in diam diameter
was about 50
the depth of
fill
the area was
six
inches in the area of the fire CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 58 agate
projectile point fragment
1
2 mano
loaf shaped
CULTURAL
affiliation 42ut312
unknown
na n4 NW
seco of nv4 of 4
this site is just northeast of the material
12
flat discoidal
1 1
1I
chert 1 obsidian
fragments
32
ts
elw rlw campsite t9s r1w
42u1310 and southeast of 42ut311o 42ut310 42ut3ll
group a around clustered of rocks is
the same spur that 42u1310 42ut310
is
ono
it is
on
the north side of
etero diametero diameters diameter feet in diam
about 20
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 2 agate 4 5 32
quartzite chert jasper
affiliation NW seco NWJ sve sec 15 t10s elw 42ut 313 rlw campsite of sie of see 42u goshen upper and east of southeast of reservoir this site is unknown
CULTURAL
current creek and the farm road which swings around the lower edge of buneo the duneo dune
the
site is
on
the dune and
is
about 50
etero diametero diameters diameter feet in diam
46 CULTURAL MATERIAL 1I
type
D
Deba tage debatage
scraper
agate
12 11
quartzite chert jasper
22 78
anda andasite andesite site
5
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
NW SW awk 42ut314 nwk swk of sec of awk
42ut3l3 this site is south of 42ut313
is
on the edge of
it
and
10
campsite
northeast of 42ut290
dhe rhe the
site
sloped towards the road and creek
part of the site has fallen onto the road
below
about
the dune where
15 TIOS RIW
the site is only
feet in diameter and has a fire lens about
6
inches thick
CULTURAL MATERIALS
Deba tage debatage 12 agate 5
4
affiliation SE of qu015 sev 42u1315 sek
unknown
CULTURAL
is
NW nwk awk
of sec
tlos
RIW 15 TIOS alos
campsite
goshen end of the of the southern reservoir is just east
this site and
quartzite chert
cattle
on the same dune with a
pen
is northwest of the the site io
pen and is about 100 feet in diameter CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage 1I
hammers cone tone hammerstone done
2
manos 1I flat discoidal 1I loaf shaped
2
affiliation
unknown
42u1315 of 42ut3l5 north is this site
the site is
100
feet in diameter
15 TIOS
elw rlw campsite
on the dune on
rock clusters are present but there is
site is about
obsidian
3
NW nev NE nwk awk 42u1316 of sec i42ut3l6 nek of
part of the reservoir
quartzite chert jasper
46
metate fragments
CULTURAL
agate
73 17 79
east of the central
the southwest slope and several no evidence of
charcoal
the
47
CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage 38 agate
hammers cone hammerstone tone done 1I loaf shaped mano
1I
1
23 44 24 10
metate fragment
affiliation
CULTURAL
first
ts
elw campsite t9s rlw
32
is in the sand dunes west of highway
42ut310 312 group of the qu010 and on the
obsidian
unknown
NE 42ut317 swe of neb of sec nek
this site
quartzite chert jasper
this site is south
68 and
of the gravel
is part
pit
road
rock clusters are present in
western extending spur
the 100 by 200 foot area where the material was found but no charcoal
the
was found
wind could
easily
blow most of the charcoal away
CULTURAL MATERIAL 1I
Deba tage debatage 59 agate
scraper fragment
5 7
CULTURAL
affiliation
quartzite chert
unknown
SW NE awk of sec neb 4211318 swk of nek
32
ts
t9s RN campsite
spur on west and second 42ut317 of east the 42ut3l7 south is
this site of the dune system
it
is in the saddle of the dune
clusters present but
no
charcoal
the site
there are rock
100 about is feet in dia-
meter CULTURAL MATERIAL 1I
Deba tage debatage
projectile point fragment
2
scraper fragments
1I
shallow trough metate fragment
CULTURAL
affiliation
71 6 13 71
agate
quartzite chert jasper
unknown
42ut319 nwk awk of sek of sec 42ut3l9 nwt
32
ts t9s
RIW
campsite
and spur on west 42ut318 the east third south of is
this site almost centrally located two camp campfires fires
the site
and 200 diameter about in feet is
in rock clusters are present
inches in diameter and four inches deep
the fires are about 20
48
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 42 agate
2 type A scrapers 2 mano fragments fragmentst
flat discoidal
1 1
1
quartzite 14 chert 44 jasper 3
loaf shaped
shallow trough metate fragment
affiliation
CULTURAL
this site is in systemo system dry ridge systems
35
raw r2w campsite HIS tils nis
canyon above kimball creek
site is
the
obsidian
unknown
NE nea of ne4 of sec
NW NA 42u1320 42ut320 4
3
on the west side
its
junction with the
of kimball creek just
south of where the road dips down off of the side of the canyon and
crosses the streamo stream
is
cabin
A
is
the northeast across the creek anceo ance
site is
the
feet
100
above the
by 20
a sm small smail
feet
and to to southwest the site
cliff
with a karst like appear
and follows the creek
it is
very
pers and boulders eroded and overgrown with juniperus juni junipers CULTURAL MATERIAL
2
tage Deba debatage 12 agate
projectile points 1 1
type G fragment
5
18 4
quartzite chert jasper
3 CULTURAL
affiliation
sa
42 42ut321 siw sie s4
ohls ohis this site
is
is
on the
soy sog so the road drops or feet
site is
on botki botel both
26 sec of
k SE sb4
on the road
the road in this area 50
of
unknown
side of the canyon
down
it is
r1w elw rlw campsite
creek just north of 42ut320 in kimball creeks
just
south of the
its
main area
road east the of in is
about 100 by 50 feet in size
CULTURAL MATERIAL
1I
1I
2
projectile point fragment knife fragment scrapers 1 1I
CULTURAL
tage Deba Daba debatage dabatage 20 agate 1 quartzite 17 chert 12 andesite anda andasite site
type B fragment
affiliation
site
into the canyon to cross the creek the
sides of the road but
and juniper the bol boulders alders
tils TLLS
anda andesite andasite site
unknown
49
42ut222 SE 42dt322 abt of sbt
thiss
site is
sec 26 of see
NE
tils
canyon mouth the about of kimball creek in
the site
south of the hancock rancho ranch
is
in
which extends
in diameter
a
is
east west direction
is in juniper
and
miles
two
west of kimball creek but east
of the canyon roade road just south of the site
trail
raw r2w campsite
line
a new fence
and
this site is about
50
fire feet
and boulders
CULTURAL MATERIAL
affiliation
CULTURAL
42ut 42u1323
this site is eineo lineo line
site is
nie dle the die
tage Deba debatage dsbatage 90 agate 7 chert 5 jasper
SB SE
of
unknown
see 26 t11s r2wcampsite of sec
NB NE
south of 42ut322 and on the other side of the fence about 900 feet south of the fence
it is
on the west
side of the creek and a ditch runs through the west side of the site which feeds a water tank at the hancock ranch
the area involved
is
about 100
by 50 feeto feato feet CULTURAL MATERIAL
1 type 3
knife scrapers A
1 type 2
CULTURAL
B
4
affiliation
this site is the
3 5
fragments
42ut324
the road
tage Deba debatage 2 agate
hills
SE abt sbt
of
6 andesite anda andasite site
unknown NB NF
on the west
26 sec see of
quartzite chert jasper
tils
raw r2w campsite
side of the creek and ditch but east of
close in just north of the site to form the steep
kimball creek sided canyon more characteristic of the upper sections of kimb
the site
is
about 100 by 50
feet in area
50
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba Daba debatage dabatage 52 agate
scraper fragment
1
5 9 7
quartzite chert jasper
anda 15 andesite andasite site 1 copalite opalite
affiliation
CULTURAL
42ut 42ut325
SE
this site is
of
crest of
a
26
HIS nis
hill
RZW
house
site
west of kimball creek and
canyonso canyons so b and ridge dry Canyon kimball
spring at the junction which yonso yons bonso
seco see of sec
SB SE
on the
north of the junctions of
unknown
is
there
is
a
aided by spring runoff from both can
the site consists of a single round stone structure 36 feet in the visible
diameter
w sq wails walis wallsaq
consisting of rounded basaltic boulders
averages six feet in widths width most of which
the area
collapse
is
is
probably due to the walos walls valis vails
overgrown with gunipero pero junipero juni juniper
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 90 agate
provo gray 59
gray sevier gray on sevier red
159 7 9
12 quartzite 142 chert 48 jasper 788 andesite anda andasite site 15 basalt
projectile points 1 type D 1 type G 1 type 1I 6
fragments
scrapers
3
1 2 CULTURAL
this site is the site only
trl tri
affiliation
nq aq NB
of
obsidian
stones hammerstones 3 hammer 1 triangular angular mano
type A fragments
26 42ut326 42ut
canyonse ceny canyons Canyonse
2
fremont SE
nis tii
camp raw S seco 21 campsite r2w sec of see HIS site
and ton angle dry ridge junction junet kimball ion lon the of the of in
the road goes up to the side of the canyon at this point and
is
pr
west of the road in the boulders and junip0r junt juni junipr junior
50 by 20
area in feet
and very eroded
the site
is
51
CULTURAL MATERIAL
Deba tage debatage 26 agate
thin discoidal shell bead
1I
7
2 9
affiliation
CULTURAL
unknown
NW NE awk 42ut327 nwk of nev of sec nek
this site is
on the west
35
raw t11s r2w house
cluster
side of kimball creek and about half
the junctions of dry ridge with kimball creek and the
way between
junction of garbett gulch with kimball creek ditcho the detcho ditch
chert jasper anda andesite andasite site
A
the site is east of
gully separates the site from the rest of the mountain
the area involved is
100
feet in diameter in
a
clearing
CULTURAL MATERIAL
11 II
19 4
Deba tage debatage 72 agate
provo gray
gray sevier
projectile points type G 2 type 1 I 1I fragment knives 1I type A 1I type B 1I fragment
CULTURAL
garbett gulch canyons
canyono trudes out into the canyon cantono
35
raw t11s r2w house
cluster
and overlooks the
junction of
kim-
the site is on the west side of the
it
the site is
slopes both into
on a
ridge which pro-
garand kimball creek
junipers juni pers the site is in the heavy sage but is clear of juniperus
gulch bett two
and about 14
diameter
deep trough metate
affiliations affiliation fremont
creek and north side of the junction
there are
1I
fragment
this site is north of 42ut327 ball
scraper fragments
17
SW NE swk 42ut328 awk of sec nek of nev
and
4
31 4
1I
3
1I
quartzite chert jasper anda andasite andesite site copalite opalite
15
stone foundation to structures
feet to a side
there
was one
both of which are square
the whole complex is about
large metate left at the site
75
feet in
52
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
provo gray 72 104 sevier gray 1 sevier surf aee ace manipulated surface 1
6
83 agate 7 20
chert 4 jasper 4 obsidian anda 15 andesite andasite site
kbite kaite ivie creek black on white projectile points type C type E 1 type G 1 type 1I knives 1 type B 1 fragment 2 2
2
CULTURAL
affiliation
SW 42u1329 42ut329 swi
of
quartzite
3
copalite opalite
1
type
A
drill
fremont raw seco TUS sec see 35 HIS r2w campsite of
els eis
NE
garbett and nimb kimb junction kimball creek of the of northeast this site is gulch and on the opposite side of the creek from 42ut328o 42ut328
area of about clown down doun
50 by 50
it
covers an
the road crosses the site before dropping
feato feeto
to cross the creek for the second timeo tineo time CULTURAL MATERIAL
3 3 3
provo gray
1
long
gray sevier
flat affiliation
42ut220 nie
this site is involved
the materials
chert jasper
mano
NW
and
5 8
projectile point fragments
CULTURAL
aurea area
tage Deba debatage 10 agate
rfoj 0
fremont
0
raw seco r2w campsite TUS sec of of net nei NE
on the opposite
42u1327 side of the creek from 42ut327
great and washed a through cuts as has gully the site is down
in the upper
to the creedo creeko creek
one
he zhe the
original site probably
gullyo gully fourth of the gullye
CULTURAL MATERIAL
2
the
tage Deba debatage
10 agate 27 quartzite 12 andesite anda andasite site 10 chert
projectile points 1 type 1I 1 fragment
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
was small
53
2ut3j3l 2ut331 sote sobe te obe j tohe
V T
fhe
1I
sit
campsite
W
kimball creek and
sido of the creek cabiri cabin on the west side beet eet
out 100
a
tilg tils tii acrsc
road swings
3
jards a huntt hunt bards
en we weh
t
35
S
agie agle iglp between the jtirztions igla of kimball jctions actions
iiss iinn tl
gulch arbett rbett
creek an
sec
SW sw14 0
TJRAL MATERI MATER irm Ai ta t1 bizal 1izal nural tudal vital material
i
age ge &ge
debu deb 1
type
dr
C
1
agate
3
I
quartzite chert anda andasite andesite site
i
11 5
jlitl
affy AFFI
util uili nown uni
i
42ut332
his hs site slo sio slo
t
lay laj la
ft
tth
N
11
e
hill
vest side
oog1I
0
feet
li1.1 11 71
1
kn knife if
ge
J
or
cal cai
and
u
J
Car
r
c
rv
on the
a
00 b 200
01
1ht
yon
aht T IIII 11
12
svj1
3
3
a
unk
an n 7n
0
cc ec
SA SW
E
ftf
went vent sest
i
che the
tils
555 TIIS
L jurn jury dhe tile j n tiie tlle the
of the
E
R
hill
clee cler cier
alj clj CL house hou n
of
feet pa
n
the
si2 sia bev ber
1
A
e
fill
is at least
cs as sif sll sil sic ir k
er
lit
cc i
tqe sgcthwest the southwest of tae socthwest
in cut on the west the site its wet side
lat yec 100 00 tec
quartzite chert jasper
J
ilixljn
42jj 42u s
uge ige
ad7 da
Ui TURAL CULTURAL
1I
feet
by 50
1j aj 1
1I
ate
ooi ool oveci overlooks the overl overcool overlool
of southwest the slue is lue site ite
an araraa of about 100
and cover in
ern
ek on the so
tn til tii
bated laced lated abed ated aced
nyons junccire dyons junc bunc lre ire
JC
campsite
t11s
kimball
cabin is
c
w- c
where tl thb-
cnxuilal
5
wesc west west
i
h
of sec
SW awk swk
aings jings
by tie tle
ditch
on one boot foot 1
thick
attie attle ittle
dog
54
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 79 agate 29 quartzite 26 chert
16 provo gray 13 sevier gray
1 unknown sherd 5 projectile points
4 type
jasper anda andesite andasite site
2
25
A
fragment 4 scraper fragments 1
CULTURAL
affiliation
42u1334
sei of SE SEJ
fremont 1 swa swib swi1 sw4
ts
seco elw campsite see 25 t9s rlw of sec
this site is east of the northernmost salt doneso duneso
is
there
is
a
large salt pan between the site
two dunes and the junction of in
is
on the
but well into the
ponds pond
pondso and the pondzo ponds
slopoo southeastern slopok slope siope
the site
it
is
also on the eastern tip of the dune which flanks the southern side of the
salt
pano pan CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage aie 8 ag agate 1I 17
5 50
quartzite chert jasper
CULTURAL
42ut
affiliation
sa s4 SE
this site is pan this the salt pano merango boomerango boomerangs boomerang boo
of
500
SW S
feet
4 obsidian unknown
ts
elw campsite sec 25 t9s rlw see of seco
west of 42ut335 on the same dune which borders
dune curves back around to the south and
the area involved
is
about 75 by 50 feato feeto
the site would
camp a good hunting campo
igl lal
CULTURAL MA MATERIAL IAL
tage Deba debatage nbatage 722 agate 16 30 1
CULTURAL
affiliation
unknown
east like a
quartzite chert jasper
make
55
42ut 42ut336 NW nv4 of
sec see of seco
SW S
elw rlw house
2 TIOS
cluster
42utlo2 near the bend in the roaul this site is just north of 42u1102 roacl road the site is in the field south of the road and was discovered when an irriga-
tion trench
was cuto cut
is north of
house
the area involved
is
100 by 100 feeto feato feet
an abandoned
the site and across the road
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
provo gray gray 1 provo elack on black 13 sevier gray 8
3
quartzite
gray on red sevier redon 3 salt lake gray 1 type A pottery gaming piece 1
CULTURAL
fremont affiliations affiliation
sq
sq
aq aq sbj seco saj SB r1w 42u133 campsite elw of rlw of 15 t10s alos tlos 42ut23z this site is feet to the southeast
on the north
is
500
creeko side of upper current creedo creek
42u1282 and 42ut282
west
the site
is first
marker
G U
11 gullo lio llo
the area involved
is
about 1000 feet to the south-
under the crest of the dune and next to
is
42ut280
USBR
about 50 by 75 feeto feato feet
CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 25 agate 2 quartzite 27
4 provo gray
1 salt lake gray 1 corn cob fragment 1 type B knife 1I mano fragment CULTURAL
affiliation NW 42u1338 naa 42ut na4 of
this site is
on
14 chert
frema Frera frena ont fremont
aq sq SB
seco see of sec
ts
5 79s elw rlw t9s r1w
village
the east side of lower current creek and northeast
the east side of the north road where a irrisite is struc gation ditth ditch has just been euto cut the trench cut through several strue
42uooe of 42u4300
the
on
tures and there were materials recovered from
ais als lais iiss about 1
were
in evidence as 450 long and
much
at least
as two 50
feet
150
yards of trench
eo below surfaceo surfaced surface surfac
dideo wide feet wideo
mater
the area involved
56 CULTURAL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage
8 provo gray 87 6
10 3
11
provo surf aee manipulated ace surface
8 9
gray sevier ivie creek black on white mite wite
agate
quartzite chert
3 unknown
1 1 1
type projectile point type D chafted hafted knife
shaft smoother
CULTURAL
affiliation
fremont
nwe of sec seco 42jb73 source area 42jb3 nell of wf see 1 HIS elw rlw nis
this clis site is located juab county
it is
road goes around the
east side of upper current creek in
dam and
irrigation
dirt past the edge of the site the site is on top the road cutso of the knoll is the the cuts citso
