annual report 2005 - UiO [PDF]

SMN

senter for materialvitenskap og nanoteknologi

ANNUAL REPORT 2005

2005 was the second year of full operation for the Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology. This report shows that our staff and students can be very proud of major achievements with respect to funding of new projects and to excellent scientific results. A main objective in 2005 has, however, still been to implement the priorities set by the board; to organize our research activities in a number of crossdisciplinary projects with a blend of chemistry, physics, experimental and theoretical activities. Our research has high relevance for technology and society. Therefore, SMN emphasizes that its activities within functional materials, micro-and nanotechnology, is directed towards areas of importance for society; energy, environment, oil and gas, ICT and microsystems. SMN researchers participate in a number of consortia that are evaluated as candidates for becoming Centre of excellence or Centre for research driven innovation. We now also look forward to the national research plan on nanotechnology that will come in 2006. I thank all SMN personnel for great enthusiasm and a lot of hard work in 2005!

Helmer Fjellvåg, director

Contact information: Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo Pb 1126 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway www.smn.uio.no

Annual Report 2005

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Content

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Introduction

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Research personnel and competence basis

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SMN research priorities and actions

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Projects

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Education and research training

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Interaction with industry and society

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International collaboration

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Dissemination activities, publications and patents

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Organisation

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SMN’s board and committees

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Highlights from SMN’s research in 2005

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Appendix

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SMN staff

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List of Projects

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List of publications 2005

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Annual Report 2005

Introduction The Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN) was established as a unit at the organisational base level of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 2004. The Centre acts as the strategic unit for the Faculty, coordinating activities within materials science and micro- and nanotechnology. In addition it carries out the responsibility for the University’s strategic program on functional materials and for all UiO activities at the Micro- and Nanotechnology laboratory (MiNa-lab).

of experimental and theoretical work at professionally run laboratories containing the outmost in equipment. The research focuses on fundamental science as well as on application motivated basic research with the goal to produce new materials, components and concepts for energy, environment and information technology. The Centre collaborates closely with research institutes and industry. This helps the Centre to take ideas from basic research of high quality towards innovation, as shown in the figure below.

SMN aims at becoming internationally recognised as a centre of excellent scientific quality, skilled at interdisciplinary collaboration. The Centre emphasises combination

www.smn.uio.no

Fundamental research

Verification of results

Demonstration of results

Product

SMN

SMN/Institutes Industry

Institutes/ Industry

Industry

Main goals are: • Recognized high quality research. Strength gained by crossdisciplinary collaborations. • Good contact with commercial operators and ability to bring fundmental research towards innovation. • Cooperation with research institutions, nationally and internationally. • Good opportunities for education, research training and recruitment. • A hub for communication towards government bodies and society in general. • Solid funding for prioritized research areas, laboratories and advanced equipment.

Research personnel and competence basis 12 professors take part in the Centre in addition to Helmer Fjellvåg, who is acting director. A list of the staff is found in the appendix. The research activities of the permanent academic staff reflect SMN´s research plan. The SMN staff perform administrative duties and teaching at the departments (Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry). SMN hosts an adjunct professorship in nanotechnology. In addition to the permanent staff employed by the Departments, 41 people were employed at the Centre in 2005. The distribution between categories is: 5 research positions, 15 post docs, 18 PhD students and 3 administrative.

Annual Report 2005

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25% of the employees are women. Furthermore, quite a number of temporary staff and PhD students are employed by the Departments while working within the SMN research groups. When master students are also included, the total personnel counts around 100. SMN hosts research activities in four buildings; the MiNa-lab and the Research Park in Gaustadbekkdalen, and the Physics and Chemistry buildings at the UiO campus. The activities of SMN relates to five constellations of researchers (not organizational entities). These represent different strongholds in materials chemistry, catalysis, ionics, solid state physics, mesoscopic physics, physical electronics and semiconductor physics, and define the crossdisciplinary basis for the research. Physical electronics is the prime responsible

for the new micro- and nanotechnology laboratory (MiNa-lab), which is a most advanced facility for research within areas like sensors and new semiconductors. Specialized equipment like SIMS, RBS, and ion implantation are at hand along with a number of thin film deposition methods. Topics of interests include wide band gap semiconductors, solar cell materials, light emitting diodes, quantum dots, MEMS and MOEMS. Superconductivity and mesoscopic physics has

specialised in studies of magnetic characteristics of superconductors as well as on observing and understanding physical phenomena at the meso-scale. The efforts combine experimental and theoretical activities. Based on unique magneto-optically active films grown in the laboratory, they perform direct imaging of flux lines and their movement through superconductors under changing external conditions. The activities are presently extended towards low-temperature thermal imaging beyond state-of-the-art. Catalysis has its basis in preparation of novel

and optimized heterogeneous catalysts, experimental studies of reaction mechanisms and theoretical studies of surface related properties. The research goal is to develop more effici-

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ent catalysts, which at lower temperatures and pressures than used today, can transform natural gas to refined products in demand. A speciality is micro/nanoporous materials. These are designed to allow entrance and exit of molecules of specific size and shape. Solid State Ionics has its research focus on transport of oxygen, hydrogen, and other species through advanced ceramic materials. Of particular interest is understanding the effect and properties of hydrogen in oxides. The technological objective for the studies of electrical and electrochemical properties is to implement such oxides in novel sensors, fuel cells and membranes for gas separation. Inorganic materials chemistry covers a wide range of materials, synthesis and characterization methods, integrated with thermodynamics, theory and modelling. In focus are microporous materials and oxides. Thin film growth by chemical methods is one speciality, growth of nanostructured materials another. Strongholds are studies of the atomic arrangement in materials under operative conditions (in-situ), and of thermal and magnetic properties. The theory activities focus on disorder in materials, ionic transport, electronic structure, optical and electric properties.

SMN holds a large battery of advanced instrumentation and tools for synthesis, characterization and modeling – including the MiNa-lab clean room facility. The overall aim is to benefit from these resources in cross-disciplinary projects where the relevant competences and laboratories are integrated. SMN offers to a limited extent services to external customers. However, the infrastructure is not optimized for such purposes. At present functional materials have a key role at SMN. At the same time, our scientific developements along with new ideas and tools provide a major push towards studies of nanostructured materials (particles, granular systems, dots, tubes, films, multilayers, etc.). This brings a strong nanotechnology component into most SMN research topics.

Annual Report 2005

SMN research priorities and actions The research at SMN is best described in a matrix. Skills in functional materials, nanoand microtechnology form the basis for research on materials and components for energy technology, for oil, gas and environmental technology and for ICT - all based on high quality crossdisciplinary basic research. FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

NANOTECNOLOGY

MICROTECNOLOGY

Materials and components for energy technology Materials and components for oil/gas/environment Materials and components for ICT Basic research, methods and tools

In order to focus the crossdisciplinary activities, the Board has selected six research fields that emerge directly from the matrix. Besides being crossdisciplinary, these activities should involve both theory and experiment: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Catalytic materials and adsorbents Superconductors and magnetic materials Semiconductors and photovoltaic materials Microtechnology Ionic conducting oxides Nanotechnology

SMN has made efforts to strengthen these fields by various mechanisms such as allocating resources to the project “Photovoltaic materials and novel semiconductor materials/ devices” within area (3). Furthermore the Board has prioritized a post doc position to work on Metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), a thin film method that will become available at SMN (MiNa-lab) in 2006. This widely adaptable method supports several of SMN priority fields.

Annual Report 2005

A strategy including budget for SMN´s research within the field of nanotechnology (6) has been approved by the Board. It is recommended to develop five areas that simultaneously should strengthen SMN priorities within energy, oil and gas, environment and ICT. These areas are: catalysis in nanocontainers and on nano- particles; design and synthesis of nanostructures; functional surfaces; mescoscopic physics; nano-devices and nano-sensors. A researcher position working on the project “Three dimensional multilayered structures by nano-coating of nano-crystals” is financed by SMN. SMN competence in these priority fields and their relevance for society have resulted in a broad participation in applications in 2005 for possible Centres of excellence (SFF) and Centres for research driven innovation (SFI). SMN researchers participate in and head three SFF proposals: – Catalytic materials and surface dependent phenomena (Fjellvåg; UiO, SINTEF) – Centre for Solid State and Nano Ionics (Norby, T; UiO, SINTEF) – National Centre for Complex Matter Science (Johansen; UiO, NTNU, IFE) Furthermore, SMN staff is heading one and is participating in two other SFI proposals: – Innovative Natural Gas Processes and Products (Olsbye; UiO, NTNU, SINTEF, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Borealis) – Centre for Micro and Nano Systems (SINTEF coordinator) – Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Technology (IFE coordinator) Decisions will be taken by the Research Council of Norway during spring/summer 2006. SMN benefits from national collaboration through the FUNMAT consortium (www. funmat.no). SMN is the UiO partner in the two Gemini-centres (collaborative instru-

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ments with SINTEF) that so far have been established in Oslo; CATMAT (Catalytic materials and adsorbents) and MiNa-lab (Microand Nanotechnology). SMN has agreed on strategic collaboration with Institute for energy technology (IFE) within the energy area. Finally, SMN is administrating a network of bio-nanotechnology for the Oslo area, with the aim of establishing new collaborative links between groups at different centres, institutes and faculties. SMN is administrating more than 50 externally financed projects and has hired a project consultant to ease the administrative burdens of the project leaders. In order to build close links within and between the research teams, an internal seminar along with social winter events was held at Wadahl, Gålå, in November 2005.

