Annual Report 2015 - TUM-MW [PDF]

Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Annual Report 2015

Imprint Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering Boltzmannstraße 15 85748 Garching near Munich Germany www.mw.tum.de Editor: Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth, Dean Sub-editor: Dr. Till v. Feilitzsch Layout: Fa-Ro Marketing, Munich Photo credits: ballweg & hupe, Uli Benz, Thomas Bergmann, Astrid Eckert, Kurt Fuchs, Andreas Gebert, Tobias Hase, Andreas Heddergott, iStock/Photomorphic, Mittermüller Bildbetrieb, Luiz da Rocha-Schmidt, Stefanus Stahl and further illustrations provided by the institutes Design of the wall graphic ‘History of the Department of Mechanical Engineering’: cynar visuelle communication February 2016

Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Annual Report 2015

Content Preamble 6 TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 7 Department Board of Management 8 Department Council Mechanical Engineering 9 Central Services 12 Honours Awarded During the Department Day 16 Appointments 18 Research 19 Selected Highlights 2015 20 Facts and Figures 26 Ranking Results 27 Projects and Clusters 28 Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 31 Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering 42 International Students and Students’ Exchange 46 Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Programs in Comparison 48 Gender Equality at the Department of Mechanical Engineering 49 Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering 50 Center of Key Competences 51 Student Council 52 Faculty Members 54 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier Institute of Lightweight Structures Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler Institute of Ergonomics Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier Bioseparation Engineering Group Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso Institute of Wind Energy Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Institute for Carbon Composites Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dipl.-Geophys. Christian Große Institute of Non-destructive Testing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Institute for Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Institute of Flight Propulsion Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Space Propulsion Group Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Institute for Helicopter Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Institute of Flight System Dynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Institute of Aircraft Design Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach Flow control and Aeroacoustics Group Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Institute of Plant and Process Technology Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Ph.D. Continuum Mechanics Group

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Content

62 71 78 87 90 94 102 106 110 118 123 127 130 136 140 142 146

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling Systems Biotechnology Group Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg Biomechanics Group Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp Institute of Automotive Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann Institute of Product Development Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann Institute of Automatic Control Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. Institute of Nuclear Engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu Plasma Material Interaction Group Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Group Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Prof. Dr. Ir. Daniel Rixen Institute of Applied Mechanics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer Institute of Thermodynamics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner Sport Equipment and Materials Group Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Institute of Energy Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Institute of Machine Elements Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Institute of Metal Forming and Casting Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Institute of Internal Combustion Engines Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall Institute of Computational Mechanics Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter Institute of Astronautics Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz Institute of Biochemical Engineering Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Erich Wintermantel Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology

150 153 156 162 169 174 180 185 189 193 196 198 204 210 216 220 224 233 239 245 251 257 265 272 277 281

Appendix 288

Content

5

Preamble

Dear Reader, The TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering is today one of the most successful faculties of its kind worldwide. This is demonstrated through all relevant university rankings. It is placed in first or second place within Germany and within the ‘Champions League’ worldwide (c.f. p. 27). At the same time, the department is also proud of its long and prestigious history; founded in 1868 as the core of the former Polytechnical School in the context of the industrialization of Bavaria it was home to and school of many renowned scientists. In 2015, a ‘family tree’ of the department was drawn up, which you can find as an appendix to this report and in the ‘Magistrale’, the center of the main building of the department. In recent years, students, staff and faculty of the department have become much more diverse: in 2015, 21% of the students came from abroad (+75% since 2011); 16% of scientific staff are female (+42% since 2011); and 12% of the professors have an international background (+100% since 2011). In 2015, the success of the department allowed us to attract Prof. Marburg (from the University of the Armed Forces, Neubiberg) for the newly founded Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines. In addition, Dr. Tropschuh, in charge of Corporate Responsibility and Politics at AUDI AG in Ingolstadt, was appointed as honorary professor (c.f. p. 18). Despite its long history, one aspect of the TUM Department of Mechnical Engineering has remained constant throughout the years; the department covers a very large range of topics, both in teaching and research: from the design of efficient gears to studies on the usability of driver assistance systems; from the description of microfluidic systems to the optimization

6

Preamble

of production systems. Despite very diverse approaches, the common goal is to find technical solutions for the challenges faced by society: n Climate Change and Shortage of Resources We work on new mobility concepts, production processes, which are highly energy and material efficient, development and usage scenarios for novel, ultra light and strong materials as well as both the development of highly efficient combustion plants and renewable energies. n Demographic Change We study usage habits and develop robots and assistance systems e.g. for car and production environments as well as medical devices and support systems for the elderly. n Urbanization Approximately a quarter of the scien­ tific staff works on projects related to safe and efficient ground mobility, now to a large extent focused on the development of small vehicles with very low fuel consumption or new types of propulsion units, and possible new types of ownership (car sharing, etc.). With this brochure, we present an overview of the research at the department’s institutes. We hope that it helps our partners in academia and industry to find experts for their issues, prospective students and junior researchers to identify the supervisor that suits best her/his interests and – last but not least – ourselves, the colleagues and partners of this department, to inform themselves even better about our research and teaching activities.

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth, Dean

TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

The Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Munich has stood for engineering excellence since 1868. It was founded amongst others by the pioneer of refrigeration Carl von Linde and the well-known mathematician and materials scientist Johann Bauschinger. It has been the workplace of famous university teachers such as Gustav Niemann, author of the most important authoritative work on mechanical engineering science, the mechanical engineer August Föppl and the thermodynamics researcher Wilhelm Nußelt. The lectures given by Carl von Linde inspired Rudolf Diesel to make his groundbreaking inventions. Other important students of the faculty were the aircraft designers Claude Dornier and Willy Messerschmidt. Today, the Department of Mechanical Engineering is one of the most successful engineering faculties of the world. Leading international surveys rank the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering in the world’s top group. This success is primarily a result of published scientific excellence, based on a balanced mix of publicly funded projects and industrial

cooperation. The department benefits from a highly innovative environment in a prestigious university and the Garching campus, one of the largest and most modern research centers in Europe, as well as from powerful partners in industry with their headquarters or research centers in and around Munich. Young talented people form the core of the Technical University of Munich. Integrated into an environment of experienced scientific personalities, they are supported to develop their performance and individual strengths. The educational objectives are expertise, judgment and responsibility. In addition to technical sovereignty and entrepreneurial courage, modern engineers are also expected to achieve in mental and emotional creativity, cultural sensibility and social skills are as important, which is an important cornerstone of the training at the department (c.f. 50 and 51). Today, about 5000 students are enrolled at the Department of Mechanical Engineering; more than one-fifth are international students from 32 countries.

TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Department Board of Management

The Department of Mechanical Engineering is headed by the Dean, two Vice Deans and the Dean of Studies, elected by the faculty of the department every three years. In order to facilitate communication and to put decisions onto a broader base, the current Dean, Prof. Tim Lueth, established a Department Board of Management in 2014,

comprising the deans and representatives of groups of professors, each assigned with a specific portfolio of responsibilities. The Department Board of Management acts as an advisor to the Dean; the responsibility of the Departmental Board (‘Fakultätsrat’) regarding formal academic matters remains untouched.

Dean Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth Finances, Appointments, Internationalisation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee Science and Publications

Vice Dean Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Evaluation and Department Publicity

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Buildings and Safety

Vice Dean Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams Third Party Funds and Contracts Dean of Studies MSE

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann Special Projects

Dean of Studies

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Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h.c. Ewald Werner Teaching Structure and Quality

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Special Projects

Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler TUM Graduate School

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zaeh Personnel Matters

Department Board of Management

Department Council Mechanical Engineering

The Department Council is the highest decision-making board of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and is managed by the Dean. The board represents all status groups (professors, members of the research staff, other employees and students). Permanent members of the Faculty Board are:

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek [email protected]

Professors’ Representatives

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth (Dean) [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk (Vice Dean, 2 votes) [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach [email protected]

Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h.c. Ewald Werner (Dean of Studies, 2 votes) [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee [email protected]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh [email protected]

Department Council Mechanical Engineering

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Research Staff Representatives

Student Representatives

Marcus Grochowina [email protected]

Kilian Escayola [email protected]

Dr. Andreas Hupfer [email protected]

Charlotte Haid [email protected]

Dr. Herbert Rausch [email protected]

Stephan Lie [email protected]

Daniel Regulin [email protected]

Franziska Ochsenfarth [email protected]

Doctoral Candidates Representative Stephan Hafenstein (without a vote) [email protected]

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Department Council Mechanical Engineering

Non-scientific Staff Representatives

Women’s Representatives

Uli Ebner [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Isabell Franck [email protected]

Cornelia Härtling [email protected]

Carmen Aringer, M.A. [email protected]

Stephanie Frankl, M.Sc. [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Helena Hashemi Farzaneh [email protected]

Department Council Mechanical Engineering

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Central Services

With about 5000 students, over 40 professors and well over 1000 employees, the Department of Mechanical Engineering is of a size comparable to many universities. Even though most administrative tasks, including project management and accounting, are handled by the institutes, many responsibilities are allocated to the Dean of the department. This includes responsibility for the resources allocated to the department as well as student services. Increasingly, it is expected that departments follow up on the activities of their members, actively shape their teaching and research environment and develop their own strategy, especially with regard to department recruitment. All this happens in an environment, where resources are allocated more on the basis of achievement and vision, and thus less evenly distributed. Both TUM and the Department of Mechanical Engineering profit from these developments, even though they necessarily create administrative overheads.

Department Management Dr. Till von Feilitzsch Dr. Thomas Wagner Deptize each other

Central Teaching Unit Section Head: Dr. Birgit Spielmann Deputy: Franziska Glasl

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Central Services

Examination Affairs Section Head: Dr. Edda Wenzig Deputy: Arno Buchner

Dean Prof. Tim C. Lüth Deputy: Vice Deans Prof. Wolfram Volk Prof. Nikolaus Adam Dean of Studies: Prof. Ewald Werner

Academic Affairs Section Head: Dieter Grimm Deputy: Department Management

In addition, examinations have to be processed and students expect professional advice on very diverse topics. In the last few years, two training centers for undergraduate and postgraduate students have been created, focusing on topics not directly linked to the research activities of the department’s institutes. Through the ‘Center of Key Competences’ and the ‘Graduate Center’, the department can now directly address the majority of its members and, for example, implement courses on good scientific practice. In previous years, these services were simply added to those of the classical Dean’s office, creating a structure that was increasingly difficult to manage, and responsibilities were not always clear. In order to better coordinate central departmental services, Dr. von Feilitzsch and Dr. Wagner coordinate these activities and six units have been formed, reporting directly to the Dean, in addition to a personal assistant.

Assistance to the Dean Section Head: Rella Recsetar Deputy: Anke Kloiber

Quality Management and Controlling Section Head: Dr. Alexander Ewald Deputy: Atiye Korkmatz

Student Services Section Head: Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer Deputy: Dr.-Ing. Jinming Lu

Information Technology Section Head: Nicole Siegmund Deputy: Robert Klopp

Department Management

Academic Affairs

The Department Management assists the Dean in academic self-administration and the coordination of administrative processes in the department.

The section ‘Academic Affairs’ deals with academic procedures such as post-doctoral theses and lecturing qualifications, honorary professorships and lectureships. In addition, this section assists the Dean in building management and in granting permission in relation to such management.

Dr. Till von Feilitzsch

Dieter Grimm Section Head Dr. Thomas Wagner

Assistance to the Dean This section assists the Dean in daily matters, coordinates inquiries in various areas and takes responsibility for administrative duties relating to the department and its administration. Rella Recsetar Section Head

Quality Management and Controlling The section ‘Quality Management and Controlling’ co-ordinates the implementation and further development of a quality management system in the Central Services department. A further major responsibility of this section is to maintain a comprehensive reporting system for the department and to carry out budget planning based on the reports. Dr. Alexander Ewald Section Head

Anke Kloiber Deputy

Atiye Korkmaz Deputy

Stephan Hartl Accounting

Central Services

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Information Technology

Student Services

The section ‘Information Technology’ of the Department of Mechanical Engineering’s Central Services documents and designs the IT infrastructure and the department’s central software systems. It is the interface with the external services provided by the TU München.

This section is the central information office for students and potential students regarding degrees, degrees courses abroad and degree course organization. It also administers and organizes degree courses and administers tuition funds. In addition, it is the contact for the Head of the Department, professors and other bodies of the university regarding degree course development, planning and organization.

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth IO of the Department

Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer Section Head Nicole Siegmund Section Head

Saskia Ammon Student Exchange Robert Klopp Deputy

Central Teaching Unit This section is concerned with central training aspects of doctoral candidates, as well as training of key competences of Bachelor and Master students of the Department. Please refer to p. 50 for the Graduate Center and p. 51 for the Center of Key Competences. Dr. Birgit Spielmann Section Head

Franziska Glasl Deputy

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Central Services

Dr. Jinming Lu Student Advisory Service

Christine Mühlbauer Administration

Examination Affairs The section ‘Examination Affairs’ is the central contact point for students regarding all questions concerning examinations; from admissions procedure, through internships in industry before and during the Bachelor program to the complete admini­ stration of marking and examinations. Dr. Edda Wenzig Section Head

Internships in Industry Anna Beraha

TUMonline Examination Administration Arno Buchner René Schneider

Arno Buchner Deputy

Bachelor’s Degree Examination Board

Arno Buchner Silvia Newin Diana Ivanova

Master’s Degree Examination Board

Anett Geckert N.N.

Central Services

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Honours Awarded During the Department Day Honorary Doctorate

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During the Department Day, Herbert Kraibühler, former technical director of Arburg GmbH + Co KG, was awarded the honorary doctorate of the department. The President of the TUM, Prof. Wolfgang A. Herrmann, pointed out his remarkable achievements and ideas in the research and development of innovative plastic processing and additive manufacturing machinery.

He also proved to be a visionary in the field of additive manufacturing. His company cooperated over many years in research projects with the TUM, examining fundamental issues from polymers and dispensing procedures through to optimal filling strategies. The result was an innovative system for industrial additive manufacture that can offer much more than simple 3-D printers.

One of his great achievements is the further development of injection molding. He accelerated the integration of injection molding technology in manufacturing cells. He thereby optimised production methods and anticipated the development which we now know as Industry 4.0. In addition Herbert Kraibühler recognised early that the interaction between man and machine would play a central role in modern production. The result was the development of innovative machine control systems which make is possible to control the increasingly more complex injection molding processes.

Prof. Tim Lüth, Dean of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, described the collaborative work as ‘an exemplary co-operation between an innovative, family-run company and a university of technical excellence’.

Honours Awarded During the Department Day

Departmental Awards for Dissertations Rudolf Schmidt-Burkhardt Memorial Award Dr.-Ing. Peter Demmel Best dissertation: ‘In-situ Temperaturmessung beim Scherschneiden’

Willy Messerschmitt Award Dr.-Ing. Leonhard Höcht Best dissertation aerospace: ‘Advances in Stability Analysis for Model Reference Adaptive Control Systems and Application to Unmanned Aerial Systems’ Manfred Hirschvogel Award Dr.-Ing. Oliver Rösch Best dissertation production/ automotive: ‘Steigerung der Arbeitsgenauigkeit bei der Fräsbearbeitung metallischer Werkstoffe mit Industrierobotern’ RENK Propulsion Technology Award Dr.-Ing. Joachim Pfleghaar Best dissertation propulsion tech­no­lo­­gy and mechatronics: ‘Energieeffiziente aktive Dämpfung von Torsionsschwingungen im KFZ-Antriebsstrang’ Siemens Energy Thesis Award Dr.-Ing. Anja Marosky Best dissertation conventional energy technology: ‘Einfluss der Kühllufteindüsung auf das Betriebsverhalten von Drallbrennern’ Wittenstein Award Dr.-Ing. Philipp Engelhardt Best dissertation with entrepreneurial potential: ‘System für die RFID-gestützte situationsbasierte Produktionssteuerung in der auftragsbezogenen Fertigung und Montage’ Department Award Dr.-Ing. Kei Wieland Müller Best dissertation with scientific potential: ‘Simulation of Self-assembly and Mechanics of Transiently Crosslinked, Semiflexible Biopolymer Networks’

Departmental Awards for Master’s Theses and Excellent Degrees SGL Group Award Ralf Engelhardt, M.Sc. Best master’s thesis lightweight materials, carbon and ceramics: ‘Analyse der Herstellkosten des thermoplastischen Automated Fiber Placement Prozesses am Beispiel eines Booster Segments’ RENK Antriebstechnik Propulsion Technology Award Ulrich Stockinger, M.Sc. Best master’s thesis propulsion technology and mechatronics: ‘Systematische Ermittlung des Reibungsverhaltens von Lamellen­ kupplungen mit Carbon- und Sinter-Reibbelägen’ Siemens Energy Thesis Award Peter Ostermeier, M.Sc. Best master’s thesis conventional energy technology: ‘Design of Experiments für die Untersuchung der Wärmeübertragung in durchströmten Rohren’ Wittenstein Award Robert Szukalski, M.Sc. Best master’s thesis with entrepreneurial potential: ‘Approaches to Online Monitoring of Adaptive Controllers’

Department Award Johannes Ernst, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1,01 (Best Degree) Departmental Award Excellent degrees Nikolas Tekles, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1,07 Fabian Bräu, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1,10 Maximilian Steinbacher, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1,11 Theresa Trummler, M.Sc. Overall grade: 1,12

Honours Awarded During the Department Day

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Appointments

In 2015, two new professors were appointed at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering:

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg

In recent years, the Gerhard Zeidler Research Foundation has endowed the ‘Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines’ at the department. The foundation was established by Gerhard and Ellen Zeidler with the mission, amongst others, to advance engineering sciences, especially with respect to the reduction of emissions. The aim is to enhance the physical understanding of the emergence and distribution of air-borne and structure-borne sound in order to deduce methods of manipulation and reduction. Research and teaching involve physical principles of vibroacoustics, numerical simulations and experimental investigations.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh

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Appointments

In this context, in July 2015, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg (b. 1965) was appointed to the newly founded institute. His research interests encompass the development and application of numerical methods for vibroacoustics and aeroacoustics, the experimentally-based virtual prototyping of complex models in combination with parameter identification, the consideration and identification of parameter variations and structural acoustic optimization. The applications are manifold and include automotive parts, ships, electric tools and musical instruments. Marburg graduated from TU Dresden where he was awarded a doctoral degree in 1998. Subsequently he became a junior professor for Structural

Acoustic Optimization/Boundary Element Methods in 2004. In 2010, he moved to the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Munich and became a full professor for Technical Dynamics. Marburg is associate editor of the peer-reviewed journal Acta Acustica united with Acustica, editor of the Journal of Computational Acoustics and chair of TC Computational Acoustics of the European Acoustics Association.

Hon.Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh (b. 1958) was appointed honorary professor for Developments in Automotive Engineering at the Institute of Automotive Engineering. Prof. Tropschuh studied at TUM and graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1982. He received a doctorate for his work on ‘Computer supported design using knowledge-based systems’ under the supervision of Prof. Ehrlenspiel at the Institute of Engineering Design in 1988. In the same year, Prof. Tropschuh started working for AUDI AG in Ingolstadt. Over the years he held various positions in the field of development, including being an assistant to the Director of Technical Development and head of the General Secretariat, the Product Strategy Committee, Advanced Engineering and AUDI AG‘s Research Partnership Program. Between 2006 and 2012 Prof. Tropschuh was responsible for Volkswagen’s ‘AutoUni’ in Wolfsburg. Since July 2011 he has been in charge of Corporate Responsibility and Politics at AUDI AG in Ingolstadt. He has held lectures on the ‘Trends and developments in automotive engineering’ since winter semester 2007-08.

Research

At the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering, the institutes typically address the whole value chain from scientific foundations up to application scenarios. The large size of the institutes allows them to build up interdisciplinary teams. The competitiveness of research is hard to quantify. Typical indicators are third-party funds and the number of publications. Third-party funds Third-party funds indicate that public bodies, such as the European Commission,

ministries and the DFG, or private entities such as industry and foundations trust in the competence and competitiveness of research performed at the department. During the last decade, third-party funds at the department almost tripled. This compares to a 52% increase of all research funding at German universities from 9.2 bil. (Mrd) Euros to 14.0 bil. (Mrd) Euros between 2005 and 2012 (most recent data available) – 120% at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering during the same period of time.

€ 60m

€ 50m

€ 40m

€ 30m

Third-party funding

€ 20m

€ 10m

€ 0m 2005

n State Ministries n Foundations

2006

2007

n Donations n DFG ExIni

2008

2009

n Test Authority n DFG SFB

2010

2011

2012

n Revenue n Priv. (other) n Industry n DFG Others n EU n Fed. Gov.

2013

2014

2015

n Found. Prof. n State

Third-party funding of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Blue: public funds; red: private funds; orange: other funds, usually not regarded as third party-funds

500 +8%

450 +9%

Publications in Peer Rewiewd Journals

400 350 300 250 200

379

415

450

150 100 50 0 2013

2014

2015 (preliminary data)

Publications Publications accepted in international journals through a peer review process are a key parameter for scientific output. They are referred to in most international research rankings. Since 2013, the Department of Mechanical Engineering has been systematically collecting publication data of its members and rewards qualified publications. Simultaneously, the number of published journal articles has increased continously.

Number of publications in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings, listed in Scopus or Web of Science, as reported to the departments’ administration.

Research

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Selected Highlights 2015 Brain-controlled Aircraft Flight n In simulator experiments at TUM’s Institute of Flight System Dynamics, pilots used only their brain activity to control the airplane’s movement.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Contact Institute of Flight System Dynamics www.fsd.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16061

Test subject with electrode cap

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Selected Highlights

Impression of experiments on brain-controlled flight

Imagine if airplanes were not controlled manually but with the help of so-called Brain Machine Interfaces that interpret the pilot’s brain activity. Pilots would have their hands free and physically disabled people could fly. The goal of the research project BRAINFLIGHT, a cooperation between TEKEVER, the Champalimaud Foundation, Eagle Science and the Technische Universität München, was to assess the performance of this concept. Flight control algorithms developed at TUM’s Institute of Flight System Dynamics enabled some pilots to successfully accomplish several tasks, including a landing approach in bad visibility. The experiments attracted international attention from experts and the media. Funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under the Grant Agreement 308914.

Publications n T. Fricke, V. Paixão, N. Loureiro, R. M. Costa, F. Holzapfel, ‘Brain Control of Horizontal Airplane Motion – A Comparison of Two Approaches’, AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference 2015, DOI: 10.2514/6.2015-0238. n T. Fricke, F. Holzapfel, ‘Applying Brain Machine Interfaces to Aircraft Control: Potentials and Challenges’, 56. Fachausschusssitzung Anthropotechnik der DGLR. n C. D. Heise, F. Holzapfel, ‘Uniform ultimate boundedness of a Model Reference Adaptive Controller in the presence of unmatched parametric uncertainties’, Proceedings of the 2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications, 2015, 7081139, pp. 149-154, DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081139 n F. Zhang, S. Braun, F. Holzapfel, ‘Physically integrated reference model and its aids in validation of requirements to flight control systems’, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, 2014, DOI: 10.2514/6.2014-0962

New ERC Advanced Grant Awarded n Prof. Nikolaus Adams, Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, has received an ERC Advanced Grant for his project ‘NANOSHOCK – Manufacturing Shock Interactions for Innovative Nanoscale Processes’.

Numerical simulation of a shock interaction with a droplet: pressure and drop surface of a water drop in air hit by a supersonic shockwave (Ma = 3).

The flow of liquids or gases is fundamental to most technical applications and natural phenomena. Among the most intriguing fluid dynamics events are shock waves, discontinuities in the macroscopic fluid state that can lead to extreme temperatures, pressures and concentrations of energy, which can be perceived, e.g. as supersonic boom of an aircraft or as originating from an explosion. The violence and yet the spatial localization of shockwaves presents us with a unique potential for in situ control of fluid processes with surgical precision. Applications range from kidney-stone lithotripsy and drug delivery to advanced aircraft design. How c an this potential be leveraged/harnessed? What mechanisms and inherent properties allow the formation and control of shocks in complex environments such as living organisms? How can shocks be generated in situ and targeted with high precision for drug delivery while minimizing side effects? What is the potential of reactive/ fluidic-process steering by shock-interaction manufacturing?

The objective is to answer these questions using state of the art computational methods, supported by benchmark quality experiments. Computations are based on advanced multi-resolution methods for multi-physics problems. Uncertainty quantification is employed to derive robust flow and shock-dynamic field designs. Paradigms and efficient computational tools are delivered to the scientific and engineering community. Prof. Nikolaus Adams has been Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at the TUM since 2004. Adams was elected as Fellow of the American Physical Society for his work on computational flow modeling in 2011. Jointly with a team of scientists from ETH Zurich, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and IBM, Adams received the 2013 Gordon Bell Prize for the largest and most efficient flow simulation. Publications n Fu, L.; Hu, X. Y.; Adams, N. A. (2016): ‘A family of high-order targeted ENO schemes for compressible-fluid simulations’, Journal of Computational Physics 305, pp. 333-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.10.037. n Han, L. H.; Hu, X. Y.; Adams, N. A. (2014): ‘Adaptive multi-resolution method for compressible multi-phase flows with sharp interface model and pyramid data structure’, Journal of Computational Physics 262, pp. 131152. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.12.061. n Luo, J.; Hu, X. Y.; Adams, N. A. (2015): ‘A conservative sharp interface method for incompressible multiphase flows’, Journal of Computational Physics 284, pp. 547-565. DOI: 10.1016/j. jcp.2014.12.044.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams Contact Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.aer.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16138

Schlieren-type image of a shock-bubble interaction. Using latest numerical methods allows to simulate accurately shock interactions with complex interface deformations.

Selected Highlights

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Large High Precision Lightweight Space Reflectors n Large high precision reflectors are envisaged for future applications in communication satellites, earth observation missions such as the measure­ment of earth’s biomass, and also space astronomy.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier

Dr.-Ing. Leri Datashvili Contact Institute of Lightweight Structures www.llb.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16096 Dr.-Ing. Leri Datashvili [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16161

A generic satellite with a large reflector

Laboratory model for thermo-mechanical and electrical test

Due to the size of such reflectors of 8 to 15 meters in diameter, they have to be densely stowed for launch but precisely deployed in orbit. They have to keep their predominantly parabolic reflecting shape within possibly µm-accuracy even under extreme temperature variations from +120°C down to -170°C. For that purpose, CFRP foldable structures are combined supporting reflecting surfaces composed of a new type of composite material based on carbon-fiber reinforced space compatible silicones (CFRS), i.e. a reinforced ‘rubber’. This allows dense stowage and at the same time high accuracy and stability in orbit. Appropriate material and design concepts have been developed under ESA contracts. Simulations and hardware tests with scaled laboratory models have now resulted in a technology readiness level which allowed ESA to give their go-ahead for verification tests of real scale demonstrators.

Variations of such reinforced flexible polymers also establish a basis for shape morphing structures which adapt their (outer) shape to achieve, for example, the best aerodynamic efficiency and also reduce radiated noise for aircraft wings and engine inlets. Publications n J.-C. Angevain, G. Rodrigues, J. Santiago-Prowald, C. Mangenot, L. Datashvili, ‘Phyllotactic arrangements of reflector mesh facets to decrease grating lobes’, 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 7228775, ISBN: 978-889070185-6 n L. Datashvili, H. Baier, ‘Derivation of different types of antenna reflectors from the principle of highly flexible structures’, 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 6901677, pp. 4-8, DOI: 10.1109/ EuCAP.2014.6901677

Deployment sequence of a downscaled laboratory model (silvery struts used as geometrical reference)

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Selected Highlights

Assisting Workers Utilizing Augmented Reality n Operational processes, in which a worker centers his attention on work items or operating equipment, can be assisted by an information presentation in the worker’s direct field of vision utilizing augmented reality technology. The institute fml applies this technology to different settings in the field of intralogistics.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Contact Institute for Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics www.fml.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15921

The order picker is assisted by information displayed through a smart glasses.

There are two main objects of research at the institute involving augmented reality. The First is Pick-by-Vision, a technology developed by the institute itself. Smart glasses are used to provide an order picker with context-sensitive information assisting him with the completion of an order. Thus, both of the order picker’s hands remain free for the relevant tasks like picking and placing. The worker no longer has to carry a physical pick list,

Information presentation on the windshield of an forklift truck. The driver is prompted to lift the fork to level ‘B’.

which often has shown as an error-prone process. The second augmented reality system is applied in a forklift truck. The innovative emissive projection display technology upgrades the windshield to a transparent display. The forklift driver is able to receive information in his direct field of vision and does not have to avert his eyes to a terminal or operating display. Publications n T. Rammelmeier, S. Galka, W. A. Günthner, ‘Error prevention in manual order picking’, Logistics Journal, 2012, pp. 1-8, DOI: 10.2195/lj_Proc_ rammelmeier_de_201210_01. n Günthner, W. A.; Bengler, C.; vom Stein, M.; Knott, V.: Einsatz der Augmented-Reality-Technologie zur Unterstützung des Fahrers von Flurförderzeugen. Research report. Lehrstuhl für Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik, Technische Universität München, Garching, 2015.

Selected Highlights

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Speed2E – Innovative Super-high Multiple-speed Concept for the Electrified Automotive Powertrain n Design trends for purely electric vehicle power units are increasingly focused on high-speed concepts, since the associated weight reduction increases vehicle range. However, extremely high speeds of electric motors lead to new challenges in terms of noise emission, efficiency and load carrying capacity of the employed powertrains.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Contact Institute of Machine Elements www.fzg.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15805 Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Idler [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15820

Funded by

based on a decision of the Deutscher Bundestag Assisted by

Speed2E powertrain layout

Speed2E is a collaborative project, funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi) and assisted by the Research Association for Drive Technology e. V. (FVA). The goal of this project is to design and investigate an electro-mechanical high-speed powertrain. It consists of two high-speed electric engines with up to 30,000 rpm and a gearbox consisting of two parallel partial transmissions. One of these is designed to be shiftable. The switching operation of the electrically synchronized claw clutch can be carried out by the two power paths and the overload capacity of the engines without interrupting traction. By tripling today’s conventional engine speeds of about 10,000 rpm, the volume and mass of the engine can be cut approximately in half compared to today’s standards and the engine costs can be reduced by about 30%. In theory, the power density, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of electrified automotive powertrains can therefore be increased significantly. Consortium leader FZG (Technische Universität München)

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Selected Highlights

Cooperation partners IMKT (Leibniz Universität Hannover), IAL (Leibniz Universität Hannover), IMS (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Lenze AG, GETRAG GmbH & Cie KG Publications n Stahl, K.; Idler, S.; Poll, G.; Friedl, A.: Super-Hochdrehzahl-Konzept für den elektrifizierten Antriebsstrang. Konstruktion, Heft: 10 n Stahl, K.; Idler, S.: Der Speed2E-Hochdrehzahl-Antriebsstrang. 7. E-Motive Expertenforum ‘Elektrische Fahrzeug­ antriebe’. n Gwinner, Ph.; Idler, S.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Verzahnungsdesign für einen Hochdrehzahl-E-Antrieb. VDI-Berichte 2256. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015/Drivetrain for Vehicles 2015. n Hoehn, B.-R., Stahl, K., Gwinner, P., Wiesbeck, F., ‘Torque-vectoring driveline for electric vehicles’, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2012, Volume 191 LNEE, Issue VOL. 3, 2013, Pages 585-593, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-64233777-2_48

Structured Tubes for Improved Heat Exchanger Efficiency n At the Institute of Plant and Process Technology structured tubes for condensation heat exchangers have been investigated. Results show an improvement of up to 900% in the outer heat transfer coefficient for condensation of solvents used in large-scale chemical processes.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Contact Institute of Plant and Process Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16501

Condensation on a horizontal low-finned tube made of stainless steel. The small fins provide an enlarged surface for heat transfer and enhance drainage of the condensate.

Experiments carried out at the Institute of Plant and Process Technology showed a high potential for use of low-finned tubes for condensation in chemical processes. Due to an increased surface for heat transfer and improved fluid dynamic characteristics of condensate flow, such structured tubes can improve significantly the efficiency of heat exchangers in chemical plants. The outer heat transfer coefficient of those tubes can be nine times as high as for a comparable conventional plain tube. The condensation of different pure solvents and mixtures on horizontal lowfinned tubes made of different materials was investigated. Alongside, a model was developed with adaption of the experimental results, which allows dimensioning of new improved heat exchangers for condensation with higher efficiency. Funding Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 033RC1013D)

Publications n Reif, A.; Büchner, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: ‘Determination of the outer condensation heat transfer coefficient of pure fluids on a horizontal low-finned tube’, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Volume 87, Issue 3, March 2015, pp. 260-269, DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400044 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: ‘Examination of the condensation of pure substances on a horizontal lowfinned tube bundle’, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Volume 87, Issue 3, March 2015, pp. 270-279, DOI: 10.1002/ cite.201400043 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: ‘Difficulties of uniform examination of heat transfer for condensation on structured tubes’, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Volume 87, Issue 3, March 2015, pp. 301-305, DOI: 10.1002/ cite.201400050

Comparison of a conventional plain tube (left) and a low-finned tube (right). In the upper half, cut views of the tubes are shown. The tubes and pictures were provided by Wieland-Werke AG.

Selected Highlights

25

Facts and Figures Staff Full professors 30 Associate professors 10 Staff (total) 1115 Researchers 765 (including doctoral candidates, provided they are employed)

Students Total Bachelor Master

4578 2392 students total (6 semester program) 634 freshmen 834 graduations 2186 students total (4 semester program) 1016 freshmen 777 graduations

Doctoral Program Candidates Dissertations

900 136

Funding State budget 4 M Euros incl. 2 M Euros tuition funds 20 M Euros equiv. State positions Acquired research funding 55 M Euros (2015; 48 M Euros in 2014) 26 M Euros Public sources 29 M Euros Private sources (of which about 50% each direct cooperation and consortia) 700 externally funded research projects

Research Output Publications Citations Patents Start-ups

450 (preliminary, based on Scopus and ISI WoS) 4846 (preliminary, based on Scopus and ISI WoS) 15 9 2015 (40 within the last 10 years)

Premises All figures refer to the calendar year 2015, unless stated otherwise.

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Facts and Figures

Total Office space Lab and workshop

60,000 sq.m. 20,000 sq.m. 30,000 sq.m.

Ranking Results

The Department of Mechanical Engineering is one of the most successful faculties of its kind worldwide. In 2015, the top placements of recent years were surpassed in the main research rankings. The basis of this success is both very good conditions for teaching and an excellent research record, based on a balanced mix of publicly and industry-funded projects, and demonstrated by quality publications.

Rank 1

Rank 20

Rank 50

THE World University Ranking The Times Higher Education Ranking evaluates universities in their specialist areas according to their teaching and research performance, based primarily on citations, teaching indicators and research volume. According to this ranking, TUM engineering occupies the top place amongst German universities. Placement of Engineering Sciences Worldwide: TUM Engineering Sciences: 27 (2015-16) Previous Years: 28 (2014-15), 26 (201314), > 50 (2012-13), 43 (2011-12), >50 (2010/11)

Taiwan Ranking The National Taiwan University Ranking is based exclusively on the number of publications, citations and h-indexes – primarily from the past decade. It therefore reacts very slowly to the process of change. Evaluation is subject-specific meaning that parts of the Department of Mechanical Engineering are not assessed (e.g. process technology and materials science). The TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering demonstrates particularly high performance ratings with regard to highly cited publications (‘HiCi’ rank 21) and publications in frequently cited journals (‘High-Impact Journal Articles’, rank 51).

Top 20 worldwide in Mechanical Engineering Top 50

36

33

23

30

19

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

QS World University Ranking (Mechanical Engineering, 2015. Academic Reputation, employer reputation, citations per publication and h-index

QS World University Ranking by Subject The QS World University Ranking by Subject evaluates universities according to the academic reputation, employer reputation, number of citations per publication and h-index. In the past years our department has been placed amongst the top faculties in Europe. In 2015, TUM Mechanical Engineering was ranked amongst the top 20 departments worldwide. Placement of Mechanical Engineering Worldwide: TUM Mechanical Engineering: 19 (2015) Previous Years: 30 (2014), 23 (2013), 33 (2012), 36 (2011)

U-Multirank The new international university ranking system U-Multirank compares universities and subjects according to 30 different criteria but does not compile a comprehensive ranking list. When considering the relevant teaching and research metrics of universities worldwide, the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering occupies top places among those conferring doctorates.

Placement of Mechanical Engineering Worldwide: TUM Mechanical Engineering: 55 (2015) Previous years: 68 (2014), 64 (2013), 78 (2012), 118 (2011) Ranking Results

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Projects and Clusters Collaborative Research Projects Institutes and specialist groups at the Department of Mechanical Engineering are participants in the following collaborative research projects:

Special Research Areas SFB 768: Managing Cycles in Innovation Processes – Integrated Development of Product-Service Systems based on Technical Products Spokesperson: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Automation and Information Systems Active since 2008

SFB TR40: Technological Foundations for the Design of Thermally and Mechanically Highly Loaded Components for Future Space Transport Systems Spokesperson: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

SFB TR10: Integration of Forming, Separation and Joining for the Flexible Manufacture of Lightweight LoadBearing Structures Spokesperson: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Erman Tekkaya Technical University of Dortmund Department of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction Active since 2003

SFB 863: Forces in Biomolecular Systems Spokesperson: Prof. Dr. Matthias Rief Technische Universität München Department of Physics Institute of Biophysics Active since 2010

SFB 1032: Nanoagents for Spatiotemporal Control of Molecular and Cellular Reactions Spokesperson: Professor Dr. Joachim Rädler Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Physics Institute of Experimental Physics, Solid State Physics

Active since 2008 Active since 2012

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Projects and Clusters

DFG Focus Programs SPP 1276: MetStröm: ScaleIndependent Modelling in Flow Mechanics and Meterology Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rupert Klein Free University of Berlin Mathematics and Informatics Local participant: Prof. Polifke

SPP1551: Resource-Efficient Structural Elements Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. B.-R. Höhn Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Machine Elements Local participants: Prof. Höhn, Prof. Reinhart, Prof. Stahl

SPP 1593: Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Ursula Goltz Technical University of Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Local participant: Prof. Vogel-Heuser

SPP 1676 Dry Metal Forming – Sustainable Production through Dry Processing in Metal Forming Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Vollertsen University of Bremen Department of Welding and Allied Processes

SPP 1748: Reliable Simulation Techniques in Solid Mechanics. Development of Non-standard Discretisation Methods, Mechanical and Mathematical Analysis Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Schröder University of Duisburg-Essen Institute of Mechanics Local participants: Dr. Popp, Prof.Wall

DFG Research Training Group GRK 1095: Aero-thermodynamic Design of a Scramjet – Propulsion Systems for Future Space Transport Systems Spokesperson: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Weigand University of Stuttgart Institute of Thermodynamics for Aerospace

SPP 1640: Joining by Plastic Deformation Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Peter Groche Technische Universität Darmstadt Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Local participants: Prof. Volk, Prof. Zäh

Projects and Clusters

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EU Projects (coordinated) NANOSHOCK: Manufacturing Shock Interactions for Innovative Nanoscale Processes

LEEToRB: Lightweight, Energy-Efficient Tooling for the Manufacturing of Rotor Blades

Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Technische Universität München Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.aer.mw.tum.de

Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Technische Universität München Institute of Carbon Composites http://cordis.europa.eu/project/ rcn/111451_en.html

Aero-Sim: Development of a Selective Laser Melting Simulation Tool for Aero Engine applications

MORPHELLE: Morphing Enabling Technologies for Propulsion System Nacelles

Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Technische Universität München Institute of Machine Tools and Manufactur­­­ing Technology www.iwb.tum.de/aerosim

Coordinator: Prof. Horst Baier Technische Universität München Institute of Lightweight Structure Cordis.europa.eu/projects/rcn/ 110779_en.html

ATHENAI: Aerodynamic Testing of Helicopter Novel Air Intakes

OnCord: Online Corrosion Monitoring for the Combined Combustion of Coal and Chlorine-rich Biomasses in Pulverised Fuel and Circulating Fluidised Bed Systems

Coordinator: Apl. Prof. Dr. Christian Breitsamter Technische Universität München Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.athenai.tum.de

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Projects and Clusters

Coordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Technische Universität München Institute of Energy Systems http://oncord.eu

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Aerospace n The entire chain of usage scenarios and mission planning in the aero­ space field is mapped at the Department of Mechanical Engineering – everything from overall aircraft design down to material and structural principles, propulsion and aerodynamics. A hallmark of this research field is its integration in the excellent research environment in Munich featuring industrial partners such as Airbus Group, Airbus Helicopter, Airbus Defence & Space, MTU Aero Engines, IABG, Liebherr Aerospace,

Kayser-Threde as well as Munich Aero­ space, a joint research and academic platform between TUM, Universität der Bundeswehr (University of the German Army) and the DLR.

Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung, Institute of Aircraft Design Phone +49.89.289.15981 [email protected] www.lls.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Adams, Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.aer.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier, Institute of Lightweight Structures www.llb.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Carlo Bottasso, Institute of Wind Energy www.wind.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Institute of Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn (interim), Institute of Flight Propulsion www.lfa.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn, Space Propulsion Group www.lfa.mw.tum.de Image: TUM HT

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek, Institute of Helicopter Technology

New Testfacility: UAS Propulsion System Testcenter

www.ht.mw.tum.de

The Institute of Aircraft Design has started operation of a novel test facility to test entire propulsion systems for UAS and other small aircraft. The test facility en­­ ables testing of entire propulsion systems ranging from electric-driven propeller-­

based systems up to fully integrated small jet engines including intake as well as thrust vectoring devices. www.lls.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel, Institute of Flight System Dynamics www.fsd.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach, Flow Control and Aeroacoustics Group www.aer.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Walter, Institute of Astronautics www.lrt.mw.tum.de

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

31

Image: TUM FSD

Research Aircraft: Fly-by-Wire Testbed The Institute of Flight System Dynamics successfully completed the first flight tests of the fly-by-wire system, developed by the institute itself, for its DA-42 MNG research aircraft. The system features a multi-stage safety system and allows full-­­authority high bandwidth operation of all control axes including their respective trim functions as well as separate autothrottles. The system is equipped with a large variety of sensor systems including high quality reference sensors. This allows a large variety of research, development and demonstration flight tests to be performed, pioneering technologies for

32

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

manned and unmanned aerial systems from manual direct control to automated mission accomplishment. The system is operated in close cooperation with Diamond Aircraft. It is complemented by hardware and pilot-in-the-loop simulation facilities at TUM-FSD that can even be coupled to the new high-precision navigation turntable, the 48 channel space segment simulator or the actuator test rigs. www.fsd.mw.tum.de Funded by the Bavarian Ministry for Economics

Automotive n The automotive field is one of the most important ones at the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Almost every institute is involved via a most diverse range of projects. In addition to vehicle and usage concepts, particular emphasis is also placed on the powertrain, driver assistance systems as well as the use of new materials and the production process. One focal area is how to ensure the viability of individual transport through efficient vehicles in the face of increasing resource shortages.

The Munich metropolitan area probably has the highest density of prestigious car manufacturers in the world, a very important factor for this field. Key scientific challenges lie in understanding combustion processes and the properties of materials.

Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp, Institute of Automotive Technology Phone +49.89.289.15345 [email protected] www.ftm.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler, Institute of Ergonomics www.lfe.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann, Institute of Automatic Control www.rt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg, Institute for Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines www.vib.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart, Institute for Industrial Management and Assembly Tech­ nologies www.iwb.tum.de

Project aCar Mobility The research project deals with the mobility needs in rural areas of subSaharan Africa in the years 2020 to 2030. The overarching objective is to develop a coherent concept vehicle which addresses the problems of transportation for goods and people in these rural areas. The vehicle will enable better access to health

care, education and information in the remote areas by using modular add-on digital technology. www.acar.tum.de

www.fzg.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, Institute of Metal Forming and Casting www.utg.mw.tum.de

Funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation (BFS)

Project EEBatt – Interdisciplinary Energy Storage Research Project Combining the strength of 13 chairs and departments of the Technische Universität München a multidisciplinary team of researchers who work together on a wide range of issues concerning stationary storage of electrical energy. Special attention is paid to the reduction of costs and the carbon footprint at the system level through the secondary use of vehicle batteries. Through the use of

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Institute of Machine Elements

already used lithium-ion traction batteries the production emissions and the energy required can be allocated to two life cycles which reduces the carbon footprint of the storage.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister, Institute of Internal Combustion Engines www.lvk.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh, Institute for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology www.iwb.tum.de

www.eebatt.tum.de Funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

33

Energy Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff, Institute of Energy Systems Phone +49.89.289.16272 [email protected] www.es.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Carlo Bottasso, Institute of Wind Energy www.wind.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar Haidn (interim), Institute of Flight Propulsion www.lfa.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein, Institute of Plant and Process Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Rafael MacianJuan, Ph.D., Institute of Nuclear Technology

n A sustainable energy supply is one of the essential requirements for the future of our society. The goals of reducing CO2 emissions, achieving cost effectiveness and societal acceptance make for a field fraught with controversy. The Department of Mechanical Engineering has been a hothouse of research in energy technology and thermodynamics ever since the days of Carl von Linde and Wilhelm Nußelt. The department has a particularly excellent reputation in the areas of combustion technology and the development of very efficient power stations. Our research and teaching portfolio in renewable energy has been expanded considerably in recent years e.g. through the new Institute of Wind Energy, although institutes covering biomass, geothermal and solar energy have existed for even longer.

Center for Power Generation

www.ntech.mw.tum.de

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D., Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Group www.tfd.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer, Institute of Thermodynamics

The Center for Power Generation is a research alliance within the Technical University of Munich with the goal of combining skills and knowledge in the fields of chemistry, electrical and mechanical engineering and physics. Its primary focus

is the conversion, transport and storage of energy but it also investigates areas such as load spreading and infrastructure. www.powergen.mse.tum.de

www.td.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu, Plasma Material Inter­ action Group www.pmw.mw.tum.de

Energy Valley Bavaria – Flexible Power Stations The ‘Energy Valley Bavaria’ project consists of an interdisciplinary team investigating the effects of the energy revolution on generation systems and electricity grids. Investigative research is carried out at the Institute of Thermodynamics on increasing the flexibility of gas turbines and analysis is carried out at the Institute

of Energy Systems on the dynamic behavior of steam generators. The results form the basis of dynamic process simulations which illustrate all the processes at work in power stations. www.evb.mse.tum.de

Holistic Design of Wind Turbines The Institute of Wind Energy develops versatile design tools for wind generators. Designing a wind generator should result in generation costs being minimised. However, this presents a very complex engineering challenge requiring many 34

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

input parameters to be optimised e.g. efficiency, material and production costs for all components, assembly costs as well as operation and maintenance. Several other general conditions must likewise be taken into account.

Materials n Materials make it possible to determine the manufacture of constituent parts, transmit forces, determine the efficiency levels of machines and the compatibility of medical implants. All three major materials categories, polymers/plastics, metals and ceramics, as well as those derived from them, e.g. carbon composites and other composite materials, play a significant role in research and teaching at the department. Key research areas include ultra-precise antennae which can be used in space for satellite navigation, manufacturing medical components in sterile environments for use in the human body or the automated manufacture of load-bearing vehicle or aircraft parts. The Institute

for Materials Research and Testing in Mechan­­­­­ical Engineering (part of the Bavarian government) is another highlight which illustrates how our wide ranging material analyses enable deep insights into all solid materials.

Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing Erich Wintermantel, Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering Phone +49.89.289.16700 [email protected] www.medtech.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Horst Baier, Institute of Lightweight Structures www.llb.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Klaus Drechsler, Institute of Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Michael W. Gee, Mechanics and High Performance Computing Group www.mhpc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu, Plasma Material Interaction Group www.pmw.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wall, Institute of Computational Mechanics www.lnm.mw.tum.de

FORCiM3A CRP is regarded as the ‘material of the future’ which has so far led to innovations spanning many sectors. However, one area in which CRP has not yet found a foothold is machine and factory construction. Whilst some successful combinations of steel and carbon have been achieved in industry, simply replacing metal with carbon is not possible. Surmounting this hurdle will therefore remain at the forefront of research and development work undertaken by FORCiM3A. Hybrid joining techniques i.e. the combination of metal and CRP is a requirement for thorough integration into the world of steel construction and with that the secure joining in all relevant geometrical configurations and

mechanical load scenarios. The advantage of CRP components, other than their light weight and increased strength, is that they may last longer and be even more precise. This is due to their higher material fatigue resistance when compared to metals. The tasks of FORCiM3A include designing the relevant CRP compatible components (drive shaft, clutch, underlying structure, spring elements), designing the composite CRP-metal material used for the components and checking its stability against outside influences during operation e.g. temperature, aggressive media or frequent changes in load.

Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner, Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials www.wkm.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Sport Equipment and Materials Group www.spgm.tum.de

Funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

35

First-Wall Materials for Fusion Reactors In magnetically confined fusion plasma, the hot plasma core is largely separated from the first wall. Nevertheless high-energy particles can escape from the confined plasma and collide with the surrounding wall. In this way, electromagnetic radiation from the plasma reaches the wall material. In the case of burning fusion plasma, the neutrons produced can enter the wall material and alter its characteristics through atomic shift and conversion reactions. In today’s fusion plants, such reactions are counteracted with modern high-per-

formance materials. The research work, being carried out at the Max Planck Institute, serves to examine more deeply the complex interaction processes between plasma and wall materials and then, based on this knowledge, to develop new materials with improved characteristics which can be used for wall components that may be subject to plasma radiation. www.ipp.mpg.de/9044/pww Funded by EUROfusion

PolyTol Plastics/polymer processing in Germany is cost-effective for highly complex and engineered processes. The decisive quality characteristics in injection molding are, in particular for medical products, the early prediction and maintenance of close tolerances for the components being produced. Influencing factors extend from molded-part construction and simulation through injection molding tools and their manufacture to the choice of polymers and the appropriate injection molding machine technology. The PolyTol project will develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors influ-

encing the tolerances of injection-molded components. The most important factors in the development and manufacturing chain will be taken into account and ways of predicting the required maximum target values will be developed. www.medtech.mw.tum.de/ index.php?id=27 Funded by KME – Kompetenzzentrum Mittelstand GmbH (www.kme-mittelstand.de)

Christian Doppler Laboratory The Christian Doppler Laboratory investigates the material mechanics of high performance alloys and is part of the Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials at the TUM. Its mission is to characterise the material and component properties as they relate to the parameters of the manufacturing process. The primary research areas include the investigation of mechanical properties, microstructure development and the

36

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

development of residual stress. Research focused on practical applications as well as theoretical research for individual plans is limited to materials, components and manufacturing processes already being used in industry or whose implementation is planned in the near future. www.wkm.mw.tum.de/cd-labor Funded by the Christian Doppler Research Association

Mechatronics n Mechatronics focuses on the analysis, design and construction of active systems enabled by the symbiotic interaction between mechanical components, actuators, sensors and computer control. The Department of Mechanical Engineering of TUM hosts several experts dealing with a diversity of applications. Sometimes denoted as intelligent structures, mechatronical systems integrate actuators and sensors in structural components in order to perform specific tasks under the steering of a controller. Exploiting the latest advances in computational methods, control algorithms and sensor/ actuator technology, the Department of

Mechanical Engineering is internationally recognized for its contribution in developing innovative methodologies and components as well as for contributing to highly pioneering applications in several societally important fields: aerospace and cars, but also sport equipment, medical devices and walking robots.

Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth, Institute of Micro Techno­ logy and Medical Device Technology Phone +49.89.289.15190 [email protected] www.mimed.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Michael Gee, Mechanics and High Performance Computing Group www.mhpc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Continu­ ­um Mechanics Group www.contmech.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann, Institute of Product Development www.pe.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann, Institute of Automatic Control www.rt.mw.tum.de A research plant at the Institute of Automation and Information Systems, part of the Industrie 4.0 Roadmap

Industry 4.0 – Putting More Intelligence into Modern Production Since June 3, 2015, the platform Industrie 4.0 coordinates all activities strongly supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. To date, 208 application examples (among

others, the MyJoghurt demonstrator operated by AIS at Technical University of Munich) have been affiliated affiliated in the roadmap Industrie 4.0.