south of the bridge and
the third spur through which
site
on the
danso dams dans
and on both sides of the canyons are agate nodules
range up to several pounds in weighto leighto weight
A
large yellow
A
some
brown
jasper
roado boulder was also found on the west side of the boado road CULTURAL MAT AL MATERIAL
tage Deba debatage 58 agate 0
3
projectile points 1 type C 1 type E 1 fragment
CULTURAL
affiliation
19
jasper chert
9 paw too p&w wy mool look MV FP M foo
unknown
of which
57
CHAPTER FIVE
excavation ohis ohls this site
protected the
for
many pearso yearso years
and
after their property
WOODARD MOUNDS mounir
from pot hunters and
it
but otherwise
mound
collected
is in and
and west
jay woodard
good shape 0
tested the
cultivation
tip
farm fann fant roads were cut through the northern
hugh jones surface
carl
42utl02 42utlo2
goshen who have woodard family the of
was named
mound on
ern side of the
OF SITE
mound
iggi 1961 in 19610
gray they reported a large number of kno2lsgray knolls sherdso shards sherds
the 1
is
mound
I
the bend road bendroado
it
1 1 2
goshen town out on northwest of the of miles
is located in the
SW S
of
SW swe
sec 2 see of seco
TLOS t1os9
raw r1w rlw9
quadrangleo quadrangle santaquin taquin 15 minute quadrangles of the San
prior to excavation the
mound was
covered with a high growth of
ragweed which hid
all
of the surface features and
most impossibleo impossibles impossible
the
mound
is
made
exploration al-
about 100 feet long and 50
feet
wideg hideg wide 9
the
about five feet is it to exca ecca the desire surface at its highest pointo point cointo
lono iono south direct axis being oriented in a north directiono directioho directions northsouth above the surrounding
vate this site grew out of
its
ono preservations preservation excellent state of preservationo preservati
stratigraphic section of the site first revealed a layer a and to depth depths depth below thisq of of late trash and dung of variable deptho this thise normal nomal
about
1 1 2
feet is
a sandy
artifacts this soil A
second
soil with
showed
little
a comparatively high percentage of
laiq nater charcoal or decayed organic mater materialo materiale laio ialo material
layer averaging 14 inches in depth
mehroo ochre achre charcoals and red oehroo
was
filled
the line between these layers
with refuse was somewhat somevhat hazy
58
in most areas
that
at
0
there
to
2
reet feet
3
was no
indication of cultural remains below the sando sand
laid out with a control site was later decided that measurements
before excavation was begun the
grid of
two meter squar squareso squares eso squarest
were to be made
it
since
in inches the squares
was
were converted to
with six inch balks for stratigraphic con controlo controls trolo troio control by placing a large spike in a log once age arcao areao area
layer of sterile sand
was a
to a depth of five feet in one place in the back hoe
was probed
trenche trench
a depth of
1 2
part of
A
six foot size
datum was
established
an old barn and hay
all
the spike was six inches above surface and
stor-
measurements
of vertical displacement were measured from this point with the use of leveis line levels level so levei
the
initial test pit fl
L
autum dutum as surface
ure are of feature feat
some
was
placed eighteen inches east of the
collections indicated a concentration and associated charcoal was encountered at
kind
to be part of a very thin roof of cantered ed cunter sand was enc encountered cuntered
some kindo kind
was ex excavated avated and abated
revealed
umes donly fonly tonly toniy six ann lnn kles inches cles deep but
irregularo irregulars irregular
a ud
20 see figure 2ao 2o
some
two cache cachepits pits
pa southwestern peddled nilled the se billed uthwestern side of the were biso foond also boond aiso
at three feet sterile
A
an area of
soil
nature in the southern endo end
in
ow a sh shallow
pit like pitlike
area
six inches wide
shallow trench
post areao arcao holes three area pit like pitlike
the excavated area had the appearance of
reo arr Arc krc another ther
test the A le sie 1
test pit to the south 2 was sunk to the same depth to was area use area encountered in the the off the pit like pitlike
and confirmed form and highly irregular th east in nrth arth
neif heii neii
was a use simeao sireao alrea
goldso moldso molds
inches that seemed
square squardo in the northern part of the squareo
color indicated an ancient disturbance of
this
22
another cache
pit
my
was encountered and
opinion that
three
more
post
two two square 3 with irregular ended use area the the into feet atea rea tea
southo protrusions to the east and boutho south
it
59
arrangements were made to have the byul boyouo byu9
to the site during thanksgiving vacationse se vacations vacation
the south
3
and eleven
1I
field class
1966
third test pit
was dug to
post holes were encountered that indicated a
structure very possibly a surface earthlodge earthlodge of deviant type edo uncover uncoveredo uncovered
another
out
go
test pit
was
being
4 was expanded to the westq west and six more westa
post holes were found which tended to support the original hypothesiso hypothesist hypothesis totaig eight feet of a north wall and six feet of a west wall of a in fcotaly
structure were uneoveredo uncovered
pit
was
in the west side of square four a large cache during the excavation of squares three and four
uncove huncove redo also uncovered
bryant and shurman shuman jones stopped by to test soil dampness for excavating
local resident backhon offered the use of their bac backhoe khoe for the afternoon a
ch dill ditch
just
for
so residentso residents
one of the
to the south for 32 feato feeto reet feet
a
pit
they dug
one extended to the west 2712
west of square four
cache
damps damp was too ground the
feet
two
so
they
trenches
and the
other
a was western large encountered the trench in
this cache pit
couro square west fouro four feet of four
was covered with
crib of logs placed six inches below the lip of the pito all of the
logs were ch charredo charred arredo
ection
and above
the bottom three were aligned in a north south dir-
two were aligned with a these
this effectively sealed the pit whim contained recognizableo recognizable recagnizable zable zabie but nothing recagni the southern trench contained
degree angico angle angie dizeo sizeo size
A
sixteen feet south
feature
it
dideo trench trenah trenel 111 feet deep and 1i feet wideo was a
much decayed
so featureso features
two
L 11
east west orientations eastwest orientationo orient ationo
the
materials
first
ow a sh shallow
cut across the trench at a
30
large pit structure of undetermined
at structure placed the the the trench within lip of test ppit it
earthed a large
post pot poit hole one
foot in
21 22 and diameter
feet
ceepo deepo deep
it
un
looked
very similar to the king posts found in middle missouri earth lodges of
11
60 do
thomas riggs
derivation this does not preclude any relationshipo relationships hipo the relationship relations
trenches were cleaned up and profiled while the features were being excava cavated ted THE STRUCTURE
only the northwestern corner of one structure was excavated at the piteo siteo site
this
FEATURE
rectangular without clearcut walls
one was
figure
11
3
shipe appears to SHAPEs SHAPE
be rectangular
excavated portion of north wall
dimensions
west wall
feato feeto feet
6
surface sand
foundation
feet
8
lly liy ily leveled artificially veledo le artificia
packed and leveled sando sand
FLOOR
appears to be a line of posts
ROOF SUPPORTS
down
the
center line of the structuroo structure ENTRANCE
unknown
tren trenchh FIREPIT FLOOR
but possibly the shallow trench in
is
B
none found
a tunnel entrance to the
tono lono iono xoavated sect sectiono sections in excavated seation
none found
PITS
associations
two
structure
iono sectiono sections in excavated sect
large cache pits to the west and one
shallow trench that might be part of a
COMMENTS
it
tonnelo ventilator shaft or entrance tunnelo appears that this structure was collapsing
and the walls reinforced
torn
down due
sando of the sande sand
in
and out and
finally
probably to the unstable nature
61
A
or lxcavalion limie
POST HOLES CACHE
PITS
figure 3 feature 11 woodard mound appears type be lodge earthlodge of to the surface earth structure this found
at nephi willard
in that
it
and beaver
this structure differs
is rectangular rather than oval
and
as
however
incorporates what appears
to be features of jacal structures in that the side walls are set into
the ground instead of just leaner posts USE AREA
there fined
by a
this area
was only one use
area excavated at the site
highly irregular shallow was only
pit
and
it
is
de-
associated cache pits
eight feet from the house but not next to any vis-
ible entrance FEATURE 3 SHAPE
figure
4
irregular shallow pit
dimensions
5 by 5
deep
feet in the excavated area six inches
62
PIT
aeed aced native sando unf unfaced sand inf
WALLS
irregular
FLOOR ROOF
possible r vftinada mada arrangement evidence of burringo ingo burningo burning burn none found
FIREPIT FLOOR
compacted sand
in excavated area
pits in the northeast
pits just outside the southwest side trench just
two cache
PITS
two cache
outside the northwest side
associations COMMENTS
none
none
POST HOLES
CACHE
v
PITS
SHALLOW PITS OF TTSR ARRA AREA TTSRARRA USE USEAREA
A
0
figure 4
feature
1177
6
woodard mound
2
fet
63
feature feature
8
s
ye 4 ure at feature
feature
feature
1
figure
5
cache
pits of the
woodard mound
2
j9 ja
64
CACHE CACHEPITS PITS A
total of
5
pits
which presumably had been used
poses were excavated at the woodard mount figure 5ao 50 5o
but next or part of the use area
away from houses
gli to appear these of features all
to the house
for storage purthree of them were
two
of them were next
have been contemporaneous
on appeared the edge of the sterile sando lips all sand same the of the pits into class straight sided cache all ali ail fail fall ffali pits with rounded bottoms they all had either a very short neck or else no neck at all and a diminishing body which reached its smallest diameter
as
0
at the bottomo bottom bottolo depths ranged
from
six inches to three feet
the pits ranged from
diameters from two and one half feet to six inches
circular through oval to irregular in outline
est pit is
sm smallest
a post hole of
irregular
shape
has already been described which had a covering
maximum
possible the that is it one unusual cache pit logs of logso locso
CULTURAL MATERIAL
SURFACE
provo gray 19 gray 2 provo blaek on black
tage Deba debatage nbatage
81 agate
gray sevier gray uinta 4 salt lake gray 1 type 1I projectile point
10 1
1 1
20 29 1 1
glass bead
loaf shaped
SQUARE 19 1 LEVEL
1
mano
1
provo gray 49 provo 1 surface manipulated
gray sevier M pulated palated sevier surface manipulated gray on sevier red 11 salt lake gray 6 uinta gray 30 ivie creek black on white waite wiite 3 temperless
drill
obsidian
shaft smoother
tage Deba debatage 111 agate
21 2 1
7 misc disc nails nalis nalls 1 type B
quartzite chert jasper
cartridges cartridgesv leather
28 28 8 8 5
quartzite chert jasper obsidian
projectile point
fragments 1 knife fragment 1
tubular bone bead
65
SQUARE 19 1 LEVEL 2
89 provo gray 2 provo provo 3 2 provo
surface manipulated
gray on red redon black on gray 35 sevier gray 3 sevier gray surface manipulated 3 sevier red on gray 30 salt lake gray 3 knolls gray 6 uinta gray 5 ivie creek blackbon black blaek on white blackon 4 temperless 1 unknown sherd 1 type A drill scrappers 3 sc rappers 1 type A 2 fragments
tage Deba debatage 228 agate 39 65 9
quartzite
45
projectile points 10 type
bone awls round 4 bone flamers flakers 1 1 1
type type
pottery pipe fragment figurine ffragment
type
1
type type A
ggaming ng
A B
pottery piece
AREA USE USEAREA
gray sevier gray on sevier red gray salt lake 1 knife fragment 1 figurine fragment 2 1 3
SQUARE 29 2 LEVEL
tage Deba debatage 1I agate 17 1 9
quartzite chert
1
44 provo gray
provo black gray on blaek elack provo surface manipulated
gray sevier gray on sevier red gray salt lake 1 salt lake surface manipulated 4 knolls gray 3 knives 2 type B 1 fragment 1 type C bone gaming piece 1 type A pottery gaming piece ragment 1 figurine f fragment
18 1 10
bone gaming piecesj pieces 2 1
washer11 washer bone bead
provo gray 12
2 2
3
A B
11
SQUARE as 1 1s
A B
type type C 1 type D 2 type E 1 type K 4 knives 2 type A 2 fragments 2 shaft smoothers 1 flat metate fragment frament 2 2
2
2 2
chert obsidian
tage Deba debatage
15 agate 5 9
quartzite
6
projectile points
chert
type A 1 type C 1 type 1I 2 fragments 1 type A flaker 2
1 1
shell bead slate figurine washer
66
SQUARE 29 2 LEVEL 2
48 provo gray
gray sevier gray 17 salt lake 1 knolls gray 1 uinta gray 2 ivie creek black on white 3 temperless 1 type E scraper 2 hammerstones hammer hanmer stones 9
1 sh shaft aft smoother 1 bone punch 1 figurine head 1 type B pottery gaming gaining
tage Deba debatage 23 agate
quartzite chert
10 12
projectile points
5
type A 2 type C 3 fragments knives 1 type A 2 type B 1
3
piece
black on white SQUARE 2 AREA USEAREA 299 USE-
provo prove gray 13 1
4 4 1 1 2
gray sevier gray salt lake white on white black creek ivie stone percussion flaker head bone harpoon heads ragments figurine ffragments
SQUARE 3 9 LEVEL
2 27 2 6
1
provo gray provo black on gray
gray sevier 14 salt lake gray 1 uinta gray 3 temperless 1 type A drill
tage Deba debatage none
type type type
1 1 1
1 provo surface manipulated 10 sevier gray 1 sevier surface manipulated 5 salt lake gray 4 knife fragments
drills
type B type C 1 rocker type mano 1 1
drill
pottery
gaming
tage Daba Deba debatage dabatage
12 agate 13 quartzite 1
chert
3
projectile points type G 1 fragment 2
LEVEL 2
46 provo gray
2
A A
projectile point
piece y black on wite mite
1 hammerstone 1I round awl
SQUARE as 3 3s
G
tage Deba Daba debatage dabatage
agate
3 1
quartzite
6
projectile points 2
1 1 1 1
type A type B type C type E fragment
6 67
SQUARE 49 4 LEVEL
1
69 provo gray 28 sevier gray 5 sevier surface manipulated 1 sevier red on gray 5 salt lake gray 1 ivie creek brack erack on white black elack 1 knife fragment 1 washer bone bead
4
pottery
gaming
3 type 1 type
4 type
B
1
C
mano shaped loaf 2 round awls 1 figurine fragment LEVEL 1
26 provo gray
13
4
provo black ongray ingray
gray sevier gray on sevier black gray salt lake gray uinta temperless
projectile points
nat flat fiat hat
type type type
A C G
tage Deba debatage 16 agate 1
quartzite chert
3
projectile points
4
type C type 1I fragment 1 washee washed bone bead 1 1 1
on white black creek mite ivie wite awl
intrusive buttons
8 FEATURE 85 3
chert 1 1 1
1 1 1 unknown 3 1 2
C
tage Deba debatage 28 agate 10 quartzite
clay object
SQUARE as 5 5s
A
type D 1 type 1I 2 type J 4 fragments misco nisco mise metal and leather
3
1
4
1 type 1 type
pieces
gray salt lake 1 knolls gray 1 type B drill
2
projectile points
11
C
4
17
1
2
provo gray 40 prove 7 sevier gray
2
quartzite chert jasper
pieces
SQUARE 49 4 LEVEL 2
1
agate
7 2 2
A
5 bone gaming
type
tage Deba debatage
pitt PIT
CACHE CACHEPITS PITS CACHEPIT
projectile points 1 type 2
C
fragments
tage Deba debatage none 1
tubular bone bead
68
BACK HOE TRENCH BACKHOE
3
projectile points 1 1 1
type A type C fragment
1 shaft smoother 4 manos 2
faceted flat discoidal tubular bone bead figurine fragments 1 1
1 2
1 1I
loaf shaped
flat type
awl B
bone gaming piece
tage Deba debatage none 3
2
knives 1 type C 1 fragment
scrapers 1 type
E
fragment 1 deep trough metate fragment 1
0
1I
0 Z
c
E
0
j
6 va v1
0
square 1I
s
s
1
x
x
a
j 0
s
t s
c
i
T
L
g
t& D
S
c
c
cc
P
t
tf 07
S
9
w69 69
S
S
j
x
x
x
i
a
j
8
1
x
x
level 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
square 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 11 II
square 11 II
1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 1I
1I
square 11 II
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 11 II
x
1I
square 111 III lii lil
x
square 111 III ill
x
square IV
x
x
x
x
x
level 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 11 II
x
x
x
level 1I square IV
x
x
x
level 11 II square
V
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 1I x
present
sk absent
comparative
DATA ON POTTERY TYPES TIPES OF THE WOODARD MOUND
aa figure 6a
x
x
70 V
c LV
0 2
s z t
t S
0
ft
S
S10
0
L
v
Q
t
a
5
Z
uj
a
5
i
square 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
square 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
2
t
s
S
t1I
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
Q
s
1
z
level 1I
level 11 II i
square 11 II
x
U1
x
x
x
level 1I
x
1I
square 11 II
x
x
x
x
x
square 111 III lii lil
x
x
x
x
x
square 111 III lii
x
x
x
square IV
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 11 II level 1I
x
x
level 11 II
x
x
x
level 1I square IV
x
level 11 II square
level 1I
V
x
x
x
x
I1
ceramicsclustered ceramicclustered
CERAMICS CLUSTERED SAME DATA WITH CERAMIC
6b figure ab
x
x
71
tt 3
5
s 9
1
1I 2
.6 6
S
J
T CL
i
i
square 1I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
square 11 II
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
a
00
tf
0
sf