Nanotechnology 21 %

SMN encourages collaboration across disciplines. This is reflected in topics of the externally financed projects. There are different ways of sorting the 53 projects; 22 of them have their origin within the field of physics, and 31 within chemistry. A breakdown with respect to the six prioritized areas; Catalytic materials and adsorbents, Superconductors and magnetic materials, Semiconductors and photovoltaic materials, Microtechnology, Ionic conducting oxides and Nanotechnology gives the following distribution:

Superconductors and magnetic materials 17 %

Ionic conducting oxides 23 % Micro technology 9%

Semiconductors and photovoltaic materials 13 %

Another way of regarding the project portfolio is to distribute these according to the matrix on page 5. Half of the projects are within the field of materials and components for energy technology, 17% within materials and components for oil, gas and environmental technology and 22% within the category materials and components for ICT. 12% of the projects are considered to be pure basic research, methods, tools and theory. The figure below describes the distribution. Others 12 %

Projects

SMNs total revenue was 45 MNOK in 2005. Approximately 15 MNOK was funded by the University of Oslo and approximately 30 MNOK by externally financed projects, primarily by the Research Council of Norway.

Catalytic materials and adsorbents 17 %

ICT 22 %

Energy 49 %

Environment oil, gas and prosess 17 %

At the University of Oslo, FUNMAT@UiO (FUNctional MATerials and Nanotechnology) is one of three major research efforts established in recent years. FUNMAT@UiO is financing 31% of SMN´s projects. The Research Council of Norway is financing 63% and “others” (NATO, EU and SMN) finance 6 %. Others 6 %

Funmat@UiO 31 %

Research Council of Norway 63 %

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Annual Report 2005

Education and research training An objective for SMN is to increase the number of candidates at the master, PhD and post doctorate level. The SMN staff is through the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics strongly involved in teaching the study program MEF – Materials and Energy for the Future. SMN will welcome a rapid expansion of the MEF master programme to include nanotechnology and has for this reason opened an adjunct professor position in the field. In the

initial phase Professor Lars Samuelson from Lund University was hired in 2005. His successor will be appointed during 2006. Additional research training to PhDs and post docs at SMN is provided by the FUNMAT@UiO researcher school (www.funmat.uio.no). PhDs are granted by the Departments of Chemistry and the Department of Physics. The degrees granted in 2005 for students supervised by SMN staff refer to students accepted to study programs prior to establishing of SMN. In 2005, 9 students received their PhD degree:

Name

Title of thesis

Supervisor

Vidya Ravindran

“Theoretical investigations on mixed-valence transition-metal oxides”

Prof. Leif Veseth, Prof. Helmer Fjellvåg og Prof. Arne Kjekshus

Chris Erik Mohn

Prof. Svein Stølen “Computational studies of the potential energy hypersurface of disordered systems — linking structure, energetics and dynamics”

Jens Bragdø Smith

“Mixed oxygen ion/electron conductors for oxygen separation processes: surface kinetics and cation diffusion”

Masashi Sato

“Studies of hydrogen absorption Prof. Truls Norby and desorption processes in advan- (V. Yartis, IFE) ced intermetallic hydrides”

Lenka Hannevold

“Reconstruction of noble-metal catalysts during oxidation of ammonia”

Prof. Helmer Fjellvåg Prof. Arne Kjekshus

Magnus Helgerud Sørby

“Average and local structure of selected metal deuterides”

Prof. Helmer Fjellvåg Prof. Bjørn Hauback

Sean Erik Foss

“Graded Optical Filters in Porous Silicon for use in MOEMS Applications”

Prof. Terje Finstad

Håkon Sagberg

“Micromechanical optical filters for spectrometry”

Prof. Aasmund Sudbø Prof. Terje Finstad

Giovanni Alfieri

“Physics and modeling of point defects in silicon and silicon carbide”

Researcher Eduard Monakov Prof. Bengt G. Svensson

Annual Report 2005

Prof. Truls Norby

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SMN staff is supervising several students that according to plans will be granted their degree in 2006, 9 students plan to graduate in 2007 and 6 in 2008. SMN granted 6 summer scholarships to students to work in the research teams during summer 2005.

Interaction with industry and society SMN is involved in three projects funded jointly by industry partners and the Research Council of Norway (KMB-projects): – High efficiency Si-based solar cells employing nano structured layers (UiO, IFE, REC) – Enabling production of remote gas (SINTEF coordinator; UiO, Norsk Hydro, Statoil) – Coordination polymers as adsorbents for carbon dioxide (UiO, SINTEF, Statoil, Alstom, UOP). SMN staff took part in a number of strategic discussions with industry during 2005, among these meetings with the Association of Technology Industry and the Association of Electro Industry. SMN has furthermore been involved in discussions on how to reconserve the unique Oseberg find at the Kulturhistorisk museum.

International collaboration

SMN has in 2005 made its first steps towards coordinating EU projects. Two STREP proposals were submitted. SMN has joined as partner into one new EU project in 2005 and one Marie Curie training network grant was received (NOVELOX; along with Liverpool and Caen).

Dissemination activities, publications and patents SMN arranged 26 guest lectures, workshops and meetings in 2005 and contributed at more than 60 conferences. 122 articles were published in international journals with referee. A list of publications is given in the appendix. SMN arranged three meetings/conferences: – National FUNMAT meeting, Olavsgaard, January 3 – 5 – SCOOTMO EU project seminar, May 8 - 9 – 22nd Nordic Semiconductor Meeting August 21 - 23 SMN staff filed 6 DOFIs, so far one of which has resulted in a patent application. SMN is actively involved in arrangements like ”Ungforsk”, ”Forskningsdagene”,”Forsknings torget” and ”Astrofestivalen”.

The SMN staff has extensive collaborations with internationally leading universities and centers. SMN has so far signed 4 specific collaboration agreements connected with nanotechnology and functional materials: – Argonne National Laboratory, USA – NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Japan – University of Torino, Italy – The National Council of Research, Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR-IMM, Italy Furthermore, through mutual visits between AIST, Japan (Dr. Owadano; director for energy research) and SMN, steps are taken to build a platform for collaboration in the energy materials area.

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Annual Report 2005

Organisation SMN’s board and committees SMN is the faculty’s strategic tool for coordinating activities within materials sciences, micro- and nanotechnology. It carries the main responsibility for UiO’s research on functional materials and micro technology at the MiNa laboratory. The centre will be evaluated every 5 years. The board was appointed accordingly from 2004.

Members of the Board The SMN board has nine members, two representing the industry, two senior scientific members, one temporary employee, one student, one University representative and one representing the administrative employees. Stein Julsrud, Scanwafer, leader Jørn Raastad, Tandberg Storage ASA Mari Pran, UiO Poul Norby, UiO Bengt Svensson, UiO Øystein Prytz, UiO Øyvind Skovgaard, UiO until 30.09.05 Eirik Ruud, UiO from 01.10.05 Oddvar Dyrlie, UiO Ingvild Thue Jensen, UiO

Members of the Employment Committee for Research Fellowships Helmer Fjellvåg, representative for the academic staff, leader, Andrej Kuznetsov, representative for the academic staff Lenka Hannevold, representative for the temporary academic staff Camilla Kongshaug, representative for the students Mona Moengen, representative for the administrative staff

The Local Health Safety and Environment Committee SMN made a local environment survey in April. The result of the enquiry indicates that SMN is a well functioning centre. The survey indicates however that there are areas for improvement at the SMN: •

•

•

Challenges connected to the leaderships communication, accessibility and handling of conflicts. A minority of employees that seems to be dissatisfied with their work environment Health problems connected to the working environment

Based on these findings, the board passed a local environment plan at the September meeting. Members of the Local Health Safety and Environment committee are: Mona Moengen, representative for the employer Bente Irene Tørnby, representative for the employees

Annual Report 2005

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Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates Lenka Hannevold, Ola Nilsen, Helmer Fjellvåg

Atomic Layer Chemical Vapour Deposition (ALD) Temperature: 3500C

Nanolaminates (multilayers) of TiO2 and Al2O3 were made by ALD.

The morphology is clearly dependent on layer thicknesses

Modeling work was carried out for understanding texturing of ALD grown films

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Annual Report 2005

Spin, charge and orbital ordering in complex transition metal oxides YBaMn2O5 LaBaMn2O5.5

YBaMn2O5.5

YBaFe2O5

YBaCo2O5

Many perovskite-related oxides exhibit spin, charge or orbital order. The difference between related compounds can not be deduced from rigid-band considerations. Extensive calculations were therefore carried out. The ordering phenomena depend strongly on crystal and magnetic structures as well as on d-orbital occupancy.

Effect of d-band filling on spin, charge, and orbital ordering in YBaT2O5 (T = Mn, Fe, and Co) R. Vidya, P. Ravindran, K. Knizek, A. Kjekshus, and H. Fjellvåg, Phys. Rev. B (2006) submitted.

Annual Report 2005

The theoretical electronic structure calculations are integrated with experimental activities, which in addition to searching for novel compounds, focus on tuning of the oxidation states by controlled redox of the transition metal component by means of heterovalent substitutions, soft reduction or high pressure oxygenation.

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Exploration of multiferroic oxides – BiFeO3, BiCoO3, and PbVO3

BiFeO3

Theoretical investigations on magnetoelectric BiFeO3: Structural phase stability, magnetic and ferroelectric properties; P. Ravindran, R. Vidya, A. Kjekshus, H. Fjellvåg, and O. Eriksson; Phys. Rev. B (2006)

Multiferroic perovskite type oxides are considered; the large Bi/Pb atoms carry an inert electron pair, while the Fe/Co/V atoms carry unpaired electrons This work combines theoretical and experimental investigations, and relies on demanding DFT calculations. Tools are developed to calculate ferroelectric polarization using Born-effective charge tensors. Direction-specific and atom-specific polarization components are obtained from this new method. The origin of large polarizations are accurately explored. Structural optimization is performed for different magnetic configurations. The obtained structural parameters agree very well with experiment A non-spherical nature of the lone-pair lobe results from hybridization interaction of Bi-6s states with O s and p states.

