Idea Transcript
Analysis of the epidemiological triad of parasitic diseases and their relation with basic sanitation: an integrative literature review Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto¹, Carlos Fernando Carvalho da Silva¹, Fernanda Maria Lessa Carvalho¹, Weslei Almeida Costa Araujo¹, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira¹ ¹ Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia. Parasitic infections are a major public health problem, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, which are endemic in many parts of the world. It is estimated that there are 3.5 billion people infected with enteroparasites in the world. About 450 millio n people develop some type of parasitic disease and 155 thousand die each year because of them. They mainly affect children, especially those who live in precarious socioeconomic conditions, these rates increase as long as the indicator of socioeconomic conditions declines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological triad of parasitic diseases and their relation with basic sanitation. This is an integrative literature review, based on LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS and ColecionaSUS databases, from August to October 2016. This research sought to answer the following question : "how is it established the epidemiological triad of parasitic diseases and its relation to basic sanitation? ". During the researches the controlled vocabulary were: parasitology, parasitic diseases, helminthiasis, protozoan infections, parasitic enteropathies, basic sanitation, health level, social class. It is consisted of 10 articles, which were selected through submission to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria, analysis of titles, abstracts and exhaustive articles in full. The results showed that the parasitic infections are directly related to the lack of basic sanitation, which was identified as the main risk factor for the disease. Prevalence of parasitoses in different populations (adults in general, quilombolas, rural workers, adolescents and children) were identified. However, the use of methodologies, heterogeneous populations and samples of population bases, which are not so well defined, can influence the different rates found. Helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma sp. And Trichuris trichiura) and protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Giárdia lambia and Endolimax nana) were diagnosed, and the acquisition occurred predominantly via the fecal-oral route. In addition, it was evidenced that the host immune system is an aggravating condition for infection, hyperinfection and parasitization of the parasite. Health education is fundamental to prevent these diseases. Thus, it is concluded that it is necessary to improve living conditions, housing and basic sanitation of differe nt populations. Implementing health education actions minimize the acquisition of parasitic diseases, especially regarding the importance of the use of footwear, personal hygiene and cleaning food before meals. Keyword: Parasitic Diseases. Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic. Basic Sanitation. Health Status Categoria: > Ações Educativas > Epidemiologia e Controle