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
f 0
v
JG
5
J
S
x x
1I
x
x
x
x
x
square 11 II
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
square
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
level 1I
x
x
x
r square 111 III lii lil
x
x
x
x
x
x
1I
1
N
square 1I
2
0 9 1
S 0
level 11 II level 1I
s C
6 u
V
i
b
x
x
x
x
level 1I
1
level 11 II
level
V
c
x
x
1I
square lii 111 III lil
c level
x
1I
square IV x
x
x
0
T
1Isquare
x
x
level 11 II
S L
level
IV 11 II
x
SQUARED CLUSTERED SAME DATA WITH SQUARES
indicates there is only one major group of pottery present with four major groups of traipse also traitse traits it indicates a difference between the groups of pottery used at the use area versus that used at the house appear would use the the concentration in that it area indicates that most of the living did go on in
this area
figure
ac 6c
INTRUSIVE
13
SANDY
FIL L FILL
NORTH WALL SQUARE SOIJARE
i
as 2s 1
FI L L
el r
100 too loo
centimeters
fr
x
D
0
i
0 ROOF
r
ts
2&w ZW
FILL WITH FIRED CLAY
t feet fee
a
r
WHITE CLAY
FILL
3 FILL WITH 1 I0
MUCH
CHARCOAL
I 0
0 1
JSAND SAND sano isano
ot EAST hast WALL TRENCH 0
aroARC
AL
IILL
IA
OIL oll
D D
a E
TE
olay CLAY
SA
J
7 7h ah
an
analysis of the
by lumping the top
two
42utlo2 arbitrary levels of 42u1102
level of square 1I through
was accomplished
with irith nith rith the surface collection
V i
this with the lower levels of squares 1I through IV along were with shards from squares 1I and 11 original the vith the use area sherds levels II arbitrary but did divide the normal stratigraphic section in half and comparing
UPPER COMPONENT
provo gray 245
gray sevier gray salt lake gray uinta ivie creek black blaek on white 8 temperless TL gray 4 kno s knolls lls lis
112 49 11 34
LOWER COMPONENT
provo gray 256
52.5751 525751 24.0343 240343 6150 10.6150 106150 lo 2.36051 236051 2.3605 23605 20605 7.29611 729611 7.2961 72961 22961
gray sevier gray salt lake 7 uinta gray 11 ivie creek labite hiack on white alack 7 temperless gray s 5 knojis kno31 knoris 1 Unk unknown unknoni noni 722 63
1171674 71674 1.7167 17167 .8584 8584 117 40 6.6437 4 6437
3 unknown
72 2
99 999 999998 99999
T46
60.6635 606635 gig 0 17 616 14.9289 149289 1.6588 16588
logic l06lc 26588
1.6588 16588 18481 111848 1.1848
237k .2370 2370 2070
99 9999871 99871 99.9987 999987
type type to equivabout proportion the of variations is ath alent and both groups follow the same frequency pattern to such an extent fath aith
that
it
minor ninor i
could be safely said that both layers should be considered a
and the unity tical
mound a
single occupation site of either static material
eth with ith culture or short duration vd
equality in
number
further analysis aagainst adnst adest
statis-
a
rapid accumulation of material
shards tends to support the of sherds
showed up something
curious
A
a up quite or structure house turned the
latter
the
thesis
po prothesis pothesis hhypothesis
but
treatment of the use area
different result
the
1 squares zith the associated features was as rith area use defined I and 11 II tith ube
as determined brith with irith the
ith
cluster diagram
to as associated with squares 111 III lii lil
V
figure ac 5c
3
the house feature 11
75 N COMPON AREA componlir did USE USEAREA COMPONE lid LIr
provo gray 267 97 76 15 41 11 8 3
HOUSE COMPONENT
provo gray 213
51.5444 515444 18.7259 187259 14.6718 146718 2.8957 28957 7.9151 79151
gray sevier gray salt lake gray uinta ivie creek black on white temperless gray knolls
vc
41 4 1.5441 15441 15 J .57921 57921 .5792 5792
99.999 99999
518
950 5 .5
V7 1107y 1
1.1976 1.1076 11976 11076 299470 .29947 29947 .2994 2994
unknown
9 99 996 99.9996 999996
334 184
sherds shards
more
pottery associated wlch wit
cype range type much a and had of frequency house than the broader
ciated with
it
be seemed ile lle house to fie fle rie tie
strictly utilitarian
areu contained only 87.8378 878378 while the use area
96.9939 969939
an
1
1
2159 the use area had 21.59
it
gray sevier gray salt lake 2 uinta gray 4 ivie creek blace blacl on white blaci 4 temperless 1I knolls gray
77 32
2.1235 21235 2.123 2123
unknown
637720 63772. 63772 63772o 23051 2300 23.051 23051 9580m 950 9.50
types
rprrn term
lie lle vie the
utilitay util itai utilitai
painted varieties
provo of
ivie creek black
n
storage marke marks
z
la ii
sevier evier salt lake evler
ilitar
ul utilitarialitar 1
surface manipulated and and
grays uinta
the
any or cocking show of never evidence white bcils bails bos
te
toe temperless
and
decoration
it
known use beyond
inere here means the
ceramic amic cr cramic
in
of the
asso-
cor gray are too fragile for any knolls
is for this reason that
knoils knolls knoll
gray is
te
tle salt laf- e type for this analysis separated from r m tie
the
two
indicjits ind components icAt that the together ses taken naly of analyses indican nalyses indicat
through by use but vertically stable laterally differentiated site is surveys and on a of surface had bearing the interpretation time this parnsons appear only would diat sons between comparisons chronological cc lat pari parl riat sites it parisons complete excavation can yield sufficient data for inter site comparibayon beyop sons beyon 1966
ned as eo such outlined outlE areas geographical outie the widest of graphical
by ambler
7
CHAPTER
SIX
CERAMICS
goshen seventy the four of valley thirty sites in
sampling sandling methods method sandli methode
three fielded ielded pottery during the course of the survey campsites camo cano camnsites canosites sltes sites
an
attempt was
made
to collect
all
at all th thee
at but artifacts
of the larger sites such as the village sites only a
some
statistical
sample could be taken
types and parities Vari varl varitiese tiese varities ties goshen valley was
the
criteria for the analysis of pottery
like in
most utah ceramics
from
by temper and surface
on was mainly rudy based 1953 identification initial and DeH 196 debLoois 1967 but their criteria later had to be abandoned in debloois young brigham pottery process from the the university of analysis of the
finish
aq 06 1q 67 1966 196667 0667
the
were samples farm hinckley at sherd the submitted class field
myron to dre wron dr hyron
ment
ce C
yound brigham university geology depart best of the
for petrographic analysis
sample of the then
shards were the sherds
tentative
identified
shards were a representative the sherds
system as outlined by debloois
19645
51 196745 19674551 1964551
as sevier gray snake valley gray great
gray gray and turner cisco variety lake
before and during the pro-
cess of identification the writer discussed with dr best the agents tempering the of the for identification on the
he
mposition to
freshly broken
indicate that they
may
criteria
temper the identified
residual properties of the clay nonresidual basis of non
temper was found to be
salt
each fragment 0of
and angular with no
have been residual
trace of deco-
particles of the
77
clay
none of the
feldspar identified
was
of a
nature transitional I transition
j1h jah thee
grain size and relative abundance between
9 and 16
occur ance of particles not occurance ents and occupance
to clay were also used in the
criteria for
the
common lon coim ion eola
tjie temper the of identification
of total constitu-
best
dr
was as
surprised
as myself to find not one tempering agent in many of the sherds shards many nany as
three types
come from a
althoughh single source althouc althous C
tempering agent in provo gray
he expressed the opinion
dr
salt
bests
gray lake
but as
that the particles did not
a crushed mica
granite could
ca c3
be the
granite also could have been used in
tc percento percent as percen are highest follows in order of results
biotite occurs in the paste it is uded eded in the percentage relationship included inc this is relative as heavily age temper to the lowest
mi caseous micaceous micaseous
where
paste might not be included
pon pondingly dingly high percentage 0
from
in bias this built builtin
was working with beyond
some
dr
if
the temper
is
of a corres-
of the results appear to be weighted D
best did not
know
the type of sherds shards he
the fact that they were fremont
this
sherd 126a d
criteria calcite feldspar biotite welded tuff feldspar biotite feldspar biotite quartz obsidian ma m9 basaltic glass
sshend he rd 118 a- a sherd
quartz biotite feldspar
sherd 118a ll8a b llda
obsidian quartz feldspar
was done
to insure against bias in looking for established 126aaaaa sherd 12 sherd herd 126a b
sherd 126a
c
1
eherd sherd
sherd
ll8ac 18ac d ilsa lisa lita
pany quartz biotite pang parg feldspar obsidian felds
welded
quartzy quartz feldspar tuff
sherd 121a
obsidian feldspar biotite
sherd 122a a
obsidian feldspar biotite
sherd 122a b
quartz biotite feldspar
7
lla lia
sherd herd
S
quartz biotite feldspar 1elds felds leids r U
D
feldspar biotite basaltic dags daos
sherd lierd ilerd 112a
S
n
1
ds according to the original sherd sherri analysis sherrl shards sherds 3orllig sho
ade ide
to
ciashuig clushil
p
t
uncer abi lbi i a cach each sherd under sherl ocular micro3co binocular ach microscope
cvcaivc
C each
.11
L
vlin vi 10110 following lollo in
a altion the differentiation between crushed information incon allion infon
foldsp&i ifeldspa
an
0
1I
hy Y
hc0
sid sidian lan
oc quartz is irmpo microscope impossible the andar taicrosco binocular isible undar undr
gray teitro tempered rod former vesicular basalt or basaltic lass neitro sevier c
A
gray represented in sevier 126a d
118 liba
and 112a
d
with these sherds shards v
rth ith
soar feldspar feld reid feid
is
by shouls sherls
12a
b
zile ilie tlle tempering agent associated itie
tuff
as jlass often basaltic altic class ilass oflen asaltic blass
and
c and quar sone 0 ac mi quarlz7 and ssome quarle niar nicr
mae c 12sa by shards 12 la Inae lac 1
lllja illja d 11ca llda ilca lica ll8ad ll3a
uel lel che rho leiipcring agent the bei
nno nho
rr spar 5spry
lie lle
gray tempered ad ropresent represent represented obsidian former seen seer sevier
provo gray
and
r
welded
i
sample sai this sal sauble ile
121a 121
1I
b LD
b
122
a and 117c 117
1 7ith aith s I hese shards sherds luh ich associated ilh associate sharl is cid shcrl ci i
U
c presen quartz id nd resent rith often oflen obsidian resent rese biotic eth ith L
pastue paste pastic in the pastie
co lon ion bozion cozion
grca grc gray c and ded ald ten ipcred yartz te aid red arca Fornier obsidian fornier lake forrler fortier wartz rier
sait salt it gray tino tinc the represented in lake salt
5
G
amp le by sherd 11 ssample sampie lioa
C
provo CTQ agencs agenas tangents are angents re as tempering the perin the te ate sac td saic salc I
1223 b0 and 3223
1
CD
gra but with rnaca suur surrace surr raca tine i paste to aste or added aca mica the surface surf ance to create nica a
act ect decorative eff effect
xt
e to are be considered these sher Is lr 1
I
t Gh ais ghought be ay as lhoughl thought ils lis sherds shards invl inal ic lay invalid lype but tino ought invrlid tins iis solc soic
i at
tt
to be
arlt srlt s3t
gray ere discoverer to lake
provo prove gray
fit
onto a jJ
i
126a 120 a
i
of
this happens often
r gray gray tempered turner cal cite calcite unita ra former cai
ohls onis chis this type
a0
cisco variety
one by sample only sherd the represented in is 1
rd th irith calcibo calcino cai cal illth ilith ilie tile lile tempering agent in this sherd was the cit eit tas calcat calcit ras
79
spar residues are
acid tests revealed that feld-
feldspar
an equal amount of
sherds classified as in the other shards
common
gray uinta
the
new taxonomic
tempered with
3
I
basalt lava mica
1
sidian idian
and
basalt taylor
and
variety sharrock
emery
has been described as
the mancos
siltstones silt stones
gunnerson
feldspar
1956
and
and
rock
lister
emery
variety
and
rudy
2
1953
the same as turner
5
debloois
emery
1967
variety
angular fragments of light gray rock possibly
wormington
1955
2
crushed igneous rock
light gray rock ultimately of igneous origin with
3
quartz in the matrix taylor 1960
is the
1
and mica
1940
vesicular basaltic glass
4
1957
1965
obsidian malouf
feldspar
1954
quartz with mica present taylor gray
potter typeo typed type
gray has been defined as being sevier
obsidian with small amounts of quartz 1
same
evidence for sub divisions within the fremont have created subdivisions
new
tool for this classification
a
to be necessary as the
different descriptions of the
old names have so many
also the
felt
designations were
taylor
1957
1957
differentiates
and
4
between
gray on the basis of temper sevier
porphyritic gray turner
basaltic glass
gray while crushed igneous porphories are criterion for sevier
type the turner for left
however
shards difference between the sherds and he showed me one pot where
debloois could find no significant
he examined
all
at the university of utah
shards of the inner surfaces of the sherds
were labeled sevier gray by one person and the outer surfaces labeled
gray by another turner 1I
was
shards as having identical tempers able to identify a few sherds
as ivie creek black
on
white which were
different
shards with basaltic glass or welded tuff sherds
from the
gray sevier
80
provo gray term the is an outgrowth of amblers
distinctive
its
name and
salt
the term
name
for
gray has been adopted because the old great lake
gray has been defined as lake
1940 3
leaves the sevier area with a parallel
pottery type
main
salt
divi
provo area gives the pottery the
sion of the fremont into five areas a
sub
1966
2
quartz and mica tempered enger
1
obsidian and quartz with mica added to the paste rudy
obsidian
caseous paste taylor quartz in mi micaceous micaseous
and
possibly sand tempered ambler being superfluous and to
1954
the term great
1966
differentiate
between
my
1954
4
and
was dropped as
criteria
and the
older ones gray has been kept but as an extreme variant of the knolls
it
lake variety
salt
appears to be a non as variety decorative nonfunctional functional
the mica is present in such quantities that the walls of the sherd can be crumbled in the hands and
will fall apart
when wet
snake valley gray was not submitted in the sample because no sherds shards were found in the survey and excavations which
being sand tempered name a few
provo and as temper in
sharp edged
no wearing
tion of sand by kuenen
1960
an accumulation of sedimentary
millimeters
and
2
are
silts
or clay
fact quartz is so usually means
a
rudy
1956
1953
and
taylor
1954
gray snake valley is sand tempered that
all state
icles identified broken
meighan
fit
the definition of
salt
fragments
gray were lake
they do not
fit
the part-
all freshly the defini-
the term sand as geologists use
particles
having a
to
it
diameter between
means .05 05 05
large grains are called gravel while smaller ones sands come from limestone much more abundant
quartz sand
sand
feldspar or quartz
a
in
re refering that in redfering fering to sand the term
particles
always have some edge
rounding cound ing from wind movement or show water polish round
31
eno enn re ei ern require her factors which dequ enohasis blich requ bilch kiich ined by other in hasis were out enohalis outlined
11 011 0ola
nnisS
810015 e91ooi bloois aloois
yis lysis
c na nai from manipulated nalysis the of wasatch sherds shards surface nalyis fron nal nallis
196745 19674552 1975520 1975
he pointed out
that
many forms
of surface manipulation
on ah occur orn oin although sherds althou oil the same shards althouah these are used as autery utery such as those from pargonah pottery 004 ool of 001 Par gonah
up var vari varl vail val ties vailties
arga avea area arell
C
52 520
in
criteria for setting meighan 1956o 19560 1956
ulysis clysis cnly valid method of decorative an llysis would appear to be through analysis the anly whole vessel
tie in
ouid ould
analysis
the suggested
with debloois
if
provo and snake the difference between
valley gray could be reconciled much
gray valley snake the of
chan rhall tharl than
quartz sand and
taxonomic system presented here axonomic
there are hints in the literature that tempered with crushed quartz rather
is 3 true this is if
as debloois indicates
then the
conger and provo areas may be brought into a much closer relationship 1I
have
system as
listed
the pottery types according to a rather inclusive
shards are all plain undecorated sherds
variety all coffee bean applique incision
ecco etco etc
moo 1967 b1 qebloois mlo 100 ba 196 1 oo s than debloois
a
plain
sherds are all painted shards
and by color
the result of this taxonomic system T
together under
incised applique noded
punched
are surface manipulated vari vanities ties
classified by slip
51 50 5051
and
SEVIER GRAY
is
somewhat simpler to handle
below outlined is
FREMONT TYPES AND
TYPEs TYPE
lumped
VARITIES VERITIES
tempered with welded tuff and basaltic glass glass with varying amounts of feldspar quartz and mccae micae mica the mica is usually sparse includes pottery formerly classified as sevier gray and turner gray emery variety
van parities Vari varl vah ties varities gray sevier
surface manipulated variety
gray sevier
gray oray on grak orar red arak