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Annual Report 2005

Electronic structure and optical properties of ZnX (X=O, S, Se, Te) • Likely sites for location of impurities identified. • Optical spectra calculated by DFT agree well with experiment. • Optical spectra of zinc blende ZnO, wurtzite ZnSe and ZnTe are calculated for the first time. • Rigid shift can be used to correct the band gap underestimation.

Electronic structure and optical spectra of ZnSiO3 and Zn2SiO4 Major findings: • ZnSiO3 and Zn2SiO4 are formed between Si and ZnO; • Lattice mismatch and generation of diclocations; • Solar cell can degrade faster and efficiency is lower. • Zni formes an intermediate band in the band gap; • Valence band to intermediate band transition of electron is revealed in the optical spectra.

Activity by: S.Zh. Karazhanov, P. Ravindran, A. Kjekshus, H. Fjellvåg, U. Grossner, P. Vajeeston, A. Ulyashin and B.G. Svensson. Electronic structure and band parameters for ZnX (X=O,S,Se,Te). J. Crystal Growth. 287(1-2), 162/168 (2006). Coulomb correlation effects in zinc monochalcogenides. J. Appl. Phys. Submitted, 2006 (Accepted). Ab initio studies of optical properties of ZnX (X=O, S, Se, Te). Electronic structure and optical properties of ZnSiO3 and Zn2SiO4. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B Annual Report 2005

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Oxygen-deficient perovskites: linking structure, energetics and ion transport Svein Stølen, Egil Bakken and Chris E. Mohn

Many technologically important systems are chemically and structurally complex. Although this complexity makes a funda-mental scientific understanding of their properties difficult, it is clear that this complexity is often essential for the properties of thematerials. The present review focuses on order in disordered systems and the consequences for ionic transport.

Figure caption: Minimum energy path connecting the local structures denoted A and B. The evolution of the reconstructive transformation is indicated by polyhedral representations of the local environment at selected reaction coordinates as indicated by arrows. 14

Annual Report 2005

Genetic mapping of the distribution of minima on the potential energy surface of disordered systems Chris E. Mohn and Svein Stølen Journal of Chemical Physics 2005;123:114104

We show that genetic algorithms and energy minimizations in combination provide a highly efficient tool for mapping low-energy minima on the erratic and complex potential-energy surfaces of grossly disordered materials. The distribution of energy minima mimics with sufficient accuracy the low-energy portion of the parent distribution of minima and allows accurate calculation of configurational Boltzmann averaged structural and thermodynamic properties in cases where a small fraction of the minima is thermally accessible. Figure caption: The distributions of potential energy minima obtained using GA and a random selection of start configurations. The full lines and dashed lines represent the results using GA and the random algorithm, respectively. In all calculations 20 000 optimizations were carried out.

Figure caption: The implementation of the GA

Annual Report 2005

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Coordinatively unsaturated metal sites To be involved in a catalytic reaction, the metal atom in a MOF must be freely accessible. In some cases not all coordination sites of the metal are occupied by atoms belonging to the linker. After synthesis, the metal will be coordinated by solvent molecules at these sites. If the framework is sufficiently thermally stable, it is possible to remove these solvent molecules and obtain a crystalline substance with empty pores and coordinatively unsaturated metal atoms, which we have demonstrated for the honeycomb-structure compound Co2(dhtp)(H2O)·8H2O.

P. D. C. Dietzel, Y. Morita, R. Blom, H. Fjellvåg, “An In Situ High-Temperature Single-Crystal Investigation of a Dehydrated Metal–Organic Framework Compound and Field-Induced Magnetization of OneDimensional Metal–Oxygen Chains”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 6354-6358.

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Annual Report 2005

Gas storage in microporous MOFs Pillared bilayer coordination polymers Design of novel bilayer compounds of the CPO-8 type containing 1D channels,

K. O. Kongshaug and H. Fjellvåg, Inorg. Chem., 45, 2424, 2006 Reaction between Zn(NO3), 5-aminoisophthalic acid and a range of pillaring ligands related to 4,4’-bipyridine result in a series of pillared bilayer compounds. The compounds contain 1D channels with dimensions of 3.5 x 6.7 Å2. Water molecules inside the channels can be removed on heating to 150 oC resulting in porous structures, which show preferential adsorption of H2 over N2 at 77K.

P. D. C. Dietzel, B. Panella, M. Hirscher, R. Blom, H. Fjellvåg, “Hydrogen adsorption in a nickel based coordination polymer with open metal sites in the cylindrical cavities of the desolvated framework”, Chem. Commun. 2006, 959-961.

Annual Report 2005

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Mesoscopic flux dynamics in superconductors

Applied Physics Letters 87, 042502 (2005)

Avalanche-driven fractal flux distributions in NbN superconducting films I.A. Rudnev Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 115409 Moscow, Russia D.V. Shantsev Departement of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway and A.F. Ioffe Physico-technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia T.H. Johansen a) Departementet of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway and Texas Center of Superconducivity and Advanced Materials, University of Housten, Housten, Texas 77204 A.E. Primenko Departement of Low Temperature Physics and Superconducivity: Moscow State University, 117234 Russia

We discovered that NbN below 5.5 K has a magnetic instability in external fields, which results in abrupt formation of dendritic flux patterns.

Quantitative analysis shows that the flux structures have a fractal geometry. The fractal dimension varies from D=1.04 at low temperatures, to D=1.77 at 4.8 K.

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Annual Report 2005

Physics of granular and other hopping systems Orbital ac Spin-hall Effect in the Hopping Regime 0. Entin-Wohlman, 1,2 A. Aharony, 1,2 Y.M. Galperin, 3,2 V.I. Kozub, 4,2 and V.Vinokur 2 Physics Review Letters 2005; 95(8) 086603

The spin-Hall effects is extensively discussed in connection with materials and devices for spintronics. The Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions are both shown to yield the low temperature spin-Hall effect for strongly localized electrons coupled to phonons. A frequency-dependent electric field E generates a spin-polarization current, normal to E, due to interference of hopping paths.

Charge transfer between a superconductor and a hopping insulator V. I. Kozub, A.A.Zuzin, Y.M. Galperine and V Vinokur A theory of the low-emperature charge transfer between a superconductor and a hopping insulator is analyzed, and corresponding interface resistance is calculated. This resistance is dominated by proposed electron-hole processed similar to Andreev reflection, but involving localized states in the insulator. The possibility of a new type of qubit where one of the quantum states is spøit between two spatially separated centres is discussed.

Mechanism

Annual Report 2005

We have shown that the crossed Andreev reflection is responsible for anomalous interface magnetoresistance between a hopping semiconductor and superconducting leads (Al, In).

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Nano-magnetomechanics

Langmuir 2005, 21 7518 – 7523

Collodial Crystallization and transport in Stripes and Mazes L.E. Helseth, T. Backus, T.H. Johansen and T.M. Fischer

Guided transport of paramagnetic particles over the surface of complex patterns of magnetic walls was studied. The complexity of the maze-type of patterns was controlled by external fields, and a range of novel phenomena were studied

MagnetoMechanical configuration

Mobile magnetic domain structure in ferrite garnet films can serve as magnetomechanical manipulator of nanoparticles, here suspended in water

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Annual Report 2005

Devices for quantum computation Rabi oscillations of a qubit coupled to a two-level system Y.M. Galperin 1,2,3, D.V. Shantsev 1,2, J. Bergli 4 and B.L. Altshuler 4,5

The problem of Rabi oscillations in a qubit coupled to a fluctuator and in contact with a heath bath is considered. A scheme is developed for taking into account both phase and energy relaxation in a phenomenological way, while taking full account of the quantum dynamics of the four-level system subject to a driving AC field. The effect of the fluctuator state on the read-out signal is discussed. This effect is shown to modify the observed signal significantly. This may be relevant to recent experiments by Simmonds et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 077003)

Annual Report 2005

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Physics of semiconductor nanodevices Spontaneous current generation in gated nonostructures D.W. Horsell 1, A.K. Savchenko 1, Y.M. Galperin 2,3,4, V.I. Kozub 3,4, V.M. Vinokur 4 and D.A. Ritchie 5

We have observed an unusual dc current spontaneously generated in the conducting channel of a short-gated transistor. The magnitude and direction of this current critically depend upon the voltage applied to the gate. We propose that it is initiated by the injection of hot electrons from the gate that relax via phonon emission. The phonons then excite secondary electrons from asymmetrically distributed impurities in the channel, which leads to the observed current.

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Annual Report 2005

Imbedded electronic nanochannels in silicon Vacancy complexes in irradiated oxygen-enriched high-purity silicon The work concerns radiation induced defects in novel silicon detectors for high energy particles and X-rays. The annealing kinetics of the prominent divacancy (V2) has been studied in detail with the DLTS-technique (deep-level transient spectroscopy). A transition from V2 to the divacancy-oxygen complex (V2O) was observed. This observation firmly confirmed a previous, and controversial, assignment of V2O to two electrical levels that appear as V2 anneals. The thermal activation energy for the V2-annealing was measured to 1.3eV. The diffusivity prefactor of V2 was found to be in the range 3 1.5 10-3 cm2/s. The figure shows Arrhenius plots for the V2 annealing. (X refers to the V2O defect.) M. Mikelsen, E. V. Monakhov, G. Alfieri, B. S. Avset, and B. G. Svensson Phys. Rev. B 72, 195207 (2005)

1

We have shown that single impacts from heavy ions generate enough point defects around the ion trajectory to modify the Fermi-level of a Si substrate locally. This is demonstrated by Scanning Probe Microscopy showing nanometer (~50-500 nm) features in the measured capacitance of the surface. The ion induced changes in the local capacitance show a temperature dependence in accordance with the fundamental properties of the different charge states of the divacancy, providing a unique demonstration of the lateral distribution of ion-bombardment-induced divacancies.