Prof. Dr. Julien Provost, Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems www.ses.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Daniel Rixen, Institute of Applied Mechanics www.amm.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Sport Equipment and Materials Group

i40d.ais.mw.tum.de

www.spgm.tum.de

SFB 768 Cycle Management of Innovation Processes – Interlocking Development of Service Bundles on the Basis of Technical Products The development of innovative product and service combinations presents companies with a variety of challenges. In many cases it is the only way for companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Success in this field requires development, product and use cycles to match up with each other and be understood in the context of

customer relationships. These innovation processes are investigated in the SFB 768 project. In 2015, the project team successfully applied for phase three of this DFG Collaborative Research Center. The total project duration therefore will be from January 2008 to December 2019.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Institute of Automation and Information Systems www.ais.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wall, Institute of Computational Mechanics www.lnm.mw.tum.de

www.sfb768.de Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

37

Medical Technology Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth, Institute of Micro Techno­ logy and Medical Device Technology

n Medical technology is one of the highest revenue generating sectors in Germany and across the world.

www.imetum.tum.de/ forschung/biologischehydrogele/allgemein

Despite this there are only three large university centres in Germany operating in this field: RWTH Aachen, FAU Erlangen and the Technische Universität München. In direct contrast to sectors such as auto­motive technology and aerospace, medical technology is characterised by companies with fewer than 50 employees with the one important exception being manufacturers of medical imaging equipment.

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wall, Institute of Computational Mechanics

Multi-arm Snake-like Manipulator for Minimally-invasive Surgery

Phone +49.89.289.15190 [email protected] www.mimed.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg, Biomechanics Group

www.lnm.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Erich Wintermantel, Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering www.medtech.mw.tum.de

Today’s medical interventions are required to be less invasive, less time consuming and should reduce the operative and post-operative stresses for the patient. By researching medical robotics, in combination with modern manufacturing methods such as 3D-printing, we have developed a purely mechanical manipulator, to meet those requirements in minimally-invasive surgery. Our Multi-arm snake-like manipulator consists of a monolithic and adaptable

tip with two manipulator- and one camera-arm. Patient individual and task specific systems can be produced just in time within 24 hours by selective laser sintering. In order to to be able to test our concepts with clinical trials and evaluation, this system has been developed in line with the medical device directive 93/42 EWG. Funded by the German Research Foundation

RapidNAM An average of one in 500 new-born babies in Europe exhibits a cleft lip and palate. With nasoalveolar molding (NAM), the alveolar ridges can be brought closer together using hand-made plates and nasal stents which improve the shape of the typically flattened nostrils. In this manner, a severe cleft deformity can be minimised and subsequent surgery is simpler and the number of operations can be reduced. The manufacture by hand of NAM plates and stents used until now required great experience and was very time consuming, not only for the medical staff but also for the young patients and their parents. The RapidNAM project intends to produce NAM 38

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

appliances automatically and in advance, based on an initial jaw and nose cast, using digital planning and a generative production method. The highest priority is to ensure that the natural growth of the young patients is not hindered. The project is collaborating with the in- and out-patients Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the TUM hospital, Klinikum rechts der Isar. For further information see: www.nasoalveolar-molding.med.tum.de/ rapidnam/ www.medtech.mw.tum.de/index.php?id=27 Funded by the Zeidler-Forschungs-Stiftung

Process Engineering n Process engineering is a key technology for all production industries. Process engineering at the Department of Mechanical Engineering is focused on thermal process engineering and plant engineering, bioprocess and biochemical engineering, systems biotechnology and bioseparation engineering. The mission is to solve process engineering challenges of the future in an interdisciplinary environment and with respect to industry sectors

such as chemistry, biotechnology, pharma and environmental engineering. Process engineering at the Department of Mechanical Engineering forms the engineering science core of the interdisciplinary TUM-Research Center for Industrial Biotechnology with a pilot plant on an m3-scale operated in Garching.

Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz, Institute of Biochemical Engineering Phone +49.89.289.15712 [email protected] www.biovt.mw.tum.de

Members Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier, Bioseparation Group www.biovt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein, Institute of Plant and Process Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling, Systems Biotechnology Group www.biovt.mw.tum.de

Biotechnology 2020+: Basic Technologies for the Next Generation of Bioprocesses New tools for dynamic process optimization based on mathematical models of cellular metabolism and signal transduction pathways are the objectives of the Systems Biotechnology group. The junior research group Biocatalysis works on the design, characterization and biocatalytic application of artificial multi-enzyme

membrane reactors on a nano-scale at the Institute of Biochemical Engineering. The Bioseparation Engineering group is focused on the rational design of peptide-surface interactions for selective separation of proteins. Funded by BMBF

!nnovA2 – Innovative Apparatus and Plant Concepts for Increasing the Efficiency of Production Processes The !nnovA2 project involves research into condensation on microstructured surfaces in order to increase the efficiency of heat exchangers. The goal of this project is to expand the effect of condensation on

mixtures of gases; the mixing effect in particular warranting thorough investigation. Funded by BMBF

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

39

Production and Logistics Contact Coordinator Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart, Institute of Machine Tools and Industrial Management www.iwb.mw.tum.de [email protected]

Members Prof. Dr. Klaus Bengler, Institute of Ergonomics

n Production technology is – in addition to the automotive industry – Germany’s top export and one of the pillars of the Department of Mechanical Engineering since its inception. For a long time, special emphasis has been placed on integrating enhancements into the entire process chain, from the design phase to the customer, rather than considering individual stages in isolation. Closely related to this are fundamental research and application, such as the question of

how to simulate and suppress oscillations in production machinery, how to implement models for optimization of the design and production process, or how new materials can be processed resource-efficiently. A sample of production technology highlights follow:

www.lfe.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Institute of Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald Günthner, Institute of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics www.fml.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Institute of Automation and Information Systems www.ais.mw.tum.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, Institute of Metal Forming and Casting Phone +49.89.289.13791 www.utg.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh, Institute of Machine Tools and Industrial Management www.iwb.mw.tum.de

Production of individualized coffee machine components in the InnoCyFer demonstration scenario at TUM

InnoCyFer – Bionic Control of Production Systems for Manufacturing Customised Products The InnoCyFer project focusses on the individualization of lifestyle consumer products. A web-based open-innovation platform provides customers with a toolkit that allows them to design products, within the scope of what is technically feasible and according to their own ideas without the need for specific skills. New

40

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

production planning and control methods based on biomimetic algorithms allow the efficient production of the individual components on autonomous production systems. This project is sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

Lifting Aid – Development and Verification of Body-worn Lifting Equipment for Work Support As a result of demographic change, new assistance systems are at present becoming increasingly important for people. An advantage of the use of assistance systems in the field of manual handling is to reduce the loads acting on the human body. At the same time, the working conditions of manual handling can be improved by such a system and this possibility ensures injury-free work. These advantages can be combined in an ergonomic body-worn lifting aid. In September 2013, the Institute of Ergonomics at the

Technical University Munich (TUM) started the three-year project ‘Lifting Aid’ together with five project partners from the industry and research sector. The project aims to develop a body-worn lifting aid that can be optimally adapted to the anatomy of the human body in order to compensate for declining physical abilities and thus contribute to the health prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders. Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research

IMPROVE – Innovative Modeling Approaches for Production Systems to Raise Validatable Efficiency The IMPROVE project aims to research self-diagnosis, self-optimisation and HMIs using Big Data and Industrie 4.0 technologies. This greatly extends the capacities of learn accurate virtual factory models

of complex, large, and distributed plants through the use of real time analytics. Funded by the European Union, Grant Agreement No. 678867

Agents for Project Scheduling in Logistics The resource-constrained project scheduling is a recurring complex problem in the field of logistics. The planning process should be as simple as possible and, in the case of deviations from the original plan, rescheduling has to be easy as well. For this task, the suitability of an agent-

based approach for resource-constrained project scheduling has to be investigated. With the use of individual agents, specific requirements of different industries or applications can be considered. Founded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).

Divisions of the Department of Mechanical Engineering

41

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

Source: Astrid Eckert

Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer

Dr.-Ing. Jinming Lu

With about 5000 students enrolled in winter semester 2015-16, the Department of Mechanical Engineering is the largest department of the Technische Universität München (TUM) based on the number of students. In terms of teaching, the department offers study programs that combine classical, in-depth education for mechanical engineers with new aspects such as cutting-edge technology, interdisciplinary research and the development of ‘soft skills’, thus preparing students for their future in research, development and/ or production. The Department of Mechanical Enginee­r­ ing offers one Bachelor’s degree program and ten Master’s degree programs (see figure below). BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAM

In addition, the Department of Mechanical Engineering collaborates with other TUM departments and offers Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs including ‘Teaching at Vocational Schools – Metal Engineering’ (organized by the TUM School of Education) and ‘Chemical Engineering’ (organized by the Department of Chemistry), the Master’s programs ‘Power Engineering’ (organized by the Department of Electrical and Information Technology) and ‘Robotics, Cognition, Intelligence’ (organized by the Department of Computer Science), the Bachelor’s program ‘Engineering Sciences’ as well as the Master’s programs ‘Industrial Biotechnology’ and ‘Human Factors Engineering’ (run by the Munich School of Engineering).   MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMS Aerospace Automotive and Combustion Engine Technology Energy and Process Engineering Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical Engineering and Management Mechatronics and Information Technology Medical Technology and Engineering Nuclear Technology Product Development and Engineering Design Production and Logistics

Degree programs offered and organized by TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering. Source: www.mw.tum.de/en/degree-programmes, retrieved 14/12/2015.

42

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

Bachelor’s Degree Program ‘Mechanical Engineering’ Profile During the first four semesters of the program, students acquire profound knowledge of mathematics, natural sciences and several fundamental fields of engineering. These challenging modules are compulsory and prepare the students for more specific and advanced subjects. In the 5th and 6th semesters, students choose five out of 40 specialized Bachelor modules as well as a supplementary course and practical courses from a broad variety of options. In addition, compulsory internships in industry of at least 18 weeks in total and the Bachelor’s thesis prepare students for work as an engineer or for one of the ten more specialized Master’s degree programs. The curriculum of the Bachelor’s degree program is illustrated in the figure below.  

The Bachelor’s degree program ‘Mechanical Engineering’ addresses students interested in natural sciences and technology. Within this three-year program (six semesters), students acquire fundamental knowledge, basic methodological skills as well as soft skills required for a mechanical engineer. The program has a total of 180 credits of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). Admission To maintain the high quality standards of TUM all applicants have to undergo an aptitude assessment evaluating their overall performance in the university entrance examinations, knowledge in mathematics and physics, language skills, and general motivation. Excellent applicants are admitted directly to the Bachelor’s degree program. Good applicants can be admitted to the Bachelor’s degree program after demonstrating their skills and motivation in interviews.

3 4

6 Mathematics II

6 Technical Mechanics I

2 CAD I

6 Technical Mechanics II

4 Mathematics III

7 Technical Mechanics III

5 Automatic Control

5 Fluid Mechanics I

5

5 Bachelor module I

5 Bachelor module II

6

5 Bachelor module III

5 Bachelor module IV

3 3 Information Technical Techn. I Electricity I

4 CAD II

5 Information Technology II

6 Machine Elements I

4 Design & Production

2 Soft Skills II 2 Physics Lab

13 Internship in Industry

4 Practical Course II

11 Bachelor’s Thesis 30 per semester

1

5 Master module I

5 Master module II

5 Master module III

2

5 Master module IV

5 Master module V

5 Master module VI

5 Master module VII

3

5 Master module VIII

5 Master module IX

5 Master module X

5 Master module XI

27 Master’s Thesis ECTS (total: 120)

2 Soft Skills I

4 2 Heat Transfer Business Phenomena Admin.

ECTS (total: 180)

4

3 Chemistry

6 Thermodynamics

5 Materials Science II

4 Practical Course I

5 Bachelor module V

3 Technical Electricity II

5 Materials Science I

9 Machine Elements II 3 Supplem. Course

4 Physics

B AC HE LO R O F SC I EN C E

2

7 Mathematics I

4 Practical Course I

11 Semester Project 4 Practical Course II 5 Master module XII

3 Supplem. Course I

3 Supplem. Course II

3 Supplem. Course III

2 Soft Skills I

3 Scientific Writing

M ASTE R OF SC IE NC E

1

F OUN D AT I ON COUR S E

Semester

30 per semester

Structure of the Bachelor’s and Master's degree programs at TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering with number of credits allocated to each module. Source: Dean's office

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

43

Master’s Degree Programs The Department of Mechanical Engineering offers ten Master’s degree programs which enable students to deepen their knowledge of selected topics acquired during the Bachelor’s degree program. Each of the two-year programs has a total of 120 ECTS credits. Admission All applicants have to undergo an aptitude assessment procedure consisting of two stages. In the first stage, the applicants’ grades, knowledge of advanced mathematics, engineering mechanics, engineering materials and machine elements (for some programs also thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, automatic control and/or information technology), and motivation are evaluated. Applicants who are not admitted directly after the first stage have to pass a written test, which is the second stage of the aptitude assessment procedure.

44

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

Profile During the first three semesters, students choose 12 out of more than 160 Master modules, which are specialized courses consisting of at least three 45-minute units per week. Additionally, students have to take two (out of about 130) practical courses in which they work individually or in small groups on tasks such as programming or carrying out experiments. Furthermore, students choose three supplementary courses and soft skills workshops from a broad variety of options. Opportunities to obtain insights into research are offered to the students within the ‘Semester project’ and the Master’s thesis, which are supervised by professors and scientific assistants. The curriculum of the Master’s degree program is illustrated in the figure on page 43.  

Facts and Figures

5000

Since winter semester (WS) 2010-11 the total number of students has varied between 4300 and 5000. About 15% of the student body is female. As shown in the adjacent diagram the number of Master’s degree students increased steadi­­ly after the old ‘Diplom’ degree program was replaced by B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs in WS 2008-09.

4000

Number of full time students

3000

2000

1000

0 WS 2010-11

WS 2011-12

n Diplom male

WS 2012-13

n Master female

WS 2013-14

n Master male

WS 2014-15

n Bachelor female

WS 2015-16 n Bachelor male

Number of full-time students enrolled in degree programs offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineering (at the beginning of each winter semester). Source: TUM in Zahlen, www.tum.de/die-tum/die-universitaet/die-tum-in-zahlen/, retrieved 14/12/2015

1800 1600 1400 Number of first semester students

The third diagram shows the number of graduations in each of the degree programs and the percentage of students graduating after the standard duration of study, which is six semesters for the B.Sc., four semesters for the M.Sc., and ten semesters in case of the ‘Diplom’ degree programs.

n Diplom female

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2011

2010

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year of commencing studies n Master female

n Master male

n Bachelor female

n Bachelor male

Number of students starting their studies in the degree programs offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineering. (The number e.g. for 2014 is the sum of students starting in summer semester 2014 and winter semester 2014-15.) Source: TUM in Zahlen, www.tum.de/die-tum/ die-universitaet/die-tum-in-zahlen/, retrieved 14/12/2015 1400 1200 1000 800 Number of graduations

The second diagram illustrates the number of first semester students who have started the B.Sc. program and M.Sc. programs at the Department of Mechanical Engineering during the last five years. The number of B.Sc. freshmen varies between 500 and 800, the exception being 2011 when two age groups of Bavarian high school pupils started studying simultaneously.

600 400

Data not yet available

200 0 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year of graduation n Diplom

n Master

n Bachelor

Number of graduations at the Department of Mechanical Engineering. (The number e.g. for 2014 is the sum of students graduating in the winter semester 2013-14 and summer semester 2014.) Source: TUM in Zahlen, www.tum.de/die-tum/die-universitaet/die-tum-in-zahlen/, retrieved 14/12/2015

Studying at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering

45

International Students and Students’ Exchange

As one of the leading departments in mechanical engineering worldwide, TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering is dedicated to attracting international students, both as full-time students and through exchange programs, as well as to enable TUM students to spend parts of their studies at partner institutions worldwide.

180 160 140 120 100

Full-Time Students

80

About 22% (TUM: 20%) of the department’s student body are international students. During the past five years the number of international students enrolled in the B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs almost tripled.1 900

Saskia Ammon

Number of students

Dr. Ingrid Mayershofer

Spanish students. For all groups alike the numbers have shown a positive trend during recent years.2

60 40 20 0 2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

❙ Austria ❙ China ❙ Turkey ❙ Spain ❙ India ❙ Italy ❙ France

Development of the prime nationalities of international full-time students

800 700 600

429

500

268

Number of students

400 300

192 106

200 100

487

228

293

309

2011-12

2012-13

364

370

2013-14

2014-15

0 2010-11

n Master of Science

n Bachelor of Science

Development of the number of international full-time students enrolled at the Department of Mechanical Engineering

Students from more than 70 nations study at the department – the biggest groups being Austrians, followed by Chinese and 46

International Students and Students’ Exchange

Students’ Exchange TUM students are offered several possibilities for spending some part of their studies abroad – varying in region, duration and educational goal. Within the framework of the European ERASMUS+ program and TUM’s worldwide TUMexchange-program, students have the possibility to study one or two semesters at one of TUM’s more than 430 partner universities. Moreover TUM has signed more than 50 double degree agreements worldwide, targeting students with excellent academic performance who are interested in doing an additional degree. Tuition fees are waived for double degree students as well as for students going

Incoming Exchange Students In addition to recruiting an increasing number of international full-time students, the department successfully attracts an increasing number of international exchange students – both from within Europe and worldwide. In winter 2015-16, exchange students from 33 nations are studying at the Department of Mechanical Engineering.3 In 2014-15 almost 22% of the incoming exchange students of TUM have been enrolled at the Department of Mechanical Engineering and another 47 students have registered as full-time M.Sc. students within the framework of the TIME double degree programs.4 300 250

57 37

200

41

Number of students

150

31

73

47

87

61 47

34

100 50

93

116

131

146

153

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

0 2010-11

n Time DD

n TUMexchange

n ERASMUS

Outgoing Exchange Students The Department of Mechanical Engineering is not only aiming at increasing its international student body but also pursues the goal to raise the mobility of its own students. With the objective of being able to offer every student the opportunity to spend at least one semester abroad, the department has signed 77 ERASMUS+ agreements with 94 schools in 23 European countries. Most of the department’s partner institutions are in France (13), Spain (13), Italy (8), the UK (7) and Sweden (5). After a severe drop in the mobility rate in 2012-13 – most likely due to the transition to the B.Sc./M.Sc. system some years before – the numbers of students going abroad has been continually increasing since 2007-08 accounting for about 15% of all TUM outgoing students.5 300

5 2

250

78

2

15 200

50

41

21

150 Number of students

abroad for an exchange. Help regarding administrative issues and housing is usually provided by TUM and/or the partner institution. ERASMUS+ and double degree students at EU-partner universities automatically get the ERASMUS+ grant whereas TUMexchange and double degree students studying overseas may apply for scholarships. Apart from offering the exchange options mentioned, self-organized internships within Europe and research projects overseas can be financially supported by TUM. Information about suitable scholarships is provided by TUM and the department. The ERASMUS+ student mobility as well as the double degree program is by and large organized on departmental level whereas TUM’s International Center is in charge of TUMexchange program.

87

2

2

52

38

28

24

68 24

100 50

144

163

112

125

12-13

13-14

139

173

14-15

15-16

0 2010-11 11-12

n Time DD

n TUMexchange

n ERASMUS SMP

n ERASMUS SMS

Development of the number of mechanical engineering students going abroad

Over and above the centrally organized TUMexchange program enables selected students of the department to study overseas at one of 103 partner universities. Moreover a joint degree B.Sc. program ‘Engineering Science’ and a joint M.Sc. program ‘Material Science’ with Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg have been signed and 17 TIME double degree agreements in seven countries have been concluded with renowned associate universities such as EPFL Lausanne, KTH Stockholm and USP Sao Paulo.

1) Source: Registrar’s office (TUM), September 2015. 2) See footnote 1. 3) Sources: International Center (TUM): Online database ‘Moveon’; Student Services, Department of Mechanical Engineering (TUM). 4) See footnote 3. 5) See footnote 3.

Development of the number of international exchange and double degree students

International Students and Students’ Exchange

47

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Programs in Comparison

Prof. Dr.-Ing Florian Holzapfel

Prof. Dr.-Ing Karsten Stahl

The Department of Mechanical Engineering decided to review the curriculum of its Bachelor’s degree, comparing it with other leading technical universities in Germany and world-wide. As a first step, the amount of teaching load (in terms of ECTS credit points) was assumed to indicate the priority given to the various aspects, such as mathematics, mechanics, natural sciences or design and construction. To complement this external view, the Bachelor of Engineering Science offered at the Munich School of Engineering (MSE) should also be regarded. In general, the teaching load of the modules varies amongst German universities by about only 10 ECTS (during the B.Sc. program with 180 ECTS in total). Teaching load at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering is below average in mathe­ matics and automatic control, above average in computer science and business administration, which is not addressed at all in many cases. Mostly, requirements of

Upper diagram: the groups of columns refer to the workload in each subject category, detailed for the selected universities (from left to right: TUM Mechnanical Engineering (dark blue), TU Darmstadt, U Stuttgart, TU Dresden, U Hannover, TU Berlin, TU Braunschweig, KIT Karlsruhe, RWTH Aachen, TUM Munich School of Engineering – B.Sc. in Engineering Science (light blue), recommendation of FTMV – see text).

30

Lower figure: the groups of columns refer to the workload in each subject category, detailed for the selected universities (from left to right: TUM Mechnanical Engineering (dark blue), European universities (light blue: KTH Stockholm, ETH Zürich, TU Delft, Politecnico di Milano), universities overseas (red: MIT, UC Berkeley, Beijing Institute of Technology, NTU Singapore, Seoul National University).

35

the program at the department meet the recommendations of the ‘Fakultätentag für Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik’ (FTMV), in contrast to the MSE curriculum, which – intentionally – contains significantly less machine design and electrical engineering than recommended, and, in exchange, well more than average computer and natural sciences (see upper diagram below). Compared to universities in Europe (KTH Stockholm, ETH Zürich, TU Delft, DTU Kopenhagen, Politecnico di Milano) and overseas (MIT, UC Berkeley, Beijing Institute of Technology, NTU Singapore, Seoul National University), teaching load in the same fields varies much more significantly in comparison with German universities. Most foreign universities emphasize mathematics and natural sciences to a significantly greater degree, whereas teaching load in engineering mechanics and machine design tends to be – partially significantly – lower (see lower figure below).

25 20 15 10 5 0

(out of scale: 50)

30 25 20 15 10 5

Subject category in B.Sc. program

rs Ot he

Int

ro Me duct i En chan on ge ica ne eri l ng

So f Sk t ills

Me Flu ch id an ics Ad Bu mi sin nis es tra s tio n Au tom Co atic ntr ol

Ma t Sc erial ien ce Th erm dy na omi cs

Na t Sc ural ien ce Ele ctr Sc ical ien ce Ma ch i De ne sig n Co mp u Sc ter ien ce

Workload (ECTS) Ma the ma tic En s ge ne Me eri ch ng an ics

0

Workload (in ECTS credit points) for subject categories of B.Sc. programs for Mechanical En­­gineering at selected universities in Germany (upper diagram) and worldwide (bottom figure).

48

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Programs in Comparison

Gender Equality at the Department of Mechanical Engineering

About 10% of the doctoral candidates at the TUM and in the Department of Mechanical Engineering have children. This information resulted from a survey conducted with TUM doctoral candidates in 2013. Regarding all TUM employees, the percentage is certainly higher. Moreover the survey showed that more than 70% of the doctoral candidates with children feel that work on their doctoral thesis and family life is mostly reconcilable. How does the Department of Mechanical Engineering support the reconciliation of family life and work and study? The Department of Mechanical Engineering offers a child and family room to students, staff and guests. Parents and temporary caregivers can use the room with their children. Expectant mothers are also welcome to take a rest. The room provides space not only for playing, eating, resting and changing nappies, but also for working. It is therefore equipped with a comfortable seating area, a working area, playing corner, change table, a baby food warmer, wash basin, microwave oven and toys. Babysitters can be organized via a service provided at the TUM – especially for evening events outside the opening hours of childcare facilities. The department reimburses babysitter costs for staff participating in departmental events outside working

hours. More information on the child and family room and the babysitter service can be obtained at the gender equality office ([email protected]) Another offer of the Department of Mechanical Engineering is the payment of a birth bonus to the department’s institutes; the institutes receive €2500 per expectant mother and €2500 for each new father or mother at the institute. The birth bonus aims to be active support in reconciling of work and family. Possible investments that can be made with the bonus are the purchase of light laptops, equipment for a home office or the payment of student assistants to support expectant mothers to conduct experimentation. This enables parents to be more flexible if they have to take care of their child during working hours. Expectant mothers are supported in continuing their work despite restrictions during pregnancy and returning to work after maternity leave. To improve facilities for the whole female staff, the Department of Mechanical Engineering is currently equipping six more toilet and wash areas at the faculty with showers for women. Consequently, each wing of the building will be equipped with showers for women. They can then more easily take a shower after sport activities or business trips.

Isabell Franck

Carmen Aringer

Stephanie Frankl

Helena Hashemi Farzaneh

Gender Equality at the Department of Mechanical Engineering

49

Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Birgit Spielmann

Po Sang Lam

Sigrid Harnauer

50

Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering

The Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering was founded in 2009 as part of the TUM Graduate School. Since the beginning of 2014, participation was an integral part of all doctorates. It provides training courses specifically oriented toward the needs of engineers, promotes networking of the doctoral candidates within the faculty and beyond. It also helps the institutes to maintain highest scientific standards. This highly innovative program has been awarded the Best Practice Award of acatech, the National Academy of Science and Engineering. In 2013 and 2014, the Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering focused on the enhancement of the doctoral studies. The implementation includes some mandatory and optional modules. In addition to the mandatory basic pro­ gram, the TUM Graduate School encourages doctoral candidates to undertake a research period abroad to increase international networking. The TUM GS therefore provides financial support. It also offers professional support in the submission of publications.

The Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering additionally provides an Initiative Fund as financial support for doctoral candidates e.g. for networking and internationalization. Furthermore the Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering offers several optional qualification programs that support doctoral students in their transferable skills, provides networks and career orientation. In 2015 the Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering provided around 35 different subject-specific and soft-skill workshops for doctoral candidates. To keep up the supervision quality in the department the Graduate Center Mechanical Engineering started a doctoral survey. Participants were asked about their current situation and their suggestions for the future. The results were satisfactory for the faculty. Arrangements to optimize the supervision quality were established and implemented.

Center of Key Competences

Dr. Birgit Spielmann The Center of Key Competences offers students at the Department of Mechanical Engineering the opportunity to expand their soft skills. These skills are becoming increasingly important in the recruitment process as well as in professional practice itself. Our motivation is to train budding engineers and to raise awareness of necessary professional skills to complement their technical knowledge. Experience-based learning and activity-oriented teaching form the cornerstones of our educational practices. We use a broad variety of teaching methods including practical tasks, role plays, peer counseling and online training. One of our key programs is the TUTOR program which aims at expanding the soft skills of Bachelor and senior students using a two-step approach. In the first step, senior students are trained by the Center of Key Competences. They receive intensive training in soft skills. Over several days, the tutors learn how to organize workshops and support team structures as well as individuals. Then the tutors assign small groups of Bachelor’s students. During their first year, the Bachelor students are coached by senior students who hold workshops and supervise their team project. In the first semester, the

Bachelor students participate in workshops on social topics, such as communication, teamwork, presentation skills or motivation. In the summer semester, they can demonstrate their team skills in project work by developing a product. On the one hand, the TUTOR program introduces the basics of soft skills to Bachelor students. On the other hand, senior students have the opportunity to broaden their skills by teaching and coaching their group. Within the framework of the TUTOR program, a new program has recently been introduced; TUTOR FührungsKolleg. Former tutors can participate in the tutoring program once again, taking over additional leading tasks in one of several departments including recruitment, competition or public relations. This new program gives them the opportunity to further enhance their key competences. The Master students participate in the Master Soft Skills Workshop Concept. Each semester they can choose from courses to strengthen their skills in three areas of competences: methodical, social and personal competence. Beyond the ZSK provides Academic Writing courses to all Master students.

Franziska Glasl

Susanne Hottner

Christina Fedaie

Susanne Lösel

Center of Key Competences

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Student Council

The Student Council Mechanical Engineering represents all students at the department. With currently about 120 voluntary members it is one of the largest student councils in Germany and is therefore organised in various different departments. During the yearly elections held in line with the Bavarian Higher Education Act, the department’s students elect the student representatives, supported by numerous co-workers, depending on the current number of students enrolled at the department. The activities of the various departments in 2015-16 were as follows:

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Student Council

Event Department The year was accompanied by events arranged for the students and started with the impressive ‘esp’ – with 5000 guests, the biggest party in southern Germany organized by students. During the winter months, the nicely decorated Christmas tree brought Christmas atmosphere into the department. When the cold was gone and summer started, the sports meeting was the perfect event for inaugurating the new sports field at the campus with space for basketball, volleyball and football. Coincidentally, some brand-new balls were found in the rooms of the student council and the matches could begin! For the first time the student council additionally organized the 6 km Campus-Run together with the TUM:Junge Akademie, which was a great success. The council is very proud of the blood donation event, which from now on will take place regularly. Several other events delighted the students such as a pub crawl, a festival with a barbecue or a poker competition.

Magazine of the Student Council

Higher Education Policy

In past years, as well as in 2015, the student council published six issues of its magazine, the ‘Reisswolf’. Each issue consists of news from the student council itself as well as reviews of excursions, for example to Munich Airport or the neutron source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) on the Garching campus. Another highlight were the car reviews written by the students themselves. Furthermore, articles from university groups contribute to every issue. The ‘Lehrstuhlserie’ as part of almost every issue introduces the department’s institutes to the readers. Another part of our tasks is the ‘Klopapier’, which provides entertainment on the toilets in our building.

Together with the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering, the student council worked on a few major projects to improve teaching and the learning environment. In the ‘Studienzuschusskommission’, more than 300 applications were granted to advance the quality of teaching. One perfect example of that will be the new MATLAB online course which is being developed by Dr. Karpfinger in collaboration with the student council. As a major infrastructural improvement, a common system to register for lab courses was designed and is right now being put into action. The student council on its own would not be able to do that, therefore a work group with participants from the various different parties at the TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering was formed and worked well together. Writing about university policy does almost always mean writing about study and examination regulations as well. This year, the student council was engaged to keep the internship needed to enrol for mechanical engineering as short as possible. As a result, the workload stayed at eight weeks before starting studies and ten additional weeks within the Bachelor studies.

Print Shop As in previous years, the student-owned print shop printed and sold all kinds of lecture scripts. Thanks to the cooperation of numerous institutes, it was able to print the lecture notes of nearly 200 different lectures, seminars and lab courses of the department. A special event for the print shop was the purchase of a new thermal binding machine in September which now facilitates and accelerates the production of the lecture notes a lot.

Freshman Department International Department As every year, the international department organized the buddy program, beginning with an incoming event for the international students of the summer term. Beside regular bar evenings, the biggest event in this summer was a dance ball for the students (international and German) of the Department of Mmechanical Enginee­ r­ing. After the summer break, the winter term started with a get-together of the new incoming students even before the lecture period. Furthermore, the welcome event, regular bar evenings and a pubcrawl were continued. The highlight of this term was a Christmas party including an international buffet, drinks and more.

The student council cares for all the freshmen coming to the dDepartment. This summer, for the first time, an orientation week was organized, including a scavenger hunt in Munich, a Bavarian breakfast with beer and veal sausages and a sport event. In the first two days of the winter term, the traditional event was organized to give the freshmen all the information they need at the beginning of their studies.

Student Council

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Faculty Members

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Faculty Members

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus Adams Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics www.aer.mw.tum.de n Numerical modeling and simulation of complex flows n Low-speed aerodynamics n Multiphase flows, microfluidics n Gasdynamics, cavitating flows n Aircraft, spacecraft and automotive aerodynamics Page 62

Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso Institute of Wind Energy Systems www.wind.mw.tum.de n Wind energy system design, modeling and control n Computational mechanics and simulation technology n Numerical and experimental aeroelasticity Page 90

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier Institute of Lightweight Structures www.llb.mw.tum.de n Smart and adaptive structures n Large membrane and deployable space structures n Fibre composite and hybrid materials structures n Structural and multidisciplinary design optimization techniques Page 71

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Institute of Carbon Composites www.lcc.mw.tum.de n Composite materials and process technology n Textile technology n Lightweight design Page 94

Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler Institute of Ergonomics www.lfe.mw.tum.de n Micro ergonomics n Human-machine interaction n Digital human modeling n Cooperative systems and automation Page 78

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael W. Gee Mechanics and High Performance Computing Group www.mhpc.mw.tum.de n High performance parallel computing n Fluid-structure interaction n Cardiovascular biomechanics Page 102

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sonja Berensmeier Bioseparation Engineering Group www.biovt.mw.tum.de n Selective separation of bio­ molecules n Downstream processing n Magnetic separation Page 87

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dipl.-Geophys. Christian Große Institute of Non-destructive Testing www.zfp.tum.de n Quality control during construction n Inspection of structures and components in civil and mechanical engineering n Structural health monitoring Joint Appointment with the Faculty of Civil Engineering Page 106

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Institute of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics www.fml.mw.tum.de n Innovative conveyor technology n Sustainable logistics systems n Planning and control of material flow systems n Industry 4.0 n Humans in logistics n Crane engineering and design of load-supporting structures Page 110

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Institute of Flight System Dynamics www.fsd.mw.tum.de n Modeling, simulation and para­ meter estimation n Flight guidance and flight control n Sensors, data fusion and navigation n Trajectory optimization Page 130

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn (interim) Institute of Flight Propulsion www.lfa.mw.tum.de n Flight propulsion n Turbomachinery n Gas turbines Page 118

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung Institute of Aircraft Design www.lls.mw.tum.de n Scenario analysis, future trends and technologies n Aircraft design (civil and military) n Analysis and evaluation of aircraft concepts Page 136

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Space Propulsion Group www.lfa.mw.tum.de n Thrust chamber technologies n High pressure combustion n In-space propulsion n Green propellants n Combustion dynamics n Turbopump technologies Page 123

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach Flow Control and Aeroacoustics Group www.aer.mw.tum.de n Active and passive flow control n Prediction and mitigation of flow noise n Aircraft, automotive and railway aerodynamics Page 140

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Institute of Helicopter Technology www.ht.mw.tum.de n Aeromechanical modeling and test of rotors n Modelling and simulation of rotocraft flight n Multi-rotor configurations Page 127

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Institute of Plant and Process Technology www.apt.mw.tum.de n Process design n Equipment design methods n Modeling and thermodynamic property data Page 142

Faculty Members

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Faculty Members

Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Ph.D. Continuum Mechanics Group www.contmech.mw.tum.de n Uncertainty quantification in computational science and engineering n Bayesian formulations for inverse problems n Atomistic simulation of materials Page 146

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann Institute of Product Development www.pe.mw.tum.de n Systems engineering and systems behavior n Innovation processes and creativity enhancing methods n Individualized products Page 162

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling Systems Biotechnology Group www.biovt.mw.tum.de n Mathematical modeling of cellular systems n Model analysis and parameter identification n Model-based experimental design Page 150

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Boris Lohmann Institute of Automatic Control www.rt.mw.tum.de n Methods and application of nonlinear and predictive control n Modeling, reduction, and control of distributed parameter systems n Automotive, multicopter, and robot control application Page 169

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg Biomechanics Group www.imetum.tum.de/forschung/biologische-gydrogele n Mechanics of biomaterials n Biological hydrogels n Biomedical/biophysical engineer­ ing Page 153

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Tim C. Lüth Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology www.mimed.mw.tum.de n Medical navigation, robotics, and control architectures n Rapid prototyping n Technology for an aging society Page 174

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp Institute for Automotive Technology www.ftm.mw.tum.de n Vehicle concepts n Electric mobility n Vehicle control and dynamics n Driver assistance systems Page 156

Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. Institute of Nuclear Technology www.ntec.mw.tum.de n Nuclear reactor safety n Thermal-hydraulic and neutronic analysis of nuclear systems n Radiation transport Page 180

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines www.vib.mw.tum.de n Experimental and computational acoustics n Vibroacoustic optimization n Uncertainty quantification of vibroacoustic systems n Material data identification Page 185

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies www.iwb.mw.tum.de n Production management and logistics n Automation and robotics n Assembly technology Page 198

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu Plasma Material Interaction Group www.pmw.mw.tum.de n Erosion and hydrogen retention in plasma facing materials n Tungsten alloys and composite structures for heat removal n Heatflow tests for and development of plasma facing materials Page 189

Prof. Dr. Ir. Daniel Rixen Institute of Applied Mechanics www.amm.mw.tum.de n Numerical methods for technical dynamics n Experimental structure dynamics n Multiphysicals models Page 204

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Group www.tfd.mw.tum.de n Aero- and thermoacoustics n Mixing and reaction in turbulent flows n Two-phase flows Page 193

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer Institute of Thermodynamics www.td.mw.tum.de n Combustion and reactive flows, noise and instabilities n Transport phenomena in singleand two-phase flows n Energy systems and technologies Page 210

Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems www.ses.mw.tum.de n Fault-tolerant systems n Formal verification and validation n Distributed control systems n Diagnosis of automated systems Page 196

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner Sport Equipment and Materials Group www.spgm.tum.de n New materials (esp. carbon composites) in sports n Improved interaction between athletes and sports equipment n Equipment for reduced injury risk in sports Page 216

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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Institute of Energy Systems www.es.mw.tum.de n Systems studies n Combustion and gasification of solid fuels n Steam cycles Page 220

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Institute of Internal Combustion Engines www.lvk.mw.tum.de n Gas and diesel engines n Injection processes n Exhaust gas aftertreatment Page 245

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Institute of Machine Elements www.fzg.mw.tum.de n Gears and transmission components n Fatigue life, efficiency, NVHbehavior n Testing, methods, simulation n Analysis, computer applications Page 224

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall Institute of Computational Mechanics www.lnm.mw.tum.de n Multifield problems n Multiscale problems n Computational biomechanics and biophysics Page 251

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems www.ais.mw.tum.de n Model-based and integrated engineering n Distributed control systems n Quality management and human factors Page 233

Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Walter Institute of Astronautics www.lrt.mw.tum.de n Spacecraft and satellite techno­ logies n Systems engineering n Human exploration technologies n Hypervelocity laboratory Page 257

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Institute of Metal Forming and Casting www.utg.mw.tum.de n Manufacturing, tooling, and measurement technology n Development, heat treatment and processing of new materials n Virtual manufacturing processes Page 239

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Faculty Members

Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h.c. Ewald Werner Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials www.wkm.mw.tum.de n Materials science of metals and mechanics of materials n Phase transformations n Alloy and process development Page 265

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz Institute of Biochemical Engineering www.biovt.mw.tum.de n Microbial bioprocess engineering and industrial biotechnology n Biocatalysis and fermentation n Bioprocess integration Page 272

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hirt Institute of Machine Elements PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Xiangyu Hu Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Indinger Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Hon.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Erich Kirschneck Institute of Material Handling, Material Flow, Logistics

Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. habil. Erich Wintermantel Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering www.medtech.mw.tum.de n Hemocompatible and -active surfaces and systems n Functionalized polymeric implants n Improved polymers, process tooling and analysis tools Page 277

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology www.iwb.mw.tum.de n Machine tools n Manufacturing processes n Joining and cutting technologies Page 281

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Lammel Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hanns-Jürgen Lichtfuß Institute of Flight Propulsion Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Siegfried Petz Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Platz Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Viktor Schaller Institute of Automotive Technology Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dieter Schmitt Institute of Aircraft Design Prof. PD Dr. Werner Seidenschwarz Institute of Product Development

Other Professors and ‘Privatdozenten’

PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Stemmer Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing Nikolaus Bauer Institute of Material Handling, Material Flow, Logistics

PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Thümmel Institute of Applied Mechanics

apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Breitsamter Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh Institute of Automotive Technology

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Heiden Institute of Automotive Technology

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Wohnig Institute of Metal Forming and Casting

Affiliate Professor Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller Institute of Flight System Dynamics

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst-Henning Wolf Institute of Metal Forming and Casting

Faculty Members

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Retired Professors

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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Bender Institute of Information Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. mult. Franz Mayinger Institute A of Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Eckhart Blaß Institute of Fluid Process Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfons Mersmann Institute B of Process Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Siegfried Böttcher Institute of Materials Handling

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reimer J. Meyer-Jens Institute of Lightweight Structures

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Günther Brandenburg Special Applications of Electrical Drives

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. mult. Friedrich Pfeiffer Institute B of Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. Otto Brüller Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. h. c. Karl Theodor Renius Institute of Agricultural Machines

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Heiner Bubb Institute of Ergonomics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Heinzpeter Rühmann Ergonomics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Ehrlenspiel Institute of Design in Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harry O. Ruppe Institute of Astronautics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Rainer Friedrich Fluid Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gottfried Sachs Institute of Flight Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. Gerd Habenicht Institute of Joining Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h. c. Rudolf Schilling Institute of Hydraulic Machines and Plants

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dietmar Hein Institute of Thermal Power Plants

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Günter H. Schnerr Gas Dynamics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Joachim Heinzl Institute of Precision Engineering and Micro Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karlheinz G. Schmitt-Thomas Institute of Materials in Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Heißing Institute of Automotive Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Johann Stichlmair Institute of Fluid Process Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann Institute of Metal Forming and Casting

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Johannes Straub Thermodynamics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn Institute of Machine Elements

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Strohmeier Institute of Apparatus and Plant Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eduard Igenbergs Astronautics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Hans M. Tensi Materials in Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Laschka Institute of Fluid Mechanics

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Heinz Ulbrich Institute of Applied Mechanics

Prof. Gero Madelung Institute of Aircraft Engineering

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dieter Vortmeyer Institute of Chemical Process Engineering

Faculty Members

Reports of the Institutes

Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Numerical modeling, simulation and experimental analysis of fluids and fluid flows

n The focus of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics in 2014-15 was on advanced numerical models for flow interactions, flow physics of shock-­interface interactions, helicopter aerodynamics and unsteady effects in automotive aerodynamics.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams Contact www.aer.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16138

A highlight was that Prof. Adams received an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council for the Project NANOSHOCK – Manufacturing Shock Interactions for Innovative Nanoscale Processes with funding of €2.4 million. The institute contributed two technology projects to the

development of Bluecopter Demonstration technologies, enabling environmentally friendly short-range air transport. Dr. Stefan Hickel, formerly Senior Lecturer at the institute, was appointed as Chair of Aerodynamics at TU Delft.

Cavitating Flows and Cavitation Erosion Motivation and Objectives We investigate liquid flows with partial evaporation due to flow-induced local pressure drops below vapor pressure, known as cavitation. Cavitating flows play an important role in injection systems of diesel and Otto engines, in components of spacecraft engines as well as in ship propulsion systems. Managing the complexity of two-phase flows with phase transition is challenging, and experimental investigations often cannot go beyond model devices. In particular, violent collapses of vapor bubbles and the resulting shock waves need to be predicted and their erosive mechanisms have to be clarified.

Approach to Solution State of the art numerical procedures and physical models for the simulation of cavitating flows are developed. Fully compressible approaches for complex fluids, including liquid-vapor-gas mixtures and a time resolution of nanoseconds, are key factors for predictive simulations. Fundamental research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the European Union. Applied research in cooperation with automotive suppliers, the European Space Agency and the Office of Naval Research enables dissemination of fundamental research into application. Key Results n Cavitation erosion prediction based on analysis of flow dynamics and impact load spectra n MS Mihatsch, SJ Schmidt, NA Adams. Physics of Fluids (1994-present) 27 (10), 103302 n Large-eddy simulation of cavitating nozzle flow and primary jet break-up n Örley, T Trummler, S Hickel, MS Mihatsch, SJ Schmidt, NA Adams. Physics of Fluids (1994-present) 27 (8), 086101

Cavitation structures in an ICE fuel injector.

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Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows Motivation and Objectives Scientific discovery through modeling and predictive simulation requires numerical models and solution methods that accurately represent and resolve relevant flow physics and efficiently exploit modern massively parallel supercomputers. Approach to Solution Adaptive flow simulation refers to highly automated flow simulations which require only a minimum of user interventions, while delivering reliable results. This includes methods for automatic mesh adaptation as well as for the quantification of uncertainties that result from model approximations, initial data, or boundary conditions. Adaptive DNS/LES requires methods that couple numerical and physical models on multiple scales in a consistent way. For example, we have developed sophisticated wall turbulence models, which facilitate LES of engineering aerodynamic applications. Key Results n Tritschler, V., Olson, B., Lele, S., Hickel, S., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A. (2014a) J. Fluid Mech. 755, 429-462. n Tritschler, V.K., Avdonin, A., Hickel, S., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A. (2014b) Phys. Fluids 26, 026101.

Direct simulation of reacting shock-bubble interaction

n V. Pasquariello, G. Hammerl, F. Örley, S. Hickel, C. Danowski, A. Popp, ... A cut-cell finite volume-finite element coupling approach for fluid-structure interaction in compressible flow, Journal of Computational Physics 307, 670-695 n Hickel, S., Egerer, C.P., Larsson, J. (2014) Phys. Fluids 26: 106101. n Diegelmann, V., Tritschler, S., Hickel, N., Adams, N.A. On the pressure dependence of ignition and mixing in two-dimensional reactive shock-bubble interaction, Combustion and Flame 163, 414-426, 2015 n C. Egerer, S. Hickel, S. Schmidt, Adams, N.A. LES of temporally evolving turbulent cavitating shear layers High Performance, Computing in Science and Engineering ’14, 367-378

Particle Modeling of Fluid Dynamics Motivation and Objectives Despite their wide-spread use, typical particle methods, such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), for simulating fluid dynamics cannot deal with realistic flow parameters without numerical regularization that interferes with the underlying physical model. SPH and their mesoscopic extension SDPD, are very attractive numerical models for fluid flow of extreme physical complexity.

SDPD simulation of elastic turbulence in a polymer solution

Approach to Solution We have developed SPH/SDPD approaches capable of modeling complex Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

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microflows. In particular we have devised a new SPH paradigm which enables SPH to reach realistic flow parameters without artificial regularization. Key Results n Determination of macroscopic transport coefficients of a dissipative particle dynamics solvent. Phys. Rev. E, accepted for publication 2015. Dmitrii Azarnykh, Sergey Litvinov, Xin Bian, and Nikolaus A. Adams

n Towards consistence and convergence of conservative SPH approximations. S Litvinov, XY Hu, NA Adams. Journal of Computational Physics 301, 394-401, 2015 n Mesoscopic simulation of the transient behavior of semi-diluted polymer solution in a microchannel following extensional flow. S. Litvinov, X. Hu, M.­ Ellero, N. Adams. Microfluidics and nanofluidics 16 (1-2), 257-264

High-order Numerical Models for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Interactions

Direct simulation of shock-liquiddrop interaction

Motivation and Objectives Although high-order schemes have been widely used in numerical simulation of flow phenomena they face great challenges for achieving both high resolvability of flow structures and high robustness for coping with discontinuities and interface interactions. The numerical modeling of multi-phase flows must have the capability to reproduce the evolution of fluidic interfaces which may become very complex and produce small-size structures beyond the resolvability of the computational grid. Such under-resolved structures very often lead to numerical instability and failure of numerical simulation.

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Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Approach to Solution Based on our newly developed WENO methodology, we design numerical schemes with the ability to separate flow structure according to their characteristic length scales and to handle large scale and small scale structure in physically consistent ways. The developed numerical schemes achieve very good resolvability without compromising robustness. We have developed a multi-scale method to cope with under-resolved interface structures. The core approach is a so-called stimulus-response model which measures the smoothness of the interface and separates resolved and non-resolved scales in a simple and efficient way. Key Results n A family of high-order targeted ENO schemes for compressible-fluid simulations. L. Fu, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams. Journal of Computational Physics 305, 333-359, 2015 n L.H. Han, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams, J. Comp. Phys. 262:131–152 (2014) n L.H. Han, X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams, J. Comp. Phys., 280:387–403 (2014)

Aircraft and Helicopter Aerodynamics Motivation and Objectives Performance enhancement and reduction of emissions are key objectices within the framework of the European ‘Flightpath 2050’. For the current research projects, improving flow physics knowledge and modeling are related to unsteady aerodynamics and aero-elasticity, turbulent flows and active flow control. Special emphasis is on the aerodynamic characteristics of highly maneuverable aircraft and large transport aircraft as well as on unconventional and UAV configurations. Specific research activities in the field of aircraft and helicopter aerodynamics deal with means of drag reduction by shape optimization, novel air intake solutions, flow control using active devices, pulsed blowing and plasma actuators and unconventional lift generating systems including the fluid-structure interaction of flexible adaptive wings. Approach to Solution The investigations are performed includ­ ing both wind tunnel experiments and

numerical simulations. Commercial as well as in-house codes are used, while code development is mainly conducted in the context of aeroelasticity and reduced order models.

Helicopter flow control strategies

Key Results n A. Kölzsch and C. Breitsamter. Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1380-1390. n J.-U. Klar and C. Breitsamter. Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1511-1521. n B. Beguin and C. Breitsamter. Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 37, No.1, 2014, pp. 138 150. n Kato, Kentaro, Christian Breitsamter, and Shinnosuke Obi. ‘Flow separation control over a Gö 387 airfoil by nanosecond pulse-periodic discharge.’ Experiments in Fluids 55.8 (2014): 1-19. n Förster, Mark, and Christian Breitsamter. ‘Aeroelastic Prediction of Discrete Gust Loads Using Nonlinear and Time-Linearized CFD-Methods.’ Journal of Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics 3.3 (2015).

SAGITTA diamond wing

Laminar-turbulent Transition with Chemical (Non-)Equilibrium in Hypersonic Boundary-layer Flows Motivation In hypersonic flows, the heat transfer differs up to an order of magnitude comparing laminar and turbulent boundary layers. The prediction of the transition location on blunt re-entry configurations aims at the understanding of the underlying instability mechanisms. The influence of the chemi-

Flow around a re-entry capsule and wind tunnel conditions

Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

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cal state of the boundary layer (equilibrium or non-equilibrium) in these high-enthalpy flows is the main focus. Approach to Solution Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are conducted on national HPC facilities such as SuperMUC and HLRS. Results show that early stages of hypersonic transition are not substantially affected by chemical reactions. Simulations are currently under way taking into account the surface

roughness and the noise which can lead to transient growth of disturbances to non-linear amplitudes where they can be enhanced through the presence of the chemical reactions. Key Results n C. Stemmer, J. Fehny, 44th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2014 n S. Gosh, R. Friedrich, C. Stemmer, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 48:24-34, 2014

Automotive Aerodynamics Way to Solution One approach to unsteady aerodynamics is to analyze the dynamic behavior of the flow field using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). DMD is found to extract useful information from the flow, when it is applied to three dimensional velocity vector fields. It is a method to extract coherent structures by decomposing the flow into dynamic modes. Analyzing the turbulent structures and their origins allows shape optimization leading to drag reduction of the component or full car.

DrivAer 1:2.5 model in windtunnel

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Motivation Automotive aerodynamics deals with the aerodynamic optimization of vehicles driven by combustion engines or electrical motors. Key objectives are drag reduction and unsteady aerodynamics with its influence on the driving stability and the aerodynamic coefficients. With respect to high drag reduction potential, the wheel/wheelhouse region is dedicated to systematic optimization.

Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Key Results n M. Peichl, S. Mack, T. Indinger, F. Decker: ASME 2014 Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, August 3-7, 2014, Chicago, USA, FEDSM2014-21255 n B. Schnepf, G. Tesch, T. Indinger: JSAE Annual Spring Congress 2014, Paper 20145029, May 21-23, Yokohama, Japan, 2014 n Huber, Simon, et al. ‘Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer at the Underbody of a Production Car.’ SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 7.2014-01-0582 (2014): 89-101

DFG Sonderforschungsbereich TRR 40: Technological Foundations for the Design of Thermally and Mechanically Highly Loaded Components of Future Space Transportation Systems The institute has the speaker role within the DFG-SFB TRR40. Next-generation space transportation systems will be based on rocket propulsion systems which deliver the best compromise be­­ tween development and production cost and performance. The TRR40 focuses on liquid rocket propulsion systems and their integration into the space transportation system. Critical, thermally and mechanically highly loaded components of such space transportation systems are the combustion chamber, the nozzle, the aft body and the cooling of the structure. These components offer the highest potential for the efficiency increase of the entire system. However, all components are in close and direct interaction with each other. Optimization or the fundamentaly new design of a single component directly affects all other components. The 25 projects from TUM, RWTH Aachen, TU Braunschweig and the U Stuttgart as well as partners from DLR and AIRBUS D&S investigate in interdisciplinary

Research Foci n Numerical fluid and flow modeling and simulation n Complex fluids n Turbulent and transitional flows n Aerodynamics of aircraft and auto­ mobiles n Environmental aerodynamics

experimental and numerical teams. The developed concepts will be tested on sub-scale combustion chambers and will be developed to a stage of applicability. In addition, principal experiments are going to be conducted to demonstrate new technologies developed in the TRR40. The scientific focus of all five research areas within the TRR 40 is the analysis and the modeling of coupled systems. Based on reference experiments detailed numerical models are developed which serve as the basis for efficient and reliable predictive simulation tools for design.