gray sevier
gray on black
variety variety
82
TYPE
PROVO GRAY
tempered with feldspar quart and mica possibly crushed mica granite with some sherds obsidian added to a majority of the shards includes pottery formerly classified as
gray sevier
varieties
TYPE
provo gray
plain variety
provo gray
red on gray variety
provo gray
gray on black
provo gray
gray on black
SALT LAKE GRAY
variety exterior corrugated variety
tempered with feldspar quartz and obsidian mica added to the paste and surface for
decorative effect
gray
formerly great salt lake
varieties gray lake
salt gray lake salt gray salt lake TYPE
TURNER GRAY
plain variety surface manipulated variety
knolls variety
tempered with crushed porphy porphyretic porphyritic retic rock 1 I udes ultimately of igneous origin inc includes pottery formerly classified as sevier
gray and turner gray
emery
variety
varieties gray plain variety turner
turner gray surface manipulated variety gray gray on black variety turner turner gray ivie creek black on white variety TYPE
UINTA GRAY
tempered with crushed calcite and feldamoun tso tsu amounts spar with some mica in varying amountso gray cisco variety and former turner promontory ware
varieties gray uinta gray uinta
gray uinta
plain variety surface manipulated variety coarse variety
vyp vye
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rr she seh
d5 fa- e da
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0 660
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i
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fim haq nac pim elm N
too koo
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ft1 16 nti ftc
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r
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falt meg mee kfr ftlt kar N P
7
t
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soo sao
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S SSS
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446 6 SS
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1 1
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fa j mowe iro ito howf cowf azra k PC tarm smos ttrm rxos lzra sros ixos
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tork
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606
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tuc tac fuc twc
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87
sherd analysis
the most numerous type of sherd collected in the
provo gray process of survey and excavation was
this
56091670 5609167o 56.0916 560916
type is represented at most of the pottery bearing
sites
as defined
this pottery is
as a feldspar quartz obsidian tempered type
common
provo throughout the area and is also found to be present in the
sevier area provo gray is generally medium gray in color
very light gray to black
often smoothed is visable disable
on the
predominantly fine textured
exterior
on the
exterior
and
show
interior
it
where
it
this pottery is often the temper
appears micaceous as
the interiors of the
striations
several varieties the most
polished
and sometimes
the sharp edges catch the light and reflect
jars
but ranges from
common
provo gray are represented as outlined above of
being the plain variety
the sample of pottery from the
survey indicates a low number of surface manipulated types but a sur-
prising
number of
painted varieties
provo gray made
medium gray
plain variety 538931 53.8931 538931
pottery found in the shapes of large wide
ular jars
and a few bowls
polished
and
better
provo gray common
is an undecorated well
made
in general
this variety is harder better
than the closely related
surface manipulated variety
decorated variety
seem to have come from
all
mouch mouth glob-
salt
lake type
is the most
.9466 9466 9466
of the sherds shards collected by the author
so globular jars and all were exterior decorationso decorations decoration
the decorative techniques ran from fingernail incision
on
the body
t
coffee bean applique in single rows applique nodes applique bands
that are punched or incised
and
punctate sherds shards
incision is limited
to parallel bands around the neck of the jars or else angular lines
across bands of app appliqued liqued clay appliques
88
provo gray
sites
red on gray variety
all cases
and in
was found
.1527 1527
seems to have come from
at several
large globular jars
all
of the painting is done in crude brushed strokes with considerable edge
decorative elements appear to
smudging
triangles or diagonal lines provo gray
from the
gray on black
be
very wide lines in hollow
lip to the
body of the pot
most 1068170 the variety 106817o is 1.0681 10681
common
painted variety and all the sherds shards appear to have
come from
painted bowls
the interior and occa-
these are always well smoothed
nally well polished sionally sio
on the
exterior
on
interior
the designs tend to be linear
with many solid triangles which are hooked to lines to produce a sawtooth
effect
lines range
from
of patterns and panels
spiral with
a
and
different kinds
bowl
will
03057o 030570 black on gray corrugated variety 0305 .0305 0305
is represented
by a
finely corrugated
have a
step design elements are also important
it
single sherd from goshen
cal single line beneath the lip was
and occur in
occasionally the base of the
central design
provo gray
rare
116 to 14 inch
and
linear decorations
is very
had the
typi-
the exterior
and very well made
gray was the second most numerous type of sherd collected sevier
during the survey and welded
50167970 5016797o 50.1679 501679
this
tuff is easily recognized
type by
tempered with
the darkness of the particles
the basaltic glass is vesicular and quite distinctive are very large and
show
through on the surface
rally gray to buff with many that are
fire
also
row mouth
firing clouds
often particles
shards are genethe sherds
blackened
were quite orange with the appearance of having been show
basaltic glass
some of
the sherds shards
retired but they
the forms seem to be wide mouth jars and nar-
jars with lip to body handles
there are
some bowls known
89
most of the a
gray pottery is undecorated and classified as sevier
plain variety 28.9466 289466
the surfaces are smoothed and sometimes pol-
the interiors remaining striated
ished
interiors
and
the bowls have well smoothed
polished exteriors which sometimes have a coating of red
ochre achre
gray sevier
surface manipulated variety
to four different kinds of treatment in goshen valley
treatment is the most
common
A
noded applique
ono with an equal amount of fingernail incisiono incisions incisi incision
shards is the number of surface manipulated sherds found
is restricted
.3969 3969 3969
much
less than the
number
1967o 19670 farther south debloois 1967 gray sevier
ous than the provo
red on gray variety
variety
.6717 6717
shards are the typical unslipped type these sherds
with a much wider range of painted designs with exterior painting and open
they
all
appear to be jars
the most popular design element is
triangle but examples of squared double lines
angles are
a
and
thin line solid
tri-
often the lines have faded or have turned very dark
common
and are much ed from
is
much more numer-
cruder than any of the black on grays
this type is report-
green by debloois nephi gooseberry creek and fountain gray sevier
black
on
1967
goshen gray variety 1527 15277o rare in .1527 152770 1527 is
valley in comparison to sites farther south
the only design elements
represented in the valley are single lines beneath the lip of the sherd and
lines across
ing scrolls
dots
body sherds shards
angleso anglelo angles debloois mentions interlockat all angies
fine line sawtooth line barbed line circle nega-
tive circles square triangle stepped line
and
parallel lines
de-
57 bloois 19675657 196756
gray shards represented lake is the next largest group of sherds
salt 16595470 1659547o 165954 16.5954 165954 this
type is rather hard to judge as only the percentage of
90
provo paste separate them from the type
mica and darkness of the
there
appear to be a valid regional differentiation of these sherds shards so the
jars
type remains in the system minant forms
with
some bowls and
and
globular pots seem to be the
water bottles
this type is
do-
tempered
spar quartz and obsidian with feld feldspar
again the most
common
101679 variety is the plain variety 10.1679
which is very dark with conspicuous surface mica
pitted
well smoothed and usually
anvil appearance with
some of
shards are not the sherds
the sherds shards have a paddle and
sign of interior striation but rather undulat-
no
ing surface
salt
ed
gray lake
surface manipulated variety
to fingernail incision and then only rarely
just north at the hinckley site
salt
a
is restrict-
.1527 1527
this
seems odd because
are sherds arc majority of the decorated shards
gray lake only eight
salt
lake gray knolls variety
hound and these only from the woodard mound mund wund
very delicate
.2748 2748 2748
they were almost
were recovered 30
micat mica and
as they would shards were destroyed in screening ae several sherds
crumble when pressed against the screen
gray by one porphyritic represented variety which is porphyratic turner porphyra tic is rock tempered 1648970 l64897o 1.6489 16489
there are
a few of the
on shards white sherds black creek ivie
were them most of surveyed throughout but the scattered sites
found in the woodard mount
this variety is white slipped
surfaces with the outer lip often slipped also
is rare farther northward
variety is very western
traits
ccommon on
and
is
known from
it
lister
the interior
would appear
nephi and hinckley
in the san rafael area where
and design elements
on
1960
that
it
this
southreflects it
the design elements
an even on but with painted sherds shards found ace the other are similar to those arc
91
greater variety
goshen the sherds shards included open
solid black triangles squares sawtooth lines barbed lines
with dots
fine linesq lines iines multiple lines linesa
and stepped
and designs are also pre presento sento present cresento
lines on the
exterior
and
rare sherds shards have
ral cite calcite
and
lines
all
various kinds of circular
shards are highly polished the sherds
achre applied to the exterior all ail ali have red ochre
A
few
fine line around the outer lip of the bowl
a
gray .5491 0591 5491 uinta cai rai
triangles usually filled
by shards only represented plain sherds is
feldspar tempered and light gray in color
they are
this type is rare
une the valley but the shards sherds are well made and smoothed in
no
polished
the forms seem to be restricted to wide mouth
foundo shards were boundo sherds found
globular jars A
few sherds shards of what has been
shoshone shoni shoshoni identified as Sho
ware
030550 0305
were foundo boundo found
and and cru they are s sand eru shed- ro ck tempered and very crude in crushedrock
appearance
shards are reddish brown with large fragments of temper the sherds the surfaces are poorly smoothed and very
protruding from the surface
pittedo pitted
one sherd had crude
fingernail incision
shards several temperless sherds from miniature vessels
that these
been suggested
common
this
varieties
be
it
has
childrens playthings or practice vessels common
objects in the fremont area
provog provoy and frovog the northern sevier in uinta central
figure 10 lo
group
were
that appear to
these artifacts are represented by three main groups
san rafael areas GROUP A
were found
provo imitation of tempered
these are somewhat
reworked sherds shards
but are most
in
5994 594
5945.594
is
drilled in identified as
6
specimens
shards with represented by worked circular sherds
themo theno them then
two specimens
holes
are striped with black and one
gray on a provo elack sherd blaek black hlackon
blackon white ivie creek blackbon
no
and the
other one an
912 512 92
W p M
x
k
w
NI
Lv
f
ilv n alv liv
MV
mf
v
AV v
NS
A
i
n
vj Mf
Yy
ww
W f
ww f
i
D
c
B
ell
V
E
i
a
J
r
G
F
af t V
ry
r v
v
i
1
1
vr
lw
1
l
1
H
REWORKED SHERDS
TYPE TIPE
A
G
TYPE
B
H
TYPE C
F
A
PIPE 1I
prolan pjpft prolcn single brokeiolpipe
REVTORKED RLVORKED SHERDS AND
PIPE FfrafimentT
figure
10
1I
93
diameter
range inches 1332
mean 1
GROUP B
figure fiore flore
this is
a worked aircu a with sherd circular lar
is
sherd
1
figure
this his is
78
inch
men specimen 1 apeci nen
10
central drilled hole
12
inches 1 specimen
10
what appears to be a speel speciallyy made sherd of
that the edges are pointed triangular the center is drilledo lledo dri drilled
and the cross
shape so
diameter
1
14
discoidal
section is
inches
ng pieces in this paper the above are considered to be ggaming
holes are to hold a thong or cord of complete the set often are
stringing
part of
some
the
bone gaming pieces which
kind
on one end for center or the drilled either in
these pieces are described by culin 19074449 as being
a dice game and
for turning the dice while in a basket or
which they are being mixed game and
the
on white creek blaek black ivie
diameter GROUP C
to
2
bowl
in
often these turners also act as dice in the
shards in making these therefore the use of painted sherds
gaming
pieces pipe
level
one fragment of a two
at the
bowl broken
off
straight pipe
woodard mount
was recovered from square one
the fragment
the remaining section
inch in diameter where broken and
pierced with a hole
down
14
is
1
is
14
the narrow end with the inches long and gig 916 9l6
inch at the narrow end
the long axis 116 inch in diameter
it is
CHAPTER SEVEN NON
aifipped oilppedstone stone
A
fairly large
CERAMIC SPECIMENS SPECMENS
samp sample sampie le
hipped stone specimens of complete cchipped
were recovered during the course of the survey
A
variety of different
kinds of stone was used as the raw material for the manufacture of the
all of the varieties of
worked stone thie thle tiye
lite tite
vicinity of
goshen valley
lithic materials are
common
to
except for the obsidian which must be
gintic imported from southwest the mountains of ported tintic ii
projectile erojectile points projectile points
small light pressure flaked smail the snails
189 specimens
from the survey were definably definatly defi natly designed
for arrows
majority of the specimens are from the excavation of the woodard there
was no
bloois aloois
taylor
wormington
1957
uhe
perate
categories which
berge 1964
1955
the because the requirements change with the needs of tine
1967 196
an attempt was made to se separate the seperate
survey
mound
attempt to place the projectile points into typologies as
envoived envolved by rudy 1953 involved and 1Idebloois
A
still
studies could be made
differentiated
berges
enough
points into large
attributes
so
11 co coraprehens aprehens vf 1
comparative that eooarati F
1964 modification of a point clazssifie tion classification
system as advanced by haury 1950
is
jnls too cumbersome to use as the po points jils
are atre alre separated by nonsignificant attributes A
drawing of each point was
on a out table laid
clustered as to fundamental blade shape notching recording system
is
somewhat
survey papers river basin
drawings were
and base curvature
195 in the close to that used by lehmer 1954
the
95
W v L lv
i
k
i
J
A
r
B
c
B
A
fe V
F
G
H
f
L
mw
L
K
N
01 ol
R
projectile
POINTS
A
P
TYPE A
Q
s
E B TYPE
figure
11
GROUP A
ll
figure
31 specimens
11
triangular with slightly convex bases stemless
maximum
width
at base edges straight or slightly convex length
mean 1
width
mean
GROUP B
figure
range inch ilg 116 ll6 lla
34
1 3
to t
78 75
inch
16 range 1 to inch la l6 inch 716 216 1932
11
4 specimens
triangular writh with slightly concave bases stemless width at base
length
mean
slightly
edges
convex to
these points
straight
1 range 16 inch la l6 to 1116 inch 716 3132
16 can loan ioan la l6 inch range ican 716
width
maximum
group
A
and
58
are
B
common
more charach characheristic characteristic eristic
and kanosh
of the uinta
where they are very abundant
in
provo and sevier the
at hinckley nephi spotten
sub divisions and have been found subdivisions cave grantsvilleg meadows grantsville caves Grants villeg ville meadow
to 516 inch
and san
but these points are
divisions subdivisions rafael sub
basiij especially in the uinta basl basi
boundry village and marigold caldwell village big rock boondry cave areas
dirty devil areas
emery poplar knob
old
etc
woman GROUP C
and
figure
12
specimens camens 15 sae clmens s2e
triangular with straight to slightly convex edge straight base
side notched on lower one third of blade
maximum
at base
gig 916 9l6
length
mean
d th wi width
16 mean 716 la l6
inch range 1516 to 1932 inch inch range
12
to 1332 inch
width
97
A
c
B
E
D
H
K
k
M
N
P
Q
R
T
S
U
aalf ralf alif flif
v
PROJECT projectile A K
J 0
TYPE TIPE C TYPE D
y
x
w
P
U
V & W
POINTS TYPE E TYPE F
figure
12
X & Y
TYPE
J
98
GROUP D
figure
6 sspecimens p ec amens imens
12
triangular with straight to slightly
convex edge
side notched on lower one third of blade
maximum
length
mean
716 inch range 78 to 2132 inch
width
mean
1532 inch range 58 to 716 inch
GROUP E
figure
triangular with straight to slightly convex on lower one
third of blade
edge
maximum
length
mean
34
width
mean