Annual Report 2005

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Permanently Implanted Piezoresistive Sensor for Brain Pressure Measurements Ola Sveen and Ingelin Clausen

The neurological condition hydrocephalus normally results in an increased intracranial pressure because of an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. A shunt system may help to stabilise the condition by draining off excessive fluid. This MEMS project aims at developing a system for pressure measurements inside the ventricles. This system is meant for continuous monitoring on a permanent basis. This puts very strong demands on biocompatibility and on the long term stability of the sensor. During the surgical installation of a shunt system, a drainage tube is pushed through the brain until the tube tip reaches one of the fluid filled brain ventricles. Our sensor will be small enough to fit into the tip of the drainage tube, and can therefore be placed inside the brain without extra surgical complexity. Electrical leads embedded in the tube wall will conduct the electrical signals from the sensor to an electronics module on the outside of the skull, but still under the skin. Energy will be supplied to the implanted devices by means of a transformer across the intact skin. Measured pressure data will be read out though the same transformer. In this way a system can be realized without implanted batteries and with wireless readout of measurement data.

Fig: The implanted brain pressure measurement system

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Annual Report 2005

Hydrogen implantation in monocrystalline Zinc Oxide In this work we have employed Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) to study the electrical effects and chemical distribution of H implantation in ZnO. H has been implanted into high-resistivity (~10 kΩcm) monocrystalline ZnO. The SSRM images reveal a decreased resistance as a function of increasing dose in the region around the H implantation depth. For negative tip bias (above 3 V) the reduced resistivity is seen as a band with a linear voltage dependent width, varying from 0.5 um to 3 um (in the measured range). For positive tip bias the images shows a 0.5 um band of reduced resistivity, but with no clear voltage dependency. The nature of the reduction in resistivity and especially the difference between positive and negative biases may indicate the presence of two conduction mechanisms; one controlled by electrons and one by protons1. K.M. Johansen et al., to be published.

Cross section Scanning Spreading Resistivity measurement in an Atomic Force Microscope of monocrystalline (transparent) Zinc Oxide. (Photo: Klaus Magnus Johansen)

Solar cell materials

Ulyashin, Svensson, Kuznetsov, Monakhov

A new double layer passivation structure consisting of an a-Si:H thin film capped by a SiNx:H anti-reflection layer is proposed (KMB project: REC/IFE/UiO), which shows very promising results for solar cell applications (see Fig) (patent application submitted). Fig. Effective recombination lifetimes versus injection level as measured by QssPC on p-type Cz-Si samples passivated by the a-Si:H/SiNx:H stack layer.

Annual Report 2005

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Noble metal catalysts for oxidation of ammonia The extensive reconstruction of Pt-Rh surfaces of catalysts used for oxidation of ammonia depends highly on the Rh-content. Improved understanding of mechanism, defects and role of oxygen as transport agent has been achieved from model investigations that are compared with situations for nets used in commercial HNO3 plants.

Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Etching of platinum-rhodium alloys in oxygen-containing atmospheres. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2005), 402(1-2), 53-57. Chemical vapor transport of platinum and rhodium with oxygen as transport agent. Journal of Crystal Growth (2005), 279(1-2), 206-212. Surface reconstruction on noble-metal catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis, A: General (2005), 284(1-2), 185-192. Effect of a-Fe2O3 surface coating on reconstruction of platinum-rhodium catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis, A: General (2005), 284(1-2), 177-184. Reconstruction of platinum-rhodium catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis, A: General (2005), 284(1-2), 163-176.

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Annual Report 2005

Proton conduction in rare-earth ortho-niobates and ortho-tantalates R. Haugsrud and T. Norby, Nature Materials 5 (2006) 193

High-temperature proton conductors (HTPCs) can serve as electrolytes in SOFCs – an efficient and environment friendly conversion of chemical energy to electricity. State-of-the-art HTPCs are not chemically and mechanically stable. We have shown that acceptor substituted rare-earth ortho-niobates and ortho-tantalates exhibit mixed protonic, native ionic and electronic conduction depending on conditions. Ca-doped LaNbO4 exhibits a maximum in protonic conductivity of ~10-3 S/cm at around 800°C. These classes of materials are stable under fuel-cell conditions and offer, at present, the best alternative as electrolytes in HTPC-SOFCs

Total a.c. conductivity (10 kHz) of 1% Ca-doped LaNbO4 in various atmospheres versus 1/T. The absence of protonic contribution in dry atmosphere, the absence of p-type electronic conductivity in reducing atmospheres, the H+/D+ isotope effect in the protonic conductivity contribution and the bend in proton conductivity curves at phase transformation around 500°C are illustrated.

Schematic H2/air fuel cell with Ca-doped LaNbO4 electrolyte Arrows inside the electrolyte intend to point out proton pathways, including one proton transfer between momentarily close oxygen ions. Note that the fuel needs no recycling and in principle can be utilized 100 %.

Annual Report 2005

27

Experimental and theoretical investigation of hydrogen storage materials

P. Vajeeston,* P. Ravindran, B. C. Hauback, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, S. Furuseth, and M. Hanfland, Phys Rev. B (in press - 2006)

High-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies show that MgH2 undergoes several pressureinduced phase transitions for pressures up to 16 GPa. The high-pressure γ form was stabilized as a metastable phase after pressure release. The experimentally observed structural transition sequence and the volume changes at the transition points as well as bulk moduli are found to be in good agreement with theoretically calculated data. Calculated and observed V(p) relation for MgH2. Structural phase stability and bonding behavior of BAlH5 (B = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) A. Klaveness, P. Vajeeston, P. Ravindran, H. Fjellvåg, and A. Kjekshus, Phys. Rev. B (in press) (2006). The requirements to solid hydrogen storage media are extremely challenging to meet, in particular with respect to mass density of hydrogen and reversibility under rather mild conditions. In order to evaluate as many candidate materials as possible, extensive modeling is carries out. From structural-optimizations using a number of different possible models as input, the crystal structures of several new compounds are predicted.

Structure of Mg(BH4)2.

28

The stability of these compounds are analyzed from calculated enthalpies of formation. LiBeH3 LiMgH3 Mg(BH4)2 BeAlH5 NaBeH3 NaMgH3 MgAlH5 KBeH3 KMgH3 Ca(AlH4)2 CaAlH5 RbBeH3 RbMgH3 SrAlH5 CsBeH3 CsMgH3 Ca(BH4)2 BaAlH5

Annual Report 2005

Liquid Hydrogen in Protonic Chabazite J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 6361. A. Zecchina, S. Bordiga, J.G. Vitillo, G. Ricchiardi, C. Lamberti, G. Spoto, M. Bjørgen, K.-P. Lillerud.

We have studied hydrogen adsorption in a series of zeolites using volumetric techniques and infrared spectroscopy at 15 K. We have found that in H-SSZ-13 zeolite the cooperative role played by high surface area, internal wall topology, and presence of high binding energy sites (protons) allows hydrogen to densify inside the nanopores at favorable temperature and pressure conditions.

Figure 1 Hydrogen gas sorption isotherms on HZSM-5, H-SAPO-34, and H-SSZ-13 at 77 K. (a) 1 × 10-7 to 0.92 bar range. (b) Enlargement of the lowpressure region (in the 1 × 10-7 to 0.006 bar range).

Annual Report 2005

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Methylation with dimethylether and methanol

Methanol and dimethylether (DME) have been compared as methylating agents with both experimental and theoretical methods

Both theory and experiment show that DME is the better methylating agent.

30

Annual Report 2005

Propane dry reforming to synthesis gas

Adsorption of CO2 on basic support materials (MgO, CaO) is addressed by quantum chemical modeling. CO2 is found to adsorb as monodentate on edge sites and bidentate on corner sites of MgO, whereas it adsorbs as monodentate on both corner and edge sites of CaO.

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Building nanostructures from nano-objects To build up nanostructures using a “bottom-up” approach requires good control of nano-object fabrication, and an understanding of the selforganizing mechanisms. We are preparing various nanosized building blocks, e.g. nanocrystals, nanosheets and inorganic nanotubes, and are investigating the possibility of assembling these into nanostructured materials.

J. Yang, S. Mei, S. Quaresma, P. Norby and J.M.F. Ferreira “In situ-templated hydrothermal synthesis of Fe-doped anatase nanorods Acta Mater. (5): 1479-1484 2005 J Yang, S Mei, JMF Ferreira, P. Norby and S. Quaresma “Fabrication of rutile rod-like particle by hydrothermal method: an insight into HNO3 peptization” J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 283 (1): 102-106 2005 Q. Wu, A. Olafsen, Ø.B. Vistad, J. Roots and P. Norby “Delamination and restacking of a layered double hydroxide with nitrate as counter anion” J. Mater. Chem. 44 (2005) 4695-4700. Q. Wu, A. Olafsen, Ø.B. Vistad, K.D. Knudsen, J. Roots, J. Skov Pedersen and P. Norby ”High yield exfoliation of 3Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) in formamide and characterisation of the nanosheets in suspension” Submitted 32

Annual Report 2005

Delamination and restacking of layered double hydroxides Turbidity as a function of ultrasonication time for LDH-NO3 in formamide at a concentration of 10 g/L. The turbidity as a function of ultrasonication time of LDH-NO3 and LDH-CO3 in formamide at concentrations of 10 g/L is shown in the insert.

A layered double hydroxide (LDH) with nitrate as the counter anion (LDH-NO3 with Mg/Al = 3) was for the first time successfully delaminated in formamide under ultrasonic treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that a large part of the LDH was delaminated into single and double brucite layers (0.7 to 2 nm in thickness). The nano-sheets had disk-like shapes with a diameter of ca. 40 nm. Findings from AFM were in good agreement with the average hydrodynamic diameter determined using dynamic light scattering. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of LDH dispersed in formamide also confirmed that LDH-NO3 was exfoliated. The dispersions of LDH in formamide were stable and transparent up to a concentration of 40 g/L. However, formation of transparent gels was observed at concentrations higher than 5 g/L. Delaminated LDH could be restacked by adding sodium carbonate or ethanol.