Shock-turbulent boundary layer interaction

Infrastructure n 3 low-speed wind tunnels + moving belt system n 2 shock tubes

Competences n Multi-physics code and particle based model development n Adaptive multi resolution parallel simulation codes n DrivAer car geometry n Experimental aerodynamics

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Courses n Fluidmechanik I and II n Aerodynamik I und II n Grenzschichttheorie n Instationäre Aerodynamik I und II n Aeroakustik n Aerodynamik und Bauwerke n Numerische Berechnung turbulenter Strömung n Aerodynamik stumpfer Körper n Aerodynamik von Höchstleistungsfahrzeugen n Strömungsmechanik in der Verfahrenstechnik n Computational Solids and Fluid Dynamics n Angewandte CFD n Turbulente Strömungen n Gasdynamik n Biofluid Mechanics n Strömungsphysik und Modellgesetze n Aerodynamik bodengebundener Fahrzeuge n Aerodynamik der Raumfahrzeuge n An Introduction to Microfluidic Simulations n Grundlage der experimentiellen Strömungsmechanik Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams, Director Dr.-Ing. Albert Pernpeintner apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Breitsamter PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Stemmer Dr.-Ing. Xiangyu Hu PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Indinger Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. habil. Rainer Friedrich, Emeritius Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Boris Laschka, Emeritius apl. Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Hans Wengle, Emeritius Visiting Lecturer Dr.-Ing. Rainer Demuth (BMW Group) Administrative Staff Angela Grygier Dipl.-Betriebsw. (FH) Sandra Greil Li Su, M.Sc.

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Research Staff Dr.-Ing. Stefan Adami Dmitrii Azarnykh, M.Sc. Bruno Beban, M.Sc. Vladimir Bogdanov, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Budich Dipl.-Ing. Andrei Buzica Michael Cerny, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Collin Antonio Di Giovanni, M.Sc. Felix Diegelmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Egerer Lin Fu, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Daniel Gaudlitz Dr.-Ing. Marcus Giglmaier Polina Gorkh, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Grawunder Dipl.-Ing. Lukas Haag Luhui Han, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Hickel Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Hövelmann Zhe Ji, M.Sc. Jakob Kaiser, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Kaller Marco Kiewat, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Florian Knoth Aleksandr Lunkov, M.Sc. Xiuxiu Lv, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Matheis Daiki Matsumoto, M.Sc. Lu Miao, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Mihatsch Patrick Nathen, M.Sc. Dipl.-Phys. Christoph Niedermeier Daria Ogloblina, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Felix Örley Shucheng Pan, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Vito Pasquariello Dr.-Ing. Albert Pernpeintner Dipl.-Ing. Julie Piquee Patrick Pölzlbauer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan-Frederik Quaatz Vladyslav Rozov, M.Sc. Dipl.-Tech.Math. Steffen Schmidt Dipl.-Ing. Felix Schranner Dipl.-Ing. Victor Stein Dipl.-Ing. Marco Stuhlpfarrer Theresa Trummler, M.Sc. Konstantin Vachnadze, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Winter

Yongxinag Wu, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jae Hun You Chi Zhang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Zwerger

Technical Staff Martin Banzer Franz Färber Hans-Gerhard Frimberger Wolfgang Lützenburg (Workshop Manager) Detlef Mänz Hans-Jürgen Zirngibl

Publications 2015 n Budich, B., Schmidt, S.J., Adams, N.A. : Numerical simulation of cavitating ship propeller flow and assessment of erosion aggressiveness; MARINE 2015 – Computational Methods in Marine Engineering VI; pp. 709-721 n Örley, F., Trummler, T., Hickel, S., Mihatsch, M.S., Schmidt, S.J., Adams, N.A.: Large-eddy simulation of cavitating nozzle flow and primary jet break-up; Physics of Fluids; Volume 27, Issue 8, 2015, Article number 086101; DOI: 10.1063/1.4928701 n Litvinov, S., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: Towards consistence and convergence of conservative SPH approximations; Journal of Computational Physics; Volume 301, November 15, 2015, Article number 6091, pp. 394-401; DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.08.041 n Hu, X.Y., Wang, B., Adams, N.A.: An efficient low-dissipation hybrid weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme; Journal of Computational Physics; Volume 301, November 15, 2015, Article number 6093, pp. 415-424; DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.08.043 n Egerer, C., Hickel, S., Schmidt, S., Adams, N.A.: LES of temporally evolving turbulent cavitating shear layers (Book Chapter); High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ‚14: Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2014; 1 January 2015, pp. 367-378; DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10810-0_25; Publisher: Springer International Publishing; ISBN: 978-331910810-0;978-331910809-4 n Mihatsch, M.S., Schmidt, S.J., Adams, N.A.: Cavitation erosion prediction based on analysis of flow dynamics and impact load spectra; Physics of Fluids; Volume 27, Issue 10, 2015, Article number 103302; DOI: 10.1063/1.4932175 n Schranner, F.S., Domaradzki, J.A., Hickel, S., Adams, N.A.: Assessing the numerical dissipation rate and viscosity in numerical simulations of fluid flows; Computers and Fluids; Volume 114, July 02, 2015, pp. 84-97; DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.02.011 n Han, L.H., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: Scale separation for multi-scale modeling of free-surface and twophase flows with the conservative sharp interface method; Journal of Computational Physics; Volume 280, January 01, 2015, pp. 387-403; DOI: 10.1016/j. jcp.2014.10.001 n Luo, J., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: A conservative sharp interface method for incompressible multiphase flows; Journal of Computational Physics; Volume 284, March 01, 2015, pp. 547-565; ISSN: 00219991; DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.12.044 n Örley, F., Pasquariello, V., Hickel, S., Adams, N.A.: Cut-element based immersed boundary method for moving geometries in compressible liquid flows with cavitation; Journal of Computational Physics; Volume 283, February 05, 2015, pp. 1-22; DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.11.028 n Kato, K., Breitsamter, C.: Flow control on gö 387 airfoil by using nanosecond pulse plasma actuator: Fluid Mechanics and its Applications; Volume 107, 2015, pp. 65-70

n Ghosh, S., Friedrich, R.: Effects of radiative heat transfer on the turbulence structure in inert and reacting mixing layers. Physics of Fluids, 27: 055107; doi: 10.1063/1.4920990. n Matheis, J., Hickel, S.: On the transition between regular and irregular shock patterns of shock-wave/ boundary-layer interactions; Journal of Fluid Mechanics; Volume 776, 6 July 2015, Article number 319, pp. 200-234; DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2015.319 n Muraschko, J., Fruman, M.D., Achatz, U., Hickel, S., Toledo, Y.: On the application of Wentzel-KramerBrillouin theory for the simulation of the weakly nonlinear dynamics of gravity waves; Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society; Volume 141, Issue 688, 1 April 2015, pp. 676-697; DOI: 10.1002/qj.2381 n Béguin, B., Breitsamter, C.: Effects of membrane pre-stress on the aerodynamic characteristics of an elasto-flexible morphing wing; Aerospace Science and Technology; Volume 37, August 2014, pp. 138-150 n Bian, X., Ellero, M.: A splitting integration scheme for the SPH simulation of concentrated particle suspensions; Computer Physics Communications; Volume 185, Issue 1, January 2014, pp. 53-62 n Bian, X., Ellero, M.: integration scheme for the SPH simulation of concentrated particle suspensions; Computer Physics Communications; Volume 185, Issue 1, January 2014, pp. 53-62 n Bian, X., Litvinov, S., Ellero, M., Wagner, N.J.; Hydrodynamic shear thickening of particulate suspension under confinement; Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics; Volume 213, November 01, 2014, pp. 39-49 n Borchert, S., Achatz, U., Remmler, S., Hickel, S., Harlander, U., Vincze, M., Alexandrov, K.D., Rieper, F., Heppelmann, T., Dolaptchiev, S.I.: Finite-volume models with implicit subgrid-scale parameterization for the differentially heated rotating annulus. Meteorologische Zeitschrift (accepted). n Breitsamter, C., Grawunder, M., Reß, R.: Document ‘Aerodynamic design optimisation for a helicopter configuration including a rotating rotor head’; 29th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2014 n Castiglioni, G., Domaradzki, J.A., Pasquariello, V., Hickel, S., Grilli, M.: Numerical simulations of separated flows at moderate Reynolds numbers appropriate for turbine blades and unmanned aero vehicles; International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow n Castiglioni, G., Domaradzki, J.A., Pasquariello, V., Hickel, S., Grilli, M.: Numerical simulations of separated flows at moderate Reynolds numbers appropriate for turbine blades and unmanned aero vehicles; International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow

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n Chen, Z.L., Hickel, S., Devesa, A., Berland, J., Adams, N.A.: Wall modeling for implicit large-eddy simulation and immersed-interface methods; Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics; Volume 28, Issue 1, February 2014, pp. 1-21 n Egerer, C.P., Hickel, S., Schmidt, S.J. and Adams, N.A.: Large-eddy simulation of turbulent cavitating flow in a micro channel. Physics of Fluids 26, 085102 (2014). DOI: 10.1063/1.4891325 n Fruman, M.D., Remmler, S., Achatz, U., Hickel, S.: On the construction of a direct numerical simulation of a breaking inertia-gravity wave in the upper-mesosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research. doi: 10.1002/2014JD022046 n Ghosh, S., Friedrich, R., Stemmer, Chr.: Contrasting turbulence-radiation interaction in supersonic channel and pipe flow. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 48: 24-34. n Ghosh, S., Friedrich, R.: Effects of distributed pressure gradients on the pressure-strain correlations in a supersonic nozzle and diffuser; Journal of Fluid Mechanics; Volume 742, March 2014, pp. 466-494; DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2014.4 n Giglmaier, M., Quaatz, J.F., Gawehn, T., Gülhan, A., Adams, N.A.: Numerical and experimental investigations of pseudo-shock systems in a planar nozzle: Impact of bypass mass flow due to narrow gaps; Shock Waves; Volume 24, Issue 2, March 2014, pp. 139-156 n Grawunder, M., Reß, R., Stein, V., Breitsamter, C., Adams, N.A.: Flow simulation of a five: Bladed rotor head; Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design; Volume 124, 2014, pp. 235-243 n Han, L.H., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: Adaptive multiresolution method for compressible multi-phase flows with sharp interface model and pyramid data structure, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 262, 1 April 2014, pp. 131-152 n Hickel, S., Egerer, C.P., Larsson, J.: Subgrid-scale modeling for implicit Large Eddy Simulation of compressible flows and shock turbulence interaction. Physics of Fluids 26: 106101. doi: 10.1063/1.4898641 n Hövelmann, A., Breitsamter, C.: Experimental investigations on vortex flow phenomena of a diamond wing configuration; 29th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2014 n Huber, S., Indinger, T., Adams, N., Schuetz, T.: Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer at the Underbody of a Production Car; SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles; Volume 7, Issue 1, May 2014, pp. 89-101 n Kato, K., Breitsamter, C.a, Obi, S.: Flow separation control over a Gö 387 airfoil by nanosecond pulse-periodic discharge; Experiments in Fluids; Volume 55, Issue 8,

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n Klar, J.-U., Breitsamter, C.: Unsteady aerodynamic loads on a high-agility aircraft due to wake vortex encounter; Journal of Aircraft; Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 September 2014, pp. 1511-1521 n Kölzsch, A., Breitsamter, C.: Vortex-flow manipulation on a generic delta-wing configuration; Journal of Aircraft; Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 September 2014, pp. 1380-1390 n Litvinov, S., Hu, X., Ellero, M., Adams, N.; Mesoscopic simulation of the transient behavior of semi-diluted polymer solution in a microchannel following extensional flow; Microfluidics and Nanofluidics; 16 (1-2), pp. 257-264, 2014 n Muraschko, J., Fruman, M.D., Achatz, U., Hickel, S., Toledo, Y.: On the application of WKB theory for the simulation of the weakly nonlinear dynamics of gravity waves. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. doi: 10.1002/qj.2381 n Pasquariello, V., Grilli, M., Hickel, S., Adams, N.A.: Large-eddy simulation of passive shock-wave/ boundary-layer interaction control; International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow; DOI: 10.1016/j. ijheatfluidflow.2014.04.005; 2014 n Quaatz, J.F., Giglmaier, M., Hickel, S., Adams, N.A.: Large-eddy simulation of a pseudo-shock system in a Laval nozzle. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.05.006 n Remmler, S., Hickel, S.: Spectral eddy viscosity of stratified turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 755, R6. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2014.423 n Schmidt, S.J., Mihatsch, M.S., Thalhamer, M., Adams, N.A.: Assessment of erosion sensitive areas via compressible simulation of unsteady cavitating flows; Fluid Mechanics and its Applications; Volume 106, 2014, pp. 329-344; DOI: 10.1007/978-94-0178539-6_14 n Tritschler, V., Olson, B., Lele, S., Hickel, S., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: On the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability evolving from a deterministic multimode planar interface. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 755, 429-462. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2014.436 n Tritschler, V.K., Avdonin, A., Hickel, S., Hu, X.Y., Adams, N.A.: Quantification of initial-data uncertainty on a shock-accelerated gas cylinder. Physics of Fluids 26, 026101. doi: 10.1063/1.4865756 n Tritschler, V.K., Zubel, M., Hickel, S., Adams, N.A.: Evolution of length scales and statistics of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability from direct numerical simulations. Physical Review E (in press) n Vincze, M., Borchert, S., Achatz, U., von Larcher, T., Baumann, M., Hertel, C., Remmler, S., Beck, T., Alexandrov, K.D., Egbers, C., Fröhlich, J., Heuveline, V., Hickel, S., Harlander, U.: Benchmarking in a rotating annulus: a comparative experimental and numerical study of baroclinic wave dynamics. Meteorologische Zeitschrift.

Institute of Lightweight Structures New structural concepts – structural simulation and design optimization methods – experimental structural and material investigations

n A highlight in 2015 was the finalization of the laboratory model of an advanced large, precise and also structurally deployable space antenna reflector, which is now under rigorous testing in the institute’s labs and at ESA. Its concept has been derived and investigated in recent years from design considerations, large scale mechanical-thermal-electrical simulations as well as special material developments and investigations. For the scaled demonstrator of the Sagitta advanced unmanned aerial vehicle, the fiber composite structure developed in cooperation with DLR has been built and delivered for further

testing to the project coordinator Airbus. It will be used as a flying testbed for several advanced aerospace technologies contributed by different German Universities and DLR.

The Sagitta Unmanned Aerial Vehicle The advanced Sagitta unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a research and demonstrator project under the lead of Airbus DS with contributions from several German universities and DLR. This project combines different research studies specifically relevant for such UAV together with the full aircraft development process. Its carbon fiber structure developed in cooperation of LLB together with DLR has been delivered to the project coordinator Airbus, where further advanced technical contributions from several Universities and from DLR are integrated for flight testing and demonstrations. Because of the relatively high flight speed and advanced communication and control methods, this testing will be also quite challenging.

Bottom view onto Sagitta during hardware integration

Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier Contact www.llb.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16103

Top view into Sagitta withouts its upper CFRP skin (CAD drawing)

In addition to the demonstrator and flight model structure, investigations have been carried out by LLB on shape morphing rear wing parts of this delta wing aircraft. In-flight aerodynamics and agility shall be further improved, while noise and radar visibility shall be reduced. Like in other cases of morphing structures, certain highly flexible degrees of freedom are generated to allow significant shape changes while at the same time being able to take significant flight loads. Derived shape morphing parts achieve their deformability in certain degrees of freedom like in shear, while all the other degrees of freedom like those for bending are sufficiently stiff to take high loads and also to satisfy e.g. aero-elastic requirements.

Part of Sagitta’s morphing rear wing

Scaled morphing demonstration part generated by an additive manufacturing process

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Large Space Antenna Reflectors

Generic space antenna reflector

Large space antenna reflectors are to be used for communication, radio astronomy and earth observation. Due to their size, they have to be stowed for launch and precisely deployed in orbit, where then only little deviations from the ideal surface shape are allowed even under extreme temperature variations. After years of investigations mainly funded by ESA, LLB established a large laboratory model which has been accepted by ESA for further rigorous tests. Emphasis is put on thermo-elastic behavior at higher and very low temperatures (-170º C).

Laboratory test model in gravity compensation device

Shape Morphing Structures While in operation, (aerospace) structures more or less keep their shape. This then means that their shape designed for certain relevant but more or less fixed ‘design points’ loses its efficiency at other conditions. This for example holds for aircraft components and structures in their flow fields, or for those in electromagnetic fields for space antennas with radiated electromagnetic beams patterns to be modified. These are a quite challenging tasks, because on the one side high loads or high shape precision have to be taken or maintained, while on the other

A view on a generic shape morphing inlet of an aircraft propulsion system actuated by varying pneumatic pressure

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side the significant shape changes call for special mechanical flexibility also in order to limit the required actuation effort. Proper concepts are identified via a synthesis between design and material concepts together with sophisticated simulation and experimental steps. For example, special material models have to be combined with structural models allowing for large geometrical deformations. LLB is working in different potential application fields for shape morphing structures: n Shape morphing rear aircraft wings or wing trailing edges, which shall reduce aerodynamic drag, noise and radar visibility, like for Sagitta mentioned above n Shape morphing inlets of aircraft propulsion systems, which adapt their geometric shape to different operational conditions for takeoff, landing and cruise. An increase of propulsion efficiency and noise reduction shall be achieved (see project MorphElle described below). n Shape morphing space antenna reflectors, where due to (drastic) change in the shape of the reflecting surface the

radiated electromagnetic wave pattern can be adapted to changing communication needs between different regions of the earth. In the EU project MorphElle on shape morphing inlets of aircraft propulsion systems, different European university institutes, Bauhaus Luftfahrt (BHL) and an industrial advisory committee have investigated different concepts. The basic goals for this are the further improvement of efficiency by an even more uniform airflow inside the inlet at different flight conditions, where at the same time radiated noise is to be reduced. Derived from system requirements established by BHL and air flow and noise simulations carried out by KTH Stockholm, LLB together with University of Bristol established, simulated and tested design concepts in combination with new types of materials. An important key is the development of shape morphing skins. They consist of special metal wire meshes imbedded into an elastomer, thus allowing significant pneumatically actuated

shape changes via its low in-plane shear stiffness. Different multi-scale simulation and homogenization steps allowed modelbased optimization iteration loops to achieve the required behavior. Different materials and structural properties have been determined by optimization techniques such that under proper pneumatic actuation the inlet goal shapes determined from KTH are achieved in the best possible way. Representative sections of shape morphing inlets have been tested at University of Bristol for preliminary concept validation and simulation-test correlations.

Multi-scale modeling steps from micro- over meso- to the structural macro-level

Structural sections morphing under pneumatic actuators in a test rig at University of Bristol

High Performance Mathematical Design Optimization Methods Structural design optimization techniques based on mathematical optimization algorithms have been researched and extended in two directions: n Computationally expensive system models like in highly nonlinear dynamic systems are treated by appropriate simulation model reduction techniques. For optimization, such reduced models still have to keep their design or optimization parameters e.g. related to topology, geometry of materials. This leads to parametrized reduced order models, or P-ROMs n The scope of applications has been further broadened by inclusion of verbal or qualitative knowledge, which is transferred to numerical models via soft-computing techniques based on

Interaction of structural mechanics, manufacturing effort and uncertainties in design optimization

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fuzzy methods. These models then are added to the structural simulation and optimization models to establish comprehensive overall models.

to the arrangement and type of their stiffeners needed for example to prevent instability of the thin outer shell. Conventional structures with orthogonal arrangement of circular and longitudinal stiffeners can be realized with even lower masses if stiffeners are arranged in ‘geodesic’ topologies. This arrangement derived from mathematical topology optimization tells that a higher percentage of longitudinal stiffeners in the top and bottom part of the fuselage should be used, while a more +/45 degrees arrangement at the side parts is preferable.

Structuring the solution process for combined structural and manufacturing effort optimization

Standard arrangement of stiffeners in a fuselage shell

Geodesic stiffener arrangement derived by topology optimization

The latter leads to integrated structural mechanics and manufacturing effort models of components and structures for the mathematically based design optimization process. For consideration of qualitative knowledge e.g. on manufacturing effort, ‘what if’-questions for assumed parameter variations and their consequences on the effort are asked to specialists. From their qualitative replies like ‘increases a lot’ or ‘decreases slightly’, numerical relationships between design optimization parameters and relevant output quantities like for manufacturing effort are established. These then get part of the overall optimization model together e.g. with FEM for the structural mechanics aspects. In most of these cases, parallel computing on multi-processor computers plays an important role to keep computation time or so called turn-around time within limits. For example, aircraft fuselage shell structures have been investigated with respect

Modeling steps for C-fiber braided automotive frame section

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Relative manufacturing effort (ME) before and after combined structural-ME optimization

Such design optimization activities were also investigated within the Spitzencluster MAI Design to properly cover the interaction of manufacturing effort and structural behavior under different operational conditions. Car body frames consisting of A-pillars and roof frame parts were used as reference examples for C-fiber braiding and C-fiber lamination manufacturing processes. Again, mechanical simulation models covered the behavior from microto macroscale, while the manufacturing effort as function of different design parameters has been derived from interviews of specialists and transferred to numerical models via fuzzy methods. Optimization algorithms modified geometric crosssection and fiber arrangement parameters

such that the manufacturing effort (production time) e.g. for the braiding process could be reduced by around 50% with only marginal mass penalty. Comparison of results from frames manufactures

by braiding and lamination process then also allow the selection of proper manufacturing methods based on an even more rational trade-off between structural properties and manufacturing effort.

Hybrid Material Structures Since a basic approach in lightweight structures is to identify and put proper materials to proper components and positions within a structure, several activities have been carried out in this area also in order to identify and reduce possible of mismatches of the different materials. This not only relates to their interfaces, but may become also relevant on components and structural level. For example, many thermal cycles in carbon fiber reinforced materials and parts may lead to micro-cracks in the polymer, especially so for cycling amplitudes in the range of +100°C down to -150°C which is typical for many structures in space. Due to a softening effect of such micro-cracks, the C-fiber gets even more dominant for the overall properties of the composite. This then results into a further decrease of the coefficient of thermal expansion, which could change from say -0.2 E-6 / °K down to -1 E-6 / °K. Though still very small in absolute terms, this large relative change might become relevant for structural thermo-elastic deformations and related loss of geometric precision in orbit. Steel fiber reinforced aluminum parts have

Simulated and tested behavior of steel ropes in aluminum base material relevant for crash properties

been investigated in cooperation with Institutes from KIT and TU Dortmund in the SFB/TR10 on advanced manufacturing processes for such materials. Since such parts are mainly aimed for automotive applications, investigations on crash absorption have been finalized end of this year. These investigations covered related materials and components simulations and experimental investigations. Results showed the benefits of such reinforcements, which allow to control the crash behavior.

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Research Focus n Adaptive and shape morphing structures n Hybrid material structures n Large space structures n Model-based design optimization methods Competence n Adaptive structures and smart materials n Design optimization methods n Structural mechanics and design concepts n Mechanical and environmental testing Infrastructure n Computer cluster with 250 processors n CAD and several FEM tools n Dynamic simulation tools n Design optimization tools n Workshop for metal and fiber composite parts n Mechanical and environmental test facilities incl. cryogenic temperatures n Extensive measurement systems n Non-destructive materials and parts inspection Courses n Leichtbau n Luft- und Raumfahrtstrukturen n Multidisciplinary Design Optimization n Adaptive Strukturen n Faserverbundwerkstoffe n Membranstrukturen n Betriebsfestigkeit n Multifunctional Polymer Parts n Vibro-Akustik und Lärm n Testmethoden im Flugzeugbau und Leichtbau

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Management Prof. Horst Baier, Director Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr. Pierre Mertiny Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schwarz Administrative Staff Amely Schwörer Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Achleitner Dr. Valeria Antonelli Dipl.-Ing. Luiz da Rocha-Schmidt Dr. Leri Datashvili, senior research scientist Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Endler Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Friemel Lali Gigineishvili Andreas Hermanutz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Krempl Tao Luo, M.Sc. Nikoloz Maghaldadze, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Martin Mahl Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Morasch Dipl.-Ing. Gunar Reinicke Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Sauerer Dipl.-Ing. Markus Schatz Liang Si, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Holger Staack Dipl.-Ing. Felix Stroscher Tanut Ungwattanapanit, M.Sc. Erich Wehrle, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Wehrle Bin Wei, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Weinzierl Technical Staff Manfred Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Karl-Ludwig Krämer Bernhard Lerch Christian Mörlein Dirk Steglich Josip Stokic

Publications 2015 n Antonelli, V.; Weinzierl, M.; Baier, H.: Feasibility study of a sandwich chopper disc for a time of flight (TOF) spectrometer. ICCM 20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, Copenhagen, 2015 n Antonelli, V.; Weinzierl, M.; Baier, H.: CFRP chopper discs: state of the art and long term perspective. DENIM 2015 – 4th Design and Engineering of Neutron Instruments Meeting, Budapest, 2015 n Baier, H.: Lightweight design of fiber composite structure with emphasis on vibration behavior. International Conference on Dynamics of Composite Structures, Arles (Frankreich), 2015 n Baier, H.; Wehrle, R.; Ungwattanapanit, T.: Definition alternativer Rumpfbauweisen von Verkehrsflugzeugen über modellbasierte Entwurfsoptimierung. DGLR Jahrestagung, Rostock, 2015 n Da Rocha-Schmidt, Luiz; Hermanutz, A.; Baier, H.: A Morphing Lip Concept for Shape Variable Aircraft Engine Nacelles. DGLR Jahrestagung, Rostock, 2015 n Hermanutz, A.; Da Rocha-Schmidt, L.; Baier, H.: Technology Investigation of Morphing Inlet Lip Concepts for Flight Propulsion Nacelles. EUCASS, Krakau, 2015 n Häußler, M.; Schatz, M.; Baier, H.; Mertiny, P.: Optimization of polymer composite pipe under consideration of hybridization. ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2015 n Mahl, M.; Friemel, M.; Capobianco, L.; Haridas, A.; Baier, H.: Influences of Adhesive Properties on Strain Measurement Result of Rayleigh Backscattering Based Fibre Optic Sensors. IWSMH (International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring), Stanford, USA, 2015 n Morasch, A.; Reeb, A.; Baier, H.; Weidenmann, K. A.; Schulze, V.: Characterization of debonding strength in steel-wire-reinforced aluminum and its influence on material fracture. Engineering Fracture Mechanics (141), 2015, pp. 242-259 n Ozdemir, N. G.; Scarpa, F.; Craciun, M.; Remillat, C.; Lira, C.; Jagessur, Y.; da Rocha-Schmidt, L.: Morphing nacelle inlet lip with pneumatic actuators and a flexible nano composite sandwich panel. Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 24, Nr. 12, 2015

n Reinicke, Gunar: Aktive Schwingungsdämpfung in Satellitenbauteilen bei verschiedenen Anregungsspektren – Simulation und experimentelle Verifikation. Dissertation TU München, 2015 n Schatz, M.; Baier, H.: Integration von Fertigungsaufwänden in die Entwurfsoptimierung von kurz- bis endlosfaserverstärkten Strukturen. NAFEMS Conference on Optimization and Robust Design, Wiesbaden, 2015 n Schatz, M.; Baier, H.: Effizierte Strukturoptimierung von Flechtstrukturen mit Hilfe entkoppelter Mehrskalenhomogenisierung und Berücksichtigung von Fertigungsrestriktionen. Landshuter Leichtbau Colloqium, 2015 n Schatz, M.; Baier, H.: Optimization of laminated structures considering manufacturing efforts. World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimisation (WCSMO), Sydney, 2015 n Si, L.; Baier, H.: Real-Time Impact Visualization Inspection of Aerospace Composite Structures with distributed Sensor, Sensors, 2015, pp. 16536-16556 n Staack, H.; Seibert, D.; Baier, H.: Application oriented failure modeling and characterization for polymers in automotive pedestrian protection. International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS). Fundamentals and Application, Barcelona, 2015 n Wehrle, Erich Josef: Design optimization of lightweight space-frame structures considering crashworthiness and parameter uncertainty, Dissertation TU München, 2015 n Weinzierl, M.; Baier, H.; Krämer, L.; Antonelli, V.: Design and certification of the chopper disks for the NEAT II TOF spectrometer: A lesson learned. DENIM 2015 – 4th Design and Engineering of Neutron Instruments Meeting [9, 2015, Budapest], 2015 n Weinzierl, M.; Schatz, M.; Antonelli, V.; Baier, H.: Structural Design Optimization of CFRP Chopper Disks. International Conference on Composite Structures, Lisbon, 2015 n Zhang, Yang: Efficient Procedures for Structural Optimization with Integer and Mixed-Integer Design Variables. Dissertation TU München, 2015

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Institute of Ergonomics Definition and evaluation of human-machine interaction and anthropometric layout of technical systems. Safety, efficiency of use and user satisfaction.

n The focus of the Institute of Ergonomics in 2015 was to intensify and increase the activities in the area of cooperative interaction between human and vehicle or human and robots. National and international funded project proposals were successful to continue the fundamental research at the institute.

Contact

The second focus was the set up of the modular ergonomic mockup which was donated by the Daimler AG and can be used for research questions in the field of seating comfort. Furthermore the institute implemented a virtual pedestrian simulator and a networked driving simulation in the context of the German research project UR:BAN to analyze complex interactions

www.ergonomie.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15388

Modular Ergonomic Mockup

Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler

MEPS – Modular ergonomic mockup donated by the Daimler AG (Reference: Ulrich Benz/TUM)

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To answer ergonomic questions regarding vehicles often simplified mockups are used. The modular ergonomic mockup (short MEPS) is an automated versatile version of such a test rig. Developed and used by the Daimler AG it was donated to the Institute of Ergonomics in 2013. A group of five bachelor students, a graduated research assistant and the technical personnel of the institute have moved and build it up at the chair. Using the modular ergonomic mockup different vehicle geometries from sport

in future traffic scenarios. The institute did also research in production ergonomics. The resulting approach of user-oriented assistance has now been implemented in the form of different prototypes, ranging from a thumb support for workers in the automotive production up to an exoskeleton for manual handling tasks.

cars up to trucks, as well as tram wagons and new innovative concept of the interior can be represented without big constructive change at the mockup itself and in relatively short time. The flexibility is achieved on a modular construction using so-called module wagons and a rail system. Different module wagons exist for different assembly components (e.g. car body, steering wheel, seats, etc.) which can be placed on the rail system variable. A hydraulic lifting system allows to change the wagons as needed. The wagons are electrically controlled by a LabView-based program in up to 4 degrees of freedom (3 translations and 1 rotation) according to the demand of the assembly. This procedure permits the high variability of the system. Using the modular ergonomic mockup a wide area of research topics can be investigated: n Digital human modeling (performance, discomfort) n Driving simulation n Innovative interior concepts (e.g. automated driving)

Seat Test Dummy

Validation process of the dummy (Reference: André Dietrich)

The evaluation of newly developed car seats nowadays requires several studies with numerous participants to be conducted. To decrease the number and effort of aforementioned experiments and present a simplified way for objective comfort measurement, the Institute of Ergonomics

developed a silicone dummy that represents the pressure distribution of a 50th percentile male on a car seat. While previously developed dummies focused on the femoral and gluteal pressure distribution, the presented dummy is extended with a back to ensure discomfort evaluation along the entire seating surface. The inside of the dummy consists of 3D-printed parts resembling skeletal structures, which are attached to an aluminum framework. This allows the back to be bent in predefined joints for up to ±20 degrees. The surrounding silicone is attached to the solid parts in multiple layers, imitating different kinds of tissue in human bodies. In future studies the dummy will be used to measure its pressure distribution in different seat concepts so that comparisons with results of discomfort studies with human participants can be made.

Dummy positioned on a car seat (Reference: André Dietrich)

Thumb Protection – Thumb Support Although automation of many processes is increasing the greatest part of production tasks is still manual which leads to high workloads on the human body. Due to shorter cycle times and simplified tasks, cycles are characterized through high forces as well as high repetition rates. Especially in areas like automotive assembly, the whole upper limb of the human body is stressed. In the case of the hand, the thumb, for example, used to push plugs into the bodywork of a car, is exposed to high physical strain. Due to this a functional assembly aid to support the thumb was developed, with the primary goals: n keeping the thumb within a neutral joint position n transmitting the force from the fingertip to the whole thumb The thumb support is individually adjusted and 3D printed. Results from nearly 100 interviews from workers testing the thumb support showed a subjective load reduction for the thumb. Furthermore the effort

Application of the thumb support (Reference: Christin Hölzel)

to insert plugs was minimized. Based on this feedback, this first prototype will now be improved. Although several improvements were implemented acceptance is still limited due to limited usability when gripping parts. Nevertheless the overall feedback is positive. An evaluation of the thumb support with the help of the BORG scale, for inserting plugs, showed lower BORG values when wearing the thumb support than without thumb support (Hölzel, Schmidtler, Knott, Bengler, 2015).

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UR:BAN – a German Research Initiative Focusing on the Challenges of Future Urban Traffic

Urban Space: user-oriented assistance systems and network management (Reference: www. urban-online.org)

Over thirty partners, including automobile and electronics manufacturers, suppliers, communication technology and software companies, as well as research institutes and cities, have joined in the cooperative project UR:BAN (German acronym for Urban Space: User-oriented Assistance

systems and Network management) to develop advanced driver assistance and traffic management systems for cities. The focus is on the human element in all aspects of mobility and traffic. The research objectives will be pursued in three main thematic target areas: n Cognitive assistance n Networked traffic management n Human factors in traffic. The Institute of Ergonomics leads the project ‘Human Factors in Traffic’ which is thematically subdivided in the projects n Urban driving n Urban-specific HMI design n Behavior and intention recognition n Simulation and behavior modeling n Controllability to work on the challenges of urban traffic and foster the support of the driver in concerns of a safer, more efficient and less straining urban driving experience. The initiative is funded by the Federal ministry of Economics and Energy due to the decision of the German Bundestag and started in April 2012 for the duration of 4 years.

Social Interaction in Synthetic Environments – The Pedestrian Simulator In the sub-project ‘Simulation and Behavior Modeling’ of the research initiative UR:BAN (www.urban-online.org) the activities focus on the analysis and corresponding descriptive modeling of the behavior of road users and of their mutual interactions. This modeling will be coordinated with the applications developed in other UR:BAN projects. The focus here is on the behavior of informed and assisted drivers, taking into account in detail their interactions with other vehicles (with/ without UR:BAN technology) as well as with cyclists and pedestrians. To enable the investigation of social interaction between pedestrians and drivers in urban scenarios, the Institute 80

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The virtual pedestrian simulator (Reference: Ulrich Benz/TUM)

of Ergonomics developed a pedestrian simulator and linked it to the institute’s driving simulators. The pedestrian simulator consists of a motion capture system, a head-mounted display, a motion-suit and

the driving simulation software. Thus it is possible for two (or more) participants, using the driving simulator(s) and the pedestrian simulator, to meet in the same virtual world and adapt their behavior corresponding to each other. In several studies the empirical work focused on the quantification of social interaction (i.e. Lehsing, Kracke, Bengler,

2015), the validation and immersion improvement of the pedestrian simulator. The pedestrian simulator itself can be used as a stand-alone experimental lab or linked to a driving simulator to analyze, for example, critical crossing situations, the acceptance of future driver assistance systems or the parametrization of autonomous driving cars.

Replacement of Mirrors in Trucks In 2016 a change in regulation ECE R46 (devices for indirect vision in vehicles) will allow camera monitor systems (CMS) to replace mirrors. The according requirements are based on ISO 16505. The Institute of Ergonomics participated on the draws of both documents. In a project together with MAN Truck & Bus AG a CMS prototype for trucks was realized. The main focus was the optimization of the image representation to human perception: In nature, an object is normally detected in the peripheral field of view (mostly by a change in optical flow) and can then be focused by the line of sight (so called foveal vision). Normal mirror systems violate this principle. The driver has to focus on the dedicated mirror to be able to detect objects within it. With currently six prescribed mirrors in truck, the task of observing all fields of indirect vision simultaneously gets pretty complicated for the driver, as foveal vision is not parallelizable. In general new ways of image representation are possible by establishing CMS

Comparison of the CMS with the current mirror system on the passenger side: one single display replaces three mirrors. The cyclist is detected easily within the CMS (Reference: Albert Zaindl)

in vehicles. The developed prototype combines the mandatory fields of view from the main, wide-angle and close proximity mirror to one single and consistent image. With this CMS the driver can keep track of the whole surroundings within one glance. The driver is now able to detect objects within the short range of the truck easily and particularly even randomly by peripheral vision. The system enables the driver to overview happenings around the truck more quickly and accurately which is accompanied by an increase in safety (Zaindl, 2015a; Zaindl, 2015b).

Cooperative Systems and User Friendly Automation The research group Cooperative Systems and Automation pursues a cross-domain approach to address a variety of research questions in the fields of vehicle automation, cooperation, robotics and aviation. By introducing cross-functional design paradigms for interaction and user interfaces and developing methods and metrics for measuring and inferring user states, a human-centered holistic view

on multilevel automated and cooperative systems is enabled. This holistic approach also becomes apparent in interdisciplinary projects like the sociotechnical project ASHAD, where the Institute of Ergonomics, together with five other institutes of the TUM, examines highly automated driving from different perspectives, among them ethics, economics, acceptance and trust. The European Initial Training Institute of Ergonomics

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project Ko-HAF aims to address driver state in automated vehicles and its impact on safety and comfort on motorways. The consortium includes several German OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers from the automotive industry.

Cross domain approach consisting of automotive, aviation, and robotics (Reference: Julia Fridgen, Jonas Schmidtler)

Network HFAuto integrates driver state monitoring with the design of human machine interfaces integrating visual, sound and haptic cues to achieve a safe and acceptable driver interaction in highly automated vehicles. The nationally funded

Projects n ASHAD (automation and society – highly automated driving) n HFAuto – human factors of automate driving n SaMSys – safety management system in aviation n KobotAERGO – adaptive collaborative robots as age-adjusted companion for ergonomic and flexible material handling n Ko-HAF – cooperative highly automated driving

Usability and User Experience The main focus of the research on usability and user experience is the finding and understanding of different factors of human machine interface design and their effects on usability and user experience. A basic requirement for consistent communication and research is a confined definition and differentiation of the terms usability and user experience. It is the foundation for fundamental research which aims at identifying relevant factors that can be adjusted to optimize human machine interaction. Main topics of the research on usability and user experience at the Institute of Ergonomics are interaction design for touch screen devices, gesture interaction for utility vehicles, and the digitalization of workplaces. Regarding gesture interaction, the aim is to specify recommendations for an ergonomic and usable application of gesture control in utility vehicles. Since an ergonomic and usable application of gesture control is based on the identification and specification of suitable use cases, meaningful gestures and appropriate gesture recognition technology, these criteria are within the scope of current research work. 82

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Different hand postures which gestures used for gesture interaction potentially can comprise (Reference: Michael Stecher)

The design of software for a traffic control center is an example for the digitalization of workplaces. The challenge is to prevent information workload in critical situations, and at the same time to not leave out information, which is important for monitoring. The group contributes to a general propagation of ergonomic product design by taking part in standard publishing committees (e.g. VDI 3850). Projects n Workplace and software design for a traffic control center n Gesture control for utility vehicles

Research Focus n Digital human modeling for ergonomic anthropometric workplace layout, products and cars n Biomechanics modeling of forces and motions n Investigation and design of humanmachine-interaction n Investigation of concepts for interaction in cooperative systems n Development of measurement metrics n Research on motivational aspects of user behavior Competence n Interdisciplinary research approach n Development of evaluation methods, models and implementation of interaction concepts in the areas anthropometry/biomechanics as well as cognitive ergonomics Infrastructure n Static driving simulator mockup n Static driving simulator (360° fov) n Modular ergonomic mockup n Remote and head-mounted eye trackers n Pupil dilation measurement equipment n VICON motion capturing system n Seating lab n Seat test dummy n Driver distraction usability lab n Climate chamber n Biomechanical laboratory n Cardiopulmonary exercise testing Courses n Arbeitswissenschaft/Ergonomie n Produktergonomie (Master) n Produktionsergonomie (Master) n Softwareergonomie n Menschliche Zuverlässigkeit (Master) n Human Factors – Ergonomie (Master)

Management Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler, Director Visiting Professor Prof. Dr. ir. Riender Happee Adjunct Professor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Maurer Administrative Staff Simona Chiritescu-Kretsch Doris Herold Julia Fridgen Elfriede Graupensberger Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Herbert Rausch Dipl.-Ing. Martin Albert Carmen Aringer M.A. Dipl.-Ing. Jurek Breuninger Benedikt Brück M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ingrid Bubb Antonia Conti M.Sc. Stephanie Cramer M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. André Dietrich Anna Feldhütter M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ilja Feldstein Patrick Galaske M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Gold Joel Gonçalves M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Gontar Dipl.-Ing. Martin Götze Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Haslbeck Dipl.-Ing. Magnus Helmbrecht Christin Hölzel M.A. Ralf Kassirra Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kerschbaum Dipl.-Ing. Verena Knott Dipl.-Psych. Moritz Körber Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krause M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Lange Dipl. Wirtsch.-Ing. Christian Lehsing Claudia Neuhofer M.Sc. Bastiaan Petermeijer M.Sc. Lisa Pfannmüller M.Sc. Dipl.-Inf. Severina Popova-Dlugosch Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Radlmayr Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Rommerskirchen Lisa Rücker M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Schmidtler Dipl.-Inf. Nadine Walter Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Smykowski Michael Stecher M.Sc. Institute of Ergonomics

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Dipl.-Ing. Paul Stuke Dipl.-Ing. Annika Ulherr Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Weißgerber Dipl.-Ing. Tom Winkle Dipl.-Ing. Albert Zaindl Dipl.-Medieninf. Markus Zimmermann

Technical Staff Michael Arzberger Heribert Hart Papist Robert

Publications 2015 n Albert, M., Lange, A., Schmidt, A., Wimmer, M., & Bengler, K. (2015). Automated Driving – Assessment of Interaction Concepts Under Real Driving Conditions. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 2832-2839). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915007684 n Aringer, C., Schiepe-Tiska, A., Simm, I., Kassirra, R., & Rausch, H. (2015). Ergonomie im Klassenzimmer: Ein Projekt zur Verbesserung ergonomischer Bedingungen in Schulen: Beitrag B.1.2. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), VerANTWORTung für die Arbeit der Zukunft. Retrieved from http://www.gesellschaft-fuer-arbeitswissenschaft.de n Bengler, K., Götze, M., Pfannmüller, L., & Zaindl, A. (2015). To See or Not to See – Innovative Display Technologies as Enablers for Ergonomic Cockpit Concepts. In Proceedings of the electronic displays Conference. n Bengler, K., Pfromm, M., & Bruder, R. (2015). Bedienelemente. In H. Winner, S. Hakuli, F. Lotz, & C. Singer (Eds.), Handbuch Fahrerassistenzsysteme (3rd ed., pp. 647-657). Wiesbaden: Vieweg Teubner. n Bubb, H., Bengler, K., Grünen, R. E., & Vollrath, M. (2015). Automobilergonomie. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. n Conti, A. S., Kremser, F., Krause, M., An, D.-j., & Bengler, K. (2015). The Effect of Varying Target Sizes and Spaces between Target and Non-target Elements on Goal-directed Hand Movement Times while Driving. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 3168-3175). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915008677 n Feldstein, I., Guentner, A., & Bengler, K. (2015). IR-based in-vehicle head-tracking. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 829-836). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S235197891500339X n Gold, C., Körber, M., Hohenberger, C., Lechner, D., & Bengler, K. (2015). Trust in Automation – Before and After the Experience of Take-over Scenarios in a Highly Automated Vehicle. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 3025-3032). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2351978915008483

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n Goncalves, J., & Bengler, K. (2015). Driver State Monitoring Systems – Transferable Knowledge Manual Driving to HAD. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 3011-3016). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S235197891500846X n Goncalves, J., Olaverri-Monreal, C., & Bengler, K. (2015). Driver Capability Monitoring in Highly Automated Driving: From State to Capability Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE-ITSC) (pp. 2329-2334). IEEE. n Gontar, P., & Hoermann, H.-J. (2015). Reliability of Instructor Pilots’ Non-Technical Skills Ratings. In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP) 2015 (pp. 366-371). Wright State University and Events. n Gontar, P., Porstner, V., Hoermann, H.-J., & Bengler, K. (2015). Pilots’ Decision-Making under High Workload: Recognition-Primed or Not – An Engineering Point of View. In G. Lindgaard & D. Moore (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association(IEA) 2015. n Götze, M., & Bengler, K. (2015). Urban Driving: Where to Present What Types of Information – Comparison of Head-Down and Head-Up Displays. In S. Yamamoto (Ed.): Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Knowledge in Context, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015 (pp. 190-200). Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/ 10.1007/978-3-319-20618-9_19 n Götze, M., Ruff, F., & Bengler, K. (2015). Optimal Information Output in Urban Traffic Scenarios: An Evaluation of Different HMI Concepts. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 739-746). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2351978915003182 n Hölzel, C., Schmidtler, J., Knott, V. & Bengler, K. (2015). Unterstützung des Menschen in der Arbeitswelt der Zukunft. In R. Weidner et al. (Hrsg.) Technische Unterstützungssysteme. DOI10.1007/978-3-662-48383-1_4, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 n Haslbeck, A., Schmidt-Moll, C., & Schubert, E. (2015). Pilots’ Willingness to Report Aviation Incidents. In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP) 2015 (pp. 1-5). Wright State University and Events.

n Hinderer, M., Hilkesberger, M., Friedrich, P., Wolf, B., & Bengler, K. (2015). Gefühlte Sicherheit in einem autonomen treppensteigenden Rollstuhl: Subjective safety with an autonomous stairclimbing wheelchair. In Proceedings of the 8. AAL-Kongress – Zukunft Lebensräume – 2015. Berlin: VDE Verlag. n Kassirra, R. (2015). Ein methodisches Verfahren zur Analyse motivationsunterstützender Merkmale in Arbeitsaufträgen: Beitrag B.1.10. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), VerANTWORTung für die Arbeit der Zukunft. Retrieved from http://www.gesellschaft-fuer-arbeitswissenschaft.de n Kassirra, R., Schiepe-Tiska, A., Simm, I., Aringer, C., & Rausch, H. (2015). Messkoffer fürs Klassenzimmer. TUMcampus. Das Magazin der Technischen Universität München, (2), 14. n Knott, V., Demmelmair, S., & Bengler, K. (2015). Emissive Projection Display im Fahrzeug – Auswirkungen auf die Aufmerksamkeit des Fahrers: Präsentations und Beitrag zum 61. Frühjahrskongress der Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft. In Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e. V. (GfA) (Ed.), VerANTWORTung für die Arbeit der Zukunft. n Knott, V. C., Demmelmair, S., & Bengler, K. (2015). Distraction and Driving Behavior by Presenting Information on an ‘Emissive Projection Display’ Compared to a Head-up Display. In D. Harris (Ed.), Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. 12th International Conference, EPCE 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings (Vol. 9174, pp. 13–23). Springer International Publishing. n Knott, V. C., Mayr, T., & Bengler, K. (2015). Lifting Activities in Production and Logistics of the Future – Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) for Analyzing Physiological Stress. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 354-362). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2351978915001742 n Körber, M., Schneider, W., & Zimmermann, M. (2015). Vigilance, boredom proneness and detection time of a malfunction in partially automated driving. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). The 16th Annual Meeting (pp. 70-76). IEEE XPLORE Digital Library. n Körber, M., Cingel, A., Zimmermann, M., & Bengler, K. (2015). Vigilance Decrement and Passive Fatigue Caused by Monotony in Automated Driving. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 2403-2409). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2351978915005004 n Krause, M., Angerer, C., & Bengler, K. (2015). Evaluation of a Radio Tuning Task on Android while Driving. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 2642-2649). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2351978915003352 n Krause, M., Conti, A. S., Henning, M., Seubert, C., Heinrich, C., Bengler, K., Glaser, D. (2015). App Analytics: Predicting the Distraction Potential of In-vehicle Device Applications. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (pp. 2658-2665). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915006289

n Krause, M., Donant, N., & Bengler, K. (2015). Comparing Occlusion Method by Display Blanking to Occlusion Goggles. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 2650-2657). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S235197891500623X n Krause, M., Knott, V., & Bengler, K. (2015). Implementing the Tactile Detection Task in a Real Road Experiment to Assess a Traffic Light Assistant. In L. Miller & A. L. Culen (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions (pp. 43-48). n Krause, M., Weichelt, S., & Bengler, K. (2015). Malfunction of a Traffic Light Assistant Application on a Smartphone. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE) 2015. ACM Digital Library. Retrieved from http://dl.acm. org/citation.cfm?doid=2788412.2788443 n Lange, A., Albert, M., Siedersberger, K.-H., & Bengler, K. (2015). Ergonomic Design of the Vehicle Motion in an Automated Driving Car. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (pp. 2761-2768). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915007118 n Lehsing, C., Kracke, A., & Bengler, K. (2015). Urban Perception – A Cross-Correlation Approach to Quantify the Social Interaction in a Multiple Simulator Setting. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE-ITSC) (pp. 1014-1021). IEEE. n Matthaei, R., Reschka, A., Rieken, J., Dierkes, F., Ulbrich, S., Winkle, T., & Maurer, M. (2015). Autonomes Fahren. In H. Winner, S. Hakuli, F. Lotz, & C. Singer (Eds.), Handbuch Fahrerassistenzsysteme (3rd ed., pp. 1139-1166). Wiesbaden: Vieweg Teubner. n Maurer, M., Gerdes, C., Lenz, B., & Winner, H. (Eds.). (2015). Autonomes Fahren – Technische, rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. n Pfannmüller, L., Kramer, M., Senner, B., & Bengler, K. (2015). A Comparison of Display Concepts for a Navigation System in an Automotive Contact Analog Head-Up Display. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 4849-4856). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915006794 n Pfannmüller, L., Walter, M., & Bengler, K. (2015). Lead me the right way?! The impact of position accuracy of augmented reality navigation arrows in a contact analog head-up display on driving performance, workload, and usability. In G. Lindgaard & D. Moore (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association(IEA) 2015. Retrieved from www.iea2015.org n Pfannmüller, L., Walter, M., Senner, B., & Bengler, K. (2015). Depth Perception of Augmented Reality Information in an Automotive Contact Analog Head-Up Display. Journal of Vision, (15(12),1078). doi:10.1167/15.12.1078

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n Radlmayr, J., Selzer, T., Arcati, A., & Bengler, K. (2015). Haptic Gear Shifting Indication: Evaluating Acceptance and Potential Fuel Consumption Reduction. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (pp. 2746-2752). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S2351978915006952 n Schmidtler, J., Knott, V., Hölzel, C., & Bengler, K. (2015). Human centered assistance applications for the working environment of the future. Occupational Ergonomics, Vol. 12(3), 83-95. doi:10.3233/OER150226 n Schmidtler, J., Sezgin, A., Illa, T., & Bengler, K. (2015). Black or White? Influence of Robot Arm Contrast on Distraction in Human-Robot Interaction. In D. Harris (Ed.), Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. 12th International Conference, EPCE 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings (Vol. 9174, pp. 188-199). Springer International Publishing. n Schmidtler, J., & Bengler, K. (2015). Fast or Accurate? – Performance Measurements for Physical Human-robot Collaborations. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 1387-1394). Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2351978915002991 n Stecher, M., Baseler, E., Draxler, L., Fricke, L., Michel, B., Zimmermann, A., & Bengler, K. (2015). Tracking Down the Intuitiveness of Gesture Interaction in the Truck Domain. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences (Vol. 3, pp. 3176-3183). Elsevier. n Ulherr, A., Hasselmann, K., Kuhn, K., & Bengler, K. (2015). The Effect of Secondary Tasks on Perceived Seating Discomfort. In G. Lindgaard & D. Moore (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association(IEA) 2015. Retrieved from http://ergonomics.uq.edu.au/ iea/proceedings/Index_files/papers/1634.pdf n vom Stein, M., Knott, V., Günthner, W. A., & Bengler, K. (2015). Augmented Reality im Flurförderzeug. Technische Sicherheit, 5(3), 40-45. n Wachenfeld, W., Winner, H., Gerdes, C., Lenz, B., Maurer, M., Beiker, S., Winkle, T. (2015). Use Cases des autonomen Fahrens. In M. Maurer, C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, & H. Winner (Eds.), Autonomes Fahren – Technische, rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. n Walter, N., Altmüller, T., & Bengler, K. (2015). Concept of a Reference Architecture for an Extendable In-vehicle Adaptive Recommendation Service. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2015) (pp. 88–93). New York, USA: ACM Digital Library. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation. cfm?id=2809730.2809749&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=727066887&CFTOKEN=79151797

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n Walter, N., Kaplan, B., Wettemann, C., Altmüller, T., & Bengler, K. (2015). What Are the Expectations of Users of an Adaptive Recommendation Service Which Aims to Reduce Driver Distraction? In M. Aaron (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, DUXU 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015. Design, User Experience, and Usability: Interactive Experience Design (Vol. 9188, pp. 517-528). Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1 007%2F978-3-319-20889-3_48 n Winkle, T. (2015). Entwicklungs- und Freigabeprozess automatisierter Fahrzeuge: Berücksichtigung technischer, rechtlicher und ökonomischer Risiken. In M. Maurer, C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, & H. Winner (Eds.), Autonomes Fahren – Technische, rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte (pp. 612-633). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. n Winkle, T. (2015). Sicherheitspotenzial automatisierter Fahrzeuge: Erkenntnisse aus der Unfallforschung. In M. Maurer, C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, & H. Winner (Eds.), Autonomes Fahren – Technische, rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte (pp. 352374). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. n Zimmermann, M., Fahrmeier, L., & Bengler, K. J. (2015). A Roland for an Oliver? Subjective perception of cooperation during conditionally automated driving. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). The 16th Annual Meeting (pp. 57-63). IEEE XPLORE Digital Library. n Zaindl, A. (2015). Spiegelersatz am Nutzfahrzeug. In Ergonomie Aktuell Ausgabe 016, Sommer 2015, ISSN 1616-7627, p. 30-33. n Zaindl, A.; Zimmermann, A.; Dörner, K.; Kohrs, C. (2015). Camera-Monitor-System as Mirror Replacement in Commercial Vehicles. In Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift (ATZ) 05/2015, p.12-16.