1532 inch range 12 to 516 inch
GROUP F
figure
baseo width at babeo base
10 sspecimens ec amens imens
12
side notched
convex base
12
inch range
1
concave base
width at blade
316 to 916 inch
sp specimens caimens cimens
3
triangular with straight to
convex edges
notched base
side
notched on lower one third of blade maximum width at base
18 to 1116 inch
length
mean
2932 inch range
width
mean
2532 inch range 12 to 1932 inch
these groups common and
uinta
C
provo
and
never in any number
and
border between being
caldwell village
and southwestern san
they
it
they are present in
rafael region but
has been suggested by mock
personal
monc mont was oont the frem type reemphasized with re fremont Frer emphasized that this
was but utah into intrusion
culture sites
on the
canyon grantsville west hinckley Grants ville spotten at
conger
communication
are
san divisionso subdivisions northeastern rafael sub divisions
turner look
the sevier
and F
they are found commonly in sites in the
abundant
have been found
cave
E
D
1
fairly
common
in the center desert
rp
GROUP G
figure 13 14 specimens
triangular with straight to convex edges corner notched ep anded expanded base much smaller than blade
maximum
14
width at notch
ilig illg
length
mean
range 1 inch 2132
width
mean
16 range to inch la l6 inch 716 1316 1732
GROUP H
figure
specimens
2
13
to 1116 inch
triangular with straight to convex edges corner notched ex-
just smaller than blade
panding base
length
no complete specimens
va v1 d th width
no complete specimens
group
these groups
and
G
H
are
maximum
common
width at notch
along the wasatch front
provo fremont area as well as the uinta area of the
caveg cave spotten hinckley at caved the ivie creek area and
been found
they are
in the uinta basin provo
they have
much more abundant
in the western
san and er southern sevier rafael areas where they appear to sevi I1
have been introduced by the anasazi
figure I 212re
12 specimens
13
GROUP 1
triangular with straight to convex edges parallel notched square maximum baseq width base basea
length
mean
width
mean
GROUP
J
gure figure fi
78
at notch to 532 inch
58 range to gig inch 916 78 38 inch 9l6 inch
range
2 specimens 12 122
triangular with straight to convex edges parallel notched rounded base
maximum
width at notch
length
mean 1
width
mean
range 1 inch 1332
1532 inch
range
gig 916 9l6
34
116 to 1 ilg inch iti
616 inch to gig
100 loo
i
W
WA
1I
A
c
B
vbc abc
F
tag eab tab
G
H
D
E
i
r 1I
j
L
K
m
0
N
w p
R
S
projectile A
J
1I
0
TYPE TIPE G TYPE 1
I
P Q
R
T
POINTS
TYPE TIPE K TYPE TIPE L
figure 13
S T
TYPE TIPE M TYPE TIPE N
figure
GROUP K
o ecimen 1 sso specimen
133
triangular rular with straight trian aular stzai tilan strai ht niaximum ibid adrnu n iqid th width
ri
length ta t1 1I C wi width
34 12
at df
bease baese parallel notched triangular ulam alam alar triant beset
edge
notcllh notcho botcho
inch
3
inch
these groups group 1I J and
arid are rare in the fremont arld and are
K
generally raily rally not diagnostic of the sites Zene
oney ohey they are
c
present uie hie ule in I 1
divisions
provo and sevich sevier sevicr sub subdivisions but always in a minority
they
appear definitely associated with sitesq fremont but nith sites sltes rith
often in
more
ee ame ar are
hunting camps than house clusters specimens mens figure 13 2 speel nens 1I
GROUP L
ith
slight
ovate uwith vith very convex edges
third of blade
one
convex base
concave depressions in lower
maximum
width about one
half
way
up the blade
length
neen meln me
en meon meen neon
3
width
mean
916 inch range
GROUT GROUP
M
figure
inch rich range
JA
same same
1 specimen
13
dee p contriangu triangular triangi lar with straight edge side notched with large deep cave notch
length width GROUP N
in base
maximum
width at base
co-
no complete mplete specimens
916 inch figure
13 1
1I
specimen
triangular irregular edge expanding triangular base lt base width at
straight base
length
gig 916 9l6
width
916 inch
inch
inaximun mami mani i
c coij d sxe and be coia uld axe in fact are lid rre ade dre ame an 4qlue inr the t ype were type to L ameo are recovered points other areo similar called unique sim ilaabreo he sia sla
gnup grc gr tip groups arc lid grup L ats these IID uts
and
M
aye are very
N
a
by the author
yi range 1 ile lle seemed which white near lie valley es house houle le in si in sltes sites
to be associated with plute or Uutee sinese sitese
it
1964 rge bedge white valley by bc berge dge 196
hunter and
q r gathering gather
s typlypeso
was type found also in this
they are typically made of obsidian
t gre weaklyiesse some are weskneses in there ln
this
but
thereis theres
some
basis for
co-
n no nneed mind hundreds of variables not ed ttc keep 1 in variable keen heen
and one dce dcti dati
1
lgi ss 0
while studying the
sone as some in terZ sorie points inter-
system
grade and others dewia devia devla deviatee from fron the ideal mparison
e la4 that these points are laa late
would appear
cyp typ agi
A
pull outi computer com sr dom don
analysis should be
made
of all
acal and t1eir noted significance recorded point attributes cind lcal their statdsti stdtisucal
aas eas need fremont aaaas aeas
of significances
system y apy non ar ary arbll rod arall nonarblt red
U i so ulat at that
the
further
be systeirdlizedc syterdtized
te records could site c
wer se vercil hundred fragments that could not be elas severcil there vers several sinned clas eias classified sifted and ag te wit sople sopie sone agte withh some
erg t most ma as ztjj made de f ere tere nade hosl of the polte host 1s poirs 0 doirs
cf hert
rex quart zite and obsidian few fex quartzite
all of these materials are readily r3v3dlable avaalable available
cew rew cow
in
many areas area As
if7 ifa
girfen current oirfen crr 0
ang ing 119 rig lng
C ctr r
things rov
4
ants poproiec proies projectile kle kie points ile nts
ane and
i
kj kjinball iia KJin aball bail bali creek
r
i
prepared by ambler
fied site
1966
gintic tintic tint
and snd the
araj id a at
mo is
1
4
aspz and the spz spotten sprtten ara t er cave ana analysis lysis
soma some da soloe jew dataa ei d3
of
strata stata
ule uie the
me some s indicate tha there are sme cave did affail iativns the zave affiliations affil ire aty have points associated ity th and the asociated idith upper rsoclated nith a irith lower nth majoe major 1ty majority levels rith najor
doe s
cn level therl in the Frem of them then fremen 4A
2 of all ail ali l AB et
1
prjctlle
accove ned pclnts red recovered panis rccove pcnis
ei
eicens 286 specimens 136 386 536 586 mens nens eimens
cane from ac rane of them vane the excavation at the wbadard woodard two
of the points
usc areae ardeae area arca
c
hj arty only airty rty irty
aye frcrfi sau are squ&e sauee
one and nd two
mound
n in 1
ninety 111 ix
103 42u 102 42utl02
sixty
th the association with thu
s m squares a ne from c licturp cne fr fron the brith sociales with the associated structure vith tr socialed c
01
not seem to be a criterion ri terion
do
a pd 1 t for bc aynd gores togores kor tegores the largest Y cultura aff culture te lor cultural tegories bynd affiliof aft affiliation iliof cores tle large gories gorles he geries
lyn lin
jasper
alid ai id
OON 1 103 I
g A
1I 1
2vvlo2 2vrio2 uvr2w2 lt2n2s
aa a& 1I
alatac blac
ac
X
X
2ts3 1I
urna urn3
X
4 una un3
X
42mi wn
Y JL
Y A
X
1I
xTJL
ttvro
burao lvr30
T j& ja
A
r A A
A
Y
X V JL
r
X
X
f
X
X
i
X
X
i
IE
7
403
X
X
ijt32s
A
K
X
23 as fs l 3
ovy ovo UVO
acco affo aa aa a0 a7 IT
s 7
X
tj
h
X
2ar3oz
X
X
0 103
a uau
X A
a
2jt3o1 301 2u
jk
t
2
4
ura7 4 urac
X A
A
1
0 S 0
1IA
4tz30 vaw naw baw 4aw
C
u
tr JL
r
E
nyee rayflryfl nyel
wraw wut320 wr3w
21
ubes
A 1
distribution
OF
Figure projectile POINTS pointsfigure
14
k
j& ja
X j& ja
pn the points of three an int tiree
came from
1
oc hypo di pointe points hypothesis distribution s4cribution off ants supports the hydo thesis that fremont sites are
ali zhe tli thee
ferren abed ally aily differren latex laterally ated to later dlf dif diffaren2ated i
the use area
already were
a
greater degree than they are vertically
is clearly differentiated
it
i
cs ceramics the cerand
shown by
would appear
hatted in the use area nothing else
scraperse perse crapers cr apers Scra clapers
nd unbroken 62
structure in function
from the
bhe
lied 119d finicjed of fini
by
the the back hoe trenelh trenell trench and one froli fron he surface
that
many
ac
of the weapons
would explain the
great numbers
points
this
specimen pec pecimen imen
group of chipped wools tools has been 4
they are rather arbitrary
on spedialized specialized characteristics lack their
d could have been used for multiple purposes end and in function m-
some
just about anything else
could have been knives or choppers or
classified
CD
of then A
few of
enough sms11 ore to have scrapers been snall the flake thumbnail projectile sized thwnbna smil enouh enoah snll il sall
points
hafting
they so
do have
or too much curvature and could have been modified for
seens very un unlikely easily that this seems likely
of scrapers
there are five categories
these should not be considered rigid classes but as clusters
yp e and many intergrade around a mode or ideal ttype
many
of these are frag-
ments crid arid clid nd are not cias abie sinn clas sint classifiable sift able GROUP A
figure 15
6
specimens
scrap erss irregular in outline both surfaces scraperss elliptical side scrapersq 14 flakedy re specimense retouched specimens possible retoucher fully sides lully flanedy specimen se touched flaked 1 15116 1516
LENGTH
WIDTH GROUP B
1
18
inch
inch
figure 15
range
range 1 rane
14
2
14
to
to
78
14
1
inch
inch
3 sspecimens
discoidal side scrapers irregular outline both surfaces fully flaked pressure retouching LENGTH WIDTH
12 112
mean 1 mean 1
14
common
inchg inch incha range
1
three possible specimens
14
1 range 1 inchg to inch incha
to
12
1
34 inch
inch
105
v
ell edw
Is
c
B
E
F
D
G
SCRAPERS B dap A das b9 ba D
C
TYPE B
eq E F
TYPE TIPE C
E D TYPE
ga G g9
TYPE E
figure 15
H
2
log 106
SCRAPER TYPES
44 UO
i 3
z
i
ppp ffi afi
J
X
325
X
2104 295
xZ
X
102
X
X
27 43 273
X
310
X
00
11
W
3 9
313
0
X
301
X
u
277
X
c 3
323
X
321
X
274 27
X
3 0
distribution
OF SCRAPERS
figure 16 configuration cofiguration the overlap and co figuration is for ease of drawing
1 r
figure
GROUP C
ape spe specimens camens
2
15
n
scrapers T side elliptical liptical
kesy convex plano planoconvex single flakes kesi fia fla
made from
flake scar sixteen possible specimens length
mean 1
width
mean 716 16 la l6 216
GROUP D
figure ure are 15 figure figare fig
14 to 112 34 12
316 inch range range
inch
to
1
18
1
inch
inch
1 specimen
o alth end one single flake vwith to small at the lth extension similar pressure flaked edges group 1I projectile points 4
10
length
1
width
1JL
78 inch 18 inch
figure 15 23 specimens convex type comparatively large irregular end scrapers of plano planoconvex
GROUP E
tiong front cutting edge pressure outline triangular cross sec section
flaked length
t-
vh d i width 0
i
mean 2
14
mean 1
532 inch
inch
range
78 to
2
range 1
12
31
12
inch
to 34 inch
able to abie there are not enough of these artifacts to be ab
statistical
comparison but they do
these are
and
A
known fremont
and
E
sites
B
C
and
D
cluster into
two
make a
valid
large groups
the clustering includes both
and unknown campsites so
there
is
no
basis for
differentiation in that respect knives
jl
these artifacts are very similar to
11 specimens
projectile points as they but
all
are
much
a popular weapon and
of the
have hafting hatting shapes similar to notched points
too beaw heavyy for arrows and spears never seem to have been heaw many
are similar to hatted knives from the southwest
in the miscellaneous collections
museum
many
archaeology of ethnology and archaeclogy
young brigham of the
university
108
J B
c A
E
G
D
F
KNIVES A
C
TYPE tybe TIPE tibe
D
A H
TYPE E
1I figure 17
G
tape TYPE t1pe
B
GROUP A
1I figure figur 17
3
cj3ciicns signs iigns cl
long lanceolate forms with rounded bases edges very sharp harp knives C
from the southwest are basaly
illg ilig inch
range
732 inch
range 1
length
mean 2 11116 1116
width
mean 1
GROUP B
figure
17
hatted twenty possible specimens
5
3
14 inch 38 to inch 78 34 to
2
mens specimens apeci speci I1
long lanceolate with square bases pressure flaked surfaces appear to be basaly chafted hafted four possible specimens
sharp edges
length
no unbroken specimens
d th width vi
mean 1
GROUP C
figure
18
range 1 316 to 1516 inch
inch 332 2
specimens
triangular parallel notched knives usually percussion flaked
irregular edges fairly crude length
no unbroken specimens
width
mean 1
GROUP D
figure
18
18
inch
and made
range 1
14
of quartzite or anda andasite andesite site to 1 inch
1 specimen
triangular side notched with pressure flaked surfaces similar to type
projectile point very thine thin
H
length
3
1316 incho inch
width
1
316 inch
GROUP E
figure 17
1 specimen
triangular with opposing triangular base
similar to type
K
projectile point base broken length
3
1316 to break
width
1
316 inch
again the a
statistical
distributional study
sample
is
too small to be of any use in
110 llo lio
C
B A
F
E D
H
KNIVES aa9 Aa
B C
D
TYPE C
zype TYPE TIPE
D
1I TYPE TIPE A
figure 18
SCRAPERS
ill
yee ape vpe 0 vee
tyee TYPG TYPE rt
s
3
tymm tyma
tyf6 tieg tyft T
c
e
a
35
Q
X
j1 ja
T
x
X
01
38
x x
0 03
x
177 I 37 1
x
x
102
x
x
x
2
x
x
29 295
x
x
30
x
x
2
0 IJ
1
ryng ryne ayre ryre
32 323 023
288
distribution
OF KNIVES
figure 19
0
11 1122
s drills drill
fit
the
19 specimens
also the categories outlined by ambler 1966
cutting or drilling of holes A
drills
were confined to three main types which
are very well
mean 1
width
mean
is
one function
drills
which have the appearance
bases evident
no
length
this type
group
7 specimens
20
these are straight very round
of needles
this
for
made
highly specialized tools
could have had only
made and
figure
GROOP A GROUP
and many are
they are all
1364 inch range
38
inch range
common
in
1
1
14
12
to
to
14
provos provo the southern
78 inch inch
uinta san rafael
and
provo sevier regions but few have been found in the lake area
they are
known from
been badly reported
figure
GROUP B
20
hinckley
many
sites in
this
may be
in error
so
specimens mens 10 meel nens Reci
poorly shaped or well shaped expanding base and
little
provo area have the
drills often flat
one end sharpened into the re retouched with retoucher flakes touched
drill length
mean 1
va v3 d th width
mean
this
type
much more
they are
area also
38
inch range 1
range 1 inch 1316
34 14
to 1 inch to 1016 inch
present and regions are but the in uinta sevier is common in the extreme east of the colorado plateau known from
it
dirty devil river intermediate sites in the urty
is rare in
provo area the
113 11.3 113
f sssss ssiss
w4 JB
A
C
F
D
t K
G
H
sy
p L
0
N
at
drills
DR S BRILLS
trpe TYPE TIPE
A
G
TYPE TIPE A
Q
H
P
tiepe titpe TYPE
FLAKER STONE S
B
figure
20
R
C
114 lih
sj
ml we e
7
i
sy s
tf
PC type TY
A
c
v
tii
X
c
82 282
y
iz
304 306
r
0
ac 1cC z3
2
2
X
x
X
x
3
X
r C ci ooo 300 000
X
38
X
n
X
distribution
OF DRILLS
pag 2 gure 21 ure fag are figare fig fi
gure figure fi
GROUP C
20
2
specimens
type appears to be modified projectile points with irith side
this
notching expanded base thick and thin
length
mean 1 716 711
wi width dth ath
mean
this
group
is
range
inch
range inch 2332
2
inch
78 to 916 inch
they are from west to east deep
knob 42em59 42em5 beaver poplar knobs
look ambler
78
reported from the sevier and san rafael areas
but only at six sites creek
to
type this
1966
harris
is rare in
wash
and
turner
vjhole vaigle the vaiole fremont
area choppers
their large size indicates
these are classified under choppers due to
specimen 3 specimens
and crude appearance
smooth ground stone axes were popular and these were
the choppers on the other hand are
regular in in outline
all
appear to be retoucher re retouched touched cores
imately three inches in diameter shape and are
42u1306 42u306
3
12
42u1288 42ut288
14 314 014 oiw
inches long and
is
made
there
inches long by 3
14
cne was one rne
of quartzite and is approx-
the other two choppers are
3
haftod hafted haftor
very and percussion flaked all ir-
42ut275 which discoidal chopper from 42u1275
in
materials analyzed from nephi
2
inches wide
18 inches
ellptico eliptico wide
both they are boun
made
of agate Hammer stones hammerstones
38 specimens
these appear to be specially
made
tool 5
EeE Loois personal deb dee stones of similar type were recovered by DeH as hammer hammerstones debloois dehloois eeeloois lee
communication
site
also
collections
james mock from spotten cave caves and from the hinckley fasti fasli fan
many
similar stones are found in
i young ryty universo rALy univeraly univers the brigham Unive ty
they are generally made of quartzite or agate that has been
chipped into a roughly cubical or flattened polygonal shape
many marly cou maily cau caa could
ilg 1.16 116
B
A
c
CHOPPERS A
42ut306 42ut3o6
B
42ut288
C
42ut275 42ut25
figure
22
ii 11
all
called discoidal
be
show one edge which has been
from repeated blows on or something very hard
very consistent size arid 1 and 2