Photo of gel formed from exfoliated LDHNO3 in formamide (10 g/L).

Results from dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments on an ultrasonic treated dispersion of LDH-NO3 in formamide (10 g/L). Shown is the number weighted distribution of apparent, equivalent sphere, hydrodynamic diameters obtained from the decay time distribution. Q. Wu, A. Olafsen, Ø.B. Vistad, J. Roots and P. Norby “Delamination and restacking of a layered double hydroxide with nitrate as counter anion” J. Mater. Chem. 44 (2005) 4695-4700. Annual Report 2005

33

Appendix SMN staff Academic staff Name

Department

Helmer Fjellvåg, Director SMN

SMN

Sigrid Furuseth until 1.9.2005

Department of Chemistry

Karl Petter Lillerud

Department of Chemistry

Poul Norby

Department of Chemistry

Truls Norby

Department of Chemistry

Unni Olsbye

Department of Chemistry

Svein Stølen

Department of Chemistry

Terje Finstad

Department of Physics

Yuri Galperine

Department of Physics

Tom Henning Johansen

Department of Physics

Andrej Kuznetsov

Department of Physics

Bengt Svensson

Department of Physics

Ola Sveen

Department of Physics

Research positions Name

Situated

Employed until

Eduard Monakhov

MiNa Laboratory

until 14.6.2008

Daniel Shantsev

Dept. of Physics

until 4.9.2007

Alexandr Ulyashin

MiNa Laboratory

until 31.7.2007

Ponniah Ravindran

Dept. of Chemistry

until 30.9.2006

Karazhanov Smagul

Dept. of Chemistry

until 10.4.2007

Name

Situated

Employed until

Spyros Diplas

Research park

31.11.2007

Stian Svelle

Dept. of Chemistry

31.12.2007

Yanjun Li

Research park

1.4.05

Ole Martin Løvvik

Research park

31.12.2006

Yiu Yan Kan

Dept. of Physics

3.3.2006

Hongqi Chen

Dept. of Physics

14.6.2007

Morten Frøseth

Dept. of Chemistry

13.2.2007

Camilla Haavik

Research park

31.7.2006

Yusuke Morita

Dept. of Chemistry

15.3.05

Nataliya Sharova

Dept. of Chemistry

26.4.2007

Reidar Haugsrud

Research park

31.3.2007

Tao Gao

Dept. of Chemistry

24.10.2008

Vajeeston Ponniah

Dept. of Chemistry

31.12.2006

Vitaly Yurchenko

Dept. of Physics

23.9.2007

Lenka Hannevold

Dept. of Chemistry

4.2.2007

Post doc positions

34

Annual Report 2005

PhD positions Name

Situated

Employed until

Anuradha Machina Ashok

Research park

31.1.2007

Marc Avice

MiNa lab

3.2.2007

Thomas Moe Børseth

Dept. of Physics

14.10.2006

Øyvind Haugen

Dept. of Physics

30.9.2006

Yael Yatziv Hercz

Dept. of Chemistry

31.1.2007

Øystein Prytz

Research park

17.8.2007

Annett Thøgersen

Research park

31.8.2007

Christian Kjølseth

Research park

31.8.2008

Karina Klepper

Dept. of Chemistry

28.8.2008

Nalini Vajeeston

Research park

31.7.2008

Klaus Magnus Johansen

MiNa lab

30.9.2008

Arne Klaveness

Dept. of Chemistry

30.4.2007

Jørn Inge Vestgården

Dept. of Physics

30.9.2007

Sanyalak Niratisairak

Dept. of Physics

19.8.2007

Jean-Raphael Martinez

Dept. of Chemistry

31.5.2007

Dörthe Haase

Dept. of Chemistry

30.4.2007

Ashok Pavanje Haridas

Research park

31.12.2005

Ramon Schifano

MiNa lab

14.6.2008

Administration Mona Moengen, Administrative leader Bente Irene Tørnby, Project Administrator Inna Tukh, Accounts

Annual Report 2005

35

List of Projects Project

Project leader

“Photovoltaics and novel semiconductor materials/devices”

Eduard Monakhov

Order-disorder in fast ionic conductors (functional oxides)

Arne Olsen

Wide-energy-bandgap semiconductors

Bengt G. Svensson

Wide-energy-bandgap semiconductors

Bengt G. Svensson

Termisk imaging

Tom Henning Johansen

Novel oxygen (mixed) conductors

Helmer Fjellvåg

Thermoelectric materials

Johan Taftø

Nanocrystal quantum dot memory with hi-k tunnel barrier

Terje Finstad

Hydrogen in oxides

Truls Norby

Quantum dots in silicon nitrides and conductive oxides as antireflection coatings for third generation photovoltaics

Terje Finstad

Syntese av hybridmaterialer med ALCVD teknikken

Fjellvåg/Nilsen

Atomic scale engineering of multifunctional oxide superlattices - a theoretical approach

Helmer Fjellvåg

Three-dimensional multilayered structures by nanocoating of nanoc- Poul Norby rystals NanoNi

Johan Taftø

Synthesis and Characterization of Oxidic Salts as Candidates for Novel Proton Conductors

Truls Norby

Hydrogen as dopant in ZnO

Bengt Svensson

Hydrocarbon reactions over acidic zeolite nanoporous type catalysts: Elucidation of diffusional, electronic and acid Strength effects on the selectivity of methanol-to-hydrocarbons catalysts

Unni Olsbye

Thermomagnetic instability in superconducting films and

36

Decoherence of Solid-state Qubits

Daniel Shantsev

Carbocation mediated hydrocarbon over acidic zeolite-type catalysts

Unni Olsbye

Genetic approaches to complex materials SUP FIN

Chris Erik Mohn Helmer Fjellvåg

Material science and nanotechnology at the NMC-MRL functional oxides and oxide-embedded nanostructures

Terje Finstad

NOV NANO; Novel nano structured materials by chemical methods

Poul Norby

Theoretical modelling of nano materials for hydrogen storage applications

Helmer Fjellvåg

MOCVD; Metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) for synthesis of complex oxides

Helmer Fjellvåg

Annual Report 2005

Gjesteforsker FUNMAT

Helmer Fjellvåg

High efficiency Si-based solar cells employing nano structured layer

Bengt G. Svensson

Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides based on magnesium

Bjørn C. Hauback

H Spec in Oxides State and Transport of Hydrogen Species in Oxides under Reducing Conditions

Truls Norby

Ceramic membranes for hydrogen separation (CERHYSEP)

Truls Norby

EU NOVELOX - Novel oxides with specific magnetic/transport properties

Helmer Fjellvåg

FLEXSYS: Efficient and Flexible SOFC System

Truls Norby

Natural Gas Nato (Mixed conducting membranes of partial oxidation of natural gas to synthesis gas)

Truls Norby

NANOMAT; Materials for hydrogen technology

Bjørn C. Hauback, IFE

Hydrogen-A2: Materials for Hydrogen Storage: DFT modelling of materials and additives

Helmer Fjellvåg

Hydrogen-A2: Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Quantum dynamical and DFT modelling

Ole Martin Løvvik

Hydrogen-B: Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Si-wafer integration

Terje Finstad

Hydrogen-B: Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Quantum mechanical modelling of membranes with and without hydrogen

Ole Martin Løvvik

NANOMAT; Oxides for future information and communication technology

Asle Sudbø, NTNU

IKT-1: Magnetic instabilities in oxide high tc superconductors

T. H. Johansen

IKT-1: Magnetic instabilities in oxide high tc superconductors

Yuri Galperine

IKT-5: Growth of magneto-optical films

T. H. Johansen

IKT-6: Characterization and modelling of magneto-optical films

T. H. Johansen

IKT-7: Electro-optical thin films

Helmer Fjellvåg

IKT-7: Superlattices of Perovskite-like Oxides Grown by ALCVD and Multiferroic thin films

Helmer Fjellvåg

IKT-7: Multiferroic thin films

Helmer Fjellvåg

IKT-7: Superlattices of Perovskite-like Oxides Grown by ALCVD

Helmer Fjellvåg

IKT-7: Half-metallic Oxide Magneto-resistors for Spintronics and Misfit-layered Oxides as Novel Thermoelectric Materials

Helmer Fjellvåg

NANOMAT; Functional oxides for energy technology (FOET)

Rune Bredesen, SINTEF

FOET-A1: Novel proton conductors

Helmer Fjellvåg

FOET-A2: Proton Conductors and Fuel Cells

Truls Norby

FOET-A4: Structure, Defects and Transport in Oxides

Svein Stølen

FOET-A4: Structure, Defects and Transport in Oxides

Poul Norby

FOET-A6: The Database Project

Truls Norby

FOET-B1: Oxides for Energy Conversion

Andrej Kuznetsov

FOET-B2: Wide band-gap oxides as new semiconductor materials for power electronics