Bioseparation Engineering Group Process development, particle technology, filtration, and extraction

n The Bioseparation Engineering Group deals with different aspects of the isolation and purification of biomolecules for the pharmaceutical or chemical industry. We are focused on adsorption, filtration, and extraction as separation methods as well as their integration into the production process. In addition to the experimental approaches we use COMSOL and COSMO-RS for modelling and simulation. In 2015, we could finally claim that bioseparation engineering is successfully established as new research field at TU München. As one of the highlights the first PhD thesis in our group was finished with the focus on antibody purification. The development of new high selective stationary phases with a high binding capacity yields an increased separation productivity of antibodies compared to commercial high level matrices.

Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier Contact Protein A – antibody complex. Copyright: Frhr. von Roman, TUM

www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ selektive-trenntechnik [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15750

New Stationary Phases New stationary phases are essential in bioseparation sciences: classical phases are already well developed and reach their limits. The Bioseparation Engineering Group is specialized on synthesis and functionalization of magnetic particles and conductive materials as well as their process implementation. Making use of magnetism or conductivity allows for an additional degree of freedom for state-ofthe-art process development. Projects n AiF/IFG Project – Synthesis, characterization and application of new stationary phases for potential-controlled chromatography

Optimization of magnetic nano particle synthesis by statistical approaches. Copyright: Roth, TUM

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Functional Interfaces quality in whole of the separation step. In contrast, uncontrolled aggregation of particles decreases process performance concerning robustness, reproducibility, and scalability. All these aspects are main focus topics of our projects.

96 well screening plate

In separation sciences the interaction of particulate carriers among each other and to target molecules is essential for process development. Selective interactions as well as high binding capacities of target molecules to solid phases determine the final purity and yield and therefore the

Projects n BMBF Biotechnology 2020+ initiative – rational design of peptide-surface interactions n AiF-ZIM – STEP-MAG: Verfahren und Messgerät zur Quantifizierung der magnetischen Mobilität von Nanomaterialen und deren Verteilung n Development of new stationary phases for antibody purification

Process Development research. A focus area is the research on high-gradient magnetic separation and membrane assisted extraction with focus on viscous media with highly solid content.

Simulation of magnetic fields

In addition to the optimization of classical downstream processes new innovative separation techniques as well as integrated process concepts are subjects under

Research Focus n Downstream processing n Bioprocess integration n High-gradient magnetic separation n New magnetic or conductive particles n Optimization of chromatographic processes n Biomolecule-surface-interaction n Extraction

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Projects n BMBF Project – new enzyme recycling strategies in industrial processes n BMBF e:Bio initiative – SysBioTerp – innovative strategies for a sustainable production of bioactive molecules n Verfügungsfond MW – preparative purification of gastric porcine mucines

Competence n Synthesis and characterization of nanoand microparticles n Surface functionalization n Magnetic separation and automation n Fermentation n Molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry n Simulation with COSMO-RS, COMSOL Multiphysics, and SuperPro Designer

Infrastructure: n S1 – Labs (working with genetically modified microorganisms – safety level 1) n Parallel bioreactor system n High-gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) n Diverse chromatography- and filtration systems n Particle-/surface analytics (DLS, BET, RAMAN, TGA-MS, contact angle, tensiometry) n HPLC systems Courses n Bioseparation Engineering I + II n Biotechnology for Engineers n Practical Training on Bioprocess Engineering n Practical Training on Particular Nanotechnology n Practical Training on Preparative Chromatography

Management Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier, Director Administrative Staff Mrs. Susanne Kuchenbaur, Team Assistant Research Scientists Dr. Paula Fraga Garcia Dr. Constanze Finger Dr. Matthias von Roman Silvia Blank, M.Sc. Markus Brammen, M.Sc. Kerstin Dieler, M.Sc. Ljubomir Grozdev, M.Sc. Lars Janoschek, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Christian Roth Veronika Schömig, M.Sc. Sebastian Schwaminger, M.Sc. Technical Staff Stefan Darchinger, BTA

Peer-reviewed Publications 2015 n Roth H-C, Prams A, Lutz M, Ritscher J, Raab M, Berensmeier S: A high-gradient magnetic separator for highly viscous process liquors in industrial biotechnology, accepted, DOI: 10.1002/ ceat.201500398. n Mykhaylyk O, Lerche D, Vlaskou D, Schoemig V, Detloff T, Krause D, Wolff M, Joas T, Berensmeier S, Plank C: Magnetophoretic velocity determined by space- and time-resolved-extinction profiles, IEEE Magnetics Letters, 6, 2015. n Schwaminger SP, Fraga García P, Merck GK, Bodensteiner FA, Heissler S, Günther S, Berensmeier S: Nature of interactions of amino acids with bare magnetite nanoparticles, J Phys Chem C, 119, 23032-23041, 2015. n Fraga García P, Brammen M, Wolf M, Reinlein S, Freiherr von Roman M, Berensmeier S: High-gradient magnetic separation for technical scale protein recovery using low cost magnetic nanoparticles, Sep Purif Technol, 150, 29-36, 2015. n Hekmat D, Maslak D, Freiherr von Roman M, Breitschwerdt P, Ströhle C, Vogt A, Berensmeier S, Weuster-Botz D: Non-chromatographic preparative purification of enhanced green fluorescent protein, J Biotechnol, 194, 84-90, 2015. n Roth H-C, Schwaminger SP, Schindler M, Wagner FE, Berensmeier S: Influencing factors in the co-precipitation process of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: a model based study, J Magn Magn Mater, 377, 81–89, 2015.

Reviews n Peuker U, Thomas O, Hobley T, Franzreb M, Berensmeier S, Schäfer M, Hickstein B: Bioseparation, Magnetic particle adsorbents, book chapter, Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, John Wiley & Sons, 2010. n Heyd M, Kohnert A, Tan T-H, Nusser M, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Franzreb M, Berensmeier S: Development and trends of biosurfactans analysis and purification using rhamnolipids as example, review, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 391(5), 1579-1590, 2008. n Berensmeier S: Magnetic particles for separation and purification of nucleic acid molecules, review, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 73, 495-504, 2006.

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Institute of Wind Energy Wind energy technology

n The Wind Energy Institute (WEI) has defined four highly interconnected thrust areas where it is concentrating its research activities: simulation, testing, control and design. The institute works both on basic scientific and application-oriented problems, often in close collaboration with industry. Areas of specific expertise embrace all main relevant scientific disciplines, including aerodynamics, structures, dynamics, materials, controls and electrical aspects.

Prof. Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso Contact www.wind.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16681

The institute staff has also a unique experience in the development of scaled wind turbine and wind farm models for wind tunnel testing, which are among the most sophisticated ever developed for these applications. In 2016 WEI will host the next edition of Torque, the main scientific conference in

wind energy worldwide. We expect the participation of over 300 researchers in wind energy from all over the world, who will be at TUM from Oct. 5 to Oct. 7 2016 to discuss the most recent advances in the field of wind energy.

Scaled Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Testing

Scaled wind farm in a boundary layer wind tunnel

Actuated platform for the wind tunnel simulation of a deep-water floating cluster

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WEI has developed a scaled experimental facility for the simulation of wind turbines and wind farms in a boundary layer wind tunnel. This unique facility enables the conduction of experiments in aeroservoelasticity, the study of wakes, machine-to-machine interactions, and wind farm control for power maximization and load mitigation. The facility is highly instrumented, allowing for the collection of a wide range of high quality data, both regarding the flow conditions and the response of the machines. Such data can be used for the verification of performance of control strategies, as well as the validation of computational tools. The experimental setup is highly flexible, allowing for different machine configurations,

operational scenarios, and the testing of different control algorithms used onboard the individual wind turbines or the whole wind farm. Extremely interesting experiments have been conducted in 2015, leading to the first-ever experimental demonstration of the effectiveness of wake-redirection control in improving the power output of a wind farm. Even more exciting new experiments are planned for 2016. A highlight of the year will be the wind tunnel testing of a wind turbine cluster made of 4 closely-spaced wind turbines mounted on a floating platform, for deep offshore installations. The tests will be used to verify advanced control laws for the operation of the floating cluster, including extreme sea and wind conditions. Projects n BMWi project Compact Wind ‘Erhöhung des Flächenenergieertrags in Windparks durch avancierte Anlagenund Parkregelung’ n Industrial project ‘Wind Farm Control’ n Industrial project ‘Development and testing of scaled offshore wind turbine models’ n One Post-Doc position (MSE seed funding)

Wind Sensing Technology WEI develops technology for the use of the wind turbines as wind sensors. By the use of wind turbine response data, as provided by sensors installed on the blades or the nacelle, the technology computes in real-time the wind conditions at each machine, including wind speed, wind direction, vertical and horizontal shear, wake state (full, partial, no wake interference) and turbulence intensity. Such technology is capable of providing detailed information on the wind conditions, in support of improved operation of each machine or the whole wind farm through smart control strategies. This may lead to improved power output and power quality, and to fatigue load mitigation. The technology can also be used for very short time assessment and forecasting of wind conditions within a wind farm, with impact on operation and control of the power plant.

A highlight of the year was the first experimental demonstration of the ‘wake observer’, a novel software that can detect the impingement of a wake on the rotor of a wind turbine. In fact, when operating within wind farms, wind turbines may suffer severe losses due to interactions with the wakes of neighboring machines. The wake observer developed by WEI researchers can be used for driving wake redirection strategies, in turn increasing power output and reducing loads. Projects n Industrial project ‘Wind Estimation from Rotor Loads’ n Industrial project ‘Vertical Wind Shear Estimation from Rotor Loads’ n H2020 ETN Project AWESOME ‘Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance’ n One PhD position (Chinese Scholarship Council)

Aeroelastically scaled wind turbine model, equipped with bend-twist coupled blades for passive load alleviation

Design of Wind Turbines WEI works on the development of automated multidisciplinary design software tools, with the goal of enabling the optimization of wind turbines, the effective exploration of the design space, the understanding of design trade-offs, as well as the evaluation of the impact of new technologies. Advancements in lightweight rotor design are being investigated through improvements in the aerodynamics, in the structural design and the use of smart sensing and control strategies. By the combination of these technologies, reduced ultimate and fatigue loads can be achieved and exploited for decreasing weight and improving performance, thereby in turn reducing the cost of energy from wind. A highlight of the year has been the release of a new version of the TUM wind turbine design suite Cp-Max. The new

version of Cp-Max marries together for the first time the preliminary and detailed stages of the design of a wind turbine. Using Cp-Max, engineers can more rapidly and more automatically perform the full design cycle of a new wind turbine, gaining a better understanding of the design space and of the tradeoffs implied by different possible design choices. Projects n Industrial Ph.D. project ‘Design of Very Large Light-Weight Rotors’ n TUM-Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) Ph.D. project ‘Bio-Inspired Wind Turbines for Monsoonal Climates’

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Research Focus n Modeling and simulation of wind energy systems n Multidisciplinary design n Aeroservoelasticity, loads and stability n Control of wind turbines and wind farms n Wind tunnel testing Competence n Multibody dynamics, computational mechanics, non-linear finite element methods n Model reduction and system identification n Design and synthesis of model-based controllers n Design and manufacturing of aeroelastically-scaled and actively controlled wind turbine models for wind tunnel testing n Data processing and analysis Infrastructure n Scaled wind turbine and wind farm models n Model building lab n Computational lab

Courses n Introduction to Wind Energy n Modeling, Control and Design of Wind Energy Systems n Wind Turbine Simulation n Wind Turbine Design n Aeroservoelasticity Management Professor Dr. Carlo L. Bottasso, Director Administrative Staff Elfriede Sabine Matzner Research Scientists Marta Bertelé, M.Sc. Pietro Bortolotti, M.Sc. Stefano Cacciola, Ph.D. Filippo Campagnolo, Ph.D. Mark Capellaro, Dr.-Ing. Jaikumar Loganathan, M.Sc. Wendy Lopens, M.Sc. Emmanouil Nanos, M.Sc. Vlaho Petrović, Dr. Sc. Johannes Schreiber, M.Sc. Jiangang ‘Jesse’ Wang, M.Sc.

Publications 2014-15 Book and Journal Editorship n C.L. Bottasso (Ed.), ‘Special Issue: Wind Turbine Modeling and Simulation’, Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, 10, ASME, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue New York, NY, USA, doi:10.1115/1.4030072, 2015.

Book Chapters n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, A. Croce, C. Tibaldi, ‘Fatigue Damage Mitigation by the Integration of Active and Passive Load Control Techniques on Wind Turbines’, Wind Energy and the Impact of Turbulence on the Conversion Process, M. Hölling, J. Peinke and S. Ivanell, Eds., Springer, ISBN: 9783-642-54695-2 (print), 978-3-642-54696-9 (online), 2014.

Peer-reviewed Journals n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, ‘Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines by a Passive Aeroelastic Device’, Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, accepted, to appear, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, ‘Integrated Aero-Structural Optimization of Wind Turbine Rotors’, Multibody System Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s11044-015-9488-1, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, P. Montinari, ‘Rotorcraft Flight Envelope Protection by Model Predictive Control’, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 60(2): 1-13, doi:10.4050/JAHS.60.022005, 2015.

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n C.L. Bottasso, C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘Validation of a Wind Misalignment Observer using Field Test Data’, Renewable Energy, 74:298-306, doi:10.1016/j. renene.2014.07.048, 2015. n E. Asadi, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Delayed Fusion for Real-Time Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation’, Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, Special Issue on Robot Vision, 10(4):633–646, doi:10.1007/s11554013-0376-8, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, P. Pizzinelli, C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘LiDAR-Enabled Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines with Real-Time Capabilities’, Renewable Energy, 71:442-452, doi:10.1016/j. renene.2014.05.041, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, ‘Model Independent Periodic Stability Analysis of Wind Turbines’, Wind Energy, doi:10.1002/we.1735, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, V. Petrović, ‘Wind Tunnel Testing of Scaled Wind Turbine Models: beyond Aerodynamics’, Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 127:11-28, doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2014.01.009, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, X. Iriarte, ‘Calibration of Wind Turbine Lifting Line Models from Rotor Loads’, Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 124:29-45, doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2013.11.003, 2014.

n C.L. Bottasso, C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘Estimation of Wind Misalignment and Vertical Shear from Blade Loads’, Renewable Energy, 62:293-302, doi:10.1016/j. renene.2013.07.021, 2014. n E. Asadi, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Tightly-Coupled Stereo Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation using FeatureBased Motion Sensors’, Advanced Robotics, Advanced Robotics Best Paper Award 2015, 28:717-729, doi:10.1080/01691864.2013.870496, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, A. Croce, S. Dilli, F. Gualdoni, M.B. Nielsen, ‘Structural Optimization of Wind Turbine Rotor Blades by Multi-Level Sectional/ Multibody/3DFEM Analysis’, Multibody System Dynamics, 32:87–116, doi:10.1007/s110440139394-3, 2014.

Plenary or Keynote Lectures at International Conferences n C.L. Bottasso, ‘Simulation of Wind Energy Systems: Methods, Tools, Validation and Calibration’, Keynote lecture, NAFEMS European Conference – Coupled MBS-FE Applications: from Classical Design to System Engineering, Torino, Italy, October 20-21, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, F. Campagnolo, V. Petrović, J. Schreiber, ‘Wind Farm Control: Strategies and Testing’, Keynote lecture, WindFarms 2015 Large Wind-Power Plants: Interaction, Control and Integration, Leuven, Belgium, July 8-10, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, ‘The Role of Technological Innovation in the Future Growth of Wind Energy’, The Hemke Lecture 2014, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA, September 3, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, ‘Computational Tools for Wind Energy Systems, and their Validation and Calibration’, Plenary lecture, CWE 2014, 6th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, June 8-12, 2014.

International Conferences n P. Bortolotti, L. Sartori, A. Croce, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Multi-MW Wind Turbine CoE Reduction via a MultiDisciplinary Design Process’, EWEA 2015 Annual Event, Paris, France, November 17-20, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, P. Montinari, ‘A New Concept to Mitigate Loads for Wind Turbines Based on a Passive Flap’, 2015 American Control Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, July 1-3, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, L. Sartori, ‘Integrated Aero-Structural Optimization of Wind Turbines’, ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain, June 29 - July 2, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘A Wake Detector for Wind Farm Control’, Wake Conference 2015, Visby, Sweden, June 9-11, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘Detection of Wake Impingement in Support of Wind Plant Control’, NAWEA 2015 Symposium, Blacksburg, VA, USA, June 9-11, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, M. Capellaro, D. Castro, V. Petrović, ‘Rotor Unbalance Detection and Mitigation’, DEWEK 2015, Bremen, Germany, May 19-20, 2015. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, J. Schreiber, ‘Detection of Wake Impingement by Rotor Loads’, DEWEK 2015, Bremen, Germany, May 19-20, 2015. n V. Petrović, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Wind Turbine Envelope Riding’, SciTech 2015, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 33nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, USA, January 5-9, 2015.

n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, L. Sartori, ‘Free-Form Design of Low Induction Rotors’, SciTech 2015, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 33nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, USA, January 5-9, 2015. n P. Bortolotti, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Integrated AeroStructural Optimization of Wind Turbine Rotors’, Proceedings of the 10th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy, Orleans, France, October 28-31, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, V. Petrović, S. Cacciola, ‘Wind Farm Cooperative Control: Methods and Experimental Verification’, Workshop on Cooperative Systems, Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 10-12, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, P. Bortolotti, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, L. Sartori, ‘Aero-Structural Design of Rotors’, 2014 Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop, Albuquerque, NM, USA, August 26-28, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, C.E.D. Riboldi, M. Salvetti, ‘Cyclic Pitch Control for the Reduction of Ultimate Loads on Wind Turbines’, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-20, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, L. Sartori, F. Grasso, ‘Free-form Design of Rotor Blades’, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-20, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, C.E.D. Riboldi, ‘Optimal Shutdown Management’, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-20, 2014. n V. Petrović, C.L. Bottasso, ‘Wind Turbine Optimal Control During Storms’, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-20, 2014. n F. Campagnolo, C.L. Bottasso, P. Bettini, ‘Design, Manufacturing and Characterization of Aero-Elastically Scaled Wind Turbine Blades for Testing Active and Passive Load Alleviation Techniques within an ABL Wind Tunnel’, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-20, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, ‘An Experimental Facility for Wind Farm Control Testing’, Wind Farm Monitoring and Control Conference, London, UK, June 4-5, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, ‘Estimation of Wind Turbine Model Properties – Towards the Validation of Comprehensive High-Fidelity Multibody Models’, EWEA 2014 Annual Event, Barcelona, Spain, March 10-13, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, L. Sartori, F. Grasso, ‘FreeForm Aero-Structural Optimization of Rotor Blades’, poster, EWEA 2014 Annual Event, Barcelona, Spain, March 10-13, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, A. Croce, F. Gualdoni, ‘Simultaneous Structural Sizing of Wind Turbine Rotor and Tower’, poster, EWEA 2014 Annual Event, Barcelona, Spain, March 10-13, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, F. Campagnolo, ‘Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Control Testing in a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel’, SciTech 2014, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Washington, DC, USA, January 13-17, 2014. n C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola, R. Riva, ‘Floquet Stability Analysis of Wind Turbines using InputOutput Models’, SciTech 2014, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, Washington, DC, USA, January 13-17, 2014.

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Institute for Carbon Composites Fundamental research on material behavior, processing technology and simulation of high performance composite materials

n The focus of the Institute for Carbon Composites in 2014-15 was to establish and strengthen its research program within the four research groups. The main goal was to explore new ways and possibilities to reduce the process cycle time and the raw material costs to be able to implement high performance composite structures in high volume applications. Different process technologies using e.g. tailored textiles and advanced matrix systems have been patented. New material models and process simulation methods have been developed and these were implemented in conventional software tools to enable advanced composites part and process design solutions. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler Contact www.lcc.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15092

Process Technology for Fibers and Textiles The Process Technology for Fibers and Textiles group focuses on improving manufacturing technologies that arrange the fibers in their desired orientation within a composite component. The group’s three research teams cover the fields of braiding technology, automated fiber placement and tailored textiles. With highly developed processing equipment, the fibers can be brought into shape in an automated and reproducible way. Fiber Placement Center Many activities in 2015 focused on the setting up of a new Fiber Placement Center at the institute’s laboratory site on the Ludwig Bölkow Campus in Taufkirchen. Three different types of fiber placement machines have been installed there to form a unique machine park. Machine Park Besides a machine for the direct processing of fiber tapes with thermoplastic matrices, an additional machine for the use of thermoset resin tapes has been set up. This machine was moved from Garching to Taufkirchen in summer. In the course of this relocating process it was equipped with an additional linear axis to increase the production space. Both machines are now capable of manufacturing composite parts with a length of up to 5 m. Furthermore, the Institute’s fiber patch placement system will be relocated to Taufkirchen as well. Thus, all these different manufacturing processes can be

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Newly set up automated fiber placement cell in Taufkirchen

usefully combined e.g. to locally reinforce big composite structures. Collaborations The full potential of the Fiber Placement Center for the future development of composite processing technologies will leverage through direct interaction with research and industry partners on the campus. Especially promising are collaborations with the institute’s spin-off companies that are also located in Taufkirchen. These will greatly help to accelerate transferring research results into industrial applications Public Funded Projects n AIF project ‘3D-formbare Nassvliese’ n AIF project ‘FullCycle’ n AIF project ‘Accurat3’ n EU project ‘INSCAPE’ n BMBF project ‘MAIplast’ n BMBF project ‘MAIprofil’ n BMBF project ‘AIRCARBON II’ n BMBF project ‘MAItank’

Process Technology for Matrix Systems The Process Technology for Matrix Systems group addresses the robust and efficient processing of matrix systems for the production of continuous fiber reinforced composite parts. On the one hand, the basic understanding of matrix systems, the characterization of impregnation properties of the fiber material for optimized processing, and process engineering are central for the group. On the other hand, associated issues such as tool technology, surface sealing, and process integration are key activities of the group.

Team Processes and Production Systems – New equipment for energy efficient processing

Hybrid Materials and Structures – First Prize for LCC at the AVK Innovation Award Ceremony

An industrialized microwave oven was installed in the lab of the LCC. The aim is to develop energy-efficient processing of fiber reinforced composites. Direct, volumetric heating and indirect heating with absorber materials is investigated to reach more optimized conditions within the production chain.

The LCC won the AVK innovation award in the category ‘Research and Science’

The aim of the team is to expand the span of applications of composites. One example for this is the EU-funded project MATISSE with the main partners Autoliv, Daimler, Virtual Vehicle, TU Graz, Airborne and TU Munich where a shape adaptive fiberreinforced crash structure was designed and investigated. The AVK Industrievereinigung Verstärkte Kunststoffe e.V. honored the project with their innovation award on 21st of september in Stuttgart in the category ‘Research and Science’.

New industrialized microwave oven at the LCC

Team Tooling Systems – Successful Project Finalization The EU-funded project LeeTorb tested the application of self-heating tools out of CFRP for aerospace RTM processing. The consortium (Fraunhofer ICT-FIL, qpoint composite and TU Munich) was able to convince the industrial partner Airbus Helicopter of the energy efficient tool design with a full-scale tool and demonstrator part of a helicopter rotor blade.

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Public Funded Projects n AIF project ‘HoMehr’ n BMBF project ‘FLAME’ n BMBF project ‘InFo’ n BMBF project ‘MAIplast’ n BMBF project ‘MAIfo’ n BFS project ‘FORCiM3A’ n BFS project ‘TIP’ n EU project ‘Disacop’ n EU project ‘LeeTorb’

Full-scale demonstrator tool for a helicopter rotor blade developed by the project ‘Leetorb’

Simulation developed and validated. The validation consisted of comparing simulation to experimental results.

Braiding process simulation of a generic structure

Forming and Flow Process Simulation This research team works on the simulation of composite manufacturing processes. This comprises the simulation of forming technologies like draping, braiding and automated fiber placement as well as infiltration methods. Last year’s activities focused on the characterization of different materials. The goal of these investigations is to determine material properties and hence, simulation input. Finite element simulation models for draping and braiding processes were also

Out-of-autoclave consolidation - validation of a stochastic approach for initial degree of impregnation modeling

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Compaction, Curing and Consolidation Simulation Research efforts in this team are dedicated to modeling of cure induced effects on the final part’s properties and appearance with a focus on compaction behavior and porosity content, thermal management and process induced deformations. In 2015, implementation and validation has been concluded for modeling the thermal management of large scale resin transfer molded aerospace structures as well as the consolidation of out-of-autoclave prepregs. Magnitude and shape of global deformation modes identified experimentally for a spar structure (featuring a material with engineered vacuum channels and manufactured with a caul) were found to significantly differ from simulated deformations, demanding more detailed process modeling of complex structures. To tackle this issue and gain further insight in the importance of compaction and resin flow related phenomena on the part’s quality, future activities will focus on transferring modeling capabilities from lamina level to arbitrary three-dimensional manufacturing setups.

Material Modeling and Structural Analysis The Material Modeling and Structural Analysis research team focuses on the structural analysis of fiber reinforced plastics as well as mechanical and bonded joints at different length scales. One research focus is the prediction of the constitutive behavior of textile-reinforced composites using unit cells. A framework is proposed predicting the non-linear mechanical response of triaxial braided composites using mesoscopic finite element unit cells. In order to capture the predominant failure modes observed in braided composites, the model comprises a physically based damage model inside the yarns, plasticity in the resin pockets, and delamination at the yarn-matrix interfaces. Another research area consists of the non-linear behavior of angle-ply laminates. A constitutive model for composite laminates is developed with the focus on the distinction between inducing mechanisms. It is shown, that the effect of fiber rotation and damage is essential in consideration of large deformations. To ensure the applicability to structural parts, the numerical model is validated by a large number of

Roadmap and data flow for generating a realistic unit cell model for braided composite materials

various angle-ply tension and off-axis compression tests, fabricated of the same carbon/epoxy IM7-8552 material. Public Funded Projects n DFG project ‘DR 204/5-1, G8’ n STMWIVT project ‘ComBo’ n BMBF project ‘MAIdesign’ n BMBF project ‘transhybrid’ n BMBF project ‘MAIprofil’ n BMBF project ‘MAIform’ n BMBF project ‘MAITAI’ n BMBF project ‘MAIhiras+handle’ n BFS project ‘FORCiM3A’ n EU project ‘LeeTorb’

Material Behavior and Testing

Four-point bending test (left) and double-cantilever-beam (DCB) mode I fracture toughness test (right) performed at static loading.

The Material Behavior and Testing group focuses on the investigation of the material response of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. At the testing laboratories of the LCC a broad spectrum of state-of-the-art test methods and equipment is available, covering thermo-analytical methods,

rheology and microscopy, experimental methods to measure permeability and drapability of UD and textile preforms, as well as static and high strain rate mechanical testing. An important focus of the group is on the area of high strain rate testing, where split Hopkinson bars for compression, tension

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and torsional loading, installed in 2012 and 2013, are used to reach strain rates of up to 1000 s-1. In 2014 and 2015 various aerospace composite materials were investigated under tension and compression loads at impact rates of strain (bird strike scenario). Recently the focus is on the development and testing of high strength tension specimens (e.g. UD glass-fiber composite and fiber-metal laminates) as well as the investigation of the fracture toughness properties of composite materials.

Failure envelope for combined compression-shear loading of 5-harness-satin weave carbon-epoxy at static loading (qs) and high strain rates of 200 s-1 (ir) and 1000 s-1 (hr) [Koerber et al. Int J Solids Struct 54, 2015].

High strain rate UD glass-epoxy tension specimen installed in split-Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB).

Research Focus n Process technology for fibers and textiles n Process technology for matrix systems n Simulation n Material behavior and testing Competence The LCC takes an interdisciplinary approach to research, extending from raw materials through implementation of manufacturing technologies to complete composite components. With specially developed simulation methods, the composite manufacturing process chain can be represented virtually. Infrastructure n Composite technical lab ‘Preforming and Thermoset Injection Technology’ n Composite technical lab ‘Thermoplastic Technology’ n Composite test labor n Computing cluster

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Courses n Materials and Process Technologies for Carbon Composites n Composite Materials and Structureproperty Relationship n Analysis and Design of Composite Structures n Production Technologies for Composite Parts n Process Simulation and Material Modeling of Composites n Carbon and Graphite – High Performance Materials for Key Industries n Supply Chain and Value Creation Composites

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Director Dr. mont. Elisabeth Ladstätter Adjunct Professors Dr.-Ing. Oswin Öttinger Dr.-Ing. Christian Weimer Administrative and Technical Staff Cigdem Filker Diana Zinke Gabriele Uruk Daniel Amrein, B.Sc. Helmut Josef Dick Georg Lerchl Thomas Witteczek Reiner Rauch Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Altmann Luciano Avila Gray, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Paul Bockelmann Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Bruckbauer Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Ebel Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Eberl Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Ehard Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Engelhardt Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Fahr Dipl.-Ing. Petra Fröhlich Thorsten Gröne, MBA Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Hans Dipl.-Des. Benjamin Hansbauer Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Harbers Dipl.-Ing. Mathias Hartmann Rhena Helmus, M.Sc

Dr. techn. Roland Hinterhölzl Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Hörmann Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Horn Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kammerhofer Dipl.-Ing. Kalle Kind Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kollmannsberger Dr. Hannes Körber Theodosia Kourkoutsaki, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Krollmann Peter Kuhn, M.Sc. Christian Lemke, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Roland Lichtinger Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Neven Majic Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Mandel Alexane Margossian, M.Sc. Dipl.-Tech. Math. Natalie Mayer Dipl.-Ing. Reinhold Meier Dipl.-Ing. Felix Michl Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Mierzwa Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Mitwalsky Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Neumayer Jonathan Oelhafen, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Picard Marina Plöckl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Veronika Radlmaier Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Schäfer Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Maximilian Schäfer Dipl.-Ing. David Schultheiß Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Schwingenschlögl Dipl.-Ing. Robin Taubert Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Teufl Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Wehrkamp-Richter Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Weiland Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Wettemann Dipl.-Ing. Swen Zaremba

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Publications 2015 n Altmann, A.; Gesell, P.; Drechsler, K.: Strength prediction of ply waviness in composite materials considering matrix dominated effects. Composite Structures 127, 2015, 51-59 n Altmann, A.; Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Drechsler, K.: A continuum damage model to predict the influence of ply waviness on stiffness and strength in ultra-thick unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastics. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015 n Arnold, M.; Henne, M.; Bender, K.; Drechsler, K.: Polyamide 12 modified with nanoparticles: effect on impact behaviour and on the electrical conductivity of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015 n Fischer, B.; Horn, B.; Bartelt, C.; Blößl, Y.: Method for an Automated Optimization of Fiber Patch Placement Layup Designs. International Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 5 (No. 2), 2015, pp. 37-46 n Hans, T.; Cichosz, J.; Brand, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Finite element simulation of the braiding process for arbitrary mandrel shapes. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015 n Helmus, R.; Centea, T.; Hubert, P.; Hinterholzl, R.: Out-of-autoclave prepreg consolidation: Coupled air evacuation and prepreg impregnation modeling. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015 n Helmus, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Hubert, P.: A Stochastic Approach to Model Material Variation Determining Tow Impregnation in Out-of-Autoclave Prepreg Consolidation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015 n Kourkoutsaki, T.; Comas-Cardona, S.; Binetruy, C.; Upadhyay, R.K.; Hinterhoelzl, R.: The impact of air evacuation on the impregnation time of out-ofautoclave prepregs. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79, 2015, 30-42 n Körber, H.; Xavier, J.; Camanho, P.P.; Essa, Y.E.; Martín de la Escalera, F.: High strain rate behaviour of 5-harness-satin weave fabric carbon-epoxy composite under compression and combined compression-shear loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2015 n Lichtinger, R.; Hörmann, P.; Stelzl, D.; Hinterhölzl, R.: The effects of heat input on adjacent paths during automated fibre placement. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015 n Mandel, Ulrich; Taubert, Robin; Hinterhölzl, Roland: Mechanism based nonlinear constitutive model for composite laminates subjected to large deformations. Composite Structures 132, 2015, 98-108 n Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Hinterhoelzl, R.: Bending characterization of a molten unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis system. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 77, 2015, 154-163 n Neumayer, J.; Kuhn, P.; Körber, H.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Experimental Determination of the Tensile and Shear Behaviour of Adhesives Under Impact Loading. The Journal of Adhesion, 2015, n Oblinger, C.; Lang, H.; Drechsler, K.: CFK/ Metall-Mischbauweisen im Maschinen und Anlagenbau – wichtiger denn je. Umwelt-Technologie und Energie in Bayern, 2015, 26-28 n Radlmaier, V.; Ehard, S.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Thermoplastic Automated Fiber Placement Current Fields of Application and Future Prospects. JEC Composites Magazine (97), 2015, pp. 39-45 n Swery, E. E.; Meier, R.; Lomov, S. V.; Drechsler, K.; Kelly, P.: Predicting permeability based on flow simulations and textile modelling techniques: Comparison with experimental values and verification of FlowTex solver using Ansys CFX. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015

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n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Study of layup influences on the nonlinear behavior of composites by evaluation of ply stiffness reduction. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79, 2015, 63-73 n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Study of layup influences on the nonlinear behavior of composites by evaluation of ply stiffness reduction. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79, 2015, 63-73 n Teufl, D.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Reduction of cure cycle time through microwave curing: a vision for the near future. JEC Composites Magazine (100), 2015, 10-12 n Weiland, J.; Hartmann, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Cure simulation with resistively in-situ heated CFRP molds: implementation and validation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015 n Bockelmann, P.; Drechsler, K.; Chakrabarti, A.: Research on development of Liquid Composite Molding parts: situation & framework. ICoRD’15 – 5th International Conference on Research into Design, 2015 n Brand, M.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of braid set up and roving size to mechanical properties of biaxial carbon fiber braids. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS) 2015, 2015 n Brouzoulis, J.; Fagerström, M.; Främby, J.; Krollmann, J.; Hellström, P.: Modelling of propagating delaminations in textile reinforced duroplast beams by an enriched shell element formulation. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Bruckbauer, P.; Weiland, F.; Beier, U.; Drechsler, K.: Characterization of thermoplastic/thermoset combinations – potential application for joining. SAMPE Europe Conference 15 Amiens, 2015 n Eberl, L.; Kray, N.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Design of Through Thickness Reinforced Composite/Metal Joints – With the Help of Finite Element Analysis and Quasistatic Testing Using Digital Image Correlation. CAMX 2015 – The Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, 2015 n Eberl, L.; Zaremba, S.; Drechlser, K.: Through Thickness Reinforced Composite/Metal Joints – The Impact of the Pinning Technology on The Joint‘s Tensile Strength. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Fahr, P.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Evaluation of an analytical analysis method for interference fit assemblies focusing on thick-walled parts based on experimental data. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Gstrein, G.; Kurzböck, C.; Opelka, J-M.; Krollmann, J.: Simulation and testing of adaptive FRP-substructures for automotive safety. 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), 2015 n Hans, T.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A numerical approach modeling the braiding process for arbitrary mandrel shapes to calculate preform properties. ICCM20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Harbers, T.; Ebel, C.; Drechsler, K.; Endres, A.; Müller, G.: Wetlaid nonwovens made from recycled carbon fiber for automotive applications. SAMPE Baltimore 2015, 2015 n Helmus, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Hubert, P.: A stochastic approach to model void formation during out-ofautoclave prepreg consoldiation. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015

n Horn, B.; Sattler, S.; Ebel, C.; Drechsler, K.: Cutting strategies of long fiber patch preforms for structures with complex fiber architecture. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Höck, B.; Regnet, M.; Fröhlich, A.; Wolff, M.; Ehard, S.; Sause, M.; Kupke, M.; Schullerer, G.: Successful development and monitoring of CRFP manufacturing technologies. 64. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2015, 2015 n Höck, B.; Regnet, M.; Fröhlich, A.; Wolff, M.; Ehard, S.; Sause, M.; Pfister, O.; Schullerer, G.: Successful development and monitoring of CFRP manufacturing technologies. 66th International Astronautical Congress, 2015 n Jürgens, M.; Kurtovic, A.; Mertens, T.; Kolb, M.; Greitemeier, D.; Lang, H.; Hombergsmeier, E.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of surface treatment and design of 3D-reinforcements on delamination resistance & mechanical properties of CFRP/CFRP joints under static & fatigue loading. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Jürgens, M.; Kurtovic, A.; Mertens, T.; Nogueira, A.C.; Lang, H.; Kolb, M.; Strobach, P.; Hombergsmeier, E.; Drechsler, K.: Effect of surface treatment for metallic z-reinforcements on interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP/CFRP joints. SAMPE Baltimore 2015, 2015 n Kammerhofer, P.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Investigation on the mechanical robustness of CFRP molds. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Kind, K.; Drechsler, K.: Method for the production of braided CFRP bicycle rims. SAMPE Europe Conference 15 Amiens, 2015 n Kourkoutsaki, T.; Comas Cardona, S.; Masania, K.; Upadhyay, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A process modeling toolkit developed to address scale-up challenges of Out-of-Autoclave manufacturing. CAMX 2015 – The Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, 2015 n Krollmann, J.; Snajdr, R.; Paz, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Hybrid-matrix approach: How to overcome the conflict of the matrix selection? Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS) 2015, 2015 n Kuhn, P.; Plöckl, M.; Körber, H.: Experimental investigation of the failure envelope of unidirectional carbon-epoxy composite under high strain rate transverse and off-axis tensile loading. 11th International DYMAT Conference, 2015 n Lemke, C.; Wolfahrt, M.; Reppe, M.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Disassembly of fusion-bonded thermoplastic composite structures. Second European Symposium on Aircraft Recycling, 2015 n Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A continuum damage approach for an efficient ultimate failure analysis with layered shell elements. 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites, 2015 n Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Laminate damage model for CFRP structures. ICCST/10 – 10th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, 2015 n Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Avila Gray, L.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Characterisation of tensile properties perpendicular to fibre direction of a unidirectional thermoplastic composite using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis system. ESAFORM 2015 – 18th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, 2015

n Margossian, A.; Hörmann, P.; Zemliana, K.; Avila Gray, L.; Bel, S.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Shear characterisation of unidirectional thermoset pre-impregnated composites using a rheometre. 19èmes Journées Nationales sur les Composites, 2015 n Mayer, N.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Prowe, J.: Structural analysis of composites considering manufacturing constraints. ICCS18 – 18th International Conference on Composite Structures, 2015 n Oelhafen, J.; Fernandez, R.; Niefnecker, D.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Flow front and cure monitoring with fibre optic sensors for thick CFRP laminates. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Plöckl, M.; Kuhn, P.; Körber, H.: Characterization of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-6 thermoplastic composite under longitudinal compression loading at high strain rate. 11th International DYMAT Conference, 2015 n Radlmaier, V.; Erber, A.; Brudzinski, P.-V.; Körber, H.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of different sizing on fracture toughness and flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphthalamide. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Radlmaier, V.; Obermeier, G.; Ehard, S.; Kollmannsberger, A.; Körber, H.; Ladstätter, E.: Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic In-situ Joints. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS) 2015, 2015 n Schäfer, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Comparative Study on Internal and External Release Agents - Evaluation of Process Parameter Variation on Demolding Stresses. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Schäfer, P.; Staden, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Material characterization for determining the consolidation properties of carbon fiber tapes with PA 6 matrix. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015 n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Influence of the stacking sequence on the nonlinear material behvior of composite laminates related to large deformations. ICCST/10 – 10th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, 2015 n Teufl, D.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Adjustment of 2.45 GHz Microwave Absorbing Heating Layers for Tooling Applications. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS) 2015, 2015 n Treffler, R.; Fröschl, J.; Drechsler, K.; Ladstätter, E.: Modelling and simulation of randomly oriented carbon fibre-reinforced composites under thermal load. MPPE 2015 – International Conference on Materials, Processing and Product Engineering 2015, 2015 n Treffler, R.; Fröschl, J.; Ladstätter, E.: Einsatz wirrfaserverstärkter Duroplaste in thermomechanisch belasteten Strukturbauteilen im Fahrzeugbau. 42. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Betriebsfestigkeit, 2015 n Weiland, J.; Hartmann, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Characterization and numerical investigation of an RTM cure process with CFRP molds and independent heat patches. ICCM-20 – 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2015

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Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group Parallel algorithms and high performance computing in computational continuum mechanics

n Research activities of the Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group in 2015 covered a range of topics in computational modeling and algorithm development in the area of multifield phenomena, highly efficient parallel solution methods, model reduction, inverse analysis and uncertainty quantification. Applications focused on mechanical models of the heart and the circulatory system, the mechanobiology of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneursyms and lately on outcome prediction of endoscopic procedures.

Nonlinear Algebraic Multigrid for Multi-Physics Problems Prof. Dr. Michael W. Gee Contact www.mhpc.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.10366

Recent developments in the hardware design of modern supercomputers allow for fine-grained parallelism by accelerating CPU-based computations with GPUs, leading to a disruptive change in software development. Besides a need for finegrained parallel storage management, algorithmic questions and challenges arise. To overcome some drawbacks of classical Newton-Krylov solvers on these new hardware platforms, we develop a nonlinear algebraic multigrid solver for coupled multi-physics problems. It relies on an increased number of residual evaluations, which show perfect parallel scalability on these new machines.

In addition, all multi-physics coupling terms are incorporated in the multigrid coarsening procedure which leads to improved performance especially in the presence of strong interactions.

Image Registration and Inverse Analysis Image registration plays a key role in a broad variety of clinical and industrial applications whenever information is encoded by images. Especially in clinical applications the acquisition of information is highly based on imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) or ultrasound. However, the bijective characteristic of a transformation, i.e. the unique and invertible mapping of material particles, is not captured by the above mentioned clinical imaging techniques. Thus image registration for deformation estimation constitutes an ill-posed inverse problem which is in need of regularization

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strategies. We focus on the application of ‘measurements’ from image registration in material parameter estimation for finite element models. Inverse analysis provides a method to estimate material parameters according to a given reference solution, i.e. ‘measurements’. These measurements can be obtained non-invasively, e.g. by extracting deformation information from medical images.

Numerical Prediction of Stent-Graft Deployment in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a widely used minimally invasive technology to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In this technology, a stent-graft (SG) is inserted via the femoral arteries to exclude the aneurysm sac from the main blood flow. Consequently, a well positioned SG within the AAA removes blood pressure from the wall of the aneurysm sac and AAA rupture is prevented. Most SGs are composed of a wire mesh (stent) consisting of nitinol which is sewed on a polymeric fabric (graft). We aim at developing a predictive tool for the selection and sizing process of SGs depending on the patient-specific AAA geometry and hence

reduce the risk of potential complications after EVAR (e.g. endoleaks and SG migration). Such a predictive, numerical tool based on finite element analysis requires the combination of various complex simulation components, such as contact mechanics between AAA and SG, mechanobiology of AAA, morphing strategies for the positioning of the SG and material modeling of nitinol as shape memory alloy. Furthermore, meaningful long-term studies are only possible if remodeling of the arterial wall due to the additional interaction between SG and AAA is considered.

Functional Modeling of the Heart and an Extravascular Assist Device (VAD) Due to decreasing number of transplantable hearts and deficiencies in current heart assist device technologies, novel concepts of extravascular heart assistance are developed in close collaboration between AdjuCor GmbH and MHPC. The collaboration aims at minimizing vulnerable impact to the heart and optimizing design and functionality of a novel device by use of computational models. Therefore, a strongly coupled 3D-0D finite element model of the heart and the vascular system is developed, which – after calibration to patient-specific data – is able to predict key features of cardiac behavior in terms of physiologically meaningful pressure-volume relations. Furthermore, a realistic forward model of the interplay between heart and device is developed and integrated into an optimization algorithm, finding optimal device operating conditions for ideal patientspecific treatment.

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A Multiscale Model of Atherosclerosis

A multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to the mechanobiology of atherosclerosis is taken that is based on computational techniques and experimental calibration and verification as well as in- and ex-vivo molecular imaging. The biological processes involved take place at the (sub)cellular length scale and will be assessed experimentally by histology by our project partners from Klinikum rechts der Isar. Based on the imaged 3D geometries, macroscopic computational fluid-solid interaction models with transport, diffusion and interaction of

species and cells supply an understanding of the local mechanical conditions which can then be correlated to the biological findings. A computational mesoscopic biological model will be implemented which will be coupled to the macroscopic continuum representation of the region of interest in a multiscale in time and space framework. Imaging of several stenoses in mice as well as carefully designed in vitro experiments are applied to test the hypotheses of the model, calibrate its behavior and evaluate its predictive capabilities.

Multi Objective/Field Optimization of an Extravascular Assist Device (VAD) Faster rescue chains and especially improved clinical diagnostics and therapies have reduced the number of lethal heart infarcts. More patients survive but suffer from a resulting heart insufficiency. At the same time, heart transplantations are limited to the amount of donor organs, which has been declining during the past decade. A promising technology are efficient cardiac assist devices. However, the wide range of patient individual requirements makes it challenging to design an appropriate device. Together with AdjuCor GmbH, we develop a 0D model of the driving unit of a novel VAD and couple it to a 3D patient-specific heart model. This allows us to iteratively optimize device and implant in order to meet the individual patient needs.

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Research Focus n High performance parallel computing and efficient algorithms n Parallel algorithms and scalable software n Inverse problems n Numerical models in vascular biomechanics and mechanobiology

Courses n Engineering Mechanics 1 (Bachelor MSE) n Engineering Mechanics 2 (Bachelor MSE) n Structural Mechanics Modeling (Bachelor Maschinen­wesen) n Advanced Parallel Computing and Solvers in Engineering (Master Maschinen­wesen)

Competence n Computational continuum mechanics n Design and realization of parallel software n Coupled multifield problems n Algebraic multigrid methods n Biomechanics and mechanobiology n Soft image registration and inverse problems

Management Prof. Dr. Michael W. Gee

Infrastructure n Linux-based mid-size HPC system

Administrative Staff Cornelia Kirsten Research Scientists Marina Bassilious, M.Sc. Andre Hemmler, M.Sc. (Hons) Dipl.-Ing. Marc Hirschvogel Dipl.-Phys. Lasse Jagschies Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Kehl Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Mayr Moritz Thon, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Robert Wohlfarth

Publications 2014-15 Peer-Reviewed n Biehler, J., Gee, M.W., Wall, W.A. (2015): Towards Efficient Uncertainty Quantification in Complex and Large Scale Biomechanical Problems based on a Bayesian Multi Fidelity Scheme, Biomechanics & Modeling in Mechanobiology, 14, 489-513. n Mayr, M., Klöppel, T., Wall, W.A., Gee, M.W. (2015): A Temporal Consistent Monolithic Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach Enabling Single Field Predictors, SIAM J. Scientific Computing, 37, B30-B59. n Tanios, F., Gee, M.W., Pelisek, J., Kehl, S., Biehler, J., Grabher-Meier, V., Wall, W.A., Eckstein, H.-H., Reeps, C. (2015): Interaction of Biomechanics with Extracellular Matrix Components in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall, Eruop. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg., 50, 167-174. n Reeps, C., Kehl, S., Tanios, F., Biehler, J., Pelisek, J., Wall, W.A., Eckstein, H.-H., Gee, M.W. (2014): Biomechanics and gene expression in abdominal aortic aneurysm, J. Vasc. Surg., 60, 1640-1647.

Non-Peer Reviewed n Wiesner, T., Gee, M.W., Prokopenko, A., Hu, J. (2014): The MueLu Tutorial, Technical report SAND2014-18624R. n Mayr, M., Gee, M.W. (2015): Monolithic Solvers for Incompressible Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems, CCR Seminar, Computational Science Research Institute, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA. n Gee, M.W., Hirschvogel, M., Wildhirt, S. (2015) Patient Specific Cardiac Dynamics and Predictive Modeling for Cardiac Assist Device Engineering, Proceedings of USNCCM 2015, San Diego.

n Jagschies, L., Hischvogel, M., Wildhirt, S., Gee, M.W. (2015): A computational model for the investigation of a novel extravascular cardiac assist device, Proceedings of 3rd ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference & 6th GACM Colloquium on Computational Mechanics 2015, Aachen. n Mayr, M., Wall, W.A., Gee, M.W. (2015): An adaptive time-stepping procedure for monolithic fluidstructure interaction solvers, Proceedings of 3rd ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference & 6th GACM Colloquium on Computational Mechanics 2015, Aachen. n Kehl, S., Gee, M.W. (2015) Identification of Material Parameters of Soft Tissue: Towards Inverse Analysis Based on Surface Similarity, Proc. Of CMBE 2015, Paris n Gee, M.W., Hirschvogel, M., Bassilious, M., Wildhirt, S. (2015) A Closed Loop Model of Patient Specific Cardiac Mechanics, Proc. of CMBE 2015, Paris. n Thon, M.P., Gee, M.W. (2015): A fluid-structurescalar-scalar interaction model with application to early atherosclerosis progression, Proc. of COUPLED 2015, Venice. n Hirschvogel, M.; Basilious, M.; Jagschies, L.; Wildhirt, S.M.; Gee, M.W. (2015) Towards reliability in patient-specific cardiac dynamics simulation and predictive modeling for cardiac assist device engineering, LACM 2015, 2nd International Workshop on Latest Advances in Cardiac Modeling, Munich, Mar. 12-13, 2015

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Institute of Non-destructive Testing Quality control, non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring

n The focus of the Institute of Non­destructive Testing in the field of mechanical engineering in 2014­-15 was to establish NDT methods for the inspection of fiber reinforced materials (CFRP and GFRP) together with partners in the automotive and aeronautic industry. Further research is conducted in the field of wind energy: structural-health-monitoring of tower and basement and non-destructive testing of rotor blades. In civil engineering, the focus was on inspection techniques for constructions Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian U. Große

of the infrastructure, the development of self-healing techniques for concrete and for the detection of vertical cracks in concrete pavements of highways (solving the blow-up problem).