12
78
averaging
across the sm est smallest
inches and the smallest
2
infernally fractured in
stones have a hammerstones these hammer
neter across largest teter the diameter ilg inches beter 116 diu ll6 lla the largest stone was 3 34 inches by 3
inches by
1
all
they
inch
appear to be
designed for the palm of the hand ground stone
facts
under
such as manos
ground category and stone pecked are arti artl this all irti
tates stone balls
me metates metakes
and
most of these
sinkers
very so fragments are at identification of broken small hi into that artifacts
types J
is literally impossible ghents were found at only fourteen sites and at only fraggments these fragments
metates tates Me metakes
six
of these were manos found
only two recog lecog
in association with them
nzable szable types were recovered during the course of the survey and excava-
tion
and no complete specimens were found
found
at 42ut328 as part of the foundation wall but
haul away
A
sevier regions and
this is
it
pe large utahI type L
was too
L
1
wa was
large to
this particular artifact as it provo prove the utah type is typically found in the
photograph was taken of
weighed about 60 pounds arid arld and
at all
one
conger san realon rea rec present region and ion lon the rafael in is cd
the open end type with the
flat
grinding surface
une on vae the upper end
42u1284 type 42ut284 was type open from metate end recovered thid thia the this another of
iis
characteristic of the uinta region but
more
is
common
throughout the
emona emon4 area nfremont 1
five sites yielded fragments of
flat
metates metakes which are more character
cistic istic of the desert culture than the fremont were campsites of
finite
unknown
do definite fremont house
all
tes but two of the ssites sltes
cultural affiliation but the other sites tere
clusters 42ut29
i
the campsites where the
flat
118
metate fragments were found are 42u1102 42utlo2 42ut291
all of
and 42u1295 42ut295
these sites are on current creek
at three sites 42ut295 42u1295 42ut318 42u1318
and 42ut3lg 42u1319
shallow trough
fragments were recovered which could have been either open end or utah type me metates metakes tates
categorized
cIly broadly these fragments are very fragmentary and very broa
most of the fragments had been pre p re shaped with pecking reshaped
and smoothing so
that the finished product
would weigh
less
the
borders averaged about one inch in thickness and about a half an inch deep
at three other sites
42ut273 42ut23
42utlo29 42u1102
and 42ut327 42ut32
deep
trough fragments were found which may have been parts of open end or
metates double open end me metakes tates
these also have been carefully caref y shaped for use calef
these have a border thickness about
all of the fragments
deep as two inches
that
would have been about one
at three sites were so small as to be
could not be determined
to have
come from deep
almost
34 3
troug ins as troughs inch thick but with troun
42ut2869 42u1286
two and wide foot
42u1315 42ut3l5
ion feet lon
and 42u1316 42ut3l6
the fragments
unidentifiable or else the depth of the trough C
most of these fragments do
however
appear
trough metates metakes rather than the shallow type
were fragments the of all
ies basaltic glasses
seem to have come froin metakes metates
and sandstones
porphir local igneous porphor
made from
there were
many metates metakes
collected
lwhite by the iwhite white family from 42ut295 42u1295 and most of these were either of the
utah type or else were como and a more comp complete lete
specimens
at the
flat
mrs
nhitels whites
garden was lined with
discussion of her collection
end of the
report
is
artifacts
under imiscellaneous
119
manos
1
corn tenty of the surveyed sites yielded manos of one corm form or another fonn
these have been classified into several types by shape and size
most
metakes and could not be measured for of the manos are fragments like the metates
statistical provo san common and which is fairly the sevier in rafael areas this type is represented by sixteen specimens from twelve sites there were mano inano the main type found was the loaf shaped nano
comparisons
only four unbroken specimens two of these and were 4
12
inches long
12
1 lon inches indies ion ions lons
2
12
wide inches wides
2
came from
inches wide
2
the woodard
mound
34
inches high and 4
inches high respectively
both of these
goo DeH by manos fall well under the 6.30 length debLoois for inch debloois established 630 average an manos one type length pe as ty hand ieng leng th debloois bottom rocker of his
it
196781 82 19678182 as they
fit
would appear
little
the hand with a
flat discoidal but
came from
and
all fall
one hand type are the of also that these
overlap
manos were as numerous as
only ten sites
within the
same
there
the loaf shaped ones
were seven of
type represented this
a range with variation averaging size
less
than one fourth of an inch measurement
AND
distribution
OF DISCOIDAL MANOS
length le
width
thickness
42u1102 42utlo2
4.75 475
3.50 050 350
150
42ut295
425 5.00 500 4.75 475
3.25 325 3.75 375
125 1.25 125
site
where found
475
1.75 175 1.50 150
ooo 3.00 300 000
5.375 5375
2.00 200
42ur279 42ur29
5.50 550
3.75 375
125 1.25 125
42u1332 42ut332
5.00 500
3.50 050 350
1.75 175
353 335
T 25.25 25
tso 20 20.20
5028
3.69 369
1.55 155
size variation average size
figure
23
120
the range
falls slightly
illustrated
type as handed one under the
a with type but also handed one a be to appear of would by debloois and much
range of variation smaller two
other types are
mano somewhat
A
similar
14
6
measured
vertical
to an
iong inches long
mano was found
inches wide and
section
represent
2
14
at 42ut325 is
edg represented eds one
isosceles triangle 2
14
its
1 and wide inches wides
42u1282 at 42ut282
inches high
both of these manos
on
which was 6
this
fail fali still ffall
a
triangular
this
side
12
mano
inches high
ion lon 13 inches lonz 18
1
12
specimen has a rectangular cross
within the range of being one
handed manos
all of the rest of the
manos
are fragments that could be identified
as to class but whose measurements could not be taken due to mentary nature
it
would be of
to interest
a people who use stone grinding
great degree of breakage as which has been broken
their frag-
make an ethnographic etnographic
study of
tools and discover what the cause of the
many
of the
manos were made
into fairly small fragments
it
of very hard stone does not appear to
have been accidental
stone balls and are
these were recovered from
fairly
common
sites
two
throughout the fremont area
42ut299 and 42m273 42u1273
they have been reported
gunnerson by wormington 19559 1957 taylor 19579 1957 1955 sharrock 1965 19579 ambler 1966
and debloois
1967
these have been described as being
juggling balls or as part of the hidden ball by a as described 339 19071335 19071335339 cullin 1907335 is 1907335339 one of
game
the hidden bbail ball
game where one
hides a ball in
several places usually four the opponent guessing where
hidden moccasins
implements employed are the impliments
the ball
1
game
it is
cane or wooden tubes or 2
hieden in the tubes or is hidden
moccasins and bets are placed
121
W
1I
TO
ww otei alii Wl
wlii hu i lie lil
ii
f
ti A
c D
E
aq B ao b9 C 19 ba
& C
SINKERS
eq & D E d9 da
F
SMOTHERS SHAFT SHAFT SMOOTHERS
SMOTHERS SINKERS AND SHAFT SMOOTHERS
figure 24
p-
besides stone bails balls ball sticks bail bali
opponent nen can gguess the place quickly the opp
on
bs bel bei pebbled bebis bellsss or pebbleb beiis belis lelblr can be used for the gaming gamin piece a and is or beans berns und ir
game
orc rlzations orz erz
dual
tribes
ijhpr
moccasin version llie nie lie naoccasin
layers point at their
eggli jggli
dil tii ttl
is
LD
choice by pointing with
ono they average a dia nieter diameter of rieter 01 dla ol one
ac game gane gaac these are also part of a betting ga
up to inch but range inches three rarie
collin cullin
iwagered
seven iwater rater worn pebbles were
1907713714 1907713 714
recovered from the use area at the woodard mourd 2
inches in diameter with a range of grooved stone
full
the balls recovered average
inches to
1
12
inches
were recovered from 42u1295 42ut295
the two whole ones were
it
as fich fishing in sinkers although fish
both
i farm farn ite ohite far chite
inches in
2
ddiL
these artifacts were presumably used
stone has been suggested that they were bola stones stonel
as they have been found at other odier odler ouier
nostic
12
diameter grooves
c
diagnot dia dla tills tins tias is ilas
groups of three in sites
arbab bolas often have variable ariable
a
2
balls or sinkers
where there they were quite common piid P alid ameter and itd have ltd lid
roe roc ro
stones stoner stoneb are usually in groups of three and are arl often
C
worn water at vater ar pebbles or stuffed leather balls atar
is
I
1
of stones and very verst0
nu numbers abers
.0
thoy theyY often tho
c
and grooved s they as placed in leather acks tear reks cks teks easily loose sacks saeks than eks sack rather r
C
the time involved in grooving C
is lost
een ween eer weer her
arc the stones are
gret
lost
nne graat tf e great grat drat
i
mors and and argues pre nets ard ondel ing sin fishing sinkers preponderate onde cj of fish bones also bies bles elso aiso arg fisli kors ties for
shrift
ot
hey sr othey huY othuy
siojir Sio slo Jir mearrli
jd
va
axis 1
34
seven 10lo
3
14 4
ii
eom eon con completa complete ccmpleta or conplete partial plete objects classified clascified partia L
recovered
rieth wlde ricth inch alde
laid alid
euid euld
at
42 on 42u1273 u27
haft
mas zule zuie on was h vas high found the ras IUC hish lush
it
had a
and 1 inch high
this
As ft shaft sheft
sp clorio ctorio
cur sur fcc curfcc clr
th
down dol doenn the iong long single groove doi lonz
S surrace ah was which at ich 42ut3 42ut338 surface ice measured find rind rine anther fini rini 1I
aar
smoother of
indi lus 14 inch
pien plen and peipien the pol poi rien orf off pei ff
inchez inches wide
L
among co commonly arong algonquian aron lmonlv found amon
ater i
inhere where much
v
orten erten often eften found where the social system
o pta pla pl& ems ers
the
is sti is divided into kept with th stic
count
i
inches lor 34 234 2
A tat smoother was made of what lat appears
7
113 123
x ax jx aj X xj
x
41urio 2vro2L
X tto X X X X x X X ltv lt5 hown hven hvtn avv adv 103 avi hunos bunos 4499 VTP3 imm lmo 43lytx7& teun77 aa 7 4a tean 4
X
gra 7 wra rd lra V
iy wtw2
i
arv ay 44 vrv R
t
x x xx X isi x yatw nrc xtc etc wrw drw ix
17 W wir9s wirbs
w6 11iraw q ras YT tod tad wing wtwo etwo wino wuryff w79 yata wa
i
f2 fa
araw
S
792
f
f
r
i
j
i
UTW
ut3 uta
XJ
73 2v730
trtv
P
X x
34 ritr36
wtz07x XJ
oteo ot3o ut3 073 uta
x
aj 7j
P u73
w w7j X 7jy woj wc17316
41 nv 73 73
92
pxq
i
t
aji 17326
avtj37
T
i
i
4
1
3y1
p jmj JXJ
1
1
x
1I
k
1
X
i d
t
1
1
lu
j
S M
X
1
3
t 1I
J v
f
v7 3 881 887 ZO va
k
1
tx
r337
1
i
aq
335 235
UT 23 6 TV
i
sq xj aj
73 9223 9273
f
t
S
0
i0 j
1I
z i 11
h1 ca c2
as 6s g5i gai 0 C L v 2 F 25 15 ftgrt 5
i
y
1I
Z
0
ht
t
j
1I
G
111
k
VI in
1
t
s
RZ
1
tn
1
it
to be an ore 04 of copper
but was
much more
also had a single groove
finished than the rest of the shaft smoothers recovered
the other five smoothers
came from
12
inch high
off but measured
three of the smoothers
with the use area and
all
two grooves
measured
1
earea
the us usearea were
made
down
12
and was made of cinder also
differentiation worked bone bone ation
this
the long axis the
last
all of the
specimens from
smoother was found in the he back
34 3
ch ncli nali
hij
l
the association with the use area supports tle 1 1
site
common worked
moundo woodard boundo mound
12
inches wide
specimen had two grooves
bone
artifacts are
except for the bone knife recovered from 42ut2q 42u1293.33
at the
1
widey and wide long JU iong inch inches longi widel 34
by use within the he
the most
wide vido inches wido
the other smoother from the use area
of cinder
hoe trench and measured 1
14
calno calne caine
close association
of them were
inches wide and 1 inch high
on and one each side also aiso alsos
1
these of those
cr had the second shaft smoother smooth
respectively
one on each side
34
came from
two no
were broken
and 1 inch to 34 high 3 inch inh
one
the woodard mound
from the surface and had the end broken and
the long axis
down
awls
ail 0of ali all
came from
ahe 1he
the excav-
the bone therefore will be analyzed in
fcenns
on to very a manner and the used area use structure that the similar in of
ceramics
the preponderance of bone tools that suggest
animal skins also suggests the dependence on wild
ture
and
emont fremont that the fr
economy was very
much a
game
much work
with vith iril lah
tor as well as agrical tarlieux agricul lieut1
subsistence situation
.1
bip bi
subsistence in the sense that the agents of production and consumption wee most probably the same individual
5
ka s awls aris rris
these are the most
common
and are of three general bone impliments implements arid
university field class recovered
6 67 196667 1966 the 19666 brigham yound
classes eg egorieg ories orles co orieG eaorieo
ohe the ale ele
first
fit
42utilo which site 42utllo
bone aw awls awis Is from the hinckley aels
these
caic throe three thre cat
same
category has the joint of articulation for a handle handie
split
the second has the joint
henele nd le mje make and ground to m J e a handie he handle hendle handie
e spare splinters cire roni fron that have been broken ffrom tire rori long iono lono lona bones
to types the similar birdia sirdia
set sel 1
up by gunnerson
hld classes ae and the
these
i
and de bloois bloods hloois
1957
i nid hid ald 1I I1
0 197
1
J
at
none of the awis I were mound whole so the whoie awls hound avis recovered from the woodard bodard
gie ego wie egories rie edories
established here are figure
GROUP A
uny c ny
26 25
a
little
broader
specimens
5
these are long rounded and highly polished tips of what appear to be deer or antelope me metapoidals adoidals
none
of them appear to be
splinters as they are very thick with very
little
cann cancel loub cancelloub cancellous ious lous ellous
s sue tissue
12 range ange 12 to 14
length
range 11 3 broken eli all ell 5
dul
abi abl all broken ali sll
4idi aidi dui
figini figii figure le
GROUP B
26
these are short gar ear ezr to be ccancellous mioellous
1112
flat
bones as they tips of bison or deer long dones
tissue
and have
A
broken
range 1
broken
range
were
elower from lower ri the th fron f
square one ureg areg structure struct stract
3
they
ribs
12
to0 11
inc
1
4 inches 34
31
maximum man maa mum
came and they both use area the with associated
level just
above the
the other three awls two
y to
show muh nuh
slightly curved cross section
all all
cyp type type
inch
fragments that are not well poli polisher
length
two tvo teo
inch
isicc ificc
been made from bison
A
1
specimens
2 12
may have
r aa wiclth 1a lth alth
to
assion depr depression the ssion in of floor
type
A
were
with eith th the url associated wri
of them found just above the floor of the house
126
1I
A
1I 1I
A
ra r1 w
c
B
E
D
A
Q 11
A
n I 1 1
I
1I
1I
NJ
H
G
F
BONE AWLS AND FLAKERS
FLAKERS
AWLS
A
E
F
G
H
TYPE A TYPE B
J
figure
26
1I
TYPE A TYPE 13
17 7
one
flat
awl was found
other one
came from
in the upper level of square five
the back hoe trenche trench
and the
most of the awls then were
associated with the structure type this of
Fl flamers akers flalcers flakers
artifact is represented by
appear to be punches as the
tips are too broad
two
and are
types
they
do
not
heavily scarred from
use 1jroup GROUP
figure
A
quite short
it is
58 58 inch
figure lfigure
is
type this
26
and appears to have been
very heavy and wide
inches
31
width GROUP B
specimens
3
like in configuration is chisel chisellike
type this
length
2 27
two broken specimens
two broken specimens
are
1
38
and are gig 916 9l6
uad and aad
12
1
12
inches
inch wide
mens specimens Meci mecl
3
rounded and
fairly
heavy
it
appears to have been made
from heavy bison bone fragments
all all
length width
12
broken
range
3
broken
range
58
flakers all of the flamers
come from
to
to
1
14
sl
the ia s
11 lal1
1
V
inches
inch
the use area and all but one were in clos
association with the floor of the depression of square one
18
the odd one came from
level
one
were seems awls to used within dence the evidence the eyl efi indicate that eri
cers kers
wh t 4
yere uwere tere
used in the use area
this indicates that
the skins were handled inside while the stone tools were ere manufactured outside
the numbers of projectile points would seem to support this hypothesis bone and
one
shell beads
historic glass bead
came from 42u1326 42ut326
10 specimens came from
seven of the
the woodard
mound
prehistoric beads one
olivella
sp
and
bead
canyon type was and mussel the creek kimball shell of in
3
figure f aure iure inre lure
GROUP A
2271 31 specimens
long lon lonsla tubular bone beads made from bird bones highly polished ends rounded by grinding
length
mean
16 range 1 to gig inch l6 inch 716 916 2732 9l6 la
width
mean
olg 316 016 3l6
GROUP
figure
3
2 27
inch range
14
to 532 inch
e specimens s 3 sa cimen aimen s2