Bengt Svensson

FOET-B3: Superconducting wires and tapes

T. H. Johansen

Annual Report 2005

37

List of publications 2005 1. Alfieri, Giovanni; Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, MK. Annealing behaviour between room temperature and 2000 degrees C of deep level defects in electron-irradiated n-type 4H silicon carbide. Journal of Applied Physics 2005;98; 113524 (1-6) 2. Alfieri, Giovanni; Monakhov, Edouard; Linnarsson, MK; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Capacitance spectroscopy study of high energy electron irradiated and annealed 4H-SIC. Materials Science Forum 2005;483:365-368 3. Alfieri, Giovanni; Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Hallen, Anders. Defect energy levels in hydrogen-implanted and electron-irradiated n-type 4H silicon carbide. Journal of Applied Physics 2005;98:113524 4. Amezawa, Koji; Kitajima, Y; Tomii, Y; Yamamoto, N; Widerøe, Marius; Norby, Truls. Protonic Conduction in Acceptor-Doped LaP3O9. Solid State Ionics 2005;176(39-40):2867-2870 5. Anghel, Dragos-Viktor; Fefelov, Oleg; Galperin, Yuri. Fluctuations of the Fermi condensate in ideal gases. Journal of Physics A - 2005;38:9405-9413 6. Avice, Marc Jean Lucien; Grossner, Ulrike; Monakhov, Edouard; Grillenberger, Joachim K; Nilsen, Ola; Fjellvåg, Helmer; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Electrical properties of aluminum oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition on n-type 4H-SiC. Materials Science Forum 2005;483:705-708 7. Aytug, T.; Paranthaman, M.; Gapud, A. A.; Kang, S.; Christen, H. M.; Leonard, K. J.; Martin, P. M.; Thompson, J. R.; Christen, D. K.; Meng, R. L.; Rusakova, I.; Chu, C. W. (Paul); Johansen, Tom Henning. Enhancement of flux pinning and critical currents in YBaCuO films by nano-scale iridium pre-treatment of substrate surfaces. Journal of Applied Physics 2005;98; 114309 (1-5) 8. Bakken, Egil; Boerio-Goates, Juliana; Grande, Tor; Hovde, Beate; Norby, Truls; Rørmark, Lisbeth; Stevens, Rebecca; Stølen, Svein. Entropy of oxidation and redox energetics of CaMnO3-d. Solid State Ionics 2005;176:2261-2267 9. Bakken, Egil; Norby, Truls; Stølen, Svein. Non-stoichiometry and reductive decomposition of CaMnO3-d. Solid State Ionics 2005; 176:217-223 10. Binsted, N.; Stange, M.; Fjellvag, H.; Weller, M. T. Combined XAFS/powder diffraction analysis of randomly substituted cation sites in crystalline oxides. Physica Scripta, T (2005), T115 (12th X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure International Conference (XAFS12), 2003), 281-284. 11. Bjørgen, Morten; Bjørgen, Morten; Arstad, Bjørnar; Bonino, F; Kolboe, Stein; Lillerud, Karl Petter; Zecchina, A; Bordiga, S. Persistent methylbenzenium ions in protonated zeolites: The required proton affinity of the guest hydrocarbon. Chemphyschem 2005;6 (2), 232-5 12. Blanchard, Didier; Brinks, Hendrik W; Hauback, Bjørn C; Norby, Poul; Muller, J. Isothermal decomposition of LiAlD4 with and without additives. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005; 404:743-7474. 13. Bleka, J.; Monakhov, E.; Ulyashin, Alexander; Kuznetsov, A.; Svensson, B.G.; Avset, B.. Defect behaviour in deuterated and nondeuterated n-type Si. Solid State Phenomena 2005;108-109:553-560 14. Bordiga, Silvia; Vitillo, Jenny G.; Ricchiardi, Gabriele; Regli, Laura; Cocina, Donato; Zecchina, Adriano; Arstad, Bjornar; Bjorgen, Morten; Hafizovic, Jasmina; Lillerud, Karl Petter. Interaction of Hydrogen with MOF-5. Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2005), 109(39), 18237-18242. 15. Bordiga, S; Regli, L; Cocina, D; Lamberti, C; Bjørgen, Morten; Lillerud, Karl Petter. Assessing the acidity of high silica chabazite H-SSZ-13 by FTIR using CO as molecular probe: Comparison with H-SAPO-34. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005; 109; 27791 - 2784 38

Annual Report 2005

16. Bordiga, S; Regli, L; Lamberti, C; Zecchina, A; Bjørgen, Morten; Lillerud, Karl Petter. FTIR adsorption studies of H2O and CH3OH in the isostructural H-SSZ-13 and H-SAPO-34: Formation of H-bonded adducts and protonated clusters. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005; 109; 7724 - 7732 17. Brunkov, P. N.; Monakhov, E. V.; Kuznetsov, A. Yu.; Gutkin, A. A.; Bobyl, A. V.; Musikhin, Yu. G.; Zhukov, A. E.; Ustinov, V. M.; Konnikov, S. G. Capacitance spectroscopy study of InAs quantum dots and dislocations in p-GaAs matrix. AIP Conference Proceedings (2005), 772 (Physics of Semiconductors, Part B), 789-790. 18. Bruzzi, M; …………….. Monakhov, Edouard;……. Et al . Radiation-hard semiconductor detectors for SuperLHC. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A 2005; 541; (1-2) 19. Børseth, Thomas J. Moe; Christensen, Jens S.; Maknys, Kestutis; Hallen, Anders; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Kuznetsov, Andrej. Annealing study of Sb+ and Al+ ion implanted ZnO. Superlattices and Microstructures 2005;38:472 20. Choi, E.M.; Lee, H. S.; Kim, H. J.; Kang, B.; Lee, S.I.; Olsen, Åge Andreas Falnes; Shantsev, Daniil; Johansen, Tom Henning. Dendritic magnetic avalanches in carbon-free MgB2 films with and without a deposited Au layer. Applied Physics Letters 2005;87 – 15 and Virtual Journal of Applications of Superconductivity 2005;9(8) 21. Denisov, D. V.; Rakhmanov, A. L.; Shantsev, D. V.; Galperin, Y. M.; Johansen, T. H.. Dendritic and uniform flux jumps in superconducting films. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Preprint Archive, Condensed Matter (2005), 1-10, arXiv:cond-mat/0508679. 22. Dietzel, PDC; Morita, Yusuke; Blom, R; Fjellvåg, Helmer. An in-situ high-temperature single crystal investigation og a dehydrated metal-organic framework compound and field-induced megnetization of onedimesional metaloxygen chains. Angewandte Chemie 2005;44:6354-6358 23. Diplas, Spyridon; Lehrmann, J; Jørgensen, Sissel; Valand, T; Taftø, Johan. (A) study of the alloying behaviour of Ni-B amorphous catalysts using Auger parameter measurements, and primary and secondary features of the XPS spectrum. Philosophical Magazine 2005;85; 24. Diplas, Spyridon; Lehrmann, J; Jørgensen, Sissel; Valand, T; Watts, JF; Taftø, Johan. Characterization of Ni-B amorphous alloys with x-ray photoelectron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Surface and Interface Analysis 2005;37:459-465 25. Drichko, I. L.; Diakonov, A. M.; Kozub, V. I.; Smirnov, I. Y.; Galperine, Iouri; Yakimov, A. I.; Nikiforov, A. I.. AC-hopping conductance of self-organized Ge/Si quantum dot arrays. Physica E 2005;26:450-454 26. Drichko, I. L.; Diakonov, A. M.; Smirnov, I. Y.; Suslov, A. V.; Galperin, Yuri; Yakimov, A. I.; Nikiforov, A. I.. Mechanisms of Low-Temperature High-Frequency Conductivity in Systems with a Dense Array of Ge0.7Si0.3 Quantum Dots in Silicon. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 2005;101(6):1122-1129 27. Entin-Wohlman, O.; Aharony, A; Galperin, Yuri; Galperin, Yuri; Kozub, V. I.; Vinokur, V. M.. Orbital ac spin-hall effect in the hopping regime. Physical Review Letters 2005; 95(8); 086603 28. Faoro, L.; Bergli, Joakim; Altshuler, Boris; Galperine, Iouri. Models of environment and T-1 relaxation in Josephson charge qubits. Physical Review Letters 2005; 95; 046805 (1-4) 29. Foss, Sean Erik; Kan, Yiu Yan; Finstad, Terje. Single beam determination of porosity and etch rate in situ during etching of porous silicon. Journal of Applied Physics 2005;97:114909 30. Foss, Steinar; Nilsen, Ola; Olsen, Arne; Taftø, Johan. Structure determination of MnO2 films grown on single crystal alpha-Al2O3 substrates. Philosophical Magazine 2005;85:2689-2705 31. Fretwurst, E.; Alfieri, Giovanni; Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Recent advancements in the development of radiation hard semiconductor detectors for S-LHC. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A 2005;552:7