Project: MAI ZfP

Contact www.zfp.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.27221

The leading edge cluster, MAI Carbon provides the unique opportunity to promote non-destructive testing of fiber-reinforced polymers on a large scale and to establish them in an industrial environment. Within the aerospace context, non-destructive testing has already been used successfully for years. However, its usage on fiber-reinforced polymers in automobile manufacturing and engineering is still

Using phased array technology on a carbon composite front hood. Photo: Werner Bachmeier, TUM

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in the early stages. At the same time, requirements vary widely within the industrial sectors and therefore require new approaches to testing. Quantities, which the aerospace industry produces in a year, may be produced daily in automobile manufacturing. The objective of the MAI ZfP project is to investigate which testing methods are applicable in this context. For this, a round robin test is conducted with several industrial partners. Technical aspects as well as economic factors influence the assessment. Results of the round robin test will be presented at the World Conference of Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT) in 2016 in Munich. The overall goal is cost reduction in component production in order to increase the competitiveness of German companies. Numerous NDT techniques are applied during the project including ultrasound in reflection (phased-array), optical lock-in thermography, modal analysis and local acoustic resonance spectroscopy. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology.

Project: Concrete Pavement Scanner Aging infrastructure is a major topic of interest that also applies to road networks. For targeted maintenance and repair measures NDT tools to characterize the current state of structural elements are highly desirable. Concrete pavements approaching the end of their service life can suffer from damage not visible on the surface but potentially affecting safety and serviceability. Such damage includes horizontal cracks or delaminations within the pavement structure due to heat induced stress or detrimental chemical influences for example. Although several non-destructive testing methods can be applied to concrete pavements most of the conventional techniques like ultrasonics or ground penetrating radar have drawbacks in imaging the above mentioned defects. On the other hand, testing methods based on the propagation of elastic waves have high sensitivity to flaws like delaminations and have potential to be applied to concrete pavements in an automated manner. This project focuses on developing an acoustic scanning method to image relevant damage inside concrete pavements.

3D sketch and implementation of an acoustic scanner prototype

The approach aims to develop a new acquisition strategy for the so called impact-echo method. Primary goals are the development of sensing systems based on microphone arrays specifically tailored to the demands of concrete pavement testing. Further, acquisition strategies and hardware aspects for testing entire road sections will be examined. The project is financed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) under the authority of the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI).

Project: MISTRALWind Within the next few years, many established wind turbines are going to reach the end of their designed service life, which is 20 years. Maintaining and operating structural parts of wind turbines beyond their nominal service-life makes sense from an economical and technical point of view. To reach this aim, a concept for inspection and monitoring of structural parts of wind turbines is developed in cooperation with IABG, Siemens, Max Bögl Wind AG as well as the Chair of Structural Analysis and the Chair of Materials Science and Testing of the Technical University of Munich. The workpackages of the Institute of Non-destructive Testing

are focused on instrumented monitoring of the tower and support structure of existing and new onshore wind turbines. Furthermore non-destructive testing methods will be identified which allow an assessment of the actual state and by that enable an extended service life. With the aid of the acquired data, maintenance and servicing costs shall be optimized. Beyond that evaluated data will be employed as a basis for an extension of the service life of wind turbines and for the development of a control strategy that considers the remaining service life. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi).

Wind turbine

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Project: HEALCON Since 2013 the project HEALCON – Selfhealing materials for prolonged lifetime – is sponsored by the European Commission

Self-healed crack in a concrete beam with PU-based polymers after a 3P-bending test

Research Focus n Material testing using non-destructive techniques in mechanical and civil engineering, automotive, aeronautics, bio engineering n Development and improvement of NDT techniques n Structural health monitoring n Sensor characterization and sensor combinations Competence n Inspection techniques: ultrasound, RADAR, infrared thermography, micro waves, eddy current; video endoscopy, radiography, high speed camera n Monitoring techniques: acousticemission, vibration techniques (laser vibrometry), modal analysis, wired and wireless monitoring n Simulation of non-destructive testing methods

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in the seventh framework program. The aim is the development of structures made of self-healing concrete having an inherent healing mechanism that becomes active when a crack appears, thus rendering manual crack repair completely obsolete. In order to obtain such automatic crack closure, HEALCON European project partners are investigating the use of PU-based polymer precursors, superabsorbent polymers and bacteria. The role of the Institute of Non-destructive Testing is the support of the design of such healing agents as well as the development of testing methods as tools for the stakeholders to prove the self-healing efficiency. Experimental results of small-scale tests confirm the capability of selected NDT methods to characterize material properties plus the healing process and its efficiency.

Infrastructure n NDT laboratory with contemporary NDT Equipment, sensors and cameras n Calibration facilities, modeling tools n 14 different mechanical testing machines, microscopes Courses n Material Science II (Munich School of Engineering) n Non-destructive Testing in Civil Engineering n Applications in Non-destructive Testing in Mechanical Engineering n NDT Seminar

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Christian Große, Director Sonja Hafenmayer, Secretary Research Scientists Max Botz, M.Sc. Julia Frisch, M.Sc., external Dipl.-Ing. Peter Föhr Christian Geiss, M.Sc., external Jan-Carl Grager, M.Sc., external Dipl.-Geophys. Robin Groschup Sebastian Heckner, M.Sc., external Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Jatzlau

Denis Kiefel, M.Sc., external Michael Mosch, M.Sc., external Fabian Malm, M.Sc. Dr. rer. nat. Katja Pinkert Dipl.-Phys. Martin Radlmeier, external Manuel Raith, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Wondra, external Technical Staff Franziska Gemander Sebastian Münchmeyer Marina Nahm

Publications 2014-15 n Kocur, G.K.; Saenger, E. H.; Grosse, C. U.; Vogel, T.: Time reverse modeling of acoustic emissions in a reinforced concrete beam. Ultrasonics (2016), Volume 65, pp. 96-104. n Groschup, R.; Grosse, C. U.: Enhancing AirCoupled Impact-Echo with Microphone Arrays. International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), Berlin, 2015. n Grosse, C. U.: Concepts for the integration of NDT courses into the academic curriculum of universities. International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), Berlin, 2015. n Richter, R.; Juknat, M.; Dehn, F.; Große, C. U.: Überwachung der zeitabhängigen Entwicklung des Abplatzverhaltens von Beton unter Brandeinwirkung. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau (2015), Volume 110. n Hornfeck, C.; Geiss, C.; Rücker, M.; Grosse, C. U.: Comparative Study of State of the Art Nondestructive Testing Methods with the Local Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy to Detect Damages in GFRP. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation (2015), Volume 34, Number 2, pp. 1-14. n Prade, F.; Chabior, M.; Malm, F.; Grosse, C. U.; Pfeiffer, F.: Observing the setting and hardening of cementitious materials by X-ray dark-field radiography. Cement and Concrete Research (2015), Volume 74, pp. 19-25. n Groschup, R.; Große, C. U.: MEMS Microphone Array Sensor for Air-Coupled Impact-Echo, Sensors (2015), Volume 15, Issue 7, pp. 14932-14945. n Richter, R.; Grosse, C. U.: Tunnel fires: preventing explosive spalling of concrete. Concrete volume 49, Issue 06, July 2015.

n Gruyaert, E.; Feiteira, J.; Malm, F.; Tziviloglou, E.; Schlangen, E.; Grosse, C. U.; De Belie, N.: Non-destructive testing techniques to evaluate the healing efficiency of self-healing concrete at lab-scale. 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Non-destructive Testing, Brussels, Belgium, 2015. n Malm, F.; Grosse, C. U.: Proof of efficiency: Examination of concrete beams with self-healing properties by non-destructive testing methods. Fifth International Conference on Self-Healing Materials (ICSHM2015), Durham, NC (U.S.A.), 2015. n Andreisek, G.; Grosse, C. U.; Seeber, B.U.: Attribute zur Beschreibung akustischer Unterschiede von Fehlstellen an Rotorblättern von Windenergieanlagen. Fortschritte der Akustik – DAGA,15, 2015, pp. 513-515. n Flohr, K.; Malm, F.; Grosse, C. U.: Schallemissionsanalyse zur Untersuchung der Effizienz von Selbstheilungsmechanismen in Beton. 20. Kolloquium Schallemission, Juni 2015, Garmisch-Partenkirchen. n Lotz, S.; Jatzlau, P.; Grosse, C. U.: Wärmeflussthermographie an Radfahrerbekleidung. DGZfPBerichtsband BB 154, Thermographie-Kolloquium Oktober 2015, Leinfelden-Echterdingen. n Lotz, S.; Fiebiger, J.; Jatzlau, P.; Grosse, C. U.: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Lock-In-Thermografie zur Prüfung von Faserverbund-Integralholmen von Flugzeugtragflächen. DGZfP-Berichtsband BB 154, Thermographie-Kolloquium Oktober 2015, Leinfelden-Echterdingen.

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Institute for Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics Basic and applied research in logistics engineering

n The Institute for Materials Handling, Material Flow and Logistics perceives itself as an open research institution aiming to contribute to the scientific progress in the areas of material flow technology and logistics engineering.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Contact www.fml.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15921

Worker refueling a fuel cell-powered forklift at a dispenser near the assembly line

Taking into account current economic, ecological, social and technological developments such as continuing volatility of the markets, changing demography

and technological innovations, the focus of the institute in 2015 was on designing adaptive/flexible, sustainable and human-oriented/humane logistics systems and technology. One highlight was the testing of fuel cell-powered forklifts and tugger trains in industrial practice. That way, a reduction of global warming potential could be achieved while the trucks’ availability was increased at the same time by the shorter time needed for refueling. Thus, an economical application of fuel cell-powered industrial trucks is already achievable today with 2- or 3-shift operation and where costs for labor and area are high.

Innovative Conveyor Technology High throughput, low energy consumption, high flexibility and ergonomic design are fundamental requirements for up-to-date conveyor technology. Being part of a multinational, interdisciplinary research consortium, the Institute fml aimed to develop a new wood chip feeding system in the project ‘BioChipFeeding – Wood chip feeding technology of the future for small-scale biomass boilers’. This technology provides a more efficient combustion of the fuel in small- and medium-scale heating plants. Therefore, an automatically controlled gripper system was equipped with various measurement equipment, including a 3D camera system and a moisture sensor. The system is able to identify and reach for different fuel qualities, depending on the operating condition of the heating system. Blending different wood chip qualities according to a specifically developed algorithm significantly reduced pollutant emission and contributed to higher efficiency of the overall heating plant.

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Discrete element model of the wood chip feeding system

Projects n Das Staplerauge (AIF) bis 2014 n Einsatz der Augmented-RealityTechnologie zur Unterstützung des Fahrers von Flurförderzeugen (AIF) n Hochgeschwindigkeitsfördersystem für Großladungsträger (AIF-ZIM) n BioChipFeeding n aComA – Automatische Codegenerierung für modular aufgebaute Anlagen der Intralogistik n iSiKon – Gesteigerte Flexibilität in heterogen aufgebauten Materialflusssystemen

Sustainable Logistics Systems Sustainability is one of the biggest future challenges forced by environmental, economic and social developments; it is ranked among the so-called megatrends. This applies also to the field of logistics. Above all in the stages of planning and running a logistical system, aspects of sustainability, i.e. the equipment’s energy consumption, have to be considered. For this reason we develop models for predicting the energy consumption of various means of conveyance. Furthermore upcoming concepts are evaluated regarding their characteristics in terms of sustainability. Beside the investigation of fuel cell driven ground conveyors, the analysis of high bay warehouses built of wood is another example. The research project ‘Wirtschaftliche und ökologische Potenziale von Hochregallagern aus Holz’ aims to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of high bay racking systems made of wood in comparison to traditional constructions made of steel. Therefore ecobalances and life cycle costs are calculated to investigate the ecological sustainability and cost effectiveness. Furthermore, new rack structures are developed and optimized to

Construction site of a high bay racking system made of wood (Source: Alnatura)

improve the overall application of wooden high bay racking systems. Projects n Wirtschaftliche und ökologische Potenziale von Hochregallagern aus Holz (AIF) n Das CO-neutrale Logistikzentrum: Entwicklung von ganzheitlichen Handlungsempfehlungen für energieeffiziente Logistikzentren (AIF) n Erweiterte Logistiksystemplanung unter Einbeziehung des Energieverbrauchs (AIF) n H2IntraDrive – Einsatz von wasserstoffbetriebenen Flurförderzeugen in der Intralogistik unter Produktionsbedingungen (NOW)

Planning and Control of Material Flow Systems Material flow systems are more and more complex due to the necessity of high flexibility, fast modification and extension of the systems according to changing customer/user needs. In conventional material flow systems, these modifications may result in long periods of unproductive reconstruction and reprogramming. The main objective of the research project IntegRoute is to avoid this by improving the initial planning of in-plant milk-run systems. To achieve this objective, an approach for the integrated planning of the technology, process and control concept of milk-run systems is developed. Furthermore, the approach will allow a holistic assessment of planning alternatives concerning e.g. investments, operating cost, space requirements, ergonomics

Tugger trains supplying material on an assembly line (Source: BMW/Souled Company)

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and flexibility. Based on extensive process analyses an MTM-based (methods time measurement) model for calculating the cycle time of milk-run systems was developed. The model takes the interconnections between milk-run technology and process workflow into account and will be integrated in the holistic approach for the initial planning of in-plant milk-run systems. Projects n IntegRoute – Ganzheitliche Konzeptauswahl für Routenzugsysteme zur Produktionsversorgung – Integrierte Bewertung von Prozess und Technik (AIF) n Entwicklung einer agentenbasierten Methodik zur Terminplanoptimierung im Bauwesen unter Berücksichtigung

ressourcenabhängiger Prozesslängen (DFG) n FAUST – Fertigungssynchrone Ablaufsimulation von Unikatbaustellen im Spezialtiefbau (BFS) n Optimierung von Entladestrategien bei der Schüttgut-Schiffsentladung (AIF) n Kennzahlensystem Materialflusseffizienz in der Automobillogistik (VW) n Flexibilitätssteuerung der InboundLogistik im volatilen Umfeld der Nutzfahrzeugindustrie (MAN.TUM) n Routenzüge im Kontext hoher Sachnummernschwankungen (BMW) n OptiMAL – Optimale Planung manueller Lagersysteme (AIF) n Flexible Shuttles für eine filialgerechte Kommissionierung von Lebensmitteln (ZIM)

Industry 4.0 The increasing demand for highly customizable products presents new challenges to production and material handling systems that have to deal with a larger number of product variants. To respond to the challenge of the constantly rising complexity of today’s systems, the launch of the Industry 4.0 aims at the deployment of autonomous cyber physical systems (CPS). These systems enable the efficient management of complexity, while maintaining their flexibility and adaptability to a fast changing production environment. One research project, namely ‘ToolCloud – Unternehmensübergreifendes Lebenszyklusmanagement für Werkzeuge in der Cloud mittels eindeutiger Kennzeichnung und Identifikation’ aims for the development of a cloud-based tool management system for automated machine configuration and extensive tracking and tracing. A data model as well as an IT-architecture were designed therefore to enable automated communication and data collection along the tool’s supply chain.

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Tool magazine equipped with several tools for woodworking (Source: LEUCO)

Projects n ToolCloud – Unternehmensübergreifendes Lebenszyklusmanagement für Werkzeuge in der Cloud mittels eindeutiger Kennzeichnung und Identifikation (BMBF) n KoDeMat – Befähigung von KMU zur kollaborativen Planung und Entwicklung heterogener, dezentral gesteuerter Materialflusssysteme (AIF) n IntelliREAD – Mehrdimensionale Lokalisierung von Gütern mittels eines INTELLIgenten READers (DFG)

n Pick-by-Local-Light – Einsatz von Drahtlossensornetzen in der Kommissionierung (AIF) n RFID MobiVis – Mobile RFID-Lesefelderfassung (AIF) n aComA – Automatische Codegenerierung für modular aufgebaute Anlagen der Intralogistik n iSiKon – Gesteigerte Flexibilität in heterogen aufgebauten Materialflusssystemen

Humans in Logistics Demographic changes and fluctuation of employees lead to new challenges in the design of logistics workplaces. Workflows must be fail-proof, motivating and efficient while at the same time employees’ physical and mental stress must be reduced. Research topics at the Institute fml on the one hand focus on the assessment of physical load at logistics workplaces using different approaches, and on their ergonomic design. In a second line of research, namely in the joint research project ‘GameLog – Gamification in der Intralogistik’ with the Chair of Education and Educational Psychology of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, a totally new approach to foster logistic staff’s motivation in logistics workplaces is investigated: gamification. Game elements and mechanics, e.g. avatars, badges and high-score lists are integrated into order-picking processes. Laboratory studies show a significant increase in employees’ motivation and at the same time a reduction in picking errors and picking time. In the next years, this promising concept will also be tested in industrial applications and possibly integrated into commercial warehouse management systems.

Employee picking an order supported by a game application

Projects n Ergo-Jobrotation – Planungsmethodik für eine ergonomisch optimale Jobrotation in der Intralogistik (AIF) n Erweiterung System vorbestimmter Zeiten zur Bewertung der Arbeitsbelastung in der Intralogistik (MAN.TUM) n GameLog – Gamification in der Intralogistik (AIF) n Work by Inclusion – Entwicklung von visuellen Arbeitsmitteln für in Lagerprozessen tätige Gehörlose (BMAS)

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Crane Engineering and Design of Load-supporting Structures Research in the fields of crane engineering and design of load-supporting structures has a long tradition at the Institute fml. One important topic of research is the development of new calculation methods for mobile cranes. These cranes are tall, slender structures with acute-angled suspensions. They show a strong nonlinear behavior near their load limits. In industrial practice the analysis of these cranes uses the quasi-static approach as specified in EN 13001, EN 13000 and FEM 5.004 respectively. The investigation of the cranes’ dynamic behavior by dynamic finite element calculations partly showed large deviations from the quasi-static calculations according to the relevant standards. The slewing process revealed the biggest differences, followed by hoisting and luffing. In order to avoid time-consuming dynamic finite element calculations and to overcome the lacks of the quasi-static approach according to the standards, efficient oscillation models are developed. They enable the generation of quasi-static loads, which represent the maximum dynamic stresses with a very high accuracy. Further research activities are concerned with the integration of the

Research Focus n Innovative conveyor technology n Sustainable logistics systems n Planning and control of material flow systems n Industry 4.0 n Humans in logistics n Crane engineering and design of load-supporting structures Competence n Logistics planning n RFID systems n Virtual and augmented reality n Real time location systems n FEM and MKS n Simulation of logistics systems 114

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Finite element model of a lattice boom crawler crane

crane drives into the dynamic models. These developments are expected to increase the accuracy of the calculation significantly. Projects n Systematischer Vergleich der dynamischen Beanspruchungen von Gittermast-Fahrzeugkranen mit den Ergebnissen der quasistatischen Auslegung nach DIN EN 13001 (DFG) n KALOS – Integral-Hebesystem zur kranlosen Errichtung und Wartungsabsenkung einer Windenergieanlage (BMU)

Infrastructure n Augmented reality picking zone n Automatic small parts storage system n Electric monorail n Industrial robot n Kardex shuttle XP 700 n Mechanic workshop n RFID testing equipment n Testing facility for high-performance screw conveyors n Virtual reality laboratory

Courses n CAD and Machine Drawing I+II n Materials Handling and Material Flow Technology n Planning of Technical Logistics Systems n Machine System Technology n Material Flow and Logistics n Logistics in the Automotive Industry n Ropeway Technology n Development Process for Mobile Machine Tools n Conveying of Bulk Goods Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Kessler Dr.-Ing. Michael Kleeberger Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Habenicht Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Eva Klenk Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Röschinger Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Staab Adjunct Professors Prof. Nikolaus Bauer Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Erich Kirschneck Administrative Staff Claudia Common Brigitte Stephani Tobias Hemmauer Susanne Höcht, B.Eng.

Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Amberger Bigontina Sonja, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Marco Dewitz Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Martin Dörnhöfer Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Ertl Dipl.-Ing. Susann Ertl Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Julia Freis Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Frenz Lingchong Gao, M.Sc. Nicole Hietschold, M.Sc. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Steffi Hoppenheit Dipl.-Inf. Matthias Jung Dipl.-Ing. Amadeusz Kargul Dipl.-Ing. Orthodoxos Kipouridis Michael Kelterborn, M.Sc. Christopher Keuntje, M.Sc. Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Markus Klevers Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Myriam Koch Armin Lang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Lechner Christian Lieberoth-Leden, M.Sc. Thomas Lienert, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Ludwig Dipl.-Kffr. Corinna Maas, M.Sc. Robert Micheli, M.Sc. Benjamin Molter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Seungyong Oh Michael Rackl, M.Sc. Friederike Rechl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Markus Spindler Dipl.-Ing. Matthias vom Stein Dr.-Ing. Rui Wang Yuan Tan, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Florian Wenzler Yipeng Zhang, M.Sc. Technical Staff Alfred Sachs Werner Ottl Johannes Bauer Andreas Busch Michael Knecht Niklas Leitermann Mario Nodes Martin Soyer

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Publications 2015 n Klenk, E.; Galka, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Potenziale einer flexiblen Routenzugsteuerung – Strategien zum besseren Umgang mit schwankenden Transportbedarfen, ZWF – Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 110 (2015), 12, pp. 805-809 n Fischer, G.: Einflussfaktoren auf die Exposition von Flurförderzeugfahrern gegenüber Ganzkörper-­ Vibrationen, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-59-2 n Conze, M.; Meißner, S.; Günthner, W.: Effiziente Steuerung dynamischer Milkruns auf Basis einer stabilen Auftragsperlenkette, In: Schwede, C.; Toth, M., Produktionsprogrammplanung in der Automobilindustrie, Verlag Praxiswissen, Dortmund, 2015, p. 103, ISBN 978-3-86975-106-1 n Dörnhöfer, M.; Günthner, W. A.: Kennzahlensysteme für die schlanke Logistik, ZWF – Zeischrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 110 (2015), 11, pp. 710-713, ISSN 0947-0085 n Kargul, A.; Bügler, M.; Borrmann, A.; Günthner, W.: Web based field data analysis and data-driven simulation application for construction performance prediction, Journal of Information Technology in Construction, ITcon Vol. 20 (2015), pp. 479-494, ISSN 1874-4753 n Günther, W. A.; Micheli, R.: H2IntraDrive – Einsatz einer wasserstoffbetriebenen Flurförderzeugflotte unter Produktionsbedingungen, BMVI Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl fml, 2015, ISBN 978-3-94170258-5 n Lienert, T.; Günthner, W.A.: Vom Ziel zum Start geroutet. Forschungsprojekt zur systematischen Betrachtung von Shuttle-Systemen, Hebezeuge Fördermittel, 55 (2015), 10, pp. 502-504 n Micheli, R.; Günthner, W.A.: Wasserstoff im Fokus: Sind Brennstoffzellensysteme bei Stapler & Co. eine Alternative zu Blei-Säure-Batterien?, Logistik Heute, Oktober-Ausgabe (2015), p. 48, ISSN 0173-6213 n Micheli, R.; Günthner, W.A.: Batteriewechsel vs. Wasserstoffbetankung bei Flurförderzeugen, Flurförderzeuge 2015/2016 (2015), p. 28, ISSN 0017-9442 n Micheli, R.; Hanke, M.; Günthner, W.A.: H2IntraDrive – Einsatz einer wasserstoffbetriebenen Flurförderzeugflotte unter Produktionsbedingungen: Herausforderungen und Nachhaltigkeit, In: VDI Wissensforum GmbH, VDI-Bericht 2248, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, 2015, p. 31, ISBN 978-3-18092248-5 n Kargul, A., Rehberger, S., Chuyev, S., Günthner, W.A., Vogel-Heuser, B.: Model-in-the loop simulation towards a smart fleet management system, In: Beetz, J. Berlo van, L., Hartmann, T., Amor, R., Proceedings of the CIB W78 Conference, Eindhoven, 2015, pp. 393-400 n Günthner, W. A.; Freis, J.: Konsumgüter fressen zu viel Energie, Lebensmittel Zeitung, Schwerpunkt Logistik, 2015 (2015), 43, pp. 47-48, ISSN 09477527 n Günthner, W. A.; Freis, J.; Hausladen, G.; Vohlidka, P.: CO2-neutrale Logistikzentren in Theorie und Praxis, Der Facility Manager, 22 (2015), 10, pp. 48-53, ISSN 0947-0026 n Wenzler, F.; Günthner, W.A.: Ressourcenbeschränkte Terminplanung mit einem System kollaborativer Agenten, In: Rabe, M.; Clausen, U., Simulation in Prodution and Logistics 2015, Fraunhofer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2015, pp. 721-730, ISBN 978-3-83960936-1 n Jung M, Günthner W.A.: An accurate and efficient

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camer-based indoor positioning approach for intralogistic environments, In: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, XXI International Conference of Material Handling, Construction an Logistics, Belgrade, Serbia, 2015, pp. 133-138, ISBN 9788670838635 n Ortner-Pichler, A.; Rackl, M.; Landschützer, C.; Kessler, S.; Jodin, D.; Günthner, W.A.: Biomasslogistik – innovative Ansätze zur bedarfsorientierten Versorgung von Hackgutfeuerungen, In: Institut für Logistik und Materialflusstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 20. Fachtagung Schüttgutfördertechnik 2015, 2015, pp. 211-225, ISBN 978-3-930385-89-8 n Staab, T.; Röschinger, M.; Dewitz, M.; Günthner, W.A.: Modelling and Simulating the Assembly Line Supply by Tugger Trains, In: Bruzzone, A. G.; Fadda, P.; Fancello, G.; Piera, M. A., The 8th international Workshop on applied Modeling & Simulation, Rende, 2015, pp. 22-31, ISBN 978-88-97999-17-1 n Micheli, R.; Mörike, C.; Günther, W.A.: Onlineumfrage zum Thema wasserstoffbetriebene Flurförderzeuge, Powerpoint-Folien, Lehrstuhl fml, 2015 n Günthner, W.A.; Mandl, H.; Klevers, M.; Sailer, M.: GameLog – Gamification in der Intralogistik, AIF Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl für Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik, München, 2015, ISBN 978-3941702-57-8 n Klevers, M.; Sailer, M., Günthner, W.A.: Implementation model for the gamification of business processes, Proceeding of the 46th ISAGA Conference (Title subject to change), 2015 n Günther, W.A.; Micheli, R.: Leitfaden für den Einsatz von wasserstoffbetriebenen Flurförderzeugen, Leitfaden, Lehrstuhl fml, München, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-55-4 n Ludwig, C.; Glaser, P.; Günthner, W.A.; Winter, S.: Potenziale von Hochregallagern aus Holz, Revue Technique Luxembourgeoise (2015) n Ludwig, C.; Glaser, P.; Günthner, W.A.; Winter, S.: Potenziale, Einsatzbereiche und Konstruktionsmöglichkeiten von Hochregallagern aus Holz, 20. Magdeburger Logistiktage, 2015 n Günthner, W.A.; Freis, J.: Energieeffiziente und CO2-neutrale Logistikanlagen und -gebäude: Umsetzungsstand und Handlungsbedarf, Studie, Lehrstuhl fml, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-56-1 n Staab, T.; Günthner, W.A.: Systematisierung – aber wie? Verbesserte Planung manueller Lagersysteme, Hebezeuge Fördermittel, 55 (2015), 6, pp. 308-310 n Laschinger, K.; Maas, C.; Günthner, W.A.: Flexible Container Filling Quantities – A Measure for Logistics Flexibility in the Automotive Industry, NOFOMA 2015 – Proceedings of the 27th Annual Nordic Logistics Research Network Conference, 2015 n Günthner, W.A.; Freis, J.; Hausladen, G.; Vohlidka, P.: CO2-neutrales Logistikzentrum, industrieBAU (2015), 3/2015, pp. 58-61, ISSN 0935-2023 n Rinneberg, S.; Teizer, J.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Smart Quick Coupling System for Safe Equipment Attachment Selection and Operation, 32nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining (ISARC), 2015, pp. 648-655, ISBN 978-951-758-597-2 n Kelterborn, M.; Jeschke, V.; Meissner, S.; Intra, C.; Günthner, W.A.: Elimination of non-value-adding operations and its effect on exposure variation at an order-picking workplace, Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2015 (2015), pp. 333-337, ISSN 978-1-138-02803-6

n Klenk, E.; Galka, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Operating Strategies for In-Plant Milk-Run Systems, In: IFAC – International Federation of Automatic Control, 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2015, Canada, Ottawa, 11-13 Mai 2015, Elsevier, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, n° 3, 2015, pp. 1962-1967, ISBN 2405-8963 n Lantschner, D.: Spielzeit automatischer Lagersysteme mit mehreren Übergabepunkten, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-38-7 n Staab, T.; Klenk, E.; Galka, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Efficiency in in-plant milk-run systems – the influence of routing strategies on system utilization and process stability, Journal of Simulation, 2015 (2015), 6, Online-Ausgabe, doi:10.1057/jos.2015.6 n Rinneberg, S.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Conceptual Approach and Evaluation of an Attachment Identification System for Excavators based on Passive RFID, IEEE International Conference on RFID, 2015, pp. 120-121 n Galka, S.; Klenk, E.; Günthner, W.A.; Trautzsch, D.; Vogel-Daniel, C.: Exakt im Takt, Industrie Management (2015), 2/2015, pp. 57-60, ISSN 1434-1980 n vom Stein, M.; Knott, V.; Günthner, W.A.; Bengler, K.: Augmented Reality im Flurförderzeug, Technische Sicherheit, 5 (2015), 3, pp. 40-45, ISSN 2191-0073 n Ludwig, C.: Hoch hinaus in Holz, Logistik Heute (2015), Heft März, pp. 58-59 n Dörnhöfer, M.; Günthner, W.A.: Transparenz und Effizienz durch Einsatz logistischer Kennzahlen, MM Logistik, 13 (2015), 3, pp. 44-45, ISSN 1867-9722 n Rinneberg, S.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Attachment identification on excavators – recommendations and a guide on the use of RFID technology, Building Construction Machinery (2015) n Kleeberger, M.; Günthner W.A.: Abbildung der dynamischen Beanspruchungen von Gittermast-Fahrzeugkranen mit komplexen Auslegersystemen in quasistatischen Berechnungen, In: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Thorsten Schmidt, Technische Universität Dresden, 23. Kranfachtagung, Selbstverlag der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, 2015, pp. 71-86, ISBN 978-3-86780-427-1 n Günthner, W.A.; Lechner, J.: RFID-MobiVis – Mobile Lesefelderfassung und -visualisierung von UHF-RFID-Installationen, Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-94170254-7 n Röschinger, M.; Kipouridis, O.; Lechner, J.; Günthner, W.A.: AutoID-Konzept für ein cloudbasiertes Werkzeugmanagement, ZWF – Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 110 (2015), 01-02/2015, pp. 59-62 n Kelterborn, M.; Tavs, H.; Günthner W.A.: Untersuchung der körperlichen Belastung hinsichtlich Abwechslung und Einseitigkeit anhand eines Fallbeispiels zu Lean Production, In: Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaften, Tagungsband 61. Frühjahrskongress der GfA. VerANTWORTung für die Arbeit der Zukunft, GfA Press, Dortmund, 2015, Tagungsband 61. Frühjahrskongress der GfA. 25. Februar 2015 – 27. Februar 2015, Karlsruhe n Rinneberg, S.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Unsichtbare Assistenten, baumaschinendienst, 51 (2015), Februar, pp. 34-38, ISSN 0171-8908 n Günthner, W.A.; Bengler, K.; vom Stein, M.; Knott, V.: Einsatz der Augmented-Reality-Technologie zur Unterstützung des Fahrers von Flurförderzeugen, Forschungsbericht, Lehrstuhl fml, Garching, 2015, ISBN 978-3-941702-53-0

n Koch, M.; Günthner, W.A.: Ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Erstellung von belastungsoptimierten Rotationsplänen, In: Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft e. V., VerANTWORTung für die Arbeit der Zukunft – 61. Kongress der Gesellschaft der Arbeitswissenschaft, GfA-Press, Dortmund, 2015, pp. 1-3 (Beitrag A.5.12) n Rinneberg, S.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Potenziale der RFID-Technologie in der Bau-Branche: Identifikation von Anbauwerkzeugen, In: VDBUM Service GmbH, 44. VDBUM Seminar, Seminarband, VDBUM Service GmbH, Stuhr, 2015, pp. 84-88 n Hietschold, N.; Kargul, A.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: Entwicklung eines Telematikdatenstandards für Baumaschinen und die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, In: VDBUM Service GmbH, 44. VDBUM Seminar – Seminarband 2015, Stuhr, 2015, pp. 163-166 n Kargul, A.; Hietschold, N.; Kessler, S.; Günthner, W.A.: BauFlott will Datenaustausch standardisieren – Umfrage zur Nutzung von Telematik bei Baumaschinen, VDBUM INFO (2015), 1, pp. 16-17, ISSN 0940-3035 n Dewitz, M.; Günthner, W.A.: Der Verbrauch bestimmt den Takt – Erstellung von Fahrplänen für getaktete Routenzüge, F+H – Fördern und Heben, 65 (2015), 1-2/2015, pp. 16-19, ISSN 0341-2636 n Frenz T.; Kessler S.; Hefele R.; Walter M.; Günthner W.A.: Digital Tower Crane Deployment Planner, Building Construction Machinery (2015) n Günthner, W. A.; Rammelmeier, T.; Koch, M.: Fortlaufende Ermittlung und Beurteilung der Mitarbeiterbelastung bei Kommissioniertätigkeiten, Jahrbuch Logistik 2015, free beratung GmbH, Korschenbroich, 2015, pp. 131-134, ISBN 978-39816403-1-1 n Günthner, W.A.; Freis, J.; Amberger, M.: Impact Study on Mobile Cranes – Emissions Inventory and Impact Assessment: Directive 97/68/EC: Projection into a Change from Stage IV to V, Study, Lehrstuhl für Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik, Garching, 2015

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Institute of Flight Propulsion Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of flight propulsion systems and turbomachinery components

n Research activities of the Institute of Flight Propulsion in 2015 covered topics in the fields of flight propulsion, gas turbines and thermal turbomachinery. Based on a long tradition the institute develops thermo-dynamic engine models in order to investigate steady and unsteady gas turbine engine and turbomachinery behavior.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn (Acting Head)

Contact www.lfa.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16084

The history of the Institute of Flight Propulsion (LFA) reaches back until 1964, when Prof. Münzberg was first appointed to the head of the chair in downtown Munich. Since its foundation the institute has been dedicated to research and teaching in the field of jet propulsion and gas turbines. The institute is an active member of national research associations, participant in European research projects and long-term partner of leading aero-engine and component manufactures. One

highlight is the framework agreement between the Institute of Flight Propulsion/ TUM, the Bavarian Government and GE Global Research Europe. The cooperation includes the development of the world’s most advanced high speed research radial and axial compressor laboratories focused on developing tomorrow’s aircraft engines and gas turbines. End of 2015 the first test vehicle for the new axial compressor testbed arrived at Garching and the commissioning of the entire rig already started.

Compressor Aerodynamics, Performance and Operating Range Extension The achievement of a high level of efficiency in combination with the guarantee of aerodynamic stability is a main objective in the design of highly loaded compressors. Since the stability margin drops critically with increasing stage loading and transient operation, identifying and understanding the mechanisms for stall inception is the key to increase the range of stable operation. Unsteady flow simulations are applied to investigate the phenomena inherent to the development of aerodynamic instabilities. For an investigated centrifugal compressor, the impact of newly designed and circumferentially non-uniform inlet guide vanes is studied. The simulation results are validated against measurement data currently acquired from the institute’s high speed centrifugal compressor test rig. Furthermore, casing treatments for multistage axial compressors are designed numerically to passively extend the stable operating range.

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Tip blowing casing treatment applied to an axial compressor including streamlines

The unsteady interaction between main flow and the exiting and re-entering treatment flow is investigated using state of the art phase lag simulations. Experimental validation is performed in close cooperation with associated national research institutes and industry partners.

Computational Aeroacoustics for Ducted and Unducted Turbomachinery Growing environmental awareness raises demand for highly-efficient and low noise emitting turbomachinery, guaranteeing stable operation under a large range of operating conditions. In order to improve state-of-the-art turbomachinery, methods for direct and hybrid sound prediction are devolved and applied in combination with high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics analyses. Based on time-resolved simulations of the flow field, deterministic and nondeterministic sources for aerodynamically generated sound can be identified to deduce avenues for passively reducing noise. The radiated sound field is then determined by extrapolating the flow field data into the acoustic farfield by means of in-house acoustic solvers. Due to the high computational effort involved in combined aero and acoustic predictions, present

Methodology for hybrid acoustic predictions relying on high fidelity flow field simulations and in-house sound extrapolation routines

research activities aim at developing low order models for predicting sound from propellers and open rotors. Consequently, lower turn-around times for design iterations can be achieved, thus offering possibilities for automated aeroacoustic optimizations and acoustic inverse design of turbomachinery.

Supersonic Combustion Research for Scramjet Applications A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a future air breathing propulsion concept for high speed vehicles traveling faster than Mach 5. It is one of the most promising propulsion concepts for future space transportation systems and hypersonic flight vehicles. Despite decades of research in this area, scramjets still offer several unresolved challenges. To achieve an air breathing hypersonic flight one of the key technologies is supersonic combustion. At these speeds, the residence time of air inside the engine is of the order of milliseconds. Therefore, mixing and reaction processes in the combustor must be efficient and very fast. The internal flow of a scramjet combustor is studied in a supersonic combustion test bed at the Institute of Flight Propulsion.

Current research topics are related to improving combustion stability, reducing auto-ignition temperatures and increasing combustor efficiency using catalytic radical farming and the investigation of the non-reacting and reacting internal flow phenomena using optical measurement techniques.

Supersonic combustion test bed at the Institute of Flight Propulsion

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Compact Turboshaft Engine Quick-Start System for Rotorcraft Applications

Turboshaft engine testbed

Current helicopters of the light and medium class have two engines installed due to safety reasons. However, this installed power is rarely needed during a flight mission and the engines are operating mainly in part load, leading to poor specific fuel consumption. An operational strategy during flight can be an intended shutdown of one engine. The required power is then covered by the remaining engine which thus runs at higher loads at enhanced specific fuel consumption. Therewith, fuel can be saved, the mission range can be enhanced and emissions can be reduced. In case of a failure of the remaining running engine, the shut-off

engine has to be quick-start capable due to flight safety reasons. Quantification of the fuel savings is a focal point of research on intended single engine operation. Since this engine usage strategy is limited to certain areas of the helicopter flight envelope, flight performance analysis of the helicopter has to be performed in advance. Then, realistic flight missions are chosen for subsequent flight mission simulation and evaluation regarding a useful operational strategy. For realization of engine quick-starts a new system was developed and evaluated at the turboshaft engine testbed. Its working principle is based on air injection through Laval nozzles inside the compressor section. Therewith, a significant start-up time reduction can be achieved. Since shop air is actually used for the quick-start system, an additional system is designed for independent air supply and for integration into a helicopter airframe. For further investigation of the influence on the helicopter drive powertrain, the testbed engine was successfully coupled with the research simulator of the Institute for Helicopter Technology.

Structural Design and Optimization of Aircraft Engine Components

Stress distribution in a generic disk a) without and b) with heat pipe

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A higher turbine inlet temperature and the reduction of component weight are key parameters for a better overall efficiency of future propulsion systems. This requires new design concepts for turbine components. The new design should meet or exceed the reliability requirements of conventional designs. For their lifespan, the dimensioning damage mechanisms of turbine components are long-term creep and thermo-mechanical fatigue. To meet these requirements, two design concepts are investigated. On the one hand,

additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable novel light weight structures. Using the finite element method (FEM), a new design method for additively manufactured turbine guide vanes with reduced weight and unchanged functionality and life span is investigated. On the other hand, in order to cool and reduce the maximum material temperature at the rim of turbine disks, the use of high temperature heat pipes inserted into the disk material is investigated.

Centrifugal Compressor Test Rig

Centrifugal compressor test rig

In the year 2010 a new high-speed radial compressor test rig was commissioned in cooperation with GE Global Research. The latter meets the industrial standards for design & testing and enables experimental testing of different types of modern centrifugal compressors with drive power up to 800 kW and a maximum speed of 30,000 rpm. The test facility can be operated either in open-loop or closed-loop configuration. The research activity focuses on the optimization of centrifugal stage components and their mutual interactions in terms of efficiency and operation range.

Competence n Numerical and experimental investigation in gas turbines and turbomachinery components n Gas turbine performance simulation n Fluid dynamics and structural mechanics of turbomachinery components Infrastructure n Helicopter engine testbed n Test rig for centrifugal compressors n Test rig for axial compressor (under construction) n Subsonic and supersonic combustion testbed n Testbeds for very small gas turbine engines n Institute’s own computer cluster with more than 350 cores

Research topics like operation range expansion by flow control, impact of impeller surface roughness, performance validation of 3D industrial compressor design and variable inlet guide vanes (IGVs) have been conducted. LFA will continuously expand its research capacity in the area of centrifugal compressors to achieve in-depth understanding of the following topics: n Performance characteristics of shrouded and unshrouded impellers with applications in petrochemical industries and aviation businesses n Testing of various inlet configuration possibilities n Implementation of advanced diffusion systems (with low diffuser ratios, new return channel vanes, etc.) n Numerical investigations in parallel to experimental studies The project is funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and GE Global Research in Garching, in collaboration with GE Oil & Gas and GE Aviation.

Courses n Flight Propulsion I & II n Turbomachinery (Basic and Advanced) n Mechanical Design of Jet Engines n Aerodynamic Design of Turbomachinery n Application of Fluidmechanic Calculation Methods for Flight Propulsion n FEM and CFD Design of Turbomachinery

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Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn (Acting Head) Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Erhard Dr.-Ing. Andreas Hupfer Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hanns-Jürgen Lichtfuß Dr.-Ing. Jörg Henne, MTU Aero Engines Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Rick Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Rist Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Günter Kappler Administrative Staff Karin Engels Angelika Heininger Research Scientists Nan Chen, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Florian Danner

Dipl.-Ing. Sina Eisenmann Andreas Feierabend, M.Sc. Fabian Fuchs, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Gurtner Dipl.-Ing. Cyril Guinet André Inzenhofer, M.Sc. Christofer Kendall-Torry, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kerler Daria Kolmakova, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sebastian Lang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Paukner Dipl.-Ing. Marcel Schmieder Joona Seppälä, M.Sc. Chengyu Zhang, M.Sc. Technical Staff Zoe Gerstung Roland Grubert Ralf Priller

Publications 2015 n Sina Eisenmann, Alessandro Primavera, Andreas Hupfer: Analysis of a Gas Turbine Disk Incorporating Radially Rotating Heat Pipes with a Focus on Stress Concentrations, ISABE-2015-20076, 22nd ISABE Conference, International Society for Airbreathing Engines, Phoenix, USA, 2015 n Martin Kerler, Johannes Elfner, Wolfgang Erhard: Investigation of Engine Operating Behavior after Compressor Casing Modification due to Installation of a Quick-Start System, ISABE-2015-20077, 22nd ISABE Conference, International Society for Airbreathing Engines, Phoenix, USA, 2015 n Nan Chen: Numerical Investigation of a Centrifugal Compressor with Inlet Distortions Induced by Variable Guide Vanes – A Comparison between Steady, Transient and Transient Blade Row Simulation Methods, ANSYS Conference & 33rd CADFEM Users’ Meeting 2015, June 24-26, 2015, Bremen, Germany n Ismail Sezal, Matthias Lang, Christian Aalburg, Nan Chen, Wolfgang Erhard, Alberto Scotti Del Greco, Libero Tapinassi and Rajesh Kumar V. Gadamsetty: Introduction of Circumferentially Non-Uniform Variable Guide Vanes in the Inlet Plenum of a Centrifugal Compressor for Minimum Losses and Flow, GT2015-43467, ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 2C: Turbomachinery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2015, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5665-9 n Sina Eisenmann, Roman Körner and Andreas Hupfer: Transient Simulation of a Gas Turbine Disk Incorporating Heat Pipes Under Structural Aspects, Paper No. GT2015-42102, ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2015, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5677-2

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n Cyril Guinet, André Inzenhofer and Volker Gümmer: Influencing Parameters of a Tip Blowing Interacting with Rotor Tip Flow, GT2015-42039, ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 2A: Turbomachinery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2015, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5663-5 n Martin Kerler, Christian Schäffer, Wolfgang Erhard: Design of an Engine Quickstart System for Rotorcraft Application, Paper ETC2015-268, 11th European Turbomachinery Conference, Madrid, Spain, 2015 n André Inzenhofer, Andreas Hupfer, Cyril Guinet, Henner Schrapp, and Volker Gümmer: Influence of a Tip Blowing Casing Treatment on the Stator Flow, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Propulsion and Energy Forum, (AIAA 2015-3936), 2015 n D. Rahn, R. Schmidt, F. Greif, A. Hupfer: Untersuchungen zu Düsenströmungen kleiner Fluggasturbinen, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt – Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2015, Rostock; URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-201510192027 n Nan Chen, Wolfgang Erhard: Numerical Investigation of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with IGV Induced Inlet Flow Distortions, Conference on Modelling Fluid Flow, 16th International Conference on Fluid Flow Technologies, Budapest, Hungary, September 01-04, 2015

Space Propulsion Group Liquid propellant rocket engine technologies

n The Space Propulsion Group, established in October 2011, has put its emphasis from the beginning on experimental activities around different aspects of injection, ignition, combustion, heat transfer and cooling in oxygen/kerosene, oxygen/methane model combustors operating at various propellant temperature, combustion chamber pressure and operational boundary conditions. Since 2014, these experimental activities have been accompanied by a second working group which has its main focus on modeling and simulation in all areas of liquid propellant rocket engine technologies and in 2015 liquid oxygen turbo-pump technologies were added as the most recent research area. The Liquid Propulsion Technical Committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics bestowed their Best

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Contact

Vulcain 2 engine during testing at P5 facilty in Lampoldshausen. Photo: DLR

www.lfa.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16138

Paper Award 2013 to Prof. Haidn and his coworkers for the technical paper entitled, ‘Investigation of the API-Injection Concept in a LOX/LH2 Combustion Chamber at GG/PB Operation Conditions’.

Rocket Propulsion

GOX/CH4 multi-injector sub-scale combustor. Photo: Institute of Space Propulsion

Within the SFB TR40 the main emphasis currently lies on experimental research examining the impact of injector/injector and injector/wall interaction on combustion performance, wall heat loads and film cooling efficiencies in model rocket engines operating with gaseous methane and oxygen for various propellant mixture ratios and combustion chamber pressures. These experimental activities are accompanied by numerical investigations into the impact of different closure models for turbulence, turbulence/chemistry interaction on performance and wall heat loads at the CSC and Airbus D&S.

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Technologies for Green In-Space Propulsion Within a project funded by Munich Aerospace, the Chinese CSC and the Brazilian CSF on environmentally benign propellants for space-craft propulsion, the group investigates within three individual projects flashing of cryogenic fluids under vacuum conditions, different propellant injection concepts feasible for thrust variation and in particular the concept of resonance ignition where a gaseous sonic jet is blown into a cavity and the reflecting shock waves provide for the heating.

Proof of concept of a resonance ignition system operating with gaseous oxygen (glowing metal cone tip after < 50 ms operation). Photo:LFA

Turbo-Pump Technologies

Design of a LOX TP impeller (upper picture) and inducer (lower picture). © LFA

Within the project KonRAT which deals with technologies for liquid oxygen turbipumps, the group works on experimental and numerical investigation of critical areas of a LOX turbopump and in

particular seals, bearings and component life. In addition, techniques for boundary layer manipulation to increase the operational range and reduce internal friction turbo-pump are investigated numerically.

Catalytic Propulsion Within a smaller project, the group develops a numerical tool for the design of catalyst beds for small thrusters which includes all thermo-physical phenomena such as heterogeneous catalytic reactions, heat condition in gas and solids, multi-phase and multi-species flows with phase change. Currently, most emphasis is put on H2O2 and N2O as mono-propellants.

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Schematic of catalytic mono-­propellant thruster. © LFA

Research Focus Prof. Haidn’s research focuses on rocket propulsion with the main emphasis on technologies for liquid propellant rocket engines: propellant injection, ignition, combustion stability, heat transfer, cooling and life cycle analysis, nozzle flow phenomena, turbopump seals, bearings and lifing and environmentally benign propellants and in particular on dynamic processes. Competence The publications of the Space Propulsion Group clearly demonstrate the competence of the group in the field of rocket engine technology. Infrastructure n CH4 /O2  /kerosene test facility (~ 100 bar, ~ 1.5 kg/s) n Multi-propellant test facility (~ 20 bar, 0.5 kg/s) n N2O hybrid rocket test facility Courses n Raumfahrtantriebe 1 (Grundlagen) n ZÜ Raumfahrtantriebe 1 n Selected Topics on Launcher Propulsion n Heat Transfer (MSE) n ZÜ Heat Transfer (MSE) n Practical Training Raumfahrtantriebe

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn Adjunct Professors Dr.-Ing. Gerald Hagemann, Airbus Defence & Space Dr.-Ing. Oliver Knab, Airbus Defence & Space Administrative Staff Karin Engels Angelika Heininger Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Christian Bauer Dr.-Ing. Paulo Beck Chiara Boffa, M.Sc. Maria Palma Celano, M.Sc. Alexander Fuchs, M.Sc. Meng Luo, M.Sc. Fernanda Maia, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Yuriy Metsker Julian Pauw, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christof Roth Simona Silvestri, M.Sc. Brunno Vasques, M.Sc. Lucrezia Veggi, M.Sc. Hong Ye, M.Sc. Kendong Yu, M.Sc. Silong Zhang, M. Sc.

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Publications 2015 Journals n Coclite, A., Cutrone, L., Gurtner, M., De Palma, P., Haidn, O.J., Pascazio, G., ‘Computing supersonic non-pre-mixed turbulent combustion by an SMLD flamelet progress variable’, Journal of Hydrogen Energy, doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.10.086, 2015 n Höglauer, C., Kniesner, B., Knab, O., Schlieben, G., Kirchberger, C., Silvestri S., Haidn, O.J., ‘Modeling and Simulation of a GOX/Kerosene Subscale Rocket Combustion Chamber with Film Cooling’, CEAS Space Journal, DOI 10.1007/s12567-0150096-y, 2015 n Verma, S.B., Hadjadj, A., Haidn, O.J., ‘Unsteady Shock Motions During Dual-Bell Sneak Transition’, Journal of Propulsion and Power, DOI: 10.2514/1. B35558, 2015

Chapters in Books n Celano, M.P., Silvestri, S., Schlieben, G., Kirchberger, C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Injector Characterization for a GOX-GCH4 Single Element Combustion Chamber’, in EUCASS Advances in Aerospace Sciences, Progress in Propulsion Physics Vol. 9, edited by Max Calabro, Oskar J. Haidn, Sergey M. Frolov, ISBN 975-5-94588-191-4, Torus Press, Moscow, pp. 319-338, 2015.