alq smoothed bone discoidal small washer like beads made from bird boneq bonea ais als discoid
edges often rounded edges
length
mean
width
mean
figure
GROUP C
18 inch olg 316 016 3l6 inch 227
olivella bead of
range 532 to range
14
to
18 inch inch 516 5l6
1 specimen
unknown
gingg slight stringing species top removed for strin
bluish tinge but bleached rare in fremont length width GROUP D
12 14
inch inch
figure 271 27 221
2 specimens
eg perforated shell disks very thin one very curved surface surfac the other
slightly curved
pig
outside diameter
16 mean 716 la l6
inside diameter
mean
inch range
38
to
12
inch
ll6 lla
to ran inch 116 inch rana 532 ran3 732
strue ture and use area three the beads were divided evenly between structure being found in each area which are common
bead
is discussed
none of the beads had any decorations
farther north at the hinckley site under miscellaneous
artifacts
the glass
129
TO A
C
li
b
lyh
byh
E
D
S
G
F
H
0
1l
1
P
m
0
N
L
L
MID min
R
BEADS AND GAMING PIECES BEADS
ap b9 C ba ga g9 Es d9 da G
H
TYPE TYPE TIPE TYPE TYPE TIPE
GAMING
J
TYPE TPE A nq aq pq M N aq Q ma TYPE B L 0 m9 P 09 19 R C S TYPE ra r9
A B C D
TIPE E
PIECES
figure
2 27
K
10 130 ijo ico
i
bone gaming gaining
but are
pieces
these are somewhat
objects in
common
in the southwestern sevier
much more common
and
provo area the
uinta regions C
there are four characteristic types outlined by ambler 1966 and his system was followed somewhat gre figure fig are 4re
GROUP A
2 mecim specimens ens hecim
27
these are square bone gaming pieces which are fairly thick undec-
orated bone scars on bottom side length
mean 1
width
mean
figure fi re
GROUP B
inch range
same
1116 inch range 34 to 58 inch 6 ppec penns opec specimens menns
2 27
rectangular bone pieces thin undecorated
show bone
scars on lower
side
length
mean 2
width nidth eidth
mean
figure
GROUP C
range inch ilg 116 ll6 lla
3
12
to
range to gig inch 916 1532 9l6
1
14
inch
38 inch
2 specimens
2 27
gaming punctuate and designs rectangular incising decorated pieces in rectanaular 0 co
similar to dominos length
mean 1
width
mean
these gaming
58 38 inch
inch range
linguistic stocks
to 112 inch
range same
camling pieces are for a gamling
mined by throwing of dice
game
34
1
game
in which
tribes of
such games are found among 130
there are
two have the dice faces
two
but the idea
is
in
distinguished by color or markings
bowls or baskets
to gain
commual coimnual such games are communal colmnual coim
all affairs
30
and counters for the the dice essentials
achre on the bottom side the plain dice have traces of red ochre rojin by hand or thrown th rovin
is deter-
number
of
they are either
many parities are vari there varities ties in counting
the counters thus ending the on a dual
some
game
organization basis
in general
culin
1907 igo 190
131
unfired clay objects
figurines
and one fragment of what appears to be a
these objects
figurine FiR urine
the only objects recovered in this class are
A
the woodard
came from A
slate figurine
mound
rear
this figurine is carved
incised slate and
therefore
cluded here due to
its pertinence to
it
of
which has the appearance of an arrowhead
when observed from the
urines
all
clay coil
it
is very unusual the
and
is in-
ig of the ffig-
rest
has two incised horizontally incised lines
across the lower body and three across the shoul derso shoulderso shoulders upward
projections
like tangs appear to
are incised and the nose holes are
and eyes
drilled
the overall shape is the basic triangular figure
square two ne fijzuri figurine I
B
be nubbin arms
the mouth
seen on fremont rock art rockart
1
two
partial
this figurine
was found in
level 1I use area association
that has
head with coffee bean applique eye
tral punctate and the nose
hair is carved
on
a cen-
the side of the head
is of the pinched bridge type
no
nostril
holes are in evidence ne figurine biguri figuri
C
head only of
figurine
and
is triangular in shape
is of the pinched bridge type without nostrils is punctate
and
it
also has carved hair but
there appears to have been applique eyes at
the nose the mouth
on both
sides
one time but
they were broken off
biguri figuri ne figurine I 1
D
top of head with only the right eye remaining which is an
applique pellet with pinched without
a
central punctate
nostril holes
the nose is
132
xm am B C
A
E
D
r i
y
v V
V
G
1I
r
1I
7
1
f y
J
hi
1
A
F
i1
xu
ia
H
r
my
J
K E
1
FIGURINES ALL LETTERS
i
correspond
figure
28
TO TEXT
figurine
E
upper one fourth of a head with a slash eye shich shars sho shcrss sr io11 leme herc bere inner seriations i lemo iere the stick
the nose
fii ri
gu ne F F figurine I1
is slightly
kan rauler han rather
was pushed
awn di oiciwn drawn
pinched
basically triangular shaped head with
a pinched nose
are nostril holes with a punctuate mouth
chere there
the eyes are pun-
ctate otherwise the head is undecorated figurine
G
flaring base of
H
figurine with
no
decoration or elaboration
typical flattened cylinder
of form
figurine
a
central portion of
figurine which
a badly eroded and broken
appears to have had the right shoulder twisted about 10
it is
degrees towards the front
very
flat
with no evidence
of decoration
figurine 1IL
central portion of body of what appears to be urine urine
nubbin legs protrude from the base at
te
to vie which figure tie
is
very cylindrical
a
seated fig-
right angles
there is
no r dec
aion alon ora lion on the body oration 1
6
figurine J
strange
Y
shaped piece of clay which looks
anglers doer deer antlers like
this object is 58 inch high and at its widest point is 78 inch several small straight objects very similar to this were accidentally destroyed zoormorphic figurine for a zoomorphic
during the excavation
agment fragment fr adment
K
undecorated long piece of clay which has no distinguishing
features may
it
rather be
does not seem to be a figurine fragment but a
piece of rolled clay from the coil pottery
making process
the only complete figurine provo figurines
A
at the hinckley farm
had the typical shoulders found on
it
should be mentioned that the
40
134
ta
t&
ne
PROVO urz RL uru uku
ukftt 14
0
Go
7
wut na recz P PR n7 arfetfeT
1I
i
on R
B
elft PP
1
ngh HGH
eL W alft
4
4
DC sjcul 5oudfev3s sicul
prfet ftfe Ft fR ftfr V
L
L
teh
TRH tem TRAITS ITS
nong tong NONE tone fone
0
C
ewa ewe REA
H
C
10
F
t
s as fs qhsc
amm AIM ft hin
CW LA C
N
06coftty CC
too
aarl omi 0 tz aart ori cri
panch pinch plnch 0
1
11
7
PUCTPT
0
0
SLH
IS
7
appt epippt pei
C
0 C
0
lt
0
onctfttc
C y
poncthtg 0oncthtc A Is SH
iftts
11 fbftts ifa C ift
1I
2
t
v
J
0
1
distribution k
T TS
S Ms
r ra
ys ca ene een efe A IA Z f0 cl fa I
J
ur
14 UT 10 PAD ond oad
1I
3
0
VS QE
NC T ATC
U
osc 0
skya R SVYA
s
15
21
N
I1
hli hll L tj &l al hig ahli 14
v
lk
OF FIGURINES
note contrast in numbers
13
e
67 recyit ece it 19 196 196677 field class at the hinckley
of figurines which increases the
more fragments
site to
42utll3 42utlld recovered 14
mound
that
known number from
ne s with the additional information on the sevier figura figurines
34
provided prodded by
de
from nephi
a
77 bloois aloois 195771 19577177 19771 1977177
statistical
who
ciori analyzed the foote coile tiori collection
comparison could be made to place the A
gos goshen ien
provo sub area figurines within the subarea
have hane hare
louldersg sl towards pudency shoulders applique and slash eyes pinched ards ndency tw
len
r
noses
goshen figurines the 1
elaborate or plain bases punctate mouths and presence of
hair fron the data
on
trait distributions chart
the
on can see at ona sevier areas one
a glance
that
provo tine the
characteristically shouldered with decoration found of
anra tnra th3
breasts
figurlric ce f 1gurirx s are on the low acea area
appliques eyes have slash and applique1 applique
body have pinched noses
have very few
provo prov of the brov
1
mid wid and
on esq are hanc the other the sevier figurines hnd ess and figurin 1
1
tin
hcive scive body rl non high area decord predo licu decora with shouldered itly iicd decordtin decorati him decolati
more body
punctate noses applique
eyes
and
provo prove proee breasts than the
ss figurines figurin goshen the
figurines
seem
to have more of the sevier ch character chiracter iracterz
naa aih ones zhan hinckley but than dle die uie the hii hll hih ur this t is lan laa istics istas istls goshen u by valley with connected predominately kith oriented sevier is is ith a nat only nal icpli urai pli natural ural acs Ic
carren4z creek current
provo prove type the tle
one goshen ohe the
nau ent
cs
however
bi
cully cally bicully
bwn
awn Do boundry doundry foundry turn the undry indicates that this in
lies
also indicate
this cence conce c on of the flonc florescence florc
a
of a ay
substantial time difference
two sub divisions subdivisions
it
the
ifostiuitial liu ostant ostantial tai ial tal is 1y statistically statistical quite differ-
along long ridge and
a apart ara few only miles ar3 ar5 sites may nay
to loo
seem 1I
provo prove and sevier areas naw nal u e
figurines
do
10 0
may way also indicate nay
neon beid aeon besl bell between 4
tti
tori toritrl tsi trl tri
jC
e li of differences differ
chi th zhi thii
t rajt rjt jt
jaies liese s ites jies
E
sine
a
rices
ci
t
olen sec people such as occurs in seo oien tary linage cyse sedentary oientary dyse lyse j
ec
e c oppose gose pose
c
tht
uo
unat a anat the froanonl were fjnont of seiientai finont k
2ro rocur a CcUr hc hocur
athe ays cy lalee gencrzl 1 ayq the figural alq ithe figurlaie
in
do dilo Sli sii oi sil
AL
lhrlhout le run ran U ith gu bhe e IL n e 1 11 s n 0 the s fan figurines fanellon figurinej r ej Llon in fanllon t i iin i still lion i liol f ffigurin
universal
clctrl ie
fi iont area but tlthere laere are regional variation
eho cho che
qinont bont lont
tom
t
tah do ey ub ab aass t1h they doubt
e
11
vr cee a e n se few case in ffee ca
i
appear to have ueen cc s a beligio gio been meil mell significc rcc significs than religions fcc of signific rather dolls dio dlo ben religio reli
it
ic
was found sound bby
known
fl urine flurine flarine
moy noy anade a zoo inade were zoomorphic r h lc shapes as wdmai atimal that animal
the 19666 667 field class that 662 6 6 67 1966 19
figurines from the
some
cj on matheny persona personc were person kte placed coroiiunicali clay plugs personcj hinkley hin olte site Ii and that rienie f tlle he figurines ara made of stone which vaich ieh is a tedio ich leh alley klley 0
tag ji2 ohe tae jia e specialize the associations have not been with any kind of specjl
proceso process pr icess
rtytres
ce ceremonial cere inonia cereinonia remonial
sho nor have the figurines f
jn edm elm
r
1
crb eye eyb arb
any high
specia1 specian apeci speci special pili pie specia care beyond being collected and placed together in cache piti pit n1
these VL
were garbage to decayed usually with garbag barbag plts filled alts tyle seem para seen domical associations itie itle paradoxical the alsociations i dorical sciations seel seei
cacci i cacli
1
utah lake
spy spa mcn man yiisce specimens mis cohl cehi Us els coll cinus sp3 eis
one bol poon arpoor boi poor ar boneP harpoon armoor 1
11
jn square two tuo of tthee tdoodard wod&rd ule uie single bcrb barb r one hird the 2ieuilrd lb
C
ion lon
an
hicl c uicll
3 therb ther thei
1
14
1 14
point
see figure
it
1.1
tampers tempers tapers
azy hay the hat hzy
30
cile clie shaft the sha ft
thee shact shaft shaf
m dovm doam way dov doi
1
uno une bho came froim tho LJC loc from froin fron bhe
objects objects of
reat to a point in the rea read
ang angie ingle 30 degree le and decree angle
a girl type cini have been simular ciniilar simllar ilar
is
6 3 10
but bul
lln
reported fron the freinont9 freir ont but thy lut the
rr ce
bin bir
lcr3
la of an knel inel incl inh
UL 42 M 2n ne one bone knife from cx 42u1253 object fro fron like knifelike
bi
j acl lcl n
zahie zabie
L
s
is
7 3
a ho wear from 0 zable hatting low hafkin czin inside sid of siens haftin ahle ahie hiew blew hlew zab sins csidrable
are
very are retoy reily
1
plo 116 fio ind hound
inch in diameter
ma trl parlo tri harb sticks out at a barb
zex
r h rib rih fi fl
r- rrhu 1b rib
i
whi uhl ch which
o rk e c e i i vvo hhass be worked beon been 0
ddow 0w 1
an
pyant n n e a pylnt to t 0 fine t fi i
it
appears to bj
it i
1I t
sr
1I
ke2 kea ker
102 107 137
A
B
ANEOUS MISC miscellaneous SPECIMENS
A
HARPOON
B
KNIFE
C
STONE SQUARE
figure
30
t
bi but bit
it
ha 10 los
ly
di
az ht ijtt iott
bt
ground round
above of punctate liko breed the bre ilko holes like drilled hoies ilke just hols hois
row
ilhns ilens
long to the break and
n not ched poliched polished poli
hictor woodard mund
see figure 30
artifacts
c historic
were excavated
in the upper levels of the
t process pil digging the in the test pi of pic pis
obje these jobje objelss
C
nllj
were non nen ron confined ronfined 1 o square na 11 fined to ronftnei 40
none of thle tlle the
78
surrace ace lb acs the surr surface surf
tride iride inch wide
s materials maleria materia
sa and glado gla5o aldier gl cartridges of leathar leather le bits s6
seem to be
pro historic materials pre prehistoric
except fc
to sirnellar and glass the beads plains similar sirellar plairs trade of is si cd rellar and amea mountain areas ved hed zed bright inch red diameter areas the bead is 116 ilg lee in is ll6 lla t mound could have ben used by pre withI white the ules wi prehistoric velte veite historic or historic utes a gins gib gis
whirh bead which whlh
z
4
1I
1
trade items photographs were taken of two collections from goshen photographs
leclon
1the e
most nost
pertinent tinant Per
co was Jdeclon collection le clon cion
4281245
her collection contained about 200 projectile points of all
1I
yp369 fifteen ttyps typi tapi
tates
me merates metates metakes rates
one
kia L iab kli kii knlves kalves ia3
stone axe axe tone axes
that
mrs of
T
white
who
ed f collec collected callec
r
1
0 o zmanoss twenty or so mmos sev nral amos searl sevrl
seven sinkers sinker
pendantsq pend ants and three stone disks with pendants several pennants
mion nost interesting part of the colle the most alon aion tion collation colletion
allied centrally dr llied holes drilled cype cyre v e points were ffire widi long wilh widl poinc wich
parallel flaking angostura like
these points poinds are very long and well bo to
G
4
made
forms
Iiil iiil
one smaller one looks icil
a folsom type
okelberry Okel burry the ether other collection was that of ned okelburry around the lake vrell weil as the valley laka as well
imately
400
points
100 knives
fc to appear be Fremon fremont or
later
any proven prover provenience dence maintained denee
the collection
and about 15
drills
his collection
was
who
collect
s collects from
c ampro appro approxcontained
materials rials all of the diate not typed nor was
139
one square stone
found
42ut3o6 at 42ut306
2
a house
inches
by 2
14
inches by
cluster at genola
inches was
2
and of unknown
function
this artifact is very similar to one reported by debloois 196784 he speculated a relationship with the stone balls but this seems doubtful one stone
current creek
6
disk
was found
at
42ut299
inches along the long axis
short axis and 12 inch thick grinding pigments rounded by grinding
this
may
a 4
hunting
camp on
34 inches along the
have been a
palette for
the edges are percussion flaked and slightly
its
function is
unknown
upper
nli-
140
CHAPTER EIGHT
discussion
pattern abent aent lenient set jgjttle
it
could be said that the majority of the
all
close association with a source of running water
sites are
of the fremont
along or drainages are springs to next constant creek clusters hour hoc lusters c hous
9
i
M
this indicate
to flood plains of creeks
ri quite
rather rigid choice
a
ji midence upon good as a source dependent which dence waer of rjidence is midence wer ridence
quiz guli
C
fi
r
built
wheye where
unlnoa unkn3 comparison of to the in sites 2397in
c mps amps 1I
indicate
s
0
iri irl lri
while rnoing to new locations 1119 iao illg lao
t3ch tach icues iches irrigation t achicues irrigatio ticr tkr a ha wolf fare far
ii rigation
r today
lard
the
i wb 1jrrent obi creek irren t crek
prg
T
pst calpst good or eie ele elc elf
the y
As S
t
thac tillage thatt village id d
b
j
are clon tion llon affidi affail affili affil
1 f
1
ike in the winter ar arf 2
oneers oreers onders unknown
re the hire
heye hiye hi
nd
it anial cinal andai andal
rare
resources resource
ahey hey
e
hl
camp
cluster
and the clustering clusterin clusterii ii
appear t
more
wherever the
to otec lection otection lion tion llon tection tec
nacey nalcy natura natur naturi naturl
dunes duner c
co cc of five houses three house cnits caits its
c iitustcr tuat ai were
or aall aill of ali 1
pla plain in th on the fflood lood pia yth ich ith
1
fer oze fonejr fonej mentloncj ac oree the size f structu ment 1c or struc tu
hz
T
p
I1
to be used in this
ar
being
a
site
42ut293
reek which could be
and whi wh h appe
recordej deJ re recor recorded dei recordel cordel
hi was
south
1
tl area aross acoss aboss t
mound and 42llt338 42it338
1
dic die caL calest lic
sn 1 11Lic cures tures into