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32. Galeckas, A; Nielsen, HK; Linnros, J; Hallen, A; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Pirouz, P. Investigation of stacking fault formation in hydrogen bombarded 4H-SiC. Materials Science Forum 2005;483:327-330 33. Galperine, Iouri; Shantsev, Daniil; Bergli, Joakim; Altshuler, Boris. Rabi oscillations of a qubit coupled to a two-level system. Europhysics letters 2005;71:21-27 34. Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Chemical vapor transport of platinum and rhodium with oxygen as transport agent. Journal of crystal growth 2005;279; 206-212 35. Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Effect of alpha-Fe2O3 surface coating on reconstruction of platinum-rhodium catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis A: General 2005;284; 177-184 36. Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Etching of plathinum-rhodium alloys in oxygen-containing atmospheres. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005; 402:53-57 37. Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Reconstruction of platinum-rhodium catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis A 2005;284; 163-176 38. Hannevold, Lenka; Nilsen, Ola; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Surface reconstruction on noble-metal catalysts during oxidation of ammonia. Applied Catalysis A 2005;284; 185-192 39. Haugsrud, Reidar; Larring, Yngve; Norby, Truls. Proton conductivity of Ca-doped Tb2O3. Solid State Ionics 2005;176(39-40):2957-2961 40. Haugsrud, Reidar; Lee, KL. On the oxidation behaviour of a Cu-10 vol% Cr in situ compo site. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005;396 41. Haugsrud, Reidar; Norby, Truls. On the Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductivity of Ca-doped La2Ti2O7. Risø International Symposium on Materials Science. Proceedings 2005;26:209-214 42. Helseth, Lars Egil; Backus, T.; Johansen, Tom Henning; Fischer, T. M.. Colloidal crystallization and transport in stripes and mazes. Langmuir 2005;21:7518-7523 43. Helseth, Lars Egil; Johansen, Tom Henning; Fischer, T. M.. Monolayer to bilayer transition in a dipolar system. Physical Review E 2005; 71; 062402 (1-4) 44. Heng, Chenglin; Finstad, Terje. Electrical characteristics of a metal-insulator-semiconductor memory structure containing Ge nanocrystals. Physica e-low-dimensional systems & nanostructures 2005;26 (1-4):286-290 45. Heng, Chenglin; Finstad, Terje; Li, Yanjun; Gunnæs, Anette Eleonora; Olsen, Arne; Storås, Preben. Ge nanoparticle formation and photoluminescence in Er doped SiO2 films: influence of sputter gas and annealing. Microelectronics journal 2005;36:531-535 46. Heng, Chenglin; Li, Yanjun; Mayandi, Jeyanthinath; Finstad, Terje; Jørgensen, Sissel; Gunnæs, Anette Eleonora; Storås, P.; Olsen, Arne. A study on the precipitation of Ge-rich nanoparticles in a luminescent (Er, Ge) co-doped SiO2 film sputtered with Ar+O2 plasma. International Journal of Nanoscience 2005 47. Hauback, B. C.; Brinks, H. W.; Heyn, R. H.; Blom, R.; Fjellvag, H.. The crystal structure of KAlD4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2005), 394(1-2), 35-38. 48. Horsell, D. W.; Savchenko, A. K.; Galperin, Yuri; Kozub, V. I.; Vinokur, V. M.. Phonon-electric effect in nano-scale transistors. Physica status solidi c-conferences and critical reviews 2005;2(8):3047-3050 49. Horsell, D. W.; Savchenko, A. K.; Galperin, Yuri; Kozub, V. I.; Vinokur, V. M.; Ritchie, D. A.. Spontaneous current generation in gated nanostructures. Europhysics Letters 2005;74(1):658-664 50. Ivanov, A; Kalinina, E; Kholuyanov, G; Strokan, N; Onushkin, G; Konstantinov, A; Hallen, A; Kuznetsov, Andrej. High energy resolution detectors based on 4H-SiC.. Materials Science Forum 2005;483:1029-1032

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51. Jaakkola, A.; Shevchenko, A.; Lindfors, K.; Hautakorpi, M.; Il’yashenko, E. I.; Johansen, Tom Henning; Kaivola, M.. Reconfigurable atom chip on a transparent ferrite-garnet film. European Physical Journal - Applied Physics 2005;35:81-85 52. Jensen, Morten Breinholdt; Pettersson, LGM; Swang, O; Olsbye, Unni. CO2 sorption on MgO and CaO surfaces: A comparative quantum chemical cluster study. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005;109:16774-16781 53. Kalinina, E; Kholuyanov, G; Onushkin, G; Davydov, D; Strelaposchuk, A; Konstantinov, A; Hallen, A; Skuratov, V; Kuznetsov, Andrej. Comparative study of 4H-SiC irradiated with neutrons and heavy ions. Materials Science Forum 2005;483:377-380 54. Kan, Yiu Yan; Finstad, Terje. Oxidation of macroporous silicon for thick thermal insulation. Materials Science and Engineering B 2005;118:289-292 55. Kan, Yiu Yan; Foss, Sean Erik; Finstad, Terje. The effect of etching with glycerol, and interferometric measurements on the interface roughness of porous silicon films. Physica status solidi A 2005;2002(8):1533-1538 56. Kartopu, G; Karavanskii, V.A.; Serincan, U.; Turan, Rasit; Hummel, R.E.; Ekinci, Y; Gunnæs, Anette Eleonora; Finstad, Terje. Can chemically etched germanium or germanium nanocrystals emit visible photoluminescence?. Physica status solidi A 2005;202:1472-1476 57. Koblischka, MR; Johansen, Tom Henning. Formation and behaviour of macrovortices during a turbulent relaxation process in high-T-c superconductors. Journal of Physics - Condensed Matter 2005;17; 2723-2732 58. Li, Yanjun; Brusethag, S.; Olsen, Arne. Influence of Cu on the Aging Behavior of AlSi7Mg0.5 Alloy. TMS Letters 2005;2(2):45-46 59. Li, Yanjun; Olsen, Arne; Johansen, A.; Arnberg, L.. TEM Study on the Eutectoid Phase Transformation of Intermetallic Particles from Al6(Fe,Mn)to a-Al(Mn,Fe)Si Phase in AA3003 Alloy. TMS Letters 2005;2(2):35-36 60. Lie, Martin; Fjellvåg, Helmer; Kjekshus, Arne. Growth of Fe2O3 thin films by atomic layer deposition. Thin Solid Films 2005;488:74-81 61. Løvvik, Ole Martin. Crystal structure of Ca(AlH4)2 predicted from density-functional band-structure calculations. Physical Review B 2005;71; 62. Løvvik, Ole Martin. Surface segregation in palladium based alloys from density-functional calculations. Surface Science 2005;583:100-106 63. Løvvik, Ole Martin; Molin, Peter Nikolai. Density-functional band-structure calculations of magnesium alanate Mg(AlH4)2. Physical Review B 2005;72; 0732 01 (1-14) 64. Løvvik, Ole Martin; Opalka, S. M.. Density functional calculations of Ti-enhanced NaAlH4. Physical Review B 2005;71; 0541103(1-10) 65. Løvvik, Ole Martin; Opalka, S. M.; Brinks, Hendrik; Hauback, Bjørn. Erratum: Crystal structure and thermodynamic stability of the lithium alanates LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6 [Phys. Rev. B 69, 134117 (2004)]. Physical Review B 2005;71; 134117 (1-9) 66. Løvvik, Ole Martin; Swang, Ole. Crystal structures and electronic structures of alkaline aluminohexahydrides from density functional calculations. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005;404-406:757-761 67. Løvvik, Ole Martin; Swang, Ole; Opalka, S. M.. Modeling alkali alanates for hydrogen storage by densityfunctional band-structure calculations. Journal of Materials Research 2005;20:3199-3213 68. Mikelsen, Mads; Monakhov, Edouard; Alfieri, Giovanni; Avset, BS; Harkonen, J; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Annealing of defects in irradiated silicon detector materials with high oxygen content. Journal of PhysicsCondensed Matter 2005;17:S2247-S2253

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69. Mikelsen, Mads; Monakhov, Edouard; Alfieri, Giovanni; Sundby-Avsett, Berit; Hallen, Anders; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Kinetics of divacancy annealing and divacancy-oxygen formation in oxygen-enriched high-purity silicon. Physical Review B 2005;72:195207 (1-6) 70. Mohn, Chris Erik; Allan, N.L.; Freeman, C.L.; Ravindran, Ponniah; Stølen, Svein. Order in the disordered state: local structural entities in the fast ion conductor Ba2In2O5. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2005;178:346-355 71. Mohn, Chris Erik; Lavrentiev, MY; Allan, NL; Bakken, Egil; Stølen, Svein. Size mismatch effects on oxide solid solutions using Monte Carlo and configurational averaging. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics 2005;7:1127-1135 72. Mohn, Chris Erik; Stølen, Svein. Genetic mapping of the distribution of minima on the potential energy surface of disordered systems. Journal of Chemical Physics 2005;123:114104 73. Moll, M; Johansen, Klaus M H; …….. Monakhov, Edouard; …. Et al. Development of radiation tolerant semiconductor detectors for the Super-LHC. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A 2005;546:99-107 74. Monakhov, Edouard; Christensen, Jens S.; Maknys, Kestutis; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Kuznetsov, Andrej. Hydrogen implantation into ZnO for n+ -layer formation. Applied Physics Letters 2005;87:191910 75. Monakhov, Edouard; Kuznetsov, Andrej; Christensen, Jens S.; Maknys, Kestutis; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Evolution of high-dose implanted hydrogen in ZnO. Superlattices and Microstructures 2005;38:472 76. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, MK; La Magna, A; Spinella, C; Bongiorno, C; Privitera, V; Fortunato, G; Mariucci, L. Enhanced boron diffusion in excimer laser preannealed Si. Applied Physics Letters 2005;86; 77. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, M.K.; LaMagna, A.; Italia, M; Privitera, V.; Fortunato, G; Cuscuna, M.; Mariucci, L.. Boron distribution in silicon after excimer laser annealing with multiple pulses. Materials science and engineering b-solid state materials for advanced technology 2005;124-125:228 78. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, M.K.; LaMagna, A.; Italia, M; Privitera, V.; Fortunato, G; Cuscuna, M.; Mariucci, L.. Excimer laser annealing of B and BF2 implanted Si. Materials science and engineering B 2005;124-125:232 79. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, M.K.; LaMagna, A.; Italia, M; Privitera, V.; Fortunato, G; Cuscuna, M.; Mariucci, L.. The effect of excimer laser pretreatment on diffusion and activation of boron implanted in silicon. Applied Physics Letters 2005;87:192109 80. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Reversible room temperature interaction of impurities in Si. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter 2005;17:S2185-S2190 81. Monakhov, Edouard; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Linnarsson, MK; La Magna, A; Italia, M; Privitera, V; Fortunato, G; Cuscuna, M; Mariucci, L. Boron distribution in silicon after multiple pulse excimer laser annealing. Applied Physics Letters 2005;87; 08 1901 (1-13) 82. Nielsen, HK; Hallen, A; Martin, DM; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. M-center in low-dose proton implanted 4H-SiC; Bistability and change in emission rate. Materials Science Forum 2005;483; 483-485 83. Nielsen, HK; Hallen, A; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Capacitance transient study of the metastable M center in n-type 4H-SiC. Physical Review B 2005;72; 85208 (1-8) 84. Olafsen, Anja; Slagtern, Åse; Dahl, Ivar Martin; Olsbye, Unni; Schuurman, Yves; Mirodatos, Claude. Mechanistic features for propane reforming by carbon dioxide over a Ni/Mg(Al)O hydrotalcite-derived catalyst. Journal of Catalysis 2005;229:163-175 85. Olsbye, Unni; Bjørgen, Morten; Svelle, Stian; Lillerud, Karl Petter; Kolboe, Stein. Mechanistic Insight into the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Reaction. Catalysis Today 2005;106:108-111 42

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86. Olsbye, Unni; Bjørgen, Morten; Svelle, Stian; Lillerud, Karl Petter; Kolboe, Stein. Mechanistic Insight into the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Reaction. Catalysis Today 2005;106:108-111 87. Olsbye, Unni; Virnovskaia, A; Prytz, Øystein; Tinnemans, SJ; Weckhuysen, BM. Mechanistic insight in the ethane dehydrogenation reaction over Cr/Al2O3 catalysts. Catalysis Letters 2005;103:143-148 88. Pitt, M. P.; Blanchard, D.; Hauback, B. C.; Fjellvag, H.; Marshall, W. G. Pressure-induced phase transitions of the LiAlD4 system. Physical Review B (2005), 72(21), 214113/1-214113/9. 89. Prytz, Øystein; Taftø, Johan. Accurate determination of domain boundary orientation in LaNbO4. Acta Materialia 2005;53; 297-302 90. Rafi, J.; Simoen, Eddy; Claeys, C.; Huang, C.L.; Ulyashin, Alexander; Job, R.; Clauws, P.; Versluys, J.; Campabadal, P.; Lozano, M.. Impact of Direct Plasma Hydrogenation on thermal donor formation in n-type Cz Silicon. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2005;152(1):G16-G24 91 Regli, L; Zecchina, A; Vitillo, JG; Cocina, D; Spoto, G; Lamberti, C; Lillerud, Karl Petter; Olsbye, Unni; Bordiga, S. Hydrogen storage in chabazite zeolite frameworks. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics 2005;7:3197-3203 92. Regli, L; Bordiga, S; Zeechina, A; Bjørgen, Morten; Lillerud, Karl Petter. Acidity properties of CHA-zeolites (SAPO-34 and SSZ-13): an FTIR spectroscopic study. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 2005;155 93. Roussel, M.; Pan, A. V.; Bobyl, A. V.; Zhao, Y.; Dou, S. X.; Johansen, Tom Henning. Magnetic flux penetration in MgB2 thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition. Superconductors Science and Technology 2005;18:1391-1395 94. Rudnev, I. A.; Shantsev, Daniil; Johansen, Tom Henning; Primenko, A. E.. Avalanche-driven fractal flux distributions in NbN superconducting films. Applied Physics Letters 2005;87; 042502 (1-3) and Virtual Journal of Applications of Superconductivity 2005;9(4) 95. Seo, H. W.; Chen, Q. Y.; Iliev, M. N.; Johansen, Tom Henning; Kolev, N.; Welp, U.; Wang, C.; Chu, W.-K.. Chain-oxygen ordering in twin-free YBCO single crystals driven by 20 keV electron irradiation. Physical Review B 2005;72; and Virtual Journal of Applications of Superconductivity 2005;9(4) 96. Shantsev, Daniil; Bobyl, A. V.; Galperine, Iouri; Johansen, Tom Henning; Lee, S. I.. Size of flux jumps in superconducting films. Physical Review B 2005;72; 024541 (1-8) 97. Slotte, J; Saarinen, K; Janson, MS; Hallen, A; Kuznetsov, Andrej; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Wong-Leung, J; Jagadish, C. Fluence, flux, and implantation temperature dependence of ion-implantation-induced defect production in 4H-SiC. Journal of Applied Physics 2005;97; 033513 (1-7) 98. Solanki, Chetan; Carnel, Lode; Ulyashin, Alexander; Van Nieuwenhuysen, Kriss; Postuma, N.; Beaucarne, G.; Poortmans, Jeff. Thin-film free-standing monocrystalline Si solar cells with heterojunction emitter. Progress in Photovoltaics 2005;13(3):201-208 99. Stange, Marit; Maehlen, J.; Yartis, Volodymyr; Norby, Poul; Van Beek, Wouter; Emerich, H.. In situ SR-XRD studies of hydrogen absorption-desorption in LaNi4.7Sn0.3. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005;404:604-608 100. Stølen, Svein; Mohn, Chris Erik; Ravindran, Ponniah; Allan, Neil. The topography of the potential energy hypersurface and criteria for fast-ion-conduction in perovskite-related A2B2O5-oxides. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005;109:12362-12365 101. Svelle, Stian; Kolboe, Stein; Swang, O; Olsbye, Unni. Methylation of alkenes and methylbenzenes by dimethyl ether or methanol on acidic zeolites. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005;109:12874-12878 102. Svelle, Stian; Ronning, PO; Olsbye, Unni; Kolboe, Stein. Kinetic studies of zeolite-catalyzed methylation reactions. Part 2. Co-reaction of [C-12]propene or [C-12]n-butene and [C-13]methanol. Journal of Catalysis 2005;234:385-400

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103. Svelle, Stian; Kolboe, Stein; Swang, O; Olsbye, Unni. Methylation of alkenes and methylbenzenes by dimethyl ether or methanol on acidic zeolites. Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 2005;109:12874-12878 104. Svelle, Stian; Ronning, PO; Olsbye, Unni; Kolboe, Stein. Kinetic studies of zeolite-catalyzed methylation reactions. Part 2. Co-reaction of [C-12]propene or [C-12]n-butene and [C-13]methanol. Journal of Catalysis 2005;234:385-400 105. Sørby, Magnus Helgerud; Fjellvåg, Helmer; Hauback, Bjørn. In situ powder synchrotron and neutron diffraction study of Zr2Ni deuterides. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005;394:107-115 106. Tronqual, M.; Johansen, Tom Henning. Reseau de vortex d’Abrikosov (+ cover illustration) in special issue: “Les plus belles Images de Science”. Science & Vie 2005(1055) Suppl august:18-19 107. Tyholdt, F.; Jorgensen, S.; Fjellvag, H.; Gunnaes, A. E. Synthesis of oriented BiFeO3 thin films by chemical solution deposition: Phase, texture, and microstructural development. Journal of Materials Research (2005), 20(8), 2127-2139. 108. Vajeeston, P; Ravindran, P; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Theoretical modeling of hydrogen storage materials; Prediction of structure, chemical bond character, and high pressure behaviour. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005; 8:377-383 109. Vajeeston, P; Vidya, R.; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Site preference of hydrogen in metal, alloy and intermetallic frameworks. Europhysics Letters 2005; 569-575 110. Vajeeston, Ponniah; Ravindran, Ponniah; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Comment on ‘Structural stability and electronic structure for Li3AlH6’ - Reply. Physical Review B 2005;71;216102 (1-4) 111. Vajeeston, Ponniah; Ravindran, Ponniah; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. First-principles investigations of aluminum hydrides: M3AIH6 (M=Na,K). Physical Review B 2005;71; 216102 (1-4) 112. Vajeeston, Ponniah; Ravindran, Ponniah; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvåg, Helmer. Structural stability of alkali boron tetrahydrides ABH4 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) from first principle calculation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2005;387(1):97-104 113. Vidya, Ravindran; Ravindran, Ponniah; Vajeeston, Ponniah; Fjellvåg, Helmer; Kjekshus, Arne. Structural stability, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of mixed-valence ACr3O8 phases (A=Na, K, Rb). Physical Review B 2005;72; 114. Yang, J; Mei, S; Quaresma, S; Norby, Poul Æ; Ferreira, JMF. In situ-templated hydrothermal synthesis of Fe-doped anatase nanorods. Acta Materialia 2005;53; 115. Yang, J; Quaresma, S; Mei, S; Ferreira, JMF; Norby, Poul Æ. Hydrothermal synthesis of free-standing Co3O4 nanocubes. Key Engineering Materials 2005;280-283 116. Yang, J; Mei, S; Ferreira, JMF; Norby, Poul Æ; Quaresma, S. Fabrication of rutile rod-like particle by hydrothermal method: an insight into HNO3 peptization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2005;283 117. Yurchenko, V. V.; Wordenweber, R.; Galperin, Yu. M.; Shantsev, D. V.; VestgAarden, J. I.; Johansen, T. H.. Magneto-optical imaging of magnetic flux patterns in superconducting films with antidots. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Preprint Archive, Condensed Matter (2005), 1-4, arXiv:cond-mat/0511060. 118. Yurchenko, Vitaliy; Jirsa, M; Stupakov, O; Wordenweber, R. On the principles of vortex localization and motion in superconductor thin films with artificially patterned cavities. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 2005; 139:331-338 119. Wong-Leung, J; Linnarsson, MK; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar; Cockayne, DJH. Ion-implantation-induced extended defect formation in (0001) and (11(2)over-bar0) 4H-SiC. Physical Review B 2005;71; 165210 (1-13) 120. Wu, Qinglan; Olafsen, Anja; Vistad, Ørnulv; Roots, Jaan; Norby, Poul. Delamination and restacking of a layered double hydroxide with nitrate as counter anion. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2005;15(44):4695-4700

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121. Zecchina, A; Bordiga, S; Vitillo, JG; Ricchiardi, G; Lamberti, C; Spoto, G; Bjørgen, Morten; Lillerud, Karl Petter. Liquid hydrogen in protonic chabazite. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005;127; 6361-6 122. Ögmundsson, A Monakhov, Edouard; Hansen, T.E.; Grepstad, J.K.; Svensson, Bengt Gunnar. Electrically active centers induced by electron irradiation in n-type Si detectors. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A 2005; 552:61

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Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Pb 1032 Blindern N-0318 Oslo

Mediehuset GAN 09/06

ANNUAL REPORT 2005 University of Oslo