Conference Papers n Boffa, C., ‘A 1D Multiphase Mixture Model for Flows in Porous Media: Model Development’, 13th Multiphase Flow Conference and Short Course: Simulation, Experiment and Application, Dresden, November 24-26, 2015 n Boffa C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Towards a design tool for reacting multi-phase flows in porous structures’, 9th Int. Conference on Development Trends in space Propulsion Systems, Warsaw, October 7-8, 2015 n Silvestri, S., Celano, M.P., Kirchberger, C., Schlieben, G., Haidn, O.J., Knab, O., ‘Investigation on Recess Variation of a Shear Coax Injector for a Single Element GOX/GCH4 Combustion Chamber’, 30th ISTS, Kobe, June 4-10, 2015 n Boffa C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Preliminary Design of catalyst Beds for the H2/O2 Decomposition for Space Applications’, 30th ISTS, Kobe, July 4-10, 2015 n Schmidt, J., Hauser, M. Bauer, C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Investigation of Stabilization Effects in Hartmann-Sprenger Tubes’, 30th ISTS, Kobe, July 4-10, 2015 n Celano, M.P., Silvestri, S., Kirchberger, C., Schlieben, G., Suslov, D., Haidn, O.J., ‘Gaseous Film Cooling Investigation and Model Assessment in a Sub-scale Single Element GOX/GCH4 Combustion Chamber’, 30th ISTS, Kobe, July 4-10, 2015

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n Slavinskaya, N.A., Abbasi, A., Weinschenk, M., Haidn, O.J., ‘Methane Skeletal Mechanism for Space Propulsion Applications’, 5th International Workshop on Model Reduction in Reacting Flows, Spreewald, Germany, June 28-July 1, 2015 n Silvestri, S., Celano, M.P., Haidn, O.J., Knab, O., ‘Comparison of Single Element Rocket Combustion Chambers with Round an Square Cross Sections’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July 3, 2015 n Celano, M.P., Silvestri, S., Perakis, N, Schily, F., Haidn, O.J., ‘Heat Flux Evaluation Methods for a Single Element Heat Sink Chamber’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July 3, 2015 n Bauer, C., Haidn, O.J., ‘Numerical Investigation of 3D Effects in Hartmann-Sprenger Tubes’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July 3, 2015 n Metsker, Y., Haidn, O.J., Weinand, K., Geulen, G., ‘Analysis of Reentry Vehicle Flight Physics’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July 3, 2015 n Luo, M. Haidn, O.J., ‘The effect of injector geometry on the flashing spray with cryogenic propellants’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July3, 2015

Lectures Given on Invitation n Haidn, O.J., ‘Innovation at the Institute of Flight Propulsion’, 3rd Innovation Seminar, Camera Brazil-Alemanha, Sao Paulo, November 12, 2015 n Haidn, O.J., ‘Collaborative Research Center TRR 40 – Technological Foundations for the Design of Thermally and Mechanically highly loaded Components of future Space Transportation Systems’, 6th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS), Krakov, Poland, June 28-July 3, 2015 n Haidn, O.J., ‘Liquid Propulsion Research in Europe’, Nagoya, June 2015 n Haidn, O.J., ‘Aerospace Engineering Education at TU Munich’, 1st Brazilian/German Aerospace Workshop, May 11-15, Natal, 2015

Institute for Helicopter Technology Performance, efficiency and safety for rotorcraft

n The year 2015 brought a unique opportunity for the Institute of Helicopter Technology – five years after the institute’s foundation. The European Rotorcraft Forum (ERF) is Europe’s largest scientific conference on all aspects of rotorcraft research. Its location was planned for Germany this year which gave us a chance to apply to host the 41st ERF at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. Visitors and guests all confirmed their positive feedback about the Forum, where 120 papers had been presented. During Forum, the institute’s Research Simulator ROSIE was frequently visited by colleagues from other universities (e.g. Maryland, GeorgiaTech, Cranfield) or experts from operations and industry. Finally, it was also a dry-run for the next event: the 2017 conference of the German Aerospace Society (DGLR) with around 1000 participants! A major event marked the beginning of 2015 when the Federal Ministry of Economy (BMWi) published the preliminary votes for the latest LuFo-Call (National Aviation Research Program). Although LuFo is mainly devoted to aviation industry, the Institute for Helicopter Technology (HT) was successful in three projects. With our partners at TU Chemnitz and Hochschule Hannover, we will investigate the use of structural parts manufactured from renewable raw materials. Concrete applications will be designed together with a manufacturer of ultra-light helicopters. The second project will focus on the sizing and design of helicopter drive systems, where substantial variations of the rotor

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek Contact www.ht.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16300 Co-axial helicopter (edm-aerotec) for LuFo project CuRoT

rpm shall be enabled by new gearbox technologies. The Partner for this project will be TU Vienna where modelling and testing of such gearbox designs are foreseen. Finally, HT will have a unique chance to perform measurements of a counterrotating (i.a.w. co-axial) main rotor of an ultra-light aircraft which was developed and manufactured by edm-aerotec, a medium-size company in Thuringen. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) will be a key partner for all aerodynamic measurements. In two of these projects, work has begun already by mid 2015.

Real-Time Downwash Modeling of Helicopter Rotors

Real-time simulation (snap shot from video) for a tiltrotor close to ground.

One of the helicopter’s major drawbacks lies in its principle of (vertical) flight: its downwash from the rotor disk allows the helicopter to hover – but it generates high wind speeds which can produce clouds of sand, dust (brownout) or snow (whiteout). These clouds are a major hazard for operations close to the ground or in the vicinity of obstacles as we know from a series of severe accidents. One way to limit the risk associated with brownout or whiteout is an optimal training in flight simulators. However, there is no adequate modelling available to represent the clouds as induced by the downwash. This was Institute for Helicopter Technology

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motivation enough to start research on real-time capabilities of simulation models. A first dissertation is about to be finalized this year and first results were presented at the Forum of the American Helicopter

Society and at the European Rotorcraft Forum. The next milestone will be a cooperation with the American Office of Naval Research where ship landings will be in the primary focus.

Rotorcraft Drones for Extreme Altitudes Rotor blade for the AREA drone manufactured at TUM

Together with the DLR Institute of Robotics in Oberpfaffenhofen, HT is working on an extreme helicopter application: A drone (AREA) with a maximum weight of 25 kg shall be enabled to fly to an altitude of 9000m – autonomously! Besides the requirement to control the aircraft under severe gusts and crosswinds, the required power is a major challenge. A relatively large rotor radius

has been selected therefore – leading to an unusual structural requirement for the blades. The sizing and design of the blade was part of a Master thesis which received the MT Aerospace Innovation Award during the German Aerospace Congress (DLRK) in Rostock. This work is supported by a Munich Aerospace Scholarship and performed in Garching and Oberpfaffenhofen.

Pilot Assistance for Degraded Visual Environment

Pilot’s view during flight into degraded visibility; combined natural outside view and display symbology (center image)

Despite today’s achievements in active and passive safety measures, helicopter flight still requires research efforts e.g. for flight in degraded visual environments (DVE). To overcome the challenge of extending the flight envelope to such degraded visual conditions, current research focuses on head-mounted displays with 3D- conformal (scene-linked) visual cues for pilot assistance. ‘Pilot-in-the-loop’ simulations are required to increase the maturity of this techno-

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logy. New approaches and concepts of displaying 3D-conformal information are developed to reduce visual clutter and to enable spatial situation awareness. Thus, landing zone symbols together with terrain and obstacle information can be displayed for collision avoidance. During 2015, the symbology was developed far enough so that the next step – the system evaluation – could be envisaged. Symbology assessment in helicopter cockpits requires skilled pilots to be interviewed after they have ‘flown’ a new cockpit design. The key question behind: Does additional symbology increase the pilot workload or does it help reduce the risk of pilot mistakes? Or – in a nutshell – is there a net benefit of such additional pilot aids? After a long preparation, the simulator is finally ready for these evaluations. They began in mid 2015 and will take till the beginning of 2016.

Research Focus n Nonlinear rotor modeling n Dynamic stall n Pilot assistance n Flight safety

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hajek, Director

Competence n Rotor flow field n Coupled rotor-fuselage simulation n Flight simulation n HIL simulation

Visiting Scientist Associate Prof. Dr. Milan Vrdoljak, University of Zagreb

Infrastructure n Research simulator with 6 image channels (>200° horiz., -50°/+30° vert.) terrain and image data bases, head tracking system n Test rig for blade root structures (leadlag and flap) n Optical strain measurement system (Fibre Bragg-gratings) Lectures in: n Introduction to Aeronautics (Rotorcraft) n Rotorcraft Flight Physics I/II n Rotorcraft Flight Physics I n Helicopter Design I/II n Helicopter Systems n Flight Safety and Certification n Helicopter Flight Dynamics and Control n Instrument Flight for Helicopters n Helicopter Aerodynamics – Advanced Topics n Fundamentals of Helicopter Aerodynamics n Aeromechanical Modelling Helicopters

Adjunct Professors Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Butter

Administrative Staff Martina Thieme Research Scientists Dr. Jürgen Rauleder Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Andersch Dipl.-Ing. Aaron Barth Dipl.-Ing. Roland Feil Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Friedmann Dipl.-Ing. Stephanie Manner Dipl.-Ing. Oliver Oberinger, Ingénieur SUPAERO Dipl.-Ing. Simon Radler Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Schicker Dipl.-Ing. Christian Spieß Dipl.-Ing. Sören Süße Dipl.-Ing. Franz Viertler Dominik Wirth, M.Sc. Stephan Platzer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Pflumm Dipl.-Ing. Willem Garre

Publications 2014-15 n Pflumm, T., Barth, A., Kondak, K., Hajek, M.: Auslegung und Konstruktion eines Hauptrotorblattes für ein in extremen Flughöhen operierendes Drehflügel-UAV; Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress; 2015 n Andersch, P., Hajek, M.: Lead-Lag Dynamics of a Rotor with Stick-Slip Nonlinearity; 41st European Rotorcraft Forum; 2015 n Viertler, F., Krammer, C., Hajek, M.: Analyzing Visual Clutter of 3D-Conformal HMD Solutions for Rotorcraft Pilots in Degraded Visual Environment; 41st European Rotorcraft Forum; 2015

n Hajek, M., Manner, S., Süße, S.: Blade Root Integrated Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors – A Highly Redundant Data Source For Future HUMS; Annual Forum Proceedings – AHS International; 2015 n Viertler, F., Hajek, M.: Dynamic registration of an optical see-through HMD into a wide field-of-view rotorcraft flight simulation environment; SPIE DSS Conference, Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX: Design and Applications; 2015 n Viertler, F., Hajek, M.: Requirements and Design Challenges in Rotorcraft Flight Simulations for Research Applications; AIAA SciTech – Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference; 2015

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Institute of Flight System Dynamics Making innovations fly in certified products of small and medium-sized aerospace companies

n As part of the Technische Universität München’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, we are devoted to analyzing and modifying the dynamic characteristics of aerial platforms. Our passionate team is committed to mature cutting-edge technologies that are required to incept the flight system behavior of tomorrow.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel Contact www.fsd.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16061

During the last years we have acquired all the experience which is needed along the whole process of making control ideas fly. This includes modeling and system identification, controller design and implementation in real aircraft. Our research areas are presented in the following sections. The research infrastructure includes several flight simulators, test rigs, and manned and

unmanned aircraft. We have established important partnerships and synergies with top research institutions and leading industrial players in the field of aerospace. Our ultimate goal is the development and the application of innovative approaches tailored to real world applications and products, as well as to the demanding challenges of tomorrow.

Flight Guidance and Flight Control

Research airplane Diamond DA-42

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Modern flight guidance and control systems need to fulfill the growing requirements for safety, performance and autonomy in order to comply with customers’ needs. To this end, novel methods and concepts are being developed at TUM FSD for manned as well as for unmanned aerial vehicles. The practical relevance of the results for the specific applications is guaranteed through continuous evaluation of the research during flight tests. Notable achievements 2014-2015 include the development and testing of an integrated auto-flight control system incorporating waypoint based trajectory flight, autopilot functionalities and direct law fly-by-wire algorithms. Aircraft-inthe-loop simulations using the actual institute’s DA-42 aircraft and a real-time

simulation setup have been conducted to verify the developed algorithms and prepare upcoming flight tests. Novel adaptive control algorithms that enable controlled flight along highly agile and nonlinear trajectories and in the presence of actuator faults have been developed and successfully flight-tested on multirotor systems. The flight control and flight guidance group has successfully completed several research projects and has acquired new collaborations with the industry. Project results and ongoing research have been presented at PARIS AIR SHOW 2015, AIRTEC 2014 and 2015, ILA 2014 and various scientific conferences. Projects n Affording safe, highly reliable and affordable automation for aerospace systems (TUM-IAS) n Inner-loop adaptive stabilization for a multirotor using a nonlinear reference model (DFG) n Development of adaptive and fault-tolerant control algorithms with guaranteed performance and robustness (BMWi) n Development of an autopilot using a modular architecture for CS-23 aircraft and model-based development of functional algorithms for safety critical systems (BMWi)

n Total capability approach to highly accurate and safe guidance applied to an automatic landing system (BMWi) n Development of an autopilot for RPAS with fixed-wing, rotary-wing or hybrid configuration (BMWi) n Development of the flight control system for an unstable tailless jet (industry) n Development of innovative adaptive flight control algorithms for nonminimum phase systems (industry) n Model-based development of a certifiable avionics system for unmanned aerial vehicles of 5kg to 2000kg (industry).

Unmanned hexarotor system

Modeling, Simulation, Parameter Estimation and Flight Safety The research group Modeling, Simulation, Parameters Estimation and Flight Safety focuses on the modeling of flight vehicle systems on the one hand and predictive analysis tools on the other hand. The parameter estimation approach is based on measured input and output data of the real system. Flight vehicle system identification focuses on the aircraft dynamics and on modeling the forces and moments acting on it. The result is a validated model with known uncertainty bounds that is reliable in a known region of the flight envelope. System identification techniques allow comparison and combination of dynamic models from very different sources, e.g. from flight test data, wind tunnel tests or computational fluid dynamics, leading to very accurate results. The system identification group focuses on unmanned aerial systems and general aviation aircraft. In doing so, the group is contributing to many projects. This includes the modeling of fixed wing aircraft, helicopter and multicopter systems. The identified models were used, for example, as the basis for the model-based design of flight control systems and as flight dynamics model in high fidelity flight simulators.

The flight safety part focuses on the quantification of incident probabilities for a given airline based on information about the flight operation. Predictive analysis, which is conducted at our institute, refers to making a quantitative statement about a future state or condition based on previous experience or knowledge. It focuses on quantifying the probabilities of serious incidents for an individual airline, which are extremely small, yet not equal to zero. Predictive analysis will be an integral part of the box of tools that will keep the skies of tomorrow safe! Projects n Future Sky Safety: development of a risk observatory for the total aviation system (EU-H2020) n Research and development of a core simulation model for a small aircraft (industry) n Robust in-flight identification (Bayr. Forschungsstiftung) n Robust detection of safety critical events in flight data (ZIM) n Modular training simulator system for UAS (ZIM)

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Trajectory Optimization

FALCON.m, FSD optimal control in MATLAB

In the Trajectory Optimization Research Group at FSD, optimal control methods for aerospace applications are researched and developed. These methods are tailored to specific applications, mainly from the field of aerospace. One part of the process is the modeling of specific cost functions representing the key performance indicators that are relevant for industry. Among these are the calculation of fuel consumption, flight times as well as the modeling of noise and its perception by the inhabitants around an airport. Additionally, multiple aircraft optimization problems have become a focus of the research group. In these problems, several aircraft have to fly through a shared airspace sector minimizing the environmental impacts while always maintaining all safety boundaries. Of course, in all applications the compliance with aircraft-related envelope constraints as well as regulatory constraints has to be ensured. The results achieved in the research projects have been used to create scientific publications and were additionally condensed into a software tool, called FALCON.m. This tool is planned to be released in early 2016 to the general public and will enable the solution of

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optimal control problems in different fields of engineering and sciences all around the world. Finally, a project has been conducted in close cooperation with the flight control research group of the institute and Prof. Ben-Asher from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (Haifa, Israel). Within this project, optimal control methods have been used to perform a flight control law clearance. This way, it can be proven that the flight control system is able to maintain the aircraft within a secure envelope in any considered flight condition. Additional research topics were the solution of optimal control problems including discrete controls. Furthermore, the combination of classical optimal control methods with alternative approaches was investigated. In a DFG project started in 2015 the robust solution of aircraft trajectory optimization problems is researched. Projects n Simulation of environmental impacts of aviation for air traffic controller education (AiF) n Adaptation of WORHP to avionics constraints (EU) n Robust dynamic programming approach to aircraft control problems with disturbances (DFG)

Avionics and Safety Critical Systems Traditionally, the research at FSD was focused on functions and algorithms. With the new focus on prototyping application systems with small and medium enterprises as main partners for UAS/RPAS and general aviation aircraft, implementation aspects have gained high importance. With the cost, weight, volume and other constraints of the markets addressed and the limited personal and financial resources of typical SMEs, a transfer of solutions, processes, components and tools from large and military aviation would lead to a gigantic failure. Based on the specific requirements of the market considered and utilizing disruptive technologies and innovations from nonaerospace domains, tailored processes, tools and solutions are required. Research focuses are model-based design of functional algorithms for guidance, navigation and control applications, model-based safety assessment as well as the development of avionics system architectures and the contributing components (flight control computers, data concentrator units, electromechanical actuators, navigation systems and power system components). The work is accomplished in close collaboration with highly innovative SMEs, manufacturers of RPAS and general aviation aircraft as well as tool vendors.

The FSD has gained novel capabilities in failure simulation with minimal additional modeling effort, reducing the workload for safety assessment and system integration. Projects n Development of certifiable flight control system architectures for RPAS up to 150kg MTOW (ZIM) n Development of internally redundant electro-mechanical actuators with backup flight control capabilities (ZIM) finished in 2015 n Enhancements on model-based development processes and tools for flight-worthy certifiable software n Development of certifiable flight control system architectures for RPAS above 150kg MTOW (industry) n Development of a system and software development process for certifiable avionics (industry) n Physical modeling and simulation of avionics systems failure behavior n Assisted model validation against safety requirements using failure simulation (ZIM) finished in 2015 n Tool-assisted planning documents generation for safety critical application (ZIM) started in 2015

Sensors, Navigation and Data Fusion Navigation systems and sensors provide essential information on aircraft state required for flight control and guidance, such as position and angular rate. Consequently, the performance of flight control greatly depends on navigation accuracy. In addition, safe and successful mission accomplishment requires high availability and robustness of navigation with respect to faults or disturbances. From the combination of various satellite navigation, to the development of fault-tolerant ADAHRS algorithms, the Navigation Research Group at FSD the development

and studies application of innovative methods in the field of navigation. In 2015, the navigation group established an Inertial Sensor Test facility that will boost research in the field of inertial sensor calibration and error estimation. Projects n Multi-GNSS navigation n Inertial Laboratory n Surface, image and model-aided navigation n Fault-tolerant ADAHRS

Three-axis motion simulator for inertial sensor testing

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Research Focus n Flight guidance and flight control n Modeling, simulation, parameter estimation and flight safety n Trajectory optimization n Avionics and safety critical systems n Sensors, navigation and data fusion

Adjunct Professors/Lecturers Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Math. techn. Johann Dambeck Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller

Competence n Simulation of aerospace systems n Development of GNC functions in accordance to aerospace standards n Trajectory optimization under application relevant constraints n Airline operational safety assessment

Research Scientists Sravan Akkinapalli, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thaddäus Baier Fedor Baklanov, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Baur (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Magnus Bichlmeier (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Bittner Christopfer Blum, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Braun (until 12.2013, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Stanislav Braun Yahao Cheng, M.Sc. (Scholar) Farhana Chew, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Diepolder Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Dörhöfer Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Drees Dipl.-Ing. Christian Eitner (until 02.2014, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Guillermo Falconí Dipl.-Ing. Tim Fricke, Ingénieur Supaéro Dipl.-Ing. Agnes Gabrys Dipl.-Ing. Markus Geiser Dipl.-Ing. Lorenz Görcke Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Göttlicher, M.Sc. Benedikt Grüter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Hager Akinori Harada, M.Eng. (Scholar, visiting PhD student) Dipl.-Ing. Christian Heise (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Markus Hochstraßer Lukas Höhndorf, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Markus Hornauer (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Jaros (until 08.2014, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Erik Karlsson Christoph Krause, M.Sc Phillip Koppitz, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Michael Kriegel Martin Kügler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Lauffs Miquel Leitao, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Lenz Dipl.-Ing. David Löbl Arnab Maity, PhD Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Mühlegg

Infrastructure n Multiple fixed and rotary wing UAS/ RPAS n Three flight simulators (from research to level 6 FTD) n Two manned research aircraft serving as flying test bed; one of them with active access to flight controls n HIL test benches Courses n Introduction to Flight System Dynamics and Flight Control n Flight System Dynamics I/II n Flight Control I/II n Flight Guidance I n Development of Flight Control Systems n Nonlinear Adaptive Flight Control n Flight Dynamics Challenges of Highly Augmented Aircraft I/II n Aircraft Trajectory Optimization n Navigation and Data Fusion n Flight System Identification and Parameter Estimation n Fundamentals of Practical Flight Lab n Flight Guidance Lab n Flight Testing Lab n Flight Control Lab n Optimal Control Lab Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel, Director Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Gottfried Sachs (ret.) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Otto Wagner Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller

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Administrative Staff Monica Kleinoth-Gross

Dipl.-Ing. Nils Mumm Dipl.-Ing. Kajetan Nürnberger Dipl.-Ing. Florian Peter (until 08.2014, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Lars Peter M.Sc. Philippe Petit Idris Putro, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Raffler Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Richter Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rieck (Scholar) Simon Schatz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Volker Schneider Dipl.-Ing. Julian Schreder Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Schropp Dr.-Ing. Falko Schuck (until 10.2013) Jeanette Seewald, M.Sc.

Javensius Sembiring, M.T. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. Philip Spiegel Lukas Steinert, M.Sc. (Scholar) Dipl.-Ing. David Tromba Chong Wang, M.Sc. Jian Wang, M.Sc. Zhongjie Wang, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Weingartner (until 09.2013, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Wille Dipl.-Ing. Philip Wolze (until 05.2014, then external) Dipl.-Ing. Simona Wulf Fubiao Zhang, M.Eng. Alexander Zollitsch, M.Sc.

Publications 2015 n Bittner, Matthias; Rieck, Matthias; Grüter, Benedikt; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Optimal Conflict Free Approach Trajectories for Multiple Aircraft. In: ENRI Int. Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC). Tokyo, Japan. n Falconí, Guillermo P.; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Fault-Tolerant Position Tracking of a Hexacopter using an Extended State Observer. In: 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA). Queenstown, New Zealand, 17-19 Feb. 2015. n Felux, Michael; Lee, Jiyun; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Total System Performance in GBAS-based landings. In: Proceedings of the Pacific PNT. Honolulu, HI, USA. n Fricke, Tim; Paixão, Vítor; Loureiro, Nuno; Costa, Rui M.; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Brain Control of Horizontal Airplane Motion – A Comparison of Two Approaches. In: AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Grüter, Benedikt; Bittner, Matthias; Rieck, Matthias; Holzapfel, Florian; Harada, Akinori (2015): Allocation, Sequencing and Trajectory for Aircraft Using Superimposed Navigation and Optimal Control. In: ENRI Int. Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC). Tokyo, Japan. n Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Uniform Ultimate Boundedness of a Model Reference Adaptive Controller in the Presence of Unmatched Parametric Uncertainties. In: 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA). Queenstown, New Zealand, 17-19 Feb. 2015. n Hellmundt, Fabian; Maier, Rudolf; Leitao, Miguel; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Performance Assessment of L1 Adaptive Augmentation Strategies for an Enhanced Longitudinal F16 Aircraft Model. In: EuroGNC. Toulouse, France, 13.04.2015-15.04.2015. n Hellmundt, Fabian; Wildschek, Andreas; Maier, Rudolf; Osterhuber, Robert; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Comparison of L1 Adaptive Augmentation Strategies for a Differential PI Baseline Controller on a Longitudinal F16 Aircraft Model. In Joël Bordeneuve-Guibé, Antoine Drouin, Clément Roos (Eds.): Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 99-118.

n Löbl, David; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Subset Simulation for Estimating Small Failure Probabilities of an Aerial System Subject to Atmospheric Turbulences. In: AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Mühlegg, Maximilian; Holzapfel, Florian; Chowdhary, Girish (2015): Trusting Learning Based Adaptive Flight Control Algorithms. In: Self-Confidence in Autonomous Systems (in Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2015 Fall Symposium). Arlingtion, USA. n Mühlegg, Maximilian; Niermeyer, Philipp; Falconí, Guillermo P.; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): L1 Fault Tolerant Adaptive Control of a Hexacopter with Control Degradation. In: IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). Sydney, Australia. n Niermeyer, Philipp; Raffler, Thomas; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Open-Loop Quadrotor Flight Dynamics Identification in Frequency Domain via Closed-Loop Flight Testing. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Rieck, Matthias; Bittner, Matthias; Grüter, Benedikt; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Generation of dynamic models with automatically generated derivatives for ATM optimal control in MATLAB. In: ENRI Int. Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC). Tokyo, Japan. n Schatz, Simon P.; Yucelen, Tansel; Gruenwald, Benjamin C.; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Application of a Novel Scalability Notion in Adaptive Control to Various Adaptive Control Frameworks. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Wang, Jian; Raffler, Thomas; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): High Velocity Path Control of Quadrotors. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Zhang, Fubiao; Holzapfel, Florian (2015): Flight Control Using Physical Dynamic Inversion. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Kissimmee, Florida. n Zollitsch, Alexander; Holzapfel, Florian; Annaswamy, A. (2015): Application of Adaptive Control with Closed-Loop Reference Models to a Model Aircraft with Actuator Dynamics and Input Uncertainty. In: American Control Conference. Chicago, IL, USA, July 1-3, 2015, pp. 3848-3853.

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Institute of Aircraft Design Applied aircraft design for civil aviation and unmanned aerial systems

n System integration and validation for unmanned aerial systems have been in the research focus of the Institute of Aircraft Design in 2015. Based on the design capabilities and previously realized demonstrators, UAS key system components have been implemented and tested under real conditions. As part of those activities a new test lab for complete UAS propulsion systems has been built up, in order to test electrical propulsion systems up to small jet engines featuring active thrust vectoring capabilities.

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung

For the design and operational assessment of commercial aircraft the capabil­ ities in the operational assessment have been enhanced with respect to noise and emission assessment as well as

quantifying the capacity impact on airport operations. The optimization of reduced noise configurations has been enabled through an innovative noise assessment procedure developed for small aircraft.

Contact www.lls.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15981

Noise Evaluation

Multi-engine UAV for noise measurements

For inflight noise assessments and model validation the institute operates highly precise noise measuring equipment. Through the integration of test results in a tool-based noise modeling algorithm directional noise models of aircraft configurations may be derived very efficiently. These models may enable

Noise abatement procedures

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noise-restricted aircraft operations as well as the derivation of reduced-noise aircraft configurations. As annoyance due to aircraft noise is becoming a major issue at a growing number of airports around the world, the pressure to reduce the noise impact in the vicinity of airports increases. Following this need, one focus of the Institute of Aircraft Design is the comparison of noise abatement procedures and the evaluation of their application for specific airports. In this, apart from noise reduction at the source, a variety of operational, economic and restrictive instruments exists enabling a relief of residents in the vicinity of airports.

UAS Aircraft Design The integration of simulation-based design methods for unmanned air systems (UAS) or remotely piloted air systems (RPAS) enables a more consistent design process for such air vehicles. Connecting the operational or mission environment with sensorics and/or communication systems as well as other payload systems allows an early integration and assessment of novel air vehicle architectures. The visualization tool enables representation of a high number of information, such as: aircraft configuration, its performance and position, commanded and real flight paths, communication capabilities, sensor range and field of view, interaction of the system elements with each other and the environment. The numerical simulation is based on a mission management system, flight control system, as well as the information from the mission payload and is represented in MATLAB Simulink. The relevant input data are connected with the institute’s ADEBO and ADDAM tools. The visualization is based on the OpenSceneGraph toolkit. These two parts are connected via a user

datagram protocol, which is also used for the feedback information to the design process. The goal of the software is to enable a mission scenario building, to evaluate sensor and mission performance, taking into account all components of a UAS and their interaction with the environment. Utilizing the enhanced integrated design environment ADEBO (Aircraft Design Box) the foundation for more efficient aircraft conceptual designs for unmanned as well as manned aircraft have been laid.

UAS design: mission simulation tool

UAS System Testing and Demonstration Propulsion systems and their integration in unmanned aircraft are key enablers for novel systems. TUM LLS with the support of the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Free State of Bavaria has set up a unique UAV propulsion test facility enabling the integrated testing of electric propulsion systems up to small jet engines. Providing the unique features of

the test lab, also thrust vectoring devices may be tested. The test lab has been first utilized for the analysis and optimization of the SAGITTA propulsion system. Featuring highly complex intake and nozzle technologies a thorough test campaign has been conducted to further enhance the propulsion system’s performance.

New UAV propulsion test facility

SAGITTA propulsion test

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Novel Flight Control Devices

Illustration of Coandă flap concept

The Institute of Aircraft Design has achieved major progress in the development of a tool for a functional driven design of advanced flight control systems. Here, advanced flight control systems (AFCS) consist of multifunctional, highlyintegrated control surfaces, including new technologies, configurations and innovative flight control system architectures. To design efficient flight controls systems with highly integrated flight control surfaces, the flight control system architecture – regarding power systems, actuators and flight control computers, among others – plays a special role and has to be considered too. Therefore, a tool for the pre-design of flight control system architectures for a given flight control system configuration is developed, considering the main functional, safety and certification aspects. Finally it can be stated, that this functional-driven, highly-integrated approach enables new design spaces for flight

Research Focus n Szenario- and future analysis n Aircraft design n Analysis & evaluation of aircraft concepts Competence n Szenario technique n Aircraft design (manned/unmanned, military & civil) n Aircraft and system integration and verification (UAVs, prototypes) n Propulsion integration, electrical and hybrid propulsion systems n Operational assessment: noise, airport capacity, cost 138

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control systems and the capability of efficiency improvements in any phase of the flight. In parallel, novel technologies for flight control devices on modern agile UAVs or even new concepts of aircraft configurations are under investigation. In the field of active flow control a separation/ circulation control concept is assessed for highly dynamic flight control purposes. Since the early 1970s this ‘Coandă flap’ concept has been successfully tested under laboratory conditions and it was implemented on a few general aviation test carriers and unmanned prototypes. For the investigation of the application potential on modern (unmanned) largescale aircraft a novel numerical toolset has been developed, combining simplified 2d CFD-models with extrapolation techniques for finite low aspect ratio wings. Overall system performance is assessed by including all relevant system interfaces and dependencies in a 6-DOF flight dynamic simulation implemented in MATLAB/Simulink combining all submodels​ for performance analysis. Trim calculations and dynamic simulations gave evidence for the feasibility in terms of sufficient effectiveness of the studied Coandă flap system for the given low aspect ratio flying wing configuration.

Infrastructure n Integrated aircraft design environment n Laboratory for demonstrator aircraft n Experimental UAS (e.g. IMPULLS UAV) n Propulsion integration lab n Mission simulation n Airport simulation

Courses n Fundamentals in Aeronautics (jointly with the Institute of Helicopter Technology) n Aircraft Design n Fundamentals of Aircraft Operations n Operational Aspects of Aviation Practical Courses n Aviation Scenarios, Technology Evaluation n CAD in Aircraft Design n Aircraft Design Management Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mirko Hornung, Director Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dieter Schmitt, Emeritus Prof.-Ing. Gero Madelung, Emeritus

Administrative Staff Natalie Gulotta Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Christian Rößler Dipl.-Ing. Lykourgos Bougas Dipl.-Ing. Jens Feger Dipl.-Ing. Ekaterina Fokina Sebastian Herbst, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Lampl Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Schinwald Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Speck Dipl.-Ing. Korbinian Stadlberger Philipp Stahl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Sturm Gilbert Tay, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Felix Will Technical Staff John Lewis

Adjunct Professors Dipl.-Ing. Axel Becker

Publications 2015 n C. Schinwald, M. Hornung: An Analytical Approach to Determine Airport Airside Capacity Utilisation: Taking Into Account Arrival-Departure Slot Dependencies, Air Transport Research Society World Conference, Singapore, 2015 n L. Bougas, C. Rößler, M. Hornung; ‘Design and Experimental Evaluation of the Propulsion System for a Low Observable Scaled UAV and Provisions for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring’; NATO STO-MPAVT-230, Rzeszow, Poland, 2015 n K. Stadlberger: Aerodynamic Modelling of an Active Flow Control System for Flapless Flight Control in the Preliminary Design Stages, 5th CEAS Air & Space Conference, 7-10 September 2015, Delft, Netherlands n K. Stadlberger: Numerical Performance Analysis of a Coanda Aerofoil, 64. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 22-24 September 2015, Rostock, Germany n C. Schinwald, M. Schmidt, M. Hornung: Determining Airport Airside Capacity Utilization: A Demand Driven Approach, 15th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, 2015

n S. Herbst, M. Hornung: Development of an Object Oriented Data Model for an Aircraft Design Environment in MATLAB, 15th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, 2015 n Sebastian Speck, Sebastian Herbst, Hyemin Kim, Franz-Georg Stein, Mirko Hornung: ‘Development, Startup Operations and Tests of a Propeller Wind Tunnel Test Rig’, 15th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, 2015 n J. Feger, F. Pozatzidis, M. Hornung: ‘Simulationsmodell zur Bewertung der Missionserfüllung unbemannter Fluggeräte im Vorentwurfsstadium’, 64. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 22-24 September 2015, Rostock, Germany n J. Feger: ‘Sensor-based and mission optimized aircraft design vor UAVs’, Airtec 2015, München

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Flow control and Aeroacoustics Group Numerical and experimental study of flow and sound fields and their control

n The focus of the research group in 2015 was the development and testing of research tools for the numerical prediction of flow and sound fields and for their validation in wind-tunnel experiments.

Sound Radiation from a Railway Tunnel

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach Contact www.aer.mw.tum.de Hans-Jakob.Kaltenbach @tum.de Phone +49.89.289.16397

A hybrid CFD/CAA approach is used to predict the emission of a micro-pressure wave from a railway tunnel that is generated when the compression wave from the train entry is reflected at the exit portal. CFD solutions of the processes in the tunnel and the exit region are coupled with an integral solution of the Lighthill equation using the Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings solver SpySi developed by the group of Prof. Stefan Becker from the FriedrichAlexander University of Erlangen.

Projects Numerische Simulation der Abstrahlung einer Mikrodruckwelle von einem TunnelPortal. Förderprojekt der Dr. Hermann und Ellen Klaproth-Stiftung.

Self-noise from Splitter Attenuators in Large Industrial Exhaust Stacks predictions of the broad band sources are obtained through flow modeling via large-eddy simulation using the com-

Splitter attenuators are used in a wide range of applications, including high-end silencers for power generation systems. With the upstream noise reduced to ever lower levels, the effect of the self-noise generated by the splitter itself – as a bluff body immersed in the flow – becomes critical for the overall performance of the silencing system. The perforated metal covering the silencer cushion has been identified as source for broad band noise above 1000 Hz.The flow in the gap between baffle and casing has been measured with hot-wire anemometry. Numerical

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pressible mutli-block CFD solver NSMB. The far-field sound is predicted with the Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings solver SpySi developed in the group of Prof. Stefan Becker at the University of Erlangen. Projects Marie-Curie Initial Training Network ‘FlowAirS’ Silent Air Flows in transport, buildings and power generation. Subproject ‘LES of exhaust gas systems’ and ‘Aeroacoustics of noise reducing devices for power plant applications’.

Influence of Topography on Wind-Turbine Sites. The wind conditions on the top of the former waste dump ‘Fröttmaninger Berg’ – a hill of 70m height in the north of Munich – are studied in a model experiment in scale 1:350 in the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel of TUM. Roughness elements on the wind-tunnel floor are adjusted in order to model a neutrally stratified boundary layer. Measured profiles of mean and rms of axial speed are compared for different directions of the approach flow. The optimum site with respect to maximum energy harvesting corresponds to a location in the center of the hills top plateau which does not coincide with the highest point where the wind turbine is currently located.

Research Focus n Numerical prediction of generation and propagation of flow-induced noise n Flow control with focus on suppression of flow separation and noise mitigation n Self-noise of splitter attenuators n Wake interaction of wind turbines Competence n Numerical prediction of flow and sound n Experimental investigation of flow and sound fields Infrastructure n Usage of wind-tunnel at the Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics n Test set-up of a microphone array

Projects IGSSE project EUROTECH-Greentech 03-Wind.

Courses n Continuum Mechanics (MSE), 50% n Grundlagen der numerischen Strömungsmechanik n Aeroakustik n Strömungsbeeinflussung n Numerische Strömungsakustik n Praktikum Numerische Strömungs­ simulation n Praktikum Numerische Strömungs­ akustik Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jakob Kaltenbach Administrative Staff Angela Grygier (secretary to the Chair of Aerodynamics) Research Scientists Jithendra Tirakala, M.Sc. Konstantin Vachnadze, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Victor Stein

Publications 2015 n Sebastiani, C., Hantschk, C.-C., Kaltenbach, H.-J.: Experimental investigation on acoustic effects of geometrical modifications of splitter attenuators for power generation systems. EURONOISE 2015/204, Maastricht.

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Institute of Plant and Process Technology Modeling and simulation of chemical processes, equipment design, thermodynamic property data

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein Contact www.apt.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16501

n In 2015 the focus of research at the Institute of Plant and Process Technology was the energy efficient design of chemical production processes as well as innovative design methods for process equipment. After commissioning the 1.2 m diameter packed bed test column in 2014 the gas capacity of the column was successfully increased in 2015. Extensive experimental measurement campaigns were successfully conducted and valuable data for validating numerical models for the maldistribution behavior of packed columns could be achieved. The new high pressure phase equilibrium test rig was operated in 2015 over the whole year to determine the important influence of water on the solubility of technical solvents such as methanol and glycol ethers. Reliable analytical and synthetic measurement techniques were applied such that gaps in the literature of technically important solubility data could be closed.

Packed column test rig (1.2 m diameter)

Process Design The limited availability of fossil resources is leading to an increased demand for energy efficient processes. For this task optimization is a key discipline that aids engineers with designing new processes

New hybrid approach for process optimization

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or revamping existing plants. Process simulations are usually performed with commercial programs, which allow fast and reliable simulation setups but have limited capabilities for optimization. An innovative option would be to use the benefits of both methods; a flexible and customizable optimization platform that is combined with process simulators for an efficient problem setup. To achieve this a hybrid approach is chosen. MATLAB is used for optimization since a variety of local and global optimization routines are available directly or as third party library. As an example, the hybrid approach is used to obtain an optimal synthesis gas production for methanol synthesis with respect to operating expenses. The increased number of objective function calls due to gradient

approximation leads to a high calculation time when compared e.g. to an algebraic modeling approach. However, for engineers far less time is required for problem setup and initialization. Therefore, the strategy shows the potential to substantially decrease the actual man-hours for process design.

Projects n Integrierte Dimethylethersynthese aus Methan und CO2 – DMEEXCO2 (BMBF) n Untersuchung zum Effekt von Strippkomponenten bei Absorptionsprozessen zur CO2-Abtrennung aus Kraftwerksrauchgasen n Mass transfer of CO2 in open algae ponds

Equipment Design Methods

Condensation on a low-finned tube

Equipment design is of increasing importance for enhancement of the energy efficiency of processes. Heat exchangers are the most employed apparatus in the chemical industry. Innovative design can increase transfer rates and thus enable a better heat integration in processes which leads to a reduction of CO2 exhaust. Therefore, the utilization of low finned tubes for condensation of mixtures of hydrocarbons was investigated. Besides an extensive experimental measurement

campaign, condensation on the tubes was also studied with CFD simulations. Together with partners from industry, a model for dimensioning mass transfer columns, based on CAD data of packing elements, is developed and tested at the institute. In addition to tests with the column with 1.2 m diameter at the institute, experiments were also carried out with a column with 2.0 m diameter at an industrial partner’s facility. Projects n Innovative Apparate- und Anlagenkonzepte zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz von Produktionsprozessen – !nnovA2 (BMBF) n CFD-Simulation der Kondensation an niedrig berippten Rohren n Zellenmodell zur Auslegung von Packungskolonnen und Flüssigkeitsverteilern (BFS)

Modeling and Thermodynamic Property Data Electro mobility becomes more and more important in the future. Therefore, fuel cells in cars come into focus of research. A new test stand for measurements of permeabilities through polymer membranes was assembled at the Institute of Plant and Process Technology in close cooperation with an industrial car manufacturer to investigate humidification of air supply for fuel cells. In 2015 a wide range of membrane materials from different suppliers were tested and evaluated such that the most promising candidates for the

Membrane permeability test rig

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technical application could be identified. Based on quantum chemical simulations and statistical thermodynamics predictive computation of thermodynamic and thermophysical property data was performed with the method COSMO-RS for various substances and mixtures at the Institute of Plant and Process Technology. A powerful computer infrastructure provides the required computational resources. In 2013 the high pressure phase equilibria test stand was successfully commissioned at the Institute of Plant and Process Technology. As a first example the system methanol-CO2 was experimentally investigated in 2014 and data which is consistent with literature could be obtained and

was published in 2015. Reliable analytical and synthetic measurement techniques were applied such that gaps in the literature of technically important solubility data could be closed.

Research Focus n Process design n Equipment design methods n Modeling and thermodynamic property data

Courses n Introduction to Process and Plant Engineering n Thermal Separation Principles I & II n Heat and Mass Transfer n Process and Plant Engineering n Equipment Design n Process Design n Modeling of chemical engineering processes n Similarity and Dimensionless Numbers n Lab Course in Process Engineering n Practical Course in Process Simulation n Principles of Refrigeration and Industrial Low Temperature Systems n Paper Technology

Competence n Process modeling and simulation (MATLAB, Unisim Design, Aspen Plus) n Experimental measurement of thermodynamic property data n Predictive computation of thermodynamic property data n Experimental measurement of heat transfer coefficients n Experimental measurement of maldistribution n CFD-modeling and simulation of heat and mass transfer processes n Pilot-scale investigations of apparatus design methods Infrastructure n High pressure phase equilibrium laboratory n Analytical laboratory n Distillation columns (pilot scale) n Condensers & evaporators (pilot scale) n Workshop n Computer room

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Projects n Charakterisierung des Wassertransportverhaltens von Membranen für die Befeuchterentwicklung von PEM Brennstoffzellen n Gruppenbeitragsmethode auf der Basis von COSMO-RS--Profilen n Untersuchung von CO2-Waschmitteln mit einer Hochdruck-VLLE-Phasengleichgewichtsapparatur

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein, Director Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Rehfeldt Emeritus Professors Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Eckhart Blaß, Emeritus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann Stichlmair, Emeritus

Johannes Fendt, M.Sc. Florian Hanuš, M.Sc. Fabian Höhler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Isabel Kiendl Thomas Kleiner, M.Sc. Andreas Rarrek, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Anna Reif

Adjunct Professors Dr.-Ing. Alexander Alekseev Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Großmann

Administrative Staff Melanie Laubenbacher Maria Anna Schmid

Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Büchner Tomas Cahalan, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Umberto Cardella Anna Ecker, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Marian Böswald Christian Gastinger Danuta Styrnik

Publications 2015 n Reif, A.; Büchner, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Äußerer Wärmeübergangskoeffizient bei der Kondensation von Reinstoffen an einem horizontalen Rippenrohr, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 260-269 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Untersuchung der Kondensation von Reinstoffen an einem horizontalen berippten Rohrbündel, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 270-279 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Problematik einheitlicher Betrachtungen des Wärmedurchgangs bei der Kondensation an strukturierten Rohren, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 301-305 n Kossmann, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Moser, P.; Klein, H.: Process study for stripping components in absorption–desorption processes for CO2-removal from power plant flue gases, Chemical Engineering Research and Design 99, 2015, 236-247 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Kondensation von binären Gemischen an horizontalen Rohren, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 1095-1096 n Hanus, F.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Zellenmodell zur Auslegung von Packungskolonnen Teil 1: Untersuchung der Flüssigkeitsverteilung in Füllkörperpackungen, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 1063-1064 n Wild, A.; Engel, V.; Hanus, F.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Zellenmodell zur Auslegung von Packungskolonnen Teil 2: Das WelChem-Zellenmodell zur Berechnung der Maldistribution, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87, 2015, 1103 n Reif, A.; Büchner, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Bestimmung des äußeren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei der Kondensation von Reinstoffen an Rippenrohren, Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Trocknungstechnik und Wärme- und Stoffübertragung, Leipzig, Germany, 04-06.03.15 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Bestimmung des äußeren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei der Kondensation von binären Gemischen an horizontalen Rohren, Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Trocknungstechnik und Wärme- und Stoffübertragung, Leipzig, Germany, 04-06.03.15 n Rehfeldt, S.; Sachsenhauser, T.; Schreiber, S.; Klein, H.: Prediction of Binary Fick Diffusion Coefficients using COSMO-RS, 4th COSMO-RS Symposium, Bonn, Germany, 16-17.03.2015

n Sachsenhauser, T.; Rehfeldt, S.; Eckert, F.; Klamt, A.; Klein, H.: Consideration of Dimerization for Property Prediction with COSMOtherm, 4th COSMO-RS Symposium, Bonn, Germany, 16-17.03.2015 n Rehfeldt, S.; Sachsenhauser, T.; Schreiber, S.; Klein, H.: Vorhersage von binären Fickschen Diffusionskoeffizienten in Flüssigkeiten mit COSMO-RS, Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Fluidverfahrenstechnik und Membrantechnik, Bremen, Germany, 26-27.03.2015 n Höhler, F.; Deschermeier, R.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Bestimmung von CO2-Gaslöslichkeiten in physikalischen und chemischen Waschmitteln mit Hilfe einer Phasengleichgewichtsapparatur, Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Fluidverfahrenstechnik und Membrantechnik, Bremen, Germany, 26-27.03.2015 n Hanus, F.; Hoffmann, R.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: Experimentelle Untersuchung der Flüssigkeitsmaldistribution in Füllkörperkolonnen mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern, Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Fluidverfahrenstechnik und Membrantechnik, Bremen, Germany, 26-27.03.2015 n Fendt, J.; Kender, R.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.: A Hybrid Approach to Process Optimization by Coupling MATLAB with Commercial Process Simulators, CAPE Forum 2015, Paderborn, Germany, 27-29.04.2015 n Büchner, A.; Reif, A.; Estiot, E.; Steinbauer, M.; El Hajal, J.; Rehfeldt, S., Klein, H.: Impact of low-finned tubes on condensation heat transfer and heat exchanger design, ACHEMA, Frankfurt, Germany, 15-19.06.2015 n Peschel, A.; Schmaderer, H.; Schödel, N.; Fendt, J.; Klein, H.: Process development for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether, ACHEMA, Frankfurt, Germany, 15-19.06.2015 n Fendt, J.; Rehfeldt, S.; Klein, H.; Peschel, A.: Hybrider Ansatz zur Prozessoptimierung durch Kopplung von MATLAB mit kommerziellen Prozesssimulatoren, Jahrestreffen der ProcessNet-Fachgemeinschaft ‘Prozess-, Apparate- und Anlagentechnik’, Bruchsal, Germany, 16-17.11.2015

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Continuum Mechanics Group Predictive computational modeling

n The focus of the Continuum Mechanics Group in 2015 was the development of novel models, methodologies and computational tools for quantifying uncertainties and their effect in the simulation of engineering and physics systems. Our work has been directed towards three fronts: a) the calibration and validation of computational models using experimental data, b) uncertainty propagation in multiscale systems, c) Design/control/ optimization of complex systems under uncertainty.

Prof. Dr. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis Contact www.contmech.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16690

A highlight was the organization of the international Symposium on ‘Big Data and Predictive Computational Modeling’ that took place in TUM-IAS during May 18-21 2015. The symposium was sponsored by the European Office of U.S. Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD), the TUM-IAS and the Department of Mechanical Engineering. It included plenary and keynote talks from pre-eminent scientists

in applied mathematics, computational physics/chemistry, computer science and engineering. The event received considerable interest from various communities and an article on it appeared in Volume 48, Number 6 of SIAM news. Videos and slides from the symposium can be found at: http://www. tum-ias.de/bigdata2015/program.html

Excerpt from SIAM news article (Volume 48, Number 6) on ‘Big Data and Predictive Computational Modeling’

Nonlinear Inverse Problems with Applications in Medical Diagnostics This project is concerned with the numerical solution of model-based, Bayesian inverse problems. We are particularly interested in cases where the cost of each likelihood evaluation (forward-model call) is expensive and the number of unknown (latent) variables is high. This is the setting of many problems in computational physics where forward models with nonlinear PDEs are used and the parameters to be calibrated involve spatio-temporarily varying coefficients, which upon discretization, give rise to a high-dimensional vector of unknowns. Our motivating application is biomechanics where several studies have shown that the identification of material parameters from deformation data can lead to earlier and more accurate diag146

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nosis of various pathologies. This project develops Bayesian computational tools that can lead not only to point-estimates of the material properties, but also to a rigorous quantification of the confidence in those estimates. A significant role in this effort is played by novel dimensionality reduction techniques which can identify a sparse set of features. One consequence of the ill-posedness of inverse problems is multi-modality i.e. the possibility of multiple, distinct solutions that fit the data comparably well. We developed adaptive strategies that are capable of accurately capturing the presence of multiple modes.

Coarse-Graining in Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Identification of material parameters using nonlinear, incompressible elasticity models.

(a) Ground truth (reference)

Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a computationally efficient means to study large numbers of atoms over extended spatio-temporal scales. Existing strategies rely on mapping degrees of freedom from micro- to macro-scale, whereas properties are commonly determined as certain point-estimates in the macro-scale. Various methodologies that have been proposed do not account for the information loss which unavoidably takes place during coarse-graining. The joint project ‘Predictive Materials Modeling’ with Hans Fischer Senior Fellow Prof. N. Zabaras (Director of Warwick Centre for Predictive Modeling, University of Warwick) addresses the formulation and development of

(a) Coarse-graining of water molecules

(b) Multimodal posterior mean. Points on the boundary have non-zero probability of belonging to healthy tissue (blue) or tumor (red)

an enhanced, predictive multiscale framework. Our reformulation of coarse-graining follows a data-driven, Bayesian paradigm based on generative probabilistic models. It builds upon: a) a coarse macroscopic description, and b) a probabilistic lifting operator, reconstructing micro configurations from coarse states. This affords a more flexible definition of CG variables, the rigorous quantification of uncertainties associated with using limited training data and various degrees of information loss. Furthermore, it is capable of identifying sparse representations for the CG potential which reveal qualitative, physical features of the CG model.

(b) Proposed coarse-graining scheme

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Reduced-order Modeling for Uncertainty Quantification

(a) True (reference) solution manifold in three-dimensional phase space.

(b) Mixture of local, reduced-basis identified from data. Each color corresponds to a different reduced-basis set associated with a particular subdomain of the input space.

Reduced-basis construction for Kraichnan-Orszag nonlinear ODE with parameters/inputs being the initial conditions and time.

As the physical problems become more complex and the mathematical models more involved, current computational methods prove increasingly inefficient,

especially in tasks requiring numerous solutions as in uncertainty quantification. In the latter case, the difficulty is further amplified by the large number of input parameters (random variables). This project employing advanced, statistical learning tools in order to develop probabilistic reduced-basis models. These consist of mixtures of reduced-bases which can be used to project the governing equations in order to obtain descriptions of significantly lower dimension. The tools developed can learn reduced-bases sets from a limited number of full-scale runs and can simultaneously partition the input and output space so that different response regimes can be computed as well as the most important/sensitive inputs can be identified.

Design in the Presence of Uncertainty

Topology optimization problem. Deterministic (left) vs. Stochastic (right) solutions. The stochastic version accounts for random variability in the material properties

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(a) Deterministic solution

(b) Stochastic solution (mean)

This project is concerned with a lesserstudied problem in the context of model-based, uncertainty quantification (UQ), that of optimization/design/control under uncertainty. The solution of such problems is hindered not only by the usual difficulties encountered in UQ tasks (e.g. the high computational cost of each forward simulation, the large number of random variables) but also by the need to solve a nonlinear optimization problem involving large numbers of design variables and potentially constraints. We propose a framework that is suitable for a class of such problems and is based on the idea of recasting them as probabilistic inference tasks. To that end, we

developed a variational Bayesian (VB) formulation and an iterative VB expectation maximization scheme that is capable of identifying a local maximum as well as a low-dimensional set of directions in the design space, along which, the objective exhibits the largest sensitivity. In cases considered the cost of the computations in terms of calls to the forward model was of the order of 100 or less. The accuracy of the approximations provided was assessed by information-theoretic metrics.

Research Focus n Uncertainty quantification n Random media n Multiscale formulations n Bayesian inverse problems n Design/optimization under uncertainty

Management Prof. Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis, Ph.D., Director

Competence n Computer simulation n Mathematical modeling of stochastic systems

Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Isabell Franck Markus Schoeberl, M.Sc. Constantin Grigo, M.Sc. (Physics) Maximilian Koschade, B.Sc. Mariella Kast, B.Sc. Lukas Koestler, B.Sc. Maximilian Soepper, B.Sc.

Infrastructure n 256core HPC

Administrative Staff Cigdem Filker

Courses B.Sc. n Uncertainty Quantification in Mechanical Engineering (SS) n Modeling in Structural Mechanics (WS) Master n Atomistic Modeling of Materials (WS) n Bayesian Strategies for Inverse Problems (SS) n Journal Club Uncertainty Quantification (WS-SS) MSE n Continuum Mechanics (WS) n Uncertainty Modeling in Engineering (SS) (Top Teaching Trophy 2014, 2015)

Publications 2014-15 n I. Franck, P.S. Koutsourelakis. Sparse Variational Bayesian Approximations for Nonlinear Inverse Problems: Applications in Nonlinear Elastography, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, in press 2015 (to appear Volume 299, 1 February 2016, pp. 215-244). n P.S. Koutsourelakis. Variational Bayesian Strategies for High-Dimensional, Stochastic Design Problems. Journal of Computational Physics, accepted 2015 (in press). n I. Franck, P.S. Koutsourelakis. Multimodal, high-dimensional, model-based, Bayesian inverse problems with applications in biomechanics, in preparation arxiv n I. Franck, Uncertainty Quantification for Nonlinear Inverse Problems in High DDimensions. 2nd poster award, 3rd ECCOMAS International Young Investigators Conference, Aachen, Germany (poster). n M. Schoeberl. A Bayesian Approach to CoarseGraining. Predictive Multiscale Materials Modelling. Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge. 2015 (poster).

n M. Schoeberl, N. Zabaras, P.S. Koutsourelakis. Predictive Coarse-Graining. Predictive Multiscale Materials Modelling. Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge. 2015 (presentation). n I.Franck, P.S. Koutsourelakis. Variational Bayesian Formulations for High-Dimensional Inverse Problems. SIAM CSE 2015, Salt Lake USA. 2015 (presentation). n P.S. Koutsourelakis. Variational Bayesian Strategies for High-Dimensional, Stochastic Design Problems. Big Data and Predictive Computational Modeling, May 2015, Germany (presentation). n M. Schoeberl, N. Zabaras, P.S. Koutsourelakis. Predictive Coarse-Graining. To be submitted to Journal of Computational Physics 2015 (in preparation).

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Systems Biotechnology Group Model-based metabolic engineering for bacterial systems

n Systems Biotechnology combines methods from engineering sciences, microbiology and computational sciences to improve biotechnological processes. The available wet and dry laboratory space is extensively used for applications in model-­based metabolic engineering.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling Contact www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ fg-systembiotechnologie [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15761

One of this year’s highlights was the publication of a review in Trends in Microbiology, which describes mathematical models that are able to reproduce diauxic growth behavior in bacterial systems. This behavior is a hallmark of bacterial regulation and was first discovered by the Nobel laureate J. Monod. These models can be classified according to a number of criteria as regulation dependent, resource dependent, dynamic, or static.

Fundamentals for Experimental Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Cellular Networks

Regulation of transcriptional and biochemical processes in a bacterial cell is essential for surviving in changing environmental conditions and understanding of the events taking place is pivotal for using bacteria in industrially interesting applications. Research of the systems biotechnology group targets different key regulatory devices, like the phosphotrans-

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Two members of our group successfully applied for an add-on fellowship of 12k Euros from the Joachim Herz Stiftung, Hamburg, for interdisciplinary qualification. Furthermore, we launched the SBT site on Facebook and have now reached over 70 followers.

ferase system in Pseudomonas putida or the ComRS two component system in Streptococcus mutans. The experimental information derived either in the group’s own laboratory or by collaboration partners gives rise to mathematic models that contribute to a better understanding of cellular processes. Another research focus lies on the establishment of a co-culture between a photosynthetically active organism extruding sugar molecules together with heterotrophic organisms capable of producing industrially interesting compounds. To this end a photobioreactor is employed which allows cultivation and collection of a vast amount of data used to describe the population-based variations in the overall process. Projects n e:biofilm, BMBF e:Bio initiative; regulatory influence of the PTS on physiology and biotechnological production with P. putida, DFG

Metabolic Engineering of Halophiles: Towards Halomonas elongata as Industrial Producer

The project focuses on ectoine production by the halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata. The reasons for that choice are not only the interest of ectoine as a novel product for medicine and cosmetics but also the potential of H. elongata for further

biotechnological applications. Ectoine is a highly soluble organic molecule that belongs to the group of compatible solutes and is found as an osmotic agent in a wide range of cell types and has also been shown to stabilize and protect macromolecules in adverse conditions. The current applications of ectoine cover a wide range of different fields like biomedicine, cosmetics, support roles in analytic and industrial processes and bioremediation. Projects n OPHELIA – optimization of Halomonas elongate for industrial applications, BMBF e:Bio initiative

Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli: Combing Synthetic and Systems Biology Escherichia coli is the organism of choice for basic research in biotechnology due to the possibility for genetic alterations as well as its simple culture conditions. In two projects together with experimental partners from different places in Munich and Germany, E. coli is used for the production of chemical bulk components or interesting precursors for medical applications. Based on genome scale mathematical models, optimal flux distri-

butions and optimal intervention strategies are determined that makes the processes more efficient. Projects n DynOpt – dynamic process optimization in biotechnology, BMBF, biotechnology 2020+ initiative; SysBioTerp – innovative strategies for a sustainable production of bioactive molecules, BMBF, e:Bio initiative

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Research Focus n Mathematical modeling of cellular systems n Model analysis n Model-based metabolic engineering n Experimental design Competence n Model library for different model systems (metabolic modules, gene expression modules, signaling modules) n Design space analysis n Time hierarchy analysis n Process design Infrastructure n S1 – laboratory (allows work with genetically modified strains) n Photo-bio-reactor system n Standard bio-reactor system n Tecan reader

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kremling, Director Administrative Staff Susanne Kuchenbaur Research Scientists Dr. Alberto Marin Sanguino Dr. Katharina Pflüger-Grau Dr. Dagmar Rother Christiana Sehr, M.Sc. Viktoria Kindzierski, M.Sc. Sabine Wagner, M.Sc. Hannes Löwe, M.Sc. Miguel Valderrama, M.Sc. Sayuri Hahl, M.Sc. Technical Staff Stefan Darchinger

Courses (for Master ‘Industrial Biotechnology’, MSE) n Applied Mathematics n Modeling of Cellular Systems n Analysis and Design of Cellular Systems n Optimization in Biotechnology n Data Analysis and Statistical Models n Exercises in Simulation Studies in Biotechnology

Publications 2014-15 n Heermann, R., Zigann, K., Gayer, S., RodriguezFernandez, M., Banga, J., Kremling, A. & Jung, K.: Dynamics of an interactive network composed of a bacterial two-component system, a transporter and K+ as mediator. PLOS One 9: e89671 (2014). n Pflüger-Grau, K. & de Lorenzo, V.: From the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) to selfish metabolism: a story retraced in Pseudomonas putida. FEMS Microbiol Lett 356, 144-153 (2014). n Wolf S., Pflüger-Grau K. & Kremling A.: Modeling the Interplay of Pseudomonas putida EIIANtr with the Potassium Transporter KdpFABC. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, 178-194 (2015) n Sehr, C., Kremling, A. & Marin-Sanguino, A.: Design Principles as a Guide for Constraint Based and Dynamic Modeling: Towards an Integrative Workflow. Metabolites 5(4), 601-635 (2015)

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n Deuschle, M., Limbrunner, S., Rother, D., Wahler, S., Chavarría, M., de Lorenzo, V., Kremling, A. & Pflüger-Grau, K.: Interplay of the PtsN (EIIANtr) protein of Pseudomonas putida with its target sensor kinase KdpD. Environmental Microbiology Reports 7(6), 899-907(2015) n Valderrama Gomez, M.A., Wagner, S.G. & Kremling, A. Computer guided Metabolic Engineering. In Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols, Springer (2015)

Reviews n Kremling, A., Geiselmann, J., Ropers, D. & de Jong, H.: Understanding carbon catabolite repression in Escherichia coli using quantitative models. Trends in Microbiology 23, 9-109 (2015)

Biomechanics Group Mechanics and permeability of biological (hybrid-)materials

n The mission of the biomechanics group is to: 1. discover new, to date unknown material properties of biopolymer materials; 2. identify the microscopic principles that govern those material properties (mechanics, permeability); 3. apply those principles to synthetic polymers to create biomimetic materials for biomedical applications. The studied biomaterials range from very soft gels such as vitreous humor and mucus to stiff tissues such as cartilage. Accordingly, a broad variety of characterization methods is used in the Biomechanics Group. Biomedical questions addressed include tattoo removal, prevention of microbial infection and reduction of wear in osteoarthritis. In our highly interdisciplinary projects, we work together with chemists, pharmacists,

physicists and medical researchers to generate, characterize and optimize existing and novel biopolymer-based materials and to test their applicability for biomedical or industrial purposes. Highlights in the year 2015 were the development of a molecular repair mechanism for damaged mucins (the main components of e.g. saliva and tears) and the successful transfer of microbial mucus penetration strategies into an artificial microswimmer system.

Prof. Dr. Oliver Lieleg Contact www.imetum.tum.de/ forschung/biologischehydrogele/allgemein [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.10952

Hydrogels as Protective Shields towards Infection We aim at integrating purified mucinbiopolymers into other polymeric materials to harness the anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties of mucins. For this application, the wound gel we are engineering needs to possess well-tailored viscoelastic properties. We also embed nanoparticles for a controlled and prolonged release of drugs that benefit the wound healing process. In the long run, we aim at replac­ ing the biological component by (semi-) synthetic polymers. Wound gel on a skin lesion

Project n Dean’s Innovation Fond optimized purification of anti-viral biopolymers (mucin glycoproteins) from the mucosa of pig stomachs

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Microfluidic Chips for Diffusion Studies PDMS microchips are a versatile platform to study the behavior of fluids on small dimensions. We aim at generating microchip solutions to quantify diffusive processes at the liquid/gel interface. We also try to mimic complex biological interfaces such as the bloodstream/ connective tissue. In collaboration with

medical researchers, we then compare the results obtained from our tissue-on-chip assays to in vivo data. Project n SFB 1032 nanoagents in 3-dimensional biopolymer hydrogels

Microfluidic chip

Material Properties of Bacterial Biofilms around the prokaryotes. This community of biopolymers and bacteria is referred to as a biofilm and constitutes a severe issue in industry and medicine. We aim at quantifying the material properties of bacterial biofilms which includes their mechanics, self-mending abilities and water-repellent surface properties to develop new strategies for the removal of biofilms from surfaces. Morphology of a bacterial biofilm

Bacteria secrete a broad range of biopolymers which form a protective matrix

Projects n SFB 863 mechanics of bacterial biofilms n CeNS mechanisms of biofilm formation

Biotribology and Lubrication In the framework of the IGSSE focus area ‘Biomaterials’ we are studying the mechanical and tribological properties of native cartilage and cartilage substitutes. By exploiting loss and gain of function experiments, we aim to understand what molecular components are responsible for the outstanding mechanical properties of cartilage and which lubricants minimize friction and wear on articular cartilage surfaces. Project n Lubrication, recovery and ageing in native cartilage and cartilage substitutes – LURACS

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Articular cartilage before and after rehydration

Research Focus n Biological (hybrid-)materials n Cartilage and cartilage surrogate materials n Biological hydrogels as selective diffusion barriers n Material properties of bacterial biofilms n Medical applications of nanoparticles Competence n Rheology, tribology n Microfluidics, diffusion measurements n Surface characterization n Purification of antibacterial/antiviral glycoproteins n Cell culture, microbiology Infrastructure n Rheometer, tribometer n Optical microscopes n Profilometer n Scanning electron microscope n S1 laboratory (working permission for genetically modified microorganisms of biosafety level 1) n Laboratory for cell culture n Equipment for protein purification

Courses n Microscopic Biomechanics n Experimental Techniques for the Characterization of Biomaterials n Design Principles in Biomaterials n Engineering Solutions for Biomedical Problems n Lab Course in Cell Cultivation Methods n Biophysics Lab Course for Biochemistry Students Management Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg, Group Leader Administrative Staff Iris König-Decker, Secretary Technical Staff Konstantinia Bidmon, Biolog.-Technical Assistant Sabine Günzkofer, Lab Assistant Research Scientists Fabienna Arends, M.Sc. Kathrin Boettcher, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Grumbein, Benjamin Käsdorf, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Julia Nachtsheim Constantin Nowald, M.Sc Dr.-Ing. Marwa Tallawi

Publications 2015 n D. Walker, B. Käsdorf, O. Lieleg, and P. Fischer, Enzymatically Active Biomimetic Micropropellers for the Penetration of Mucin Gels, Science Advances, accepted (2015) n B. Käsdorf, F. Arends and O. Lieleg, Diffusion regulation in the vitreous humor, Biophysical Journal, in print (2015) n K. Boettcher; S. Kienle; J. Nachtsheim; R. Burgkart; Th. Hugel and O. Lieleg, The structure and mechanical properties of articular cartilage are highly resilient towards transient dehydration, Acta Biomaterialia, accepted (2015) n T. Crouzier, K. Boettcher, A.R. Geonnotti, N.L. Kavanaugh, J.B. Hirsch, K. Ribbeck, and O. Lieleg, Modulating Mucin Hydration and Lubrication by Deglycosilation and Polyethylene Glycol Binding, Advanced Materials Interfaces, published online: doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500308 (2015) n S. Kienle, K. Boettcher, L. Wiegleb, J. Urban, R. Burgkart, O. Lieleg and Th. Hugel, Comparison of friction and wear of articular cartilage on different length scales, Journal of Biomechanics, 48 (12) 3052-3058 (2015)

n F. Arends, S. Sellner, Ph. Seifert, U. Gerland, M. Rehberg, O. Lieleg, A microfluidics approach to study the accumulation of molecules at basal lamina interfaces, Lab on a Chip, 15, 3326-3334 (2015) n M. Maier, K.W. Müller, C. Heussinger, S. Köhler, W.A. Wall, A.R. Bausch, O. Lieleg, A single charge in the actin binding domain of fascin can independently tune the linear and non-linear response of an actin bundle network, The European Physical Journal E, 38(5) 15050 (2015) n F. Arends, C. Nowald, K. Pflieger, K. Boettcher, S. Zahler and O. Lieleg, The biophysical properties of basal lamina gels depend on the biochemical composition of the gel, PlosOne, 10(2) e0118090 (2015)

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Institute of Automotive Technology Vehicle concepts – smart mobility – vehicle dynamics and control systems – driver assistance and safety – electric vehicle components

n The Institute of Automotive Technology deals with all requirements of mobility. All kinds of vehicle concepts are researched, with a particular emphasis on electric mobility. Vehicles are not only considered as a whole but components are also optimized, infrastructure is examined and users are supported by driver assistance systems.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

The Institute of Automotive Technology collaborates closely with partners from industry to ensure that the research addresses current needs and provides both students and PhD students the opportunity to have an easier start there.

Contact www.ftm.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15345

Participants of the conference WKM symposium

This cooperation is not only strengthened in projects but also in various events. For this reason, the so called ‘Forschungsfahrt’ was offered in March 2015, giving industry professionals in-depth insights into the main focuses of research at the institute. In addition, the institute organizes both the annual Conference on Future Automotive Technology, with a focus on e-mobility, and the driver assistance conference, which takes place every two years in cooperation with TÜV SÜD. Furthermore the travelling conference WKM Symposium was held at the institute in July 2015 addressing PhD students both at university and in industry.

Vehicle Components

Vehicle test with the QuadRad

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The research group of vehicle components is concerned with all kinds of vehicles. The requirements and target groups have a wide range. While the institute particularly focuses on the comfort of the driver in the field of trucks, safety plays a major role in small and lightweight vehicles. The department also operates in the field of micro vehicles. A special vehicle for individual transport was developed in 2015: The so-called ‘QuadRad’ is a type of bicycle with four wheels and electric pedal assistance. The vehicle concept

is designed especially for commercial applications. Research in the field of courier services have shown, that the use of electric cargo bikes is more economical compared to cars and bikes. By using a pedelec engine the annual mileage of bicycles can be increased by a factor of 1.8. Thereby the higher vehicle costs can be compensated effortlessly. With the same mileage, an electric cargo bike is more profitable than a car. Compared to a conventional bicycle or a cargo tricycle the QuadRad offers a large transport capacity, with a significantly higher driving comfort and simultaneously increased safety. Projects n Fast development of carbon composite vehicle structures (BIWCFRP) n Region-specific assessment and selection of vehicle powertrain concepts n Vehicle concept for Sub-Saharan-Africa n Truck 2030 – TCO and emission optimized concept for high-cube transportation n QuadRad (e-GAP)

E-mobility and Infrastructure

Live simulation of an electric vehicle using the smartphone app developed by the institute

The main problems of electric cars today are the short range and the lack of infrastructure for fast charging. Furthermore high battery costs lead to expensive buying costs and make electric vehicles less attractive compared to internal combustion engine cars. For these reasons the institute focuses not only on components of electric vehicles but also on fleet tests with electric vehicles in order to analyse the behaviour of different user groups. Thereby the use of all means of transport is included in the research activities and therefore the whole mobility behaviour can be recorded. The aim of these studies is to discover the requirements on electric vehicles for different target groups and places as well as the requirements on the necessary infrastructure.

Within the project VEM the mobility behavior of taxis and commercial vehicles have been tracked with the help of smartphones. Based on a detailed mobility analysis, the potential for an upcoming electrification for various use-cases is assessed. This includes a simulation of both different electric vehicle concepts and the needed charging infrastructure. The proposed simulation model allows to compare various scenarios in a short time, with relatively little effort. This way the optimal charging infrastructure configuration and the ideal battery size is specified. All results are orientated to actual needs that arise within different fields of application. Projects n Developments in the risk analysis of electric vehicles n EEBatt n Second life of lithium-ion vehicle batteries n Prediction of vehicle speed in combination with driver turns n VEM – Virtual electric mobility focused on taxi and commercial traffic in Munich

Driving and Driver Driver information and the driving task itself is crucial with regards to safety. The research in this area focuses on accident prevention and avoidance, and integral vehicle safety. Among other things, a dynamic driving simulator is used in order to carry out driving tests in a virtual environment. Due to this simulation environment the experiments are free from external interference and can therefore be reproduced exactly. In addition, the simulator enables a harmless representation of critical traffic situations and extreme driving manoeuvres. Thus, new systems can be tested in realistic scenarios in

a very early, prototypical stage of the development. Actual driver assistance systems are mainly used on highways. They are highly accepted by the drivers and mostly seen as useful. Special challenges concerning technical systems, coordination and acceptance by the drivers are met in urban traffic scenarios. As driving in an urban scenario is nearly unpredictable, and therefore not useful for explorative studies, we integrated more simulators (truck and car) in a network. Scenarios were developed and tested without any risk for others. Interactions of the urban Institute of Automotive Technology

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Dynamic driving simulator from the inside perspective

traffic is only limited by the number of driving simulators connected to the network.

Research Focus n Vehicle concepts n Smart mobility n Driving dynamics n Driver assistance n Electric vehicle components Competence n E-mobility n Safety n Efficiency n Human-vehicle interaction n Teleoperated driving Infrastructure n 3D Printer n Dynamic driving simulator n Mechanical and electrical workshop n Dynamometer test rig n Battery testing lab n Hardware in the loop test stands n Measurement of driving dynamics n Mobile data capturing via smartphones n Computing cluster

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Projects n Classification of damage risk under the influence of advanced driver assistance systems n Crash-compatibility of micro e-cars n Driving simulator n Specific risk of damage and influence of driver assistance systems on insured damages n Tele-operated driving n UR:BAN – subproject HMI n Modular product system for chassis components of heavy-duty commercial vehicles n Contributions for the validation of simulation results n Energy efficiency of active chassis systems n Energy efficiency of passive chassis systems

Courses n Basics of Motor Vehicle Construction n Road Vehicles: Design and Simulation n Dynamic of Passenger Cars n Design of Electric Vehicles n Technology of Motorcycles n Race Rar Technology

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp, Director Dr.-Ing. Frank Diermeyer Dr. Stefan Andreas Meyer Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Heiden, BMW AG Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Viktor Schaller Dr.-Ing. Herbert Pfab, Liebherr GmbH Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh, AUDI AG Dr.-Ing. Lothar Wech, TÜV Süd Auto­ motive AG Emeritus Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Heißing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Karl T. Renius Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Helmut Schwanghart Administrative Staff Gabriele Weigand Norina Jerg Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Maria Kugler Johannes Betz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benedikt Jäger Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Hann Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Klöppel Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Lohrer Michael Wittmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Schickram Jörn Adermann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Baumann Dipl.-Phys. Fabian Ebert Dipl.-Ing. Lorenz Horlbeck Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Kerler Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Müller Stephan Rohr, M.Sc. Christoph Reiter, M.Sc. Fengqi Chang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Felix Römer Dipl.-Ing. Philip Wacker

Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Stenner Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Bender Christian Angerer, M.Sc. Matthias Felgenhauer, M.Sc. Johannes Stocker, M.Sc. Michael Fries, M.Sc. Sascha Koberstaedt, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Sinning Dipl.-Ing. Martin Soltes Sophie Steinmaßl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Tschochner Dipl.-Ing. Andrea Ficht Thorsten Helfrich, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Simon Schmeiler Michael Schmidt, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Schultze Daniel Wagner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas M. Wenzelis Thomas Zehelein, M. Sc. Dipl.-Ing Lydia Gauerhof Philip Feig, M.Sc. Natalie Richardson, M.Sc. Julian Schatz, M.Sc. Amin Hosseini, M.Sc. Emad Sadeghipour, M.Sc. Dipl.-Medieninf. Sonja Stockert Johannes Wallner, David Wittmann, M.Sc. Technical Staff Günter Anthuber Nina Julius Anna Kröckel Alexa Wawra, M.A. Stefan Dichtl Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Florian Biechl Alexander Suckow Erwin Darnhofer Peter Seidinger Michael König Nelson Vogel

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Publications 2015 n Betz, Johannes, Lienkamp, Markus; Development of a Method for Smart Integration of Electric Vehicles to Commercial Companies. WKM Symposium 2015, TUM n Betz, Johannes, Dominick Werner, Markus Lienkamp; Fleet Management Optimization to maximize Utilization of Battery Electric Vehicles in Companies with local Energy Generation. mobil.TUM 2016 n Dirnhofer, Tobias; Integrale Nutzung von Pre-Crash-Sensorik zur Ansteuerung frontaler Rückhaltesysteme im Fahrzeug – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Eckl, Richard, P. Wacker, A. Bullejos, J. Schlurmann, P. Micek, R. Sennefelder, M. Lienkamp; Potential evaluation of e-traction systems using active battery switching. CoFAT 2015 n Feig, Philip, Klaus Gschwendtner, Markus Lienkamp; Evaluierung des Beschädigungsrisikos von Fahrzeugen im Bereich von Sachschäden. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz n Feig, Philip, Gwschwendtner, Klaus; Schatz, Julian; Lienkamp, Markus; Vehicle Damage Risk Evaluation in Low Speed Accidents. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz n Ficht, Andrea, Lienkamp, M.; Rolling resistance modeling for electric vehicle consumption. Proc. 6th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2015, 775-798, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-09711-0_49 n Ficht, Andrea, Schultze, Andreas; Streubel, Patrick; Lienkamp, Markus; Verbrauchssimulation für ein Elektrokleinfahrzeug zur Analyse von Reifenverlusten. Reifen Fahrbahn Fahrwerk 2015 n Fries, Michael, Michael Sinning, Prof. Markus Lienkamp; Virtual Combination of Commercial Vehicle Modules (Virtual Truck) for Characterization of Future Concepts. CoFAT 2015 n Fries, Michael, Sinning, Michael; Lienkamp Markus; Virtual Truck – Eine Methodik zur kundenorientierten Fahrzeugoptimierung. 4. Internationales Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium Kaiserslautern n Gauerhof, Lydia, Kürzl, Alexander; Lienkamp, Markus; An Approach towards the Interaction between Automated and Manually Driven Cars. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz n Gnatzig, Sebastian; Trajektorienbasierte Teleoperation von Straßenfahrzeugen auf Basis eines Shared-Control-Ansatzes. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Gschwendtner, Klaus, Kiss, M., Lienkamp, M; Prospective estimation of the effectiveness of driver assistance systems in property damage accidents. Enhances Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Göteborg n Gschwendtner, Klaus; Sachschadenanalyse zur Potenzialermittlung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen – von der Unfalltypen-Erweiterung zum Kundenwert. n Hammer, Martin; Safety Potential Analysis of 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells. COFAT 2015, Fürstenfeldbruck n Helfrich, Thorsten, Lienkamp, Markus; Potentiale zur Steigerung der Rekuperation durch aktive Fahrwerkssysteme. Reifen Fahrbahn Fahrwerk 2015 n Hierlinger, Thomas, Johann Unger, Thomas Unselt, Markus Lienkamp; Potential of a pre-crash lateral occupant movement in side collisions of (electric) mini cars. Int. Techn. Conf. Enhanced Safety of Vehicles ESV, Göteborg. Traffic Inj Prev. 2015 Jun;16 Suppl 1:S153-158. n Hierlinger, Thomas; Evaluation der lateralen Pre-Crash-Insassenverschiebung im Seitenaufprall von leichten Elektrofahrzeugen. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015

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n Hosseini, Amin, Florian Richthammer, Markus Lienkamp; Predictive Haptic Feedback for Multimodal Control of Teleoperated Road Vehicles. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2015, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain n Hosseini, Amin, Markus Lienkamp; Methoden zur präzisen und sicheren Steuerung von teleoperierten Straßenfahrzeugen in innerstädtischen Umgebungen. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz München n Hosseini, Amin, Florian Richthammer, Markus Lienkamp; Predictive Haptic Feedback for Precise Lateral Control of Teleoperated Road Vehicles in Urban Areas. IEEE ICRA 2016 – The International Conference on Robotics and Automation n Hosseini, Amin, Prof. Markus Lienkamp; ‘Fahrerassistenzsysteme zur präzisen und sicheren Steuerung von teleoperierten Straßenfahrzeugen in innerstädtischen Umgebungen’. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz n Jäger, Benedikt, Wittmann, Michael; Lienkamp, Markus; Agent-based Modeling and Simulation of Taxi Fleets . WKM Symposium 2015, TUM n Jäger, Benedikt, Michael, Wittmann; Modeling a cities’ spatio-temporal taxi supply and demand: A Case Study for Munich. EVS 29 n Jörn Adermann, Philip Wacker, Markus Lienkamp; Alternative Methoden zur Detektion der Degeneration von Antriebsstrangkomponenten. CoFAT2016 n Kerler, Matthias, M. Lienkamp; A method to define the thermal optimum cell size. CoFAT 2015 n Kern, Daniela, Komplexitätsbeherrschung im Stillstandsmanagement. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Killian, Daniel, Stefan Fischer, M.Sc.; Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp; Dr.-Ing. Ralf Schwarz; Combined control strategy of combustion engine and brake system for enhancing driving dynamics and traction of front driven vehicles. Proc. 6th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2015, 629-645, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-09711-0_39 n Killian, Daniel, Jean-Michael Georg, Markus Lienkamp, Stephan Poltersdorf; Model based traction control with friction adaption for preventing drivetrain vibration during power-hop acceleration process of front-wheel-drive vehicles. 24th International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks (IAVSD), Graz 2015 n Kugler, Maria, Lienkamp, Markus; Development of a Mobility Demand Model for Private Usage under Non-Urban Conditions. 20th European Conference on Mobility Management – ECOMM 2016 n Kugler, Maria, Lienkamp, Markus; Parametric Evaluation of the Emission Savings Potential based on a Mobility Demand Model. 24th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution n Lohrer, Jürgen, Hans-Peter Huber (Student), Dr. Jens Hutzschenreuther (ThinxNet), Markus Lienkamp; Potentialanalyse von innovativen Diensten für vernetzte Fahrzeuge. ZfAW, Zeitschrift für die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette der Automobilwirtschaft n Lohrer, Jürgen, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp; Building Representative Velocity Profiles using FastDTW and Spectral Clustering. Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST-2015) n Lohrer, Jürgen, Lienkamp, Markus; ‘An Approach for Predicting Vehicle Velocity in Combination with Driver Turns’. WKM Symposium 2015, TUM

n López Hidalgo, Pablo, Ostendorp, Max Lienkamp, Markus; Optimizing the Charging Station Placement under Consideration of the User Charging Behavior . EnergyCom 2016 n López Hidalgo, Pablo, Trippe, Annette E. Hamacher, Thomas Lienkamp, Markus; Mobility Model for the Estimation of the Spatiotemporal Energy Demand of Battery Electric Vehicles in Singapore. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2015 n Lutz, Diermeyer, Lienkamp; Rechtliche Aspekte beim (hoch)automatisierten und teleoperierten Fahren. ATZextra 7-2015 n Mardalizad, Aria, Emad Sadeghipour, Markus Lienkamp; Development of a Tool for Automatic Calibration of Material Models in LS-DYNA. 10th European LS-DYNA Conference 2015, Würzburg, 17.06.2015 n Matz, Stefan; Nutzerorientierte Fahrzeugkonzeptoptimierung in einer multimodalen Verkehrsumgebung. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Müller, Marcus, Alexander Zeh, Stephan Rohr, Dr. Holger Hesse, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rolf Witzmann, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp; Evaluation of the aging behaviour of stationary lithium ion battery storage systems for different photovoltaic-driven applications in the distrubution grid. PVSEC, Hamburg n Müller, Stefan Matthias, Stephan Rohr, Carsten Reinkemeyer, Markus Lienkamp; Manipulation of electric vehicles – Impact on the electrical energy storage. CoFAT 2015 n Müller, Stefan Matthias, Carsten Reinkemeyer, Markus Lienkamp; Ermittlung von Manipulationsmöglichkeiten bei Elektrofahrzeugen und resultierende Chancen im Bereich der Security. VDI Automotive Security, Wolfsburg n Richardson, Natalie, Michael Sinning, Michael Fries, Sonja Stockert, Markus Lienkamp; Highly automated truck driving – how can drivers safely perform sport exercises on the go? Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Nottingham, UK n Sadeghipour, Emad, R. Ciardiello, M. Fischer, F. Duddeck., M. Lienkamp; Critical review of the current assessment approaches for frontal crash compatibility regarding the evaluation of structural interaction. International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of the Vehicles, Göteborg, Schweden, 8-11 June 2015 n Sadeghipour, Emad, Wehrle, Erich Josef; Lienkamp, Markus; An Approach for Development and Validation of Generic Simulation Models for Crash-Compatibility Investigations. SAE 2016 World Congress n Sadeghipour, Emad, Bilic, Anito; Lienkamp, Markus; Proposal of a Fundamental Definition for Crash Compatibility. VDI Fahrzeugsicherheit n Sadeghipour, Emad, Benedikt Danquah, Markus Lienkamp; Acceleration-Based Prediction of Compartment Intrusions in Frontal Impacts. crash. tech 2016 n Sadeghipour, Emad, Benedikt Danquah, Markus Lienkamp; Acceleration-Based Criterion for Intrusions in Frontal Impacts. IRCOBI 2016 n Schmeiler, Simon, Lienkamp, Markus; Application of stochastic modeling and simulation of vehicle system dynamics. ChassisTech 2016 n Schultze, Andreas, Lienkamp, M.; Suspension Design of the Visio.M Electric Research Vehicle. Proc. 6th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2015, 79-94, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-09711-0_8 n Schultze, Andreas, Marcus Hauck M.Sc., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp; ‘Fahrzykluserzeugung mit Quer- und Längsdynamik zur Analyse der Energieeffizienz im Fahrwerk.’ 16. Internationalen Stuttgarter Symposium

n Schultze, Andreas, Lienkamp, Markus; Potential of an Improved Energy Efficiency in the Chassis. WKM Symposium 2015, TUM n Stefan Matthias Müller, Johannes Geiger, Matthias Werner, Carsten Reinkemeyer, Markus Lienkamp; Ermittlung von Manipulationsmöglichkeiten bei Elektrofahrzeugen und resultierende Chancen im Bereich der Security. VDI Automotive Security n Steinmaßl, Sophie, Korbinian Müller, Markus Lienkamp; QuadRad – Muscle-Electrically Powered Vehicles. Proc. ‘Innovations for Energy Systems, Mobility, Buildings and Materials’ 5th Colloquium of the Munich School of Engineering, p. 76 n Steinmaßl, Sophie, Daniel Meyer, Markus Lienkamp; QuadRad. Modellregion Elektromobilität Bayern – Statusseminar zum Förderprogramm. Abschlussveranstaltung e-GAP n Stenner, Patrick, Markus Lienkamp; Visio.M – Light vehicle concept for urban electric mobility. Proc. ‘Innovations for Energy Systems, Mobility, Buildings and Materials’ 5th Colloquium of the Munich School of Engineering, p. 12 n Stenner, Patrick, Vitzthum, Lienkamp; Design of a user profile adapted full-vehicle test program of electric vehicles. WKM Symposium 2015, TUM n Stockert, Sonja, Natalie Tara Richardson; Driving in an increasingly automated world – approaches to improve the driver-automation interaction. 3rd International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation (findet statt im Rahmen von: 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics), Las Vegas, USA n Stockert, Sonja, Weise, Sigrun; Michel, Britta; Zimmermann, Andreas; Lienkamp, Markus; Driver’s information needs to supervise an automated fuel efficient longitudinal vehicle control. AHFE 2016 n Tang, Tito; Methods for improving the control of teleoperated vehicles. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Till, Zhi; Markt- und kundenorientierte Entwicklung von elektrifizierten Fahrzeugen für den Markt China. Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2015 n Tschochner, Maximilian, Erik Wilhelm, Markus Lienkamp; Generation, Assessment, and Optimization of Early-Phase Vehicle Powertrain Concepts. Electric Vehicles Symposium 2016 n Tschochner, Maximilian, Erik Wilhelm, Markus Lienkamp; Comparative Assessment and Optimization of Vehicle Powertrain Concepts in the Early Development Phase. Grazer Symposium Virtuelles Fahrzeug n Wacker, Philip, Adermann, Jörn; Wirkungsgradoptimierung im elektrischen Antriebsstrang mittels aktiver Batteriepackverschaltung. CoFAT2016 n Wallner, Johannes, Sebastian Engel, Frank Diermeyer, Markus Lienkamp; Big Data zur prädiktiven Sicherheitserhöhung in Fahrzeugen. 7. Tagung Fahrerassistenz n Wenzelis, Andreas, Schwarz, R., Lienkamp, M.; Optimized roll behavior and ride comfort based on central roll torque distribution on electromechanical anti-roll bars and semiactive dampers and approaches on subjective-objective correlation. 24th International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks (IAVSD), Graz 2015 n Wenzelis, Andreas, Schwarz, R., Lienkamp, M.; Beiträge zur Objektivierung der Wankdynamik eines Fahrzeugs mit aktiven Fahrwerkssystemen. VDI-Tagung Reifen-Fahrwerk-Fahrwerk 2015 n Wittmann, David, Cheng Wang, Markus Lienkamp; ‘Definition and identification of system boundaries of highly automated driving’. 7. Tagung Fahrer­ assistenz München

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Institute of Product Development Processes, methods and tools for developers of technical products

n The focus of the institute in the last two years is represented by the five focused research fields.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann Contact www.pe.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15131

Most projects are situated in the field of innovation & creativity. Together with industrial partners, the institute works on topics like user experience, bio-mimetics and open innovation (represented in three projects). The institute has a long tradition in the field of systems engineering and engineering design processes: In this field, the institute works on four projects within the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 768 and on several projects in collaboration with large companies as well as small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Knowledge and approaches from systems engineering are also transferred to the research field of knowledge management. Facing the challenge of the huge amount of employees carrying knowledge for fulfilling tasks, the structural complexity approach helps handling these domains and deriving measures. Finally, projects on the topic of cost management deal with the challenge of early determination, but least causing of costs.

Innovation & Creativity environment. Research helps to develop sustainable product architectures, find new ideas using methodologies of the Open Innovation toolbox and implements new organizational models following the principles of Open Organization.

Column model of opening strategies

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The current research activities of the Institute of Product Development in the field of innovation and creativity aim at the integration of relevant knowledge from various disciplines of product development. The institute mainly refines design methodologies and adapts processes in companies. An essential component of research are applications within an industrial

Projects n DFG project – KomBi: Communication platform bio-inspired design n KME project – SME specific application of outside-in open innovation n Industry project – Applying TRIZ within the product development process around braking sensory n BMWi project – InnoCyFer: Integrated design and fabrication of customer individualized products in cyber physical manufacturing systems n BMBF project – RAKOON: Progress by active collaboration in open organisations n BMBF project – Web 2.0-based cluster management for MAI carbon n PE seminar – BSH and Motius

Systems Engineering The Institute of Product Development has a long tradition in integrated product development. In recent years, research activities of systems engineering were performed to react on the increasing interdisciplinarity of product development and to benefit from synergies. Research focus of the department is the development of product architectures as an important link between requirements analysis and design of individual components. Methodologically seen, the institute mainly works based on the approach of structural complexity management. A major result in this field is the developed guideline for a market-oriented top-down modularization tailored to machine and plant engineering.

Projects n DFG SFB project A10 – Analyzing the dynamics of cyclic interactions in PSS n Industry project – Development of a market-driven system and product strategy for brake control systems

Market-oriented top-down modularization

n DFG SFB project T1 – Methodology for creating cycle-robust module and platform strategie n KME project – A2TEMP n Industry project – Implementation of a modularization strategy

Development process of mechatronic products

Engineering Design Processes Research activities on engineering design processes focus on the development of efficient procedures for the design of complex technical products and product service systems (PSS). The most important premise when analyzing and improving processes is the company- and situation-specific support of developers. In particular, the underlying product structure, the organizational conditions and the dynamics of internal and external factors for a targeted design process are taken into account. Projects n DFG SFB project A2 – Modeling and evaluating development relationships across disciplines n DFG SFB project B1 – Cycle-oriented planning and coordination of development processes n DFG SFB project C2 – Lifecycle-driven decision methodology in productservice system planning

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Knowledge Transfer & Management right employees. Due to the increasing flow of information and growing amount of unstructured data, this often is an unmanageable challenge. The institute faces this challenge with approaches from system engineering.

Knowledge flows in product development and application

In addition to knowledge transfer between employees and the maintenance of knowledge portfolios, the research focus in this field is making existing knowledge of proven solutions available. A key factor for successful product development is providing the information on best practices within the company and across companies at the right time to the

Projects n BFS project FORPRO2 – Methodolo­gical toolkit for systematic evaluation of design solutions n BFS project FORPRO2 – Processoriented requirements in simulation management n KME project – Systematic development of a company’s knowledge n BMBF project – ConImit: Protection against product piracy n DFG project – Knowledge development

Cost Management In the area of cost management, the early phases of the product life cycle, the cost responsibility of designers and the necessary cooperation between various internal departments and external corporate points are emphasized. Designers and engineers are supported by the research activities of the department for product development in various areas. Thus, methods and tools are designed to enable cost estimates during early phases of product development and to make them thorough and reliable. Cost analysis and optimization

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Projects n DFG project – IVE: Cost analysis and optimization of mechatronic products by evaluating and designing product structures n BMWi/FVA project: – AIDA: Estimation of indirect costs in drive technology

Research Focus n Innovation & creativity n Systems engineering n Engineering design processes n Knowledge transfer & management n Cost management Competence n Structured, analytical approach n Support holistic understanding n Manage structural complexity n Methods in engineering design n Cost optimization in engineering design n Process pragmatism Infrastructure n Precision engineering workshop n Innovation lab for student projects with 3D printer Courses n Product Design and Development n Methods of Product Development n Management of Product Development n Cost Management in Product Development n Complexity Management for Industrial Applications n Management of Business Strategies Lectures in Collaboration with Further Institutes: n Basics of Engineering Design and Production Systems n Modeling and Simulation n Quality Management

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann, Director Dr.-Ing. Markus Mörtl em. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Ehrlenspiel, Emeritus Adjunct Professors Prof. PD Dr. Werner Seidenschwarz Administrative Staff Edith Marquard-Schmitt Brigitte Erhardt Katja Zajicek Eva Körner Robert Weiß Christian Adlberger Michael Riedl Research Scientists Lucia Becerril, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Annette Böhmer Dipl.-Ing. Cristina Carro Saavedra Dipl.-Ing. Nepomuk Chucholowski Dr. Hugo D’Albert Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Gürtler Dipl.-Ing. Helena Hashemi Farzaneh Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Hollauer Maik Holle, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Kammerl Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Kasperek Niklas Kattner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Simon Kremer Dipl.-Chem. Alexander Lang Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Maisenbacher Dipl.-Ing. Ioanna Michailidou Christopher Münzberg, M.Sc. Dr. Mayada Omer Dipl.-Ing. Michael Roth Dipl.-Ing. Lisa Schmid Dipl.-Ing. Danilo Schmidt Dipl.-Ing. Christian Schmied Sebastian Schweigert, M.Sc. Dominik Weidmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Martina Wickel Julian Wilberg, M.Sc.

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Publications 2015 n Allaverdi, D., Herberg, A., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Identifying Flexible Design Opportunities: Getting From a Procedural to an Execution Model. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 91–102). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Bauer, W., Bosch, P., Chucholowski, N., Elezi, F., Maisenbacher, S., Lindemann, U., & Maurer, M. (2015). Complexity Costs Evaluation in Product Families by Incorporating Change Propagation. In IEEE (Ed.), 9th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (pp. 37–43). Vancouver, Kanada: IEEE. n Bauer, W., Chucholowski, N., Lindemann, U., & Maurer, M. (2014). Domain-Spanning Change Propagation in Changing Technical Systems. In M.-A. Cardin, D. Krob, P. C. Lui, Y. H. Tan, & K. Wood (Eds.), First Asia-Pacific Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management (CSD&M Asia 2014) (pp. 111–123). Singapore: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.2014.csdm-asia.net/IMG/pdf/ Domain-Spanning_Change_Propagation_in_ Changing_Technical_Systems.pdf. n Bauer, W., Elezi, F., Roth, M., & Maurer, M. (2015). Determination of the Required Product Platform Flexibility from a Change Perspective. In 2015 9th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) (pp. 20–26). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. n Behncke, F. G. H., Kayser, L., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Matching Product Architecture and Supply Network – Systematic Review and Future Research. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Behncke, F. G. H., Thimet, P., Barton, B., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Influence of Design-for-X Guidelines on the Matching between the Product Architecture and Supply Networks. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Böhmer, A. I., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Open Innovation Ecosystem: Towards Collaborative Innovation. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Böhmer, A., Zöllner, A., Kuhl, E., & Lindemann, U. (2014). Towards an Instrumented Tissue Expander. In P. Ahmed k, R. Jiao, P.-L. Teh, & M. Xie (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE – International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (p. 14). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE. n Browning, T. R., Eppinger, S. D., Schmidt, D. M., & Lindemann, U. (Eds.) 2015. Modeling and managing complex systems: Carl Hanser Verlag. n Carro Saavedra, C., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Increasing the amount of knowledge reuse from engineering design repositories. In Doctoral Consortium of 7th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (DC3K 2015) (pp. 21–30). Lisbon, Portugal. n Carro Saavedra, C., Fernandez Miguel, & Lindemann, U. (2015). A worker-centered-model to understand the factors influencing knowledge application. In 11th International Conference on Knowledge Management (ICKM 2015). Osaka, Japan. n d’Albert H., Venkataraman S., Omer M. (2015). Application of System Dynamics for Modeling Product-Service Systems. In ICETA 2015. Taipeh, Taiwan.

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n d’Albert, H., Carro Saavedra, C., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Elicitation of Requirements for a knowledge-based Framework in Product Development Process. In 11th International Conference on Knowledge Management (ICKM2015). Osaka, Japan. n d’Albert, H., Carro Saavedra, C., & Maurer Maik (2015). Business Knowledge Development using Knowledge Maps. In International Conference on Business and Internet – Fall Session (ICBI 2015Fall). Nagoya, Japan. n Großmann, D. J., Kasperek, D., Stahl, B., Lohmann, B., & Maurer, M. (2015). Supporting PSS Innovation Processes by an Integrating Model Grid. In X. Boucher & D. Brissaud (Eds.), 7th Industrial Product-Service Systems Conference – PSS, industry transformation for sustainability and business. Saint-Étienne, France: Elsevier. n Guertler, M. R., Fleischer, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Structural Analysis for Assessing and Managing Risks in Open Innovation. In Stuttgarter Symposium für Produktentwicklung. Stuttgart. n Guertler, M. R., Saucken, C. von, Schneider, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). How to search for Open Innovation partners? In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (Vol. 8: Innovation and Creativity, pp. 21–30). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Guertler, M. R., Saucken, C. von, Tesch, A.-T., Damerau, T., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Systematic selection of suitable Open Innovation methods. In E. Huizingh, M. Torkkeli, S. Conn, & I. Bitran (Eds.), The XXVI ISPIM Innovation Conference 2015. Budapest. n Guertler, M. R., Schaefer, S., Lipps, J., Stahl, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Archaeonics – How to use archaeological solutions for modern product development. In Design Society (Ed.), Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (Vol. 1: Design for Life, pp. 65–76). Milan, Italy. n Guertler, M. R., Schaefer, S., Lipps, J., Stahl, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Archaeonics – How to use archaeological solutions for modern product development. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (Vol. 1: Design for Life, pp. 65–76). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Guertler, M. R., Wiedemann, F., & Lindemann, U. (2015). The relevance of stakeholder analysis for Open Innovation. In The R&D Management Conference 2015. Pisa. n Hashemi Farzaneh, H., Helms, M. K., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Influence of information and knowledge from biology on the variety of technical solution ideas. In C. Weber, S. Husung, G. Cascini, M. Cantamessa, D. Marjanovic, M. Bordegoni, V. Srinivasan (Eds.), International Conference on engineering Design, ICED15. Milan, Italy: Design Society. n Hashemi Farzaneh, H., Helms, M. K., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Visual representations as a bridge for engineers and biologists in bio-inspired design collaborations. In C. Weber, S. Husung, G. Cascini, M. Cantamessa, D. Marjanovic, M. Bordegoni, V. Srinivasan (Eds.), International Conference on engineering Design, ICED15. Milan, Italy: Design Society. n Hollauer, C., Venkataraman, S., & Omer, M. (2015). A Model to describe use phase of socio-technical sphere of product-service systems. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society.

n Hollauer, C., Wilberg, J., Maisenbacher, S., & Omer, M. (2015). Towards a meta-model for the description of the sociotechnical perspective on Product-Service Systems. In X. Boucher & D. Brissaud (Eds.), 7th Industrial Product-Service Systems Conference – PSS, industry transformation for sustainability and business (p. 6). Saint-Étienne, France: Elsevier. n Holle, M., Maisenbacher, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Design for Open Innovation – Individualization-Oriented Product Architecture Planning. In IEEE (Ed.), 2015 9th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon 2015) (pp. 397–402). Vancouver, Canada. n Kammerl, D., & Bauer, Wolfgang, Mörtl, Markus (2014). Identifikation der Informationsflüsse zwischen Produkt- und Produktionstechnologieplanung. In J. Gausemeier (Ed.), 10. Symposium für Vorausschau und Technologieplanung. Berlin. n Kammerl, D., Enseleit, M., Orawski, R., & Mörtl, M. (2014). Depicting Product-Service Systems in the early phase of the product development. In IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. n Kammerl, D., Malaschewski, O., Schenkl, S. A., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Decision uncertainties in the planning of Product-Service System portfolios. In Amaresh Chakrabarti (Ed.), ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries Volume 2 (pp. 39–48). Bangalore, India: Springer. n Kammerl, D., Schockenhoff, D., Hollauer, C., Weidmann, D., & Lindemann, U. (2015). A Framework for Sustainable Product Development. In M. Matsumoto, K. Masui, S. Fukushige, & S. Kondoh (Eds.), EcoDesign 2015 – Sustainability Through lnnovation in Product Life Cycle Design. Tokio, Japan: Springer. n Kasperek, D., Berger, S., Maisenbacher, S., Lindemann, U., & Maurer, M. (2015). Structurebased System Dynamics Analysis – A Case Study of Benchmarking Process Optimization. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Kasperek, D., Bermond, L., Zaggl, M. A., Raasch, C., & Maurer, M. S. (2015). Structure-based System Dynamics Analysis – A Case Study of Line Process Optimization. In IEEE (Ed.), 2015 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon 2015). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. n Kasperek, D., Lichtenberg, C., Hollauer, C., Omer, M., & Maurer, M. S. (2015). Structure-based System Dynamics Analysis of Engineering Design Processes – A case study. In IEEE (Ed.), 2015 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon 2015). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. n Kasperek, D., Maisenbacher, S., Kohn, A., Lindemann, U., & Maurer, M. (2015). Increasing the reproducibility of structural modelling. Journal of Engineering Design, 27. doi:10.1080/09544828.201 5.1026883 n Kasperek, D., Roth, M., Lozano, C., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Ein Leitfaden zur marktorientierten top-down Modularisierung im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. In S.-O. Schulze & C. Muggeo (Eds.), Tag des Systems Engineering 2015 (pp. 377–386). Ulm: Carl Hanser. n Kosiol, M., Böhmer, A. I., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Case Study: Individualization of a fully automated coffee machine. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Kremer, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). A Framework for Understanding, Communicating and Evaluating User Experience Potentials. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. S.517-527). Milan, Italy: The Design Society.

n Kremer, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Learning from Experience Oriented Disciplines for User Experience Design – A Research Agenda. In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse (pp. S.306-314). Los Angeles, USA: Springer International Publishing. n Kremer, S., Hoffmann, A., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Transferring Approaches from Experience Oriented Disciplines to User Experience Design: The ExodUX Model. In V. Popovic, A. Blackler, & B. Kraal (Eds.), iasdr 2015 interplay, Proceedings (pp. 1163–1175). Brisbane, Australien: International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR). n Lachner, F., Saucken, C. von, Müller, F., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Cross-Cultural User Experience Design: Helping Product Designers to Consider Cultural Differences. In P. Rau (Ed.), 7th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design (pp. 58–70). Los Angeles, USA: Springer. n Michailidou, I., Haid, C., Gebauer, C., & Lindemann, U. (2015). The two-stage storyboarding experience design method. In V. Popovic, A. Blackler, D.-B. Luh, N. Nimkulrar, B. Kraal, & Y. Nagai (Eds.), 2015 IASDR Conference: Interplay (pp. 1470–1485). Brisbane, Australia: International Association of Societies of Design Research. n Münzberg, C., Bennour, E., Venktaraman, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Crisis situations in engineering product development – An understanding from literature. In H. Binz, B. Bertsche, W. Bauer, & D. Roth (Eds.), Stuttgarter Symposiums für Produktentwicklung 2015 (pp. 1–8). Stuttgart: IRB Mediendienstleistungen. n Münzberg, C., Hammer, J., Brem, A., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Crisis Situations in Engineering Product Development: A TRIZ based approach. In TRIZ Future Conference 2015 The 15th International Conference of the European TRIZ Association ETRIA (p. 6). Berlin. n Münzberg, C., Hertrich, N., Frühling, C., Venktaraman, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Crisis situations in engineering product development – A method to identify crisis. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Roth, M., Gehrlicher, S., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Safety of Individual Products – Perspectives in the Context of Current Practices and Challenges. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 113–122). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Roth, M., Guertler, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Identifying and Utilizing Technological Synergies – A Methodological Framework. In A. Chakrabarti (Ed.), ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries (pp. 291–302). Bangalore, India: Springer. n Roth, M., Harmeling, J., Michailidou, I., & Lindemann, U. (2015). The ‘Ideal’ User Innovation Toolkit – Benchmarking and Concept Development. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 249–260). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Roth, M., Kronfeldner, L., Kasperek, D., & Lindemann, U. (2015). A Framework to Assess the Cost Impact of Organization and Processes in Complex Systems. In S.-O. Schulze & C. Muggeo (Eds.), Tag des Systems Engineering 2015 (pp. 217–226). Ulm: Carl Hanser. n Roth, M., Nerb, A., Kasperek, D., & Lindemann, U. (2015). A tool to bridge the gap from functional dependencies to configuration rules translating knowledge on functional restrictions from systems engineers to a configurator for sales and decision makers. In 2015 9th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) (pp. 158–163). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE.

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n Roth, M., Wolf, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Integrated Matrix-based Fault Tree Generation and Evaluation. In 2015 Conference on Systems Engineering Research (pp. 599–608). Hoboken, NJ: Elsevier. n Sadi, T., Behncke, F. G. H., Maisenbacher, S., & Kremer, S. (2015). Integrated Value Engineering – Framework for the Application of Methods for Visualization of Information. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Saucken, C. von, Gürtler, M., Schneider, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). A Method Model for Distinguishing and Selecting Open Innovation Methods. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 203–212). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Saucken, C. von, Wenzler, A., & Lindemann, U. (2015). How to Impress Your User: Guideline for Designing the Product Impression. In A. Chakrabarti (Ed.), ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries (Volume 1, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, pp. 193–203). Bangalore, India: Springer. n Schmid, L.-M., Schäfer, S., & Amereller, Maximilian, Lindemann, Udo (2015). Kundespezifische Analyse des Fahrzeugnutzungsverhaltens zur Ableitung funktionaler Anforderungen. In D. Krause, K. Paetzold, & S. Wartzack (Eds.), Design for X – Beiträge zum 25. DfX-Symposium (pp. 27–38). Herrsching, Germany: TuTech. n Schmidt, D. M., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Product-Service Systems for Increasing Customer Acceptance Concerning Perceived Complexity. In Asian Design Engineering Workshop (A-DEWS) (pp. 77–82). Hong Kong. n Schmidt, D. M., Haas, M., Kammerl, D., Wilberg, J., Kissel, M. P., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Analyzing industrial clusters using measures of structural complexity management. In T. R. Browning, S. D. Eppinger, D. M. Schmidt, & U. Lindemann (Eds.), Modeling and managing complex systems (pp. 41–51). Carl Hanser Verlag. n Schmidt, D. M., Kammerl, D., Preuß, A., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Decision Methodology for Planning Product-Service Systems. In International Conference on Business, Information, and Service Science. Taipeh, Taiwan. n Schmidt, D. M., Kammerl, D., Schultz, B., Schenkl, S. A., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Identification of Knowledge and Processes in Design Projects. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 283–292). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Schmidt, D. M., Malaschewski, O., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Decision-making process for Product Planning of Product-Service Systems. In X. Boucher & D. Brissaud (Eds.), 7th Industrial Product-Service Systems Conference – PSS, industry transformation for sustainability and business (pp. 468–473). Saint-Étienne, France: Elsevier. n Schmidt, D. M., Malaschewski, O., Fluhr, D., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Customer-oriented Framework for Product-Service Systems. In X. Boucher & D. Brissaud (Eds.), 7th Industrial Product-Service Systems Conference – PSS, industry transformation for sustainability and business (pp. 289–292). Saint-Étienne, France: Elsevier. n Schmidt, D. M., Malaschewski, O., Jaugstetter, M., & Mörtl, M. (2015). Service Classification to Support Planning Product-Service Systems. In Asian Design Engineering Workshop (A-DEWS) (pp. 34–39). Hong Kong.

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n Schmidt, D. M., Preißner, S., Hermosillo Martínez, J. A., Quiter, M., Mörtl, M., & Raasch, C. (2015). Integration of User Knowledge Across the Lifecycle of Integrated Product-Service Systems – An Empirical Analysis of the Relevance for PSS Development and Management. In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (pp. 199–208). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Schöttl, F., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Quantifying the Complexity of Socio-technical Systems – A Generic, Interdisciplinary Approach. In 2015 Conference on Systems Engineering Research (pp. 1–10). Hoboken, NJ: Elsevier. n Weidmann, D., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Towards a Framework of an Open Organization. In E. Huizingh, M. Torkkeli, S. Conn, & I. Bitran (Eds.), The XXVI ISPIM Innovation Conference 2015. Budapest. n Weidmann, D., Maisenbacher, S., Kasperek, D., & Maurer, M. (2015). Product-Service System Development with Discrete Event Simulation. In IEEE (Ed.), 2015 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon 2015). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. n Wickel, M., & Lindemann, U. (2015). How to integrate information about past Engineering Changes in new change processes? In 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15) (Vol 3: Organisation and Management, pp. 229–238). Milan, Italy: The Design Society. n Wilberg, J., Elezi, F., Tommelein, I., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Supporting the Implementation of Engineering Change Management with the Viable System Model. In IEEE (Ed.), IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC2015). Hongkong, Hongkong. n Wilberg, J., Elezi, F., Tommelein, I., & Lindemann, U. (2015). Using a Systemic Perspective to Support Engineering Change Management. In Cihan H. Dagli (Ed.), Complex Adaptive Systems (pp. 287–292). San Jose, USA: Elsevier B.V. n Wilberg, J., Hollauer, C., & Omer, M. (2015). Supporting the Performance Assessment of Product-Service Systems during the Use Phase. In Elsevier (Ed.), 7th Industrial Product-Service Systems Conference – PSS, industry transformation for sustainability and business (pp. 203–208). Saint-Étienne, France: Elsevier. n Wolfenstetter, T., Kernschmidt, K., Münzberg, C., Kammerl, D., Goswami, S., Lindemann, U., Krcmar, H. (2014). Supporting the cross-disciplinary development of product-service systems through model transformations. In IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Institute of Automatic Control Model-based analysis and design allow for the successful control of complex dynamical systems

n The institute is focused on both, the development of methods and their application. In order to allow for an efficient control of technical processes, new techniques are devised in nonlinear control, energy­-based modeling and design, model order reduction, as well as adaptive and predictive control. Moreover, a Collaborative Research Centre puts a spotlight on the modeling and analysis of non­technical systems. From an application perspective, highly challenging problems include the treatment of vibrations in automobiles, the robust control of multicopters, the control of unstable robots, and the feedback control of industrial processes.

Active and Semi-Active Suspension Control developments of our research include the development of a nonlinear feedback control in combination with nonlinear state observation techniques. Thereby, different design objectives can transparently be achieved, while design restrictions like state and input constraints can be taken into account. The so-called hybrid suspension system, developed at our institute, is depicted in the figure; it includes a low-bandwidth actuator F(t) and a high bandwidth variable damper dc(t), together with a sophisticated control system.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Boris Lohmann Contact www.rt.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15610

Experiments are performed at two quarter car test stands available in the Institute of Automatic Control.

Active suspension systems can significantly contribute to the comfort and safety of passenger cars by minimizing vibrations acting on passengers and by reducing dynamic wheel load. Recent

Hybrid suspension system controlled by a state estimator and feedback controller

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Model Order Reduction

When a load F(t) moves along an elastic structure, a time-varying high-order model results, which requires reduction before further use in analysis and controller design.

The modeling of dynamic systems frequently leads to large sets of differential equations. The goal of model order reduction is to find a much smaller (reduced) model that preserves the most important properties of the original model. Recent research in our group deals with reducing parameter-dependent systems, timevarying systems and systems of differential algebraic equations. The resulting new methods guarantee high approximation accuracy, while being numerically efficient and preserving important system properties like stability or passivity.

ISS as an example of a high-order flexible structure. (Photo: NASA)

Model Predictive Control for Highly Dynamic Systems

Quadrotor – the designated controller test platform

Within the last decades, immense growth of the available computational power has enabled the embedded implementation of optimization-based control approaches for systems with fast dynamics. The main strength of the model predictive

control (MPC) paradigm is the possibility to systematically consider constraints on the input and state variables. Still, the real-world application of nonlinear MPC remains challenging, as non-convex optimization problems have to be solved online with sufficient accuracy in order to obtain desirable closed-loop dynamics. Currently, a novel control concept for multirotor systems using adaptive and predictive components is developed in collaboration with the Institute of Flight System Dynamics.

Modeling and Control of Distributed Parameter Systems Partial differential equations can be used to characterize systems whose parameters depend not only on time but on a spatial variable as well. Such systems include all kinds of transport and diffusion phenomena as they arise for example in the movement of beams or in air flowing through a tube. Firstly, research is dedicated to a new approach Visualization of the solution of an undamped wave equation depending on one spatial variable and time

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for the identification of parameters in linear partial differential equations. Based on the thereupon parameterized model, secondly, model-based control techniques are applied to achieve a desired dynamic behavior of the distributed parameter system. Currently, research interests are focused on a pneumatic line with nonlinear friction.

Energy Based Modeling and Control One focus of research is the design and application of energy-based control approaches to mechatronic systems. Two examples are velocity- and position-­ control of the mini wheeled inverted pendulum (see section Takagi-Sugeno Systems) and the design of observer-based controllers for linear port-Hamiltonian systems using a dual approach. Another main topic is the modeling and control of

Block diagram with the Dual Observer-Based Compensator (DOBC)

Feedforward control and simulation of the water level in a channel. The upstream inflow rate is computed to achieve a smooth transient at the downstream.

systems governed by partial differential equations. A current DFG project deals with the control design based on spatial discretizations that preserve structural properties in terms of energy and conserved quantities. A modular flexible robot is currently under construction as a lab demonstrator for the developed methods. Our scientific exchange with IIT-Bombay, India (DAAD) continues while EU Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions help to extend our network to France.

Takagi-Sugeno Models and Controller Design Most robotic systems exhibit unneglectable nonlinearities in their system dynamics, which are to be considered in the design process of the controller. One approach is to use interpolated linear models, so-called Takagi-Sugeno models, to represent the dynamics of nonlinear systems and to use these models for analysis and control design. Within the collaborative research centre ‘Zyklenmanagement von Innovationsprozessen’ of the German Research Council (DFG), the modeling and analysis of non-technical dynamical systems is investigated by the use of Takagi-Sugeno models.

Ballbot and wheeled inverted pendulum as examples for unstable nonlinear robots

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Research Focus n Automotive and active vibration control n Model order reduction n Model predictive control n Energy-based modeling and control n Modeling and control of distributed parameter systems n Takagi-Sugeno models and controller design Competence n Mechatronic systems design and control n Feedback control in production systems n Modeling, analysis and control of technical and non-technical processes n Control and optimization n Adaptive and model predictive control Infrastructure n Two quarter-car test stands n Various mechatronic test rigs and robots n Control systems design lab n Electrical and mechanical workshop Courses n Regelungstechnik (Bachelor MW) n Systemtheorie in der Mechatronik (Bachelor MW) n Moderne Methoden der Regelungstechnik 1-3 (Master) n Advanced Control (Master MSPE) n Nonlinear Control (Master MSPE) n Abtastregelung und Computer-Algebra (Master)

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Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann, Director Administrative Staff Regine Markwort Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Nicole Gehring (Head of the PDEGroup) Dr.-Ing. Paul Kotyczka (Head of the Energy-Based Control Group) Klaus Albert, M.Sc. Alessandro Castagnotto, M.Sc. Maria Cruz Varona, M. Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sergio Delgado Christian Dengler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Klaus J. Diepold Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Geuß, M.Sc. Richard Kern, M.Sc. Philipp Niermeyer, M.Sc. Mikhail Pak, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Nils Pletschen Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Stahl Johannes Strohm, M.Sc. Mei Wang, M.Sc. Technical Staff Thomas Huber Ralf Hübner

Publications 2015 n Pletschen, N.; Barthelmes, S.; Lohmann, B.: Joint State-Parameter Estimation for Active Vehicle Suspensions: A Takagi-Sugeno Kalman Filtering Approach. 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Osaka, Japan, 2015 n Castagnotto, A.; Cruz Varona, M.; Lohmann, B.: sss & sssMOR: Analysis & Reduction of Large-Scale Dynamic Systems with MATLAB. MOR 4 MEMS 2015 Workshop, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2015 n Castagnotto, A.: Salami Slicing & H2-Pseudo-Optimal Model Order Reduction. SIAM Student Chapter at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg (VA), USA, 2015 n Cruz Varona, M.; Lohmann, B.: Model Order Reduction of Linear Time-Varying Systems: Some straightforward approaches. MOR 4 MEMS Workshop, Karlsruhe, 2015 n Cruz Varona, M.; Lohmann, B.: Time-Varying Parametric Model Order Reduction by Matrix Interpolation. MoRePaS 2015 – Model Reduction of Parametrized Systems III, Trieste, 2015 n Castagnotto A.; Panzer H. K. F.; Lohmann B.: Stability-Preserving, Adaptive Model Reduction of DAEs by Krylov-Subspace Methods. MoRePaS 2015 – Model Reduction of Parametrized Systems III, Trieste, Italy, 2015 n Castagnotto A.; Panzer H. K. F.; Lohmann B.: Modellfunktionen in der H2-Optimalen Modellreduktion von LZI Systemen im Zustandsraum. GMA Fachauschuss 1.30 ‘Modellbildung, Identifikation und Simulation in der Automatisierungstechnik’, Anif, Austria, 2015 n Pletschen, N.: Nichtlineare Zustandsrekonstruktion in der vertikalen Fahrwerkregelung: Ein Takagi-Sugeno Kalman-Filter Ansatz. GMA Fachausschuss 1.40 ‘Theoretische Verfahren der Regelungstechnik’, Anif, Salzburg, Austria, 2015 n Delgado, S.; Kotyczka, P.: Energy Shaping for the Robust Stabilization of a Wheeled Inverted Pendulum. Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Workshop on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Methods for Non Linear Control, 2015, 19-24 n Trivedi, M. V., Banavar, R. N., Kotyczka, P.: Port-Hamiltonian Modelling for Buckling Control of a Vertical Flexible Beam with Actuation at the Bottom. Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Workshop on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Methods for Nonlinear Control, 2015

n Kotyczka, P., Blancato, A.: Feedforward control of a channel flow based on a discretized port-Hamiltonian model. Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Workshop on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Methods for Nonlinear Control, 2015 n Delgado, S.; Gajbhiye, S.; Banavar R.N.: Reduced equations of motion for a wheeled inverted pendulum. Proceedings of the 8th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical Modelling (MATHMOD), 2015 n Cruz Varona, M.; Geuß, M.; Lohmann, B.: p(t)MOR and Applications for Moving Loads. Proceedings of the 8th Vienna Conference on Mathematical Modeling (MATHMOD), Vienna, Austria (IFAC-PapersOnLine), Elsevier, 2015, 677-678 n Castagnotto A.; Panzer H. K. F.; Wolf T.; Lohmann B.: Advances on the Adaptive Selection of Both Shifts and Reduced Order in H2-Pseudo-Optimal Model Reduction. In Proceedings of the 8th Vienna Conference on Mathematical Modeling (MATHMOD), Vienna, Austria (IFAC-PapersOnLine), Elsevier, 2015, 679-680, Awarded the 2nd prize in the MATHMOD 2015 poster session n Kern, R.; Shastri, Y.: Advanced control with parameter estimation of batch transesterification reactor. Journal of Process Control 33 (0), 2015, 127-139 n Kotyczka, P., Wang, M.: Dual observer-based compensator design for linear port-Hamiltonian systems. Proceedings of the European Control Conference, 2015 n Dietrich, A., Bussmann, K., Petit, F., Kotyczka, P., Ott, C., Lohmann, B., Albu-Schäffer, A.: WholeBody Impedance Control of Wheeled Mobile Manipulators – Stability Analysis and Experiments on the Humanoid Robot Rollin’ Justin. Autonomous Robots, Special Issue on Whole-Body Control of Contacts and Dynamics for Humanoid Robots, 2015

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Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology Computational design and rapid manufacturing of certified devices, mechanisms and robots

Prof. Dr. Tim C. Lüth Contact www.mimed.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15190

n The focus of the Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology is to accelerate the process of developing ideas into products. In research and science, the time required for implementation is a significant factor for success. Therefore, rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing technologies are part of our main research interest. We are systematically developing and analyzing new rapid technologies, as well as applying them in the areas of precision engineering, micro technology and medical device technology. We are systematically validating our research devices to achieve reliable scientific results. In the area of medical technology, we develop according to ISO 13485, certify our devices according to MDD/FDA and perform clinical studies according to ISO 14155. This year a new clinical prototype was developed in cooperation with our long term partner inomed Medizintechnik GmbH. During the ZIM project Intraoperative Tremor Assessment, funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). A sensor module was developed that can assist the neurologist assessing the Parkinson symptoms during the implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. The sensor communicates with the inomed Neuro-Monitoring System and provides essential information, where to implant the electrode and hence possibly improve the operation outcome. The Prototype was developed regarding the medical device directive. Its clinical evaluation with our clinical partners at the Klinikum Groß-

hadern is ongoing. The system is planned to be included in inomed’s product-portfolio at the end of 2016.

Task-Oriented, Computational Kinematic Design

Kinematic synthesis of a compact, origami-inspired spatial car door guidance linkage, which eases getting into a car in cramped parking spots (MiMed)

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The initial and fundamental idea of mechanism and machine theory consist in designing mechanical devices with task-specific mobility and dimensions and represents also one of the basic design methodologies behind mechanical and robotic motion systems developed at the institute. Latest examples of such systems include novel laparoscopic or endoscopic medical devices, assistive transfer devices for elderly people up to specifically moveable car doors. These all rely on mechanical linkages, which are known to form an essential functional basis defining the motion properties of detailed machine designs. In this context, the major goal of the kinematic design group is to provide

computer-aided analysis and synthesis methods that allow for the design and prototyping of novel task-specific motion systems. Due to a task-specific number of degrees-of-freedom such systems may provide robust and energy-efficient solutions in a variety of different technical applications. Recent research results of the group include the development of new computational analysis and synthesis methods for a novel compact class of origami-inspired spatially movable linkages as well as a novel CAD-integrated kinematic design tool addressing virtual

A spherical two-degree-offreedom linkage for the spatial orientation of endoscopes and a corresponding workspace analysis (MiMed)

prototyping of motion systems. Another highlight this year was the 11th German Conference on Linkages and Transmission Systems (11. Getriebekolloquium), organized by the Institute.

Open Dynamic Real-time Interconnection of Medical Devices The rapid progress in the digitalization of devices and systems in the operating room and clinic allows for thoroughly novel methods in diagnostics, planning, therapy, post-operative care and clinical documentation. During an intervention, devices and systems aggregate digital data that could be used for various purposes – say, intraoperatively to support the surgeon or postoperatively for subsidiary documentation of the intervention. However, the interfaces providing this data are not yet standardized and hence cannot be used for automatic processing by other devices. The networks and navigation group at the MiMed has a leading role in the German flagship project ‘OR.Net‘. The goal of this project is the establishment of a communication standard for devices and IT in the operating room and clinic. With its in-depth experience in the field of real time communication and development of real time capable devices, MiMed supports the project in the elaboration of viable solutions for (closed loop) control of time critical devices such as drills, coagulators, shavers, ultrasonic knives etc. The newest results are continuously transferred to MiMed’s lectures. MiMed’s knowledge in the field of regulatory affairs is equally important, as existing strategies and regulations in the field of medical devices must be modified to allow for certification

of open, dynamically changing interconnections. During the course of the last year, the networks and navigation group has elaborated technologies to exchange real time critical data of medical devices over an open and standardized communication infrastructure. To this end, the group has developed several modules allowing the connection of existing devices to the real time communication network. To prove the benefit of data presented in a standardized fashion, the group has developed a module that interconnects two distinct navigation cameras and merges their data to enlarge the visual range of the navigation system. Furthermore, the group has engineered a module that allows the merging and dynamic manipulation of

Plurality of medical devices generating digital data in the operating room (MiMed)

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image data that stem from various image sources. A test platform, specifically designed for the project, is capable of measuring delay and jitter of transferred data to ensure real time capability of all network participants. To address regulatory affairs issues and risk management, the group works on two additional projects: one is a library that generates digital models of the interconnected device architecture based on formal descriptions of the standalone devices. The other is the design and implementation of a database system for the consistent documentation of medical devices – a system that was honored with the best paper award on an international conference of experts.

Data fusion module connecting two navigation cameras with one navigation panel (MiMed)

Technology for an Aging Society – Custom Structures for Wearable Aids Nursing often requires high physical effort of care-givers. Patient transfers, in particular, increase their risk for musculoskeletal disorders. One of our goals is to improve this situation through wearable aids that enhance strength and assist during intense labor. Therefore, we evaluate cutting-edge technologies such as passive strength enhancing textiles, e.g. Japanese Smart Suits, at a cooperating nursing home in order to extract promising principles. Additionally, we collaborate with specialists in orthoses and prostheses in order to acquire the necessary skills to create custom-crafted structures that fit the human body. Combining these approaches we deduce new fields that go beyond the state of the art. In particular, we focus on techniques that produce physically optimized wearable structures automatically based on their biomechanical parameters, for example the automated layout of cutting patterns.

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Rigid custom structure made by handcraft methods (MiMed)

These automated techniques are expected to benefit orthopedic technologies directly as well as improve the physical human-machine interface of wearable robots. These individualized wearable aids will assist during patient transfers and thereby improve the situation of both care-givers and elderly people.

Automated Design Concepts for 3D-Printing One common task in engineering and other technical disciplines is the reali­ zation of ideas as functional prototypes. Since the 1980’s 3D-printing technologies are used for the production of single parts for prototypes. If standard machine elements or complex and personalized structures should be 3D-printed, the most time-consuming and therefore expensive part is the design process. In order to speed up the design process one research area of our lab focuses on design automation. The idea is to implement design algorithms for standard machine elements such as springs, gearwheels, shafts or clips that can automatically adjust the parameters

based on desired mechanical properties, the available 3D-printing technology and the chosen material. Besides the mechanical durability of designed parts we also predict their producibility based on tolerances and limitations of 3D-printing technology, such as layer height, laser focus diameter, minimal wall thickness or minimal gap width. One of last year’s milestones was the publication of a first usable library with basic design algorithms implemented in MATLAB. Ongoing projects focus on design algorithms for the automated individualization of surgical tools and manipulators or the automated design of gear drives.

Test stand with input parameters (MiMed)

Automatically designed and 3D-printed gear drive (MiMed)

Research Focus n Medical navigation and robotics n 3D printing of robots and instruments n Additive production technology n Micro-technological production n Synthesis of kinematics n Assistance systems for aging society Competence n Automatic CAD-construction/MATLAB n Synthesis of joint mechanisms n 3D measurement technology (optical, EM) n Robotics n Mechatronic control n Quality management (ISO 9000/13485) Infrastructure n Precision mechanics workshop (ISO13485) n Micro-technology laser treatment n Additive manufacturing systems (3D printing, FDM, SLS, freeformer) n Certified ER n Electronics workshop

Courses n Microsystem Technology n Medical Device Technology n Automation in Medicine n Admission of Medical Devices n Kinematics Management Prof. Dr. Tim Lüth, Director Dr.-Ing. Franz Irlinger, Academic Director Renate Heuser, Secretary Cornelia Härtling, Secretary Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr. Walter Kucharczyk, IAS Fischer Senior Fellow (Univ. Toronto) Prof. Dr. Gero Strauß, Medical Coordinator (Univ. Leipzig) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joerg Vollrath, Electronics, Olching, Kempten Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Kassim Abdul-Sater Suat Cömert, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Coy Christian Dietz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Math. Max Dingler Tatiana Eliseeva, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Konrad Entsfellner Christina Hein, M.Sc.

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Dipl.-Ing. Michael Horper Franziska Klein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Eva Graf Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Kreutzer Yannick Krieger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ismail Kuru Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Lüddemann Dipl.-Ing. Arne Menz Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Pfeiffer Jelena Prša, M.Sc. (Hons) Samuel Reimer, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Roppenecker Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Rumschöttel Dipl.-Ing. Mattias Träger Dipl.-Ing. Erik Loewe, IND, External Candidate

Technical Staff Gerhard Ribnitzky, Foreman Markus Wörl, Assistant Markus Geltl, Assistant Fabian Haimerl, Apprentice Thomas Weiß-Vogtmann, Apprentice Michael Stanglmeir, Apprentice

Publications 2015 Journal Papers n Abdul-Sater, K.; Winkler, M. M.; Irlinger, F.; Lueth, T. C. (2015): Three-Position Synthesis of Origami-Evolved, Spherically Constrained Spatial RR Chains, ASME Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2015, p. 11, DOI: 101115/1.4030370. n D‘Angelo, L. T.; Abdul-Sater, K.; Pflügl, F.; Lueth, T. C. (2015): Wheelchair Models With Integrated Transfer Support Mechanisms and Passive Actuation, ASME Journal of Medical Devices, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2015, pp. 011012-1 – 011012-13, DOI: 10.1115/1.4029507. n Mehrkens, J.H.; Coy, J.A.; Bötzel, K.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): Intraoperative objective assessment and quantification of rigidity, akinesia, and tremor for optimized target-selection during DBS-implantation in Parkinson’s disease, in: MDS 19th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders. Volume 30, June 2015 Abstract, Volume 30, June 2015 Abstract Supplement. Presented at the Movement Disorders 2015, San Diego, p. 588. n Meining, A.; Roppenecker, D.B.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): Development and Evaluation of a 3D-Printed Overtube System Made for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Volume 81, Issue 5, Supplement, May 2015, pp. AB157–AB158, DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.03.100.

Conference-Papers (Peer Reviewed) n Abdul-Sater, K.; Laudahn, S.; Winkler, M. M.; Lueth, T. C.; Irlinger, F. (2015): Ein Beitrag zur Analyse Origami-Inspirierter, Sphärisch Zwangsgeführter RR-Ketten, in Lüth, T.C., Irlinger, F. and Abdul-Sater, K. (Eds.), 11. Kolloquium Getriebetechnik, Garching (Munich), Germany, 28.-30. September 2015, pp. 125-146. DOI: 10.14459/2015md1276132. n Abdul-Sater, K.; Irlinger, F.; Lueth, T. C. (2015): Three-Position Synthesis of Spherically Constrained Planar 3R Chains, ASME IDETC2015 Conference, August 02.-05.2015, Boston MA, p. 8, DOI: 10.1115/1.4030370.

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n Dingler, M.; Dietz, C.; Pfeiffer, J.; Lueddemann, T. and Lüth, T. (2015): A Framework for Automatic Testing of Medical Device Compatibility, to appear in: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), July 13th-15th, Graz, Austria. DOI: 10.1109/ConTEL.2015.7231211 n Dingler, M.E.; Pfeiffer, J.H. and Lüth, T.C. (2015): A novel real time alarm detection device for the operating room, in: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA 2015), February 17-19, 2015, Queenstown, New Zealand, pp. 490-494. DOI:10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081197 n Entsfellner, K.; Kuru, I.; Strauss, G.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): A new physical temporal bone and middle ear model with complete ossicular chain for simulating surgical procedures, accepted at IEEE Inter­national Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), Zhuhai, China, Dec 6-9, 2015. n Entsfellner, K.; Schuermann, J.; Coy, J.A.; Strauss, G.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): A modular micro-macro robot system for instrument guiding in middle ear surgery, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), Zhuhai, China, Dec 6-9, 2015. n Goerlach, F.; Merkle J.; Lueddemann, T.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Evaluation of Pattern-based Point Clouds for Patient Registration – A Phantom Study, accepted at International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences, Okinawa Japan, 28-30 November 2015. n Goerlach, F.; Lueddemann, T.; Striffler, N.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Multi-Layered, 3D Skin Phantoms of Human Skin in the Wavelength Range 650-850nm, accepted at International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences, Okinawa Japan, 28-30 November 2015. n Graf, E.C.; Kugler, C.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): A Handheld Mechanism for the Facilitated Implant Deployment for the Minimally-Invasive Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), Zhuhai, China, Dec 6-9, 2015.

n Kreutzer, J.F.; Kosch, F.; Ramesberger, S.; Reimer, S.M.F.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): Base station concepts of an automatic fluid intake monitoring system, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), 6-9.12.2015, Zhuhai, China. n Kreutzer, J.F.; Ramesberger, S.; Reimer, S.M.F.; Entsfellner, K.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): Automatically detecting fluid intake using conductivity measurements of beverages in a cup, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering 2015, pp. 1546-1551, DOI: 978-14673-8182-6/15 n Kuru, I.; Coy, J.A.; Lopez Ferrer, F.; Lenarz, T.; Maier, H.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): A new postoperative adjustable prosthesis for ossicular chain reconstruction, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), 6-9.12.2015, Zhuhai, China. n Lueddemann, T.; Schiebl, J.; Roppenecker, D.; Klein, F.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Towards a Logic-Based Extension of a Relational Software Tool for Coherent Technical Documentation of Medical Devices, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering (ISPCE), May 18th-20th, Chicago, USA, pp. 1-6 n Pfeiffer, J.; Dingler, M.; Dietz, C.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Requirements and Architecture Design for Open Real-Time Communication in the Operating Room, accepted at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), 6-9.12.2015, Zhuhai, China. n Prša, J.; Jain, R.; Irlinger, F.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Automatic, Reference-Free and ConformityOriented Evaluation and Interpretation of CTModels, IEEE International Conference on Computing and Network Communications, Technopark, Trivandrum, India, December 16-19. n Prša, J.; Sobreviela, J.; Irlinger, F.; Lueth, T.C. (2015): Software Tool for Detection and Filling of Voids as a Part of Tool-Path Strategy Development for Droplet Generating 3D Printers. International Conference on Computer, Information, and Telecommunication Systems (CITS 2015), Gijon, Spain, 15-17 July, DOI: 10.1109/CITS.2015.7297725. n Träger, M.F.; Krohmer, E.; Krieger, Y.S.; Lüth, T.C. (2015), Automatisierte Konstruktion von Zahnradgetrieben für die Herstellung mittels Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren, in Lüth, T.C., Irlinger, F. and Abdul-Sater, K. (Eds.), 11. Kolloquium Getriebetechnik, Garching (Munich), Germany, 28-30 September 2015, pp. 235–254, DOI: 10.14459/2015md1276149.

Conference Papers n Abdul-Sater, K.; Irlinger, F.; Lueth, T. C. (2015): Ein Ansatz zur Kinematische Mehrposen-/Mehrkörpersynthese, First IFToMM DACH Conference, Dortmund, March 2015, p. 7. n Rumschoettel, D.; Kagerer, M.; Irlinger, F.; Lüth, T.C. (2015), Kompaktmodell für die Charakterisierung eines piezoelektrischen Membrandruckkopfes, MikroSystemTechnik Kongress, Karsruhe, Deutschland, 26-28 Oktober 2015, pp. 485-488 n Weihberger, O.; Krüger, T.; Mattmüller, R.; Coy, J.A.; Lüth, T.C.;(2015): Quantitative movement-parameter assessment with a novel wrist-mounted. sensor integrated measusrement device, in: Tagung Der Sektion Stereotaxie Und Radiologie. Presented at the Tagung der Sektion Stereotaxie und Radiologie, Magdeburg. n Coy, J.A.; Mehrkens, J.H.; Bötzel, K.; Lüth, T.C.;(2015): Messsystem zur intraoperativen objektiven Beurteilung von Parkinsonsymptomen, Nr. FV 650, in 88. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie mit Fortbildungsakademie – Abstracts – Düsseldorf, 23-26 September 2015, URN: nbn:de:101:1-20150901216, n Coy, J.A.; Weihberger, O.; Krüger, T.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): Quantification of Parkinson Symptoms: A Joint Project between Research and Industry, in 9. Aachen-Dresden International Textile Conference 2015,

Conference Poster n Kuru, I.; Maier, H.; Müller, M.; Lenarz, T.; Lüth, T.C. (2015): A new 3D printed functional human middle ear model, 7th International Symposium on Middle Ear Mechanics in Research and Otology, 1.-5.07.2015, Aalborg, Denmark

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Institute of Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering and nuclear safety

n The focus of the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in 2015 followed the research lines started and developed in 2014. Our activity has been dedicated to the development of multi-physics nuclear safety methodologies based on coupled code systems; simulation of the behavior of plant components; experimental two-phase flow thermal-hydraulics; the development of uncertainty methodologies in multi-physics and medical applications, the simulation of nuclear fuel behavior; the development of advanced molten salt reactor concepts, and the development of a methodology for local stability analysis of nuclear reactors. Prof. Dr. Rafael Macián-Juan, Ph.D.

Collaboration with international research institutes (CERN, KIT, ITU, GRS) and university departments was continued in the areas of research of interest for the institute.

The highlight for 2015 was the initiation of the active design optimization analysis of a new reactor concept, the Dual Fluid Reactor (DFR), in collaboration with the IFK Institute in Berlin.

Contact www.ntech.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15621

Nuclear Reactor Safety Analysis of Current and Future Reactor Designs The research in nuclear safety carried out at the Institute focuses on the development and applications of methodologies to support the safe operation of nuclear reactors. The methodologies are based on a multi-physics approach which combines computer codes capable of detailed simulation of different important physical processes that determine the behavior of nuclear systems. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes such as ANSYSCFX and OpenFOAM are coupled in real time with a detailed neutronic description of the core behavior provided by state-ofthe-art, multi-dimensional, time-dependent neutronic programs such as PARCS. The detailed local description obtained of the thermal-hydraulics and neutron flux distribution can be used for full system simulation analysis with codes such as TRACE and ATHLET.

Multi-physics, statistically-based uncertainty and sensitivity methodology applied to experimental assessment of coupled codes (G. Clotaire PhD Work)

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In 2015, this research line has been carried out through projects which focus on the development of uncertainty and sensitivity methodologies for multi-physics applications to the assessment of computer codes in the context of liquid metal fast reactors; the development of an advanced model for turbine modeling based on parameter estimation techniques and online sensitivities; the completion of PhD theses on the simulation of condensation induced water hammers and on the development of a new approach to the identification of unstable behavior in BWRs at the fuel assembly level. Projects n Plant specific dynamic modeling of LWR turbo generator sets by adjustment of general models with measurement data (BMWi) n Development and assessment of methodologies for the analysis of neutron oscillations in PWRs fuel assemblies (BMWi) n THINS Uncertainty analysis applied to liquid lead cooled reactors (EURATOM) n Development of a Methodology for local BWR stability analysis (StMWFK) n SESAME uncertainty analysis applied to liquid lead cooled reactors (EURATOM)

Experimental Two-Phase Flow Thermal-hydraulics

Experimental facility for research on condensation in suppression pools (by Dr. S. Al Issa)

The Institute has built in the past four years an experimental laboratory for two-phase thermal-hydraulic research. A trend for increasing detail in the predictions of thermal-hydraulic coolant and moderator behavior in nuclear safety research is widespread in the world, and CFD codes fundamental tools in this respect. But their performance in nuclear safety applications for current and future reactor designs needs to be thoroughly assessed before

their predictions can be accepted by the nuclear regulatory authorities. The facility at the Institute deals with two very important two phase flow phenomena, such as counter current flow limitations (COLLIDER) and steam condensation (SCUBA). Both facilities can be flexibly reconfigured and, in the course of a PhD work finished in 2015, have been equipped with advance measurement optically-based techniques for the characterization of two-phase interfacial phenomena. Additionally in 2015 a new facility has been built to study the condensation phenomena in suppression pools in collaboration with the Polytechnic University of Madrid. Projects n SCUBA: Experimental Investigation of the condensation phenomena in large steam bubbles at atmospheric pressure (E.On Kernkraft) n COLLIDER: Experimental investigation of counter current flow in a scaled model of the hot leg of a Konvoi-PWR (E.On Kernkraft) n Experimental studies of condensation in the suppression pool of BWR reactors (with U. Politécnica de Madrid)

Development and Design Optimization of the Dual Fluid Reactor (GFR) Concept The Dual Fluid Reactor (DFR) is a new concept of nuclear systems based on the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) design; one of the Generation IV reactor types currently under development. It has been conceived by the Institute of Solid Matter Physics (IFK) in Berlin and has the innovative feature of using a second molten metal as coolant. This configuration possesses many advantages with respect to the MSR and to other current and advanced reactor concepts, which have the potential to make the DFR a competitive reality in the future. Its ability to destroy the long-lived minor-actinides in burnt fuel and its extremely efficient use of nuclear fuel resources are two fundamental characteristics for its attractiveness.

Scheme for the thermal-hydraulic and neutronic simulation coupled multi-physics simulation of molten salt reactor concepts (Xun He PhD Work)

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The Institute has been involved in this design for three years, in collaboration with the IFK, and has performed development and analysis work in the context of two PhD projects that are part of the multi-physics line of research described above, but applied to advanced reactor concepts. Two coupled computer analysis systems based on the codes ATHLET, TRACE-PARCS and SERPENT (Monte Carlo transport code) have been developed which are capable of detailed design optimization and safety analyses of neutronic and thermal-hydrau-

lic aspects of the DFR and of any fluid core-based nuclear system. Projects n Development of a coupled neutronic and thermal-hydraulic model for the Dual Fluid Reactor Concept (molten salt coolant, E.On Kernkraft) n Development of a full system thermalhydraulic and neutronic model for molten core based reactors (E.On Kernkraft)

Fuel Behavior Analysis

Fuel assembly bowing caused by mechanical loads in the core of a PWR. (A. Wanninger PhD Work)

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Fuel behavior analysis is a very important part of nuclear safety research, because the neutronic, thermal and mechanical performance of nuclear fuel decisively influences the safe and economical operation of nuclear reactors. The research activities have continued on the modeling of fuel and in the validation of computer codes that simulate its behavior under a wide range of operating and off-operating conditions. Thus, a project has focused on the investigation of the long-term creep deformation of PWR (pressurized water reactor) fuel assemblies (FA), commonly known as FA bow, by using the finite element method. The research on new fuel types has developed a new version of the fuel performance code TRANSURANUS, in collaboration with the Institute for Trans­ uranic Elements (ITU) in Karlsruhe, for thorium-based fuels ((Th,Pu)O2 and

(Th,U)O2) including the complex phenomenon of fission gas release. Collaboration of the Institute with the CEA and E.On has produced two completed PhDs on LOCA behavior of highly-burn-up fuel, coupling of TRANSURANUS with the neutronics code DYN3D and the on-going PhD work in the behavior of new fuel materials in LWRs. Projects n Development of models for the prediction of thorium based fuel (E.On Kernkraft) n Coupling of TRANSURANUS with DYN3D (E.On Kernkraft) n Experimental and analytical analysis of the performance of nuclear fuel under LOCA conditions (E.On Kernkraft) n Mechanical analysis of bowing in PWR fuel assemblies (E.On Kernkraft)

Research Focus n Thermal-hydraulic and neutronic analysis of current and advanced nuclear systems n Reactor dynamics n Nuclear fuel behavior n Experimental two-phase flow n Radiation transport and radiation protection n Medical applications of radiation n Uncertainty analysis Competence n Nuclear safety analysis n Two-phase flow experimental measurements n Radiation transport and radiation dosimetry calculations n Single and two-phase flow computational fluid dynamics n Nuclear reactor dynamics Infrastructure n Thermal-hydraulic two-phase flow laboratory n Computer laboratory with state-of-theart nuclear safety codes n High-perfomance computer cluster

Management Prof. Dr. Rafael Macián-Juan, Director Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr. Antonino Cardella Dr. rer. nat. Marcus Seidl Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Margitta Franke Petra Popp-Münich Research Scientists Dr. rer. nat. Martin Ohlerich Dipl.-Ing. Suleiman Al Issa Dipl.-Ing. Sabin Ceuca Dipl.-Tech. Math. Matthias Frankl Dipl.-Ing. Dan-Ovidiu Melinte Dipl.-Ing. Clotaire Geffray Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Walser Jose Tijero, M.Sc. Xun He, M.Sc. Xiang Wang, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Wanninger Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing (FH) Jamel Rhouma

Courses n Introduction to Nuclear Energy n Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering n Applications of Radiation to Medicine, Research and Industry n Fundamentals of Thermal-hydraulics in Nuclear Systems n Advanced and Future Nuclear Reactor Systems n Radiation Protection n Nuclear Fusion Technology n Nuclear Safety Seminar n Use of System Analysis Codes in Nuclear Safety n Master Program in Nuclear Engineer­ ing in Collaboration with the INSTN Institute in Saclay, France.

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Publications 2015 n High-fidelity coupled Monte Carlo neutron transport and thermal-hydraulic simulations using Serpent 2/SUBCHANFLOW, Daeubler, M., Ivanov, K., Sjenitzer, B.L., Sanchez, V., Stieglitz, R., Macian-­ Juan, R., Annals of Nuclear Energy, 83, 352-375, September 2015. n Static and transient pin-by-pin simulations of a full PWR core with the extended coupled code system DYNSUB, Daeubler, M., Trost, N., Jimenez, J., Sanchez, V., Stieglitz, R., Macian-Juan, R., Annals of Nuclear Energy, 84, 31-44, July 2015. n Multi-scale uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the TALL-3D experiment, Geffray, C., Macián-Juan, R., Nuclear Engineering and Design, 290, 154-163, July 2015. n Experimental investigation on the causes for pellet fragmentation under LOCA conditions, Bianco, A., Vitanza, C., Seidl, M., Wensauer, A, Faber, W., Macián-Juan, R., Journal of Nuclear Materials, 465, 260-267, June 2015. n Numerical investigation of models for drag, lift, wall lubrication and turbulent dispersion forces for the simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow, Yamoah, S., Martínez-Cuenca, R., Monrós, G., Chiva, S., Macián-Juan, R., Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 98, 17-35, June 2015. n Experimental investigation of countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in a large-diameter hot-leg geometry: A detailed description of CCFL mechanisms, flow patterns and high-quality HSC imaging of the interfacial structure in a 1/3.9 scale of PWR geometry, Al Issa, S., Macian-Juan, R., Nuclear Engineering and Design, 280, 550-563, December 2014. n Assessment of systems codes and their coupling with CFD codes in thermal-hydraulic applications to innovative reactors, Bandini, G., Polidori, M., Gerschenfeld, A., Pialla, D., Li, S., Ma, W.M., Kudinov, P., Jeltsov, M., Kööp, K., Huber, K., Cheng, X., Bruzzese, C., Class, A.G., Prill, D.P., Papukchiev, A., Geffray, C., Macian-Juan, R., Maas, L., Nuclear Engineering and Design, 281, 22-38, January 2015. n Blower gun pellet injection system for W7-X, Dibon, M., Baldzuhn, J., Beck, M., Cardella, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Lang, P.T., Macian-Juan, R., Ploeckl, B., Szepesi, T., Weisbart, W., Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, 1759-1762, October 2015. n Multiscale Analysis of Forced and Natural Convection including Heat Transfer Phenomena in the TALL-3D Experimental Facility, A Papukchiev, C Geffray, M. Jeltsov, K. Kööp, P. Kudinov, D. Grischenko, The 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-16), Chicago, IL, USA, August 30-September 4; 08/2015.

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n Development of a Multi-Scale Thermal-Hydraulic Model of the TALL-3D Facility and Validation with Experimental Data, C. Geffray, R. Macián-Juan, A. Papukchiev, D. Grishchenko, P. Kudinov, International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2015), Nice, France, May 2015. n Preliminary Analysis of Basic Reactor Physics of the Dual Fluid Reactor, X. Wang, M. Seidl, R. Macian-Juan, International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, (ICAPP 2015), Nice, France, May 2015. n Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of the TALL-3D Experiment Using Thermal-Hydraulic Coupled Codes, C. Geffray,·R. Macián-Juan, A. Papukchiev, D. Grishchenko, P. Kudinov, International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2015), Nice, France, May 2015. n Transuranus Burn-Up Extension For (Th,Pu)O2 Type Fuel In Light Water Reactors, J. I. Tijero-Cavia, R. Macián-Juan, M. Seidl, P. Van Uffelen, A. Schubert, S. Brémier, P. Poeml, Top Fuel 2015, Zurich, Switzerland, 13-17 September 2015. n Simulation of Reactivity Initialized Transients at Different Power Levels for Molten Salt Reactor Using Modified TRACE, X. He, M. Seidl, R. Macian-Juan, International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2015), Nice, France, May 2015. n Simulation of the System Dynamics for the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment Using Modified TRACE, X. He, M. Seidl, R. Macian-Juan, International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE23), Chiba, Japan, 17-21 May 2015. n The Risk-rewards Structure of Using Spent Nuclear Fuel in Molten Salt Reactor, X. He, D. Zhuoqi, R. Macian-Juan, M. Seidl, 21st International Conference & Exhibition: ‘Nuclear Fuel Cycle for a Low-Carbon Future’ (GLOBAL2015), Paris, France, 20-24 September 2015. n Micro-hardness and local properties of high burnup UO2 fuel, F. Cappia, A. Schubert, P. Van Uffelen, D. Papaioannou, R. Macián-Juan, V.V. Rondinella, Top Fuel 2015, Zürich, Switzerland, 13-17 September 2015.

Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines Experimental and computational acoustics – vibroacoustic optimization – uncertainty quantification of vibroacoustic systems – structure-fluid interaction – material data identification

n The institute has been created out of an existing group of scientists that moved to the TUM in July 2015. The focus of this professorship will be to set up a research group dealing with all kinds of problems in vibro­ acoustics and adjacent areas. The Institute for Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines was founded on 1 July 2015 with the appointment of Prof. Steffen Marburg to fill the Gerhard Zeidler endowed chair at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technische Universität München. Previously Prof. Marburg was Professor for Engineering Dynamics at the Universität der Bundeswehr in Neubiberg and he moved together with his complete group of seven scientists to Garching. Professor Marburg is part of a national and international network in both academia and industry. Recent collaborations have taken place with the University of New South Wales in Sydney and Can-

berra, the Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi, the Technical University of Chemnitz, the universities of A Coruña, Naples, Concepcion and Vienna as well as with local and international industrial partners from the automotive industry, software developers and other industrial branches. Prof. Marburg is an active member of the German Acoustical Society (DEGA) and one of the chairs of the Technical Committee on Computational Acoustics of the European Acoustics Association. Furthermore, he is Associate Editor of three international journals: Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Journal of Computational Acoustics and Acoustics Australia.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Contact www.vib.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.55120

Scientific Interests with colleagues in mathematics, electrical and civil engineering, medicine, biology and music.

HVAC vibration test in anechoic chamber

The topics of research at the Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Ma­­ chines encompass many applications of acoustics and vibrations. Carrying on from previous activities, the research will be quite interdisciplinary including joint work

Scientific interests require a strong basis of experimental and computational abilities. For this, it is planned to purchase good basic experimental equipment and, in the medium term, an acoustic laboratory including an anechoic chamber and a reverberation room, both connected by a window test rig. Research in computational acoustics will continue developments in the context of finite and boundary element methods as well as development and application of simulation models using commercial software such as Ansys, Abaqus and Comsol. In addition to these activities, the group is well-known and well-experienced in the field of structural acoustic optimization. It has been shown that numerical optimization can easily achieve much better engineering designs than manual engineering work. In recent years, the group has been known as one of the very few groups worldwide Institute of Vibroacoustics of Vehicles and Machines 185

to identify parameter uncertainties on an experimental basis. This technique is quite useful in characterizing and investigating lightweight materials in the context of non-destructive testing for quality management and damage identification. Moreover, the group is experienced in the identification of the material properties of anisotropic elastic lightweight materials on behalf of vibroacoustic experiments. Often, these experiments are much better suited for determination of elastic material parameters than any other method. Simulation model of metal forming tool

The techniques mentioned above can be applied to very different technical problems. Vehicles and vehicle parts are obvious applications. However, in recent years, these vibroacoustic methods have been applied to various different domestic appliances, used for quality management of tool blanks and fruits, simulation of musical instruments and development of

Research Focus n Computational acoustics (FEM, BEM) n Virtual prototyping n Identification of uncertain parameters n Lightweight material characterization n Non-destructive testing for damage detection n Sound propagation in flow n Normal modes in external acoustics n Acoustics in porous media Competence n Vibrational and acoustical measurements n Computational acoustics (FEM, BEM) n Modal analysis n Vibroacoustic simulation n Fluid-structure interaction n Self-sustained vibrations n Structural-acoustic optimization n Identification of admittance boundary conditions

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Simulated mode shape and radiation pattern of a recorder

a numerical method for simulation of a three-dimensional noise barrier. A number of other research projects and topics have been dealt with in recent years. These include non-linear vibration phenomena such as self-sustained vibrations of hand-held electric tools, i.e. mode locking of a rotor, and stick-slip vibrations of a brake system. Another, quite different application is the dynamic behavior of a metal forming tool which will be continued in the direction of fatigue prediction. The group is also active in the field of aeroand hydroacoustics and the problem of sound propagation in moving media.

Courses are currently under development. In the near future, it is intended to offer the following courses n Fundamental Vibroacoustics n Advanced Vibroacoustics (with lab) n Computational Acoustics (with lab) n Vibroacoustic Applications in Industrial Life n Uncertainty Quantification in Vibro­ acoustics Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Marburg Administrative Staff Elke Reichardt Research Scientists Dr. Kheirollah Sepahvand Dr. Monika Gatt Christian Geweth, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Güttler Patrick Langer, M.Eng. Lennart Moheit, M.Sc. Ferina Saati Khosroshahi, M.Sc.

Selected publications Book n S. Marburg and B. Nolte, editors. Computational acoustics of noise propagation in fluids. Finite and boundary element methods. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

Peer-reviewed journal papers n M. Stache, M. Guettler, and S. Marburg. A precise non-destructive damage identification technique of long and slender structures based on modal data. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 365:89-101, 2016. n P. Croaker, N. Kessissoglou, and S. Marburg. Strongly singular and hypersingular volume integrals for near-field aeroacoustics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 77:274318, 2015. n S. M. B. Fard, H. Peters, N. Kessissoglou, and S. Marburg. Three dimensional analysis of a noise barrier using a quasi-periodic boundary element method. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137:3107-3114, 2015. n M. D. Goel, P. Altenhöfer, V. A. Matsagar, A. K. Gupta, C. Mundt, and S. Marburg. Interaction of shock wave with closed cell aluminium metal foam. Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves, 51:373380, 2015. n M. Hornikx, M. Kaltenbacher, and S. Marburg. A platform for benchmark cases in computational acoustics. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 101:811-820, 2015. n S. Marburg. The Burton and Miller method: Un­­ locking another mystery of its coupling parameter. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 23:1550016-120, 2015. n S. Retka, L. Hervella-Nieto, and S. Marburg. Comparison of pressure and displacement formulations for finite elements in linear time-harmonic acoustics. Computers and Structures, 151:49-57, 2015. n K. Sepahvand and S. Marburg. Non-sampling inverse stochastic numerical-experimental identification of random elastic material parameters in composite plates. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 54:172-181, 2015. n K. Sepahvand, K. Nabih, and S. Marburg. Collocation-based stochastic modeling of uncertain geometric mistuning in bladed rotor. Procedia IUTAM, 13:53-62, 2015. n K. Sepahvand, M. Scheffler, and S. Marburg. Uncertainty quantification in natural frequencies and radiated acoustic power of composite plates: Analytical and experimental investigation. Applied Acoustics, 87:23-29, 2015. n K. Swidergal, C. Lubeseder, I. von Wurmb, A. Lipp, J. Meinhardt, M. Wagner, and S. Marburg. Experimental and numerical investigation of blankholder‘s vibration in a forming tool: a coupled MBS-FEM approach. Production Engineering, 9:623-634, 2015. n F. Dietzsch, L. Hervella-Nieto, S. Marburg, R. Rodriguez, and H. Weisbecker. Physical and spurious modes in mixed finite element formulation for the Galbrun equation. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 100:493-512, 2014. n H. Peters, N. Kessissoglou, and S. Marburg. Modal decomposition of exterior acoustic-structure interaction problems with model order reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135:2706-2717, 2014. n K. Sepahvand and S. Marburg. Identification of composite uncertain material parameters from experimental modal data. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 37:148-153, 2014.

n K. Sepahvand and S. Marburg. Stochastic dynamic analysis of structures with spatially uncertain material parameters. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 14:1440029-1-15, 2014. n P. Croaker, S. Marburg, R. Kinns, and N. J. Kessissoglou. A fast low-storage method for evaluating Lighthill’s volume quadrupoles. AIAA Journal, 51:867-884, 2013. n M. D. Goel, V. A. Matsagar, S. Marburg, and A. K. Gupta. Comparative performance of stiffened sandwich foam panels under impulsive loading. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 27:540-549, 2013. n S. Marburg, E. Lösche, H. Peters, and N. J. Kessissoglou. Surface contributions to radiated sound power. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133:3700-3705, 2013. n S. Merz, N. Kessissoglou, R. Kinns, and S. Marburg. Passive and active control of the radiated sound power from a submarine excited by propeller forces. Journal of Ship Research, 57:59-71, 2013. n S. Oberst, J. C. S. Lai, and S. Marburg. Developing guidelines for numerical simulations of brake squeal noise. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 332:22842299, 2013. n H. Peters, N. J. Kessissoglou, and