f
flat
large
with sub sirila
argr ng by the arly ariy narl aarl
C A
ce for canals or
1
which are found farl far
t
ie
r
4here chere here sub surface subsurface
CI
tiar tier
1I
ayea located in area
e no ev and occurs option occur there is raily rally tat ratrslly ration occur1 rat tation
ti
761
7617o 76170 76.1
the transitory nature
elu the emphasis on hunting crr elg el ell s
were the village sltes sites all sils
f
affiliations
2397 239 23.9 239 ils lisis
I
1
structures that ini this stress also irdlicaltr cit lri iricit iri campmany cru re fremont water was available th ihcrt therl crl erl
for horticulture
anly were jnly wer only
s
it
is re-
t
a
indicat site indican
have exploited
ily ily ly
lakec the la
i
141
fish while practicing limited horticulture
As
pointed out
by
green
80 appears 196479 to have been the center for the popula19647980 utah lake 80utah
provo sub area tion of the subarea
peripheral to utah lake county to 338
along great
salt lake are known survey the increased this sites in utah and
that sites
of which a great number are of fremont
affiliation
conclusiono settlement intensity alone would tend to support this conclusions conclusion
the other
considerations are the ecological setting of utah lake in the area west
it
of the wasatch front
it
perineal streams feeding in aboriginal times
fruits
berries
body of
fresh water
a few
miles away
goshen valley and
source of agate chert
etc
of the lake and near goshen
and has
the lake abounded with trout and suckers
not to mention the abundance of
the wasatch front just and
is the only major
game
birds and deer
has abundant game and wild
gintic are mountains tintic
a major
cedar valley west
available for tools
has abundant pinon trees which could be
harvested every few years so far only a very small portion of the
areas have been surveyed in utah county
better house
there are
still
and campsite
vast areas
canyon jordan along the spanish fork river hobble creek San santaquin taquin
river
and lake
flats that are untouched
no survey has been made of
the peripheral areas of the lake bottoms which has indications of yield-
sites
ing aaste vaste numbers of
oont should be many fremont frem Frermont should contain much
it in that
due to
cedar valley is untouched and
goshen valley are late large the in that sites
of them contain some foreign trade wares which appear to be
of anasazi derivation AD
sites there too
late ute but there
historic ute material
would appear
all
most of them are probably
1I
would place these
their ceramic indicators alone
sites
around 1050 to 1150
arlic crlic
edg thirty three cconfined surveyed of the sites survey l ned
indicators
1
th ce of thee 279 loz 2792 cf these were village sites 102
clust rj 27522799 275229 275279 328 t
322
27
and 336
3339 333 303
2809 280 .2809 2809
286 2939 282 2861 2829 293
284 2859 2849 285
281
2979 297
299
ooo 0009 3009 300
301
one was a cave
site
288 2949 294 288t
298y 129 298 329
296
eighteen
and 338 033 303 308 333
3069 306 006
werg wer wet 9 hru 3Y 30 309s
30 307
ye and gleven eleven sieven sleven
104
tthy ttyY
p
ind vere used iii iuded in the comparisons as different criteria were included ivt inn mock moek personal communication analysis azia aria lysis aila chie chic rnic 105 idt
S
1
breaking the data
ivr
A
V
7
down
w le
p
eav cuc the cvc cac cus
and 337
.7 7
L
4
gshr
gash gahr r valdey hi with main vailey valley areas within four
into
bellowing tie fellowing fellowing information tle uhe
KIMBALL CREEK
UPPER CURRENT CREEK
prove 161 provo 306 sevier
provo prove 750
332
34 32 3432
seer
6524
1 drle drie brie ivie iele lele creek 1 unknown
376 sevier seeler 142 aal 3al lake sait salt
21 21.21 .21 21 21
nl503 nln
1 tenperlecs unknown 5 uran urkn im
9997
97 99 99985s
7
29.51 2951 3
10000
loo 100 00
1
LOWER CURRENT CREEK
provo 837
6147 20.126 20126 20.12 2012 11.67 1167
274 sevier 159 salt lake 18 uinta e 1 53 ivl iviI creek 16 tempel temperless less
djs ijs As
wio wic
would be expected
389
389 3e89s 3.89 117 1.17 117 lel7 lela 51 51.51
salt
gray lake
pass quin joins oins utah valley santquin cuin santacuin
is
more
ccommon nunon
very hilgh high che the verry
.99
62 82 62 6.2
st
249 3373
100i4
2
sevier sevie sevle salt lake
31
17oo14 170014
3 Santa Sant
r
provo 93 98
1.32 132
iv
7 unknown
GENOLA
os gag 9a9
the in tho bao lao
C
i
psrcrt
1
ar
cf
S
sl
ry potte anet as en cn pottery from to done c mysis by anal anel the notte due analysis the 1s l ysis primarily f kok dale hiie dile rol roi liie is yao mao ylo mok eok k
cave spotten c aten sprtten tten si sic slu sll
rj
and
his criteria
ganola gcnola showed the following
a cates there that this ird is irdcates ind
th
s
btc bac
are different
much
provo prove 42 421
one ohe the
single site 1I clas bifid ifid sevier sovie
41
y
and 17
gra 7 gray percent ge greater percentage of salt lake graj
gray se ay a ner percentage much greater aer re gion gloh sevien rrjgion of gich but also sevier aiso siso G
m
lands
salt lalo laio
gre figure the percentage circled 0on fi
32
are the
fiihr fiizr ekr
t in li
1
f
uljij bield
143
CERAMIC BEARING
SITES IN THE VALLEY
exa exagerated gerated scales exaggerated
figure
31
144 H
iciey kaey icley k1ey
1
hinckley
1 35 I
24
C
10 lo
a a ar
Y vie r 10 dower lower dover lo Y r en 0current gif 611 creek 61
er
2
t
gioa aj27
gaoa gloa a
ge- a genola
2j 44 42
41
uppe appe upp upph rene rent current ulph oa carrent
ci Cz
e
CQJ 8
1
all ali
mbail mb Klin ekin elin klimball klinball bali ball 65 65
55
up r area upwr upor 299
provs type prov pros
type sevier
hinckley
hinckley
j
4
35
T
N N
1
i
lower
ower lower
r
current
arent current rrent creek reek
creek
1
12
1I
7
1
vy y
genola ab sent absent
gebala gejala la
G
60
17 1
ren cergurent 5 ran
kimball crocrtc cr
U
eek creek creeks
ya y5.55
11
v
upper
rent current k biek crek ciek cne t 5 A
salt
tte
types other all
lake type 1I
CERAMIC CERAMI
distributions
THE E V WITHIN TH EY VALLEY
figure
32
by types
v
1I
145
the
site in
fit
analysis modified slightly to
mock
provo
is
the percentage
my
criteria
at the hinckley
gilsen gil sen 19670 gli 1969
up to 35
K leball the sevier ceramics are heavily weighted to towards ands iball creek which ards ki lnball
is
a pass
directly into the sevier river regione region
As
could be expected nephi
influenced upper current creek less than did the sevier river on kimball creek but the influence from nephi
is
noticeable cable in that there noticable noti
lower cr current creek increase in upper current creek over lov
is
more common
genola and at hinckley 35 in
to have channeled
is
a 9
the sevier type
as the nephi influence seems
through santaquin San taquin and into utah valley easier than
down
gosh goshen en into
provo gray has
its
its
drainage and 1I believe
it
would appear
that this
spread towards the city
greatest distribution along the current creek greatest distribution
type
is
provo area within the
gosh goshen en valley region and to the native
provo through santaquin San taquin pass of
through current creek and San santaquin taquin
towards nephi
into the sevier river region
and
through kimball creek canyon
the analysis of ceramics from the woodard
indicated that there
by use but the that it within site differentiation lateral verticallyy stable through time this has a bearing on chronological vertic
was a was
mound
strong
interpretations of the surveyed sitesq sites sltes as
it
1 have reason for that I this is
placed a personal interpretation on dating the house clusters and campsites the projectile points were just as expected from the
outlined by ambler
the points also showed the same
but with greater vertical differences goshen has a very high percentage of and
be
it flat
trait distributions lateral differentiation
note to interesting that is
at manos and leal metates disco metakes discoidal discoidat discoid
this trait goshen valley is not only the center of that
analysed as ambler did in should be analyser
distribution point for the flat metate trait
his dissertation
provo gray but
is the
it
may
1
relationships ambler relation
1966
trait distributions
urle frie areas on urie the basis of
areas
uinta basis
provo
salt lake region
san
and the he rafael swell sevier rivers river these he named respectively the uinta san rafael
the basis for this was an analysis by
traits numerous traits
jene frequency ieno y distributions of 114 leno fre tlene tieno 1
tentative as they shared
differentiate
seperation Provo Sevier sepe the provosevier ration severation and
there
seemed to be
provo was suggested by jones 1961 the
them
green by 1964 on the basis of
styless figurine styles traits
environmental setting of the valleys
to
which centered on the following
conger range
provo and areas
conger
sevier sefler
main divided the fremont up into five maln nain sub-
much
was
little
to
and elaborated
and the unique
of the differentiation used
promontory the influence but recent evidence indicates that in lie
thrust late is still differentiated goshen survey indicates from the sevier and is centered on utah valley the a closer affiliation of utah valley with the sevier region than does goshen but that goshen and utah valley are more closely affiliated than either elther are provo and sevier regions boondry boundry between the the
to the sevier region seems to
lie
along long ridgel ridge
gintic tintic mountains lished as
provo the
promontory
even without the
how
from santaquin San taquin to the
east range of the
yet to west swings be estabto has the border this
provo region appears to have a the
sepe seperated rated by only a few miles sites separated
ky territoriality fairly concrete territorial it territorialit
show sudden
trait
changes which
riv fit rit
their respective areas rather than blend anomic system has been modified somewhat by debloois taxanomic tax the ceramic taxonomic deblois
and
in order that
of survey work
new
we
ideas could be checked and evaluated in the context
each had
slightly different criteria
analysis differed because of this
and our
final
V
the experience at the woodard
it
reporting of excavated materials on the
job
created the need for careful
mound
would appear
trait distributions is carbon dates are needed in radio radiocarbon basis of
that dating fremont sites
a complex and possibly impossible
larger
much
numbers than now
avail-
able so that relationships can be solidified
in a general
way
goshen en valley to the underthe importance of gosh
standing of the role of the provo area has been demonstrated in this paper
the survey has also pointed out the need for exploration of the
surrounding areas
so
that
a comprehensive
the area between the city
could be made
should be surveyed for ceramic indicators
interpretation of the data provo canyon San and santaquin taquin of
the kimball creek region should
river
so
that
in this
ways way
the
be followed up with a survey through the canyon to the sevier a
line of sites could
link between goshen established
after 1I village
be established and ceramics studied
and the borders
Provo Sevier regions could be of the provosevier
goshen many saw more woodard are as jay there in sites
had cut the survey complex
off
and described
more mores
including a
these sites should be recorded and their relationships
to what has been discussed evaluated to
is consistent
several
me
test if the data
from the
valley
148 ibb ibs ins
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Sq
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P OP O
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3
11
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lister
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noe no eey 2 y pp ap
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k
111 he H
l ol
inter
o01
baltimore
H he
195
TR
13
111
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me M
100 9595100
lister rb
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3rdrciir Coin coln cola nd Coia coinpany coiapany coltpany
11958 qc8
R bc
northwejterr te for the northwo
ppo 1l 4 apo 328 311 pp ap 01028 31328 311328 oii oil
qu ty vol american antt anti antiqiy i
11 al
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M along tes ardaelogy of sites fifteen paper P anthropoloc anthropological urrity sity ity of utah ical 3 TT salt lake city
te twe lwe
ursity Ursal
1961
the tipi T alpi lpi
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vol
rangs fdngs of the high plains fangs no
cr
1 sites sltes S
3
part 1I
pp ap
9 3819 38l
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meighs height leighs clement summary S ca gonah paragonah from archecliccrl 1956 excavations at Para university universe versi off utah excavations in iron county utah on Uni universi anthropological papers no 20 salt lake city we W
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noel 1931
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the ancient culture of the fremont river in utah museum 12 peabody archaeology haeo loey9 voi vol kre of american are of the vii 129 vil CL
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3
cambridge
152
william
mulloy
preliminary historical outline for the northwestern plains university of wyoming publications vol 22 no 1 laramie
1958
A
petersen herbert
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1953
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reed
erik
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geol ogy agy of geology blished
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brigham young
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utah
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sharrock floyd phlp phip nephi 1965 preliminary report on excavations at the nephi nuhi site utah special unpublished report prepared for the national science foundation salt lake city W
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0 11933 3
jinlan jian
H ho
early inhabitants of western utah university of utah bullno cityo cilyo lake etin vol 23 city salt pueblo material culture in western utah university Univer of universia sit universit new memeo 28 anthropology series volo mexico medeo bulletin vol 287 voi vol neo 330 albuquerque 1ij no
936 936 9.936
great burg burgau barg caves au regions ancient of the barc tl ancien of ie lake babau ol burau barau 01 salt no noo roo 1c 1160 nae alter washington no an Aae ethnology BuI 116 MCcUl eth ate aaemccul bul bulletin letin
13
ilg
ac
taylor
dee Cco 7 7593 393 T two 9957 5 937 ftemcnt 795 fr encnt 1
history 29
preposition in southwestern their sites no git papers noo ott uit P ah ottah anthropological university of utah anthroj2olo al nd and rnd
T
city salt lake cityc
john wakefield id ldakefie
igi
A
young
wedel
it
and ecology logy of sutra ut study of the plant fc valleys lake sait salt stit gnp unp MS monnon brigham unpublished immigrationo hed immigration before the ils lis
19 1933 191 1
tuh
university
ado ldo Rro waldo an kn 1959 W
introduction to kansas archaeology bureau of american no eano ogy agy washington ethnology e&no bulletin 14
tr 19 19555
tgormingtn wormingtr Worming
H ho
mo M
reappraisal of natural history
A
tureo turee the fremont Cul cultureo cui cultures culture
no noe 1 10 lo
denver
CI I iairmanl chairman 1
denver
museum eura Itis euia
a or department major VL
of
ABSTRACT
this thesis is
a field
goshen anc by tnc author ily lly in
threefold
valley
2
report on tile tiie archaeological the archaeolo 0 ical sites surveyed
valley utah county utah
f ob of objectives 0 j ec ulves lives
1
the survey has the
d s goshen ing survey an ng of in and recording records recordi ino surveying sltes sites ites
a pro providing vidin information on the material culture of the ancient providen providin
ang dinha ana inha mhaoitants 61tants of the valley and
3
discovering whether there was
a dividing
provo and sevier regions line during the fremont occupation between the as outlined by jones anis to tnis this
end
1961
green
and
1964
ambler
olgg tigg 1960 1966
ith seventy four sites are described along with lth the alth
ith an analysis of the material culture in the related material culture with
appropriate sections of the he thesis I
1
L
tnree into enree three main affiliations
cultural material has been catagonzed cataorized
Sho shoni and unknownn shoshoni fremont shoshone
A
ed by food followed loliowed cultural sequence of food collecting ioliowed loli ioli owed by farming follo
collecting was in evidence in the material remains of the valley
the remainder
of the
thesis deals with theoretical developments
and the relationships of the fremont farming sites in the valley to the over-
all fremont culture of the analysis ane tne the
anci ancl the information obtained from the survey ana
material culture
of the
fremont sites lends support to
green jones ambler hypothesis that there was
a divison davison between the
provo and the sevier suo suu on of the sub areas basis trait distributions subareas APPROVED
T
C a irman chairman
atee con u i i I ttee advisory committee adv isory isery 1
A
member advisory con ini4cc commiec commiel r
f
department lent departs chairman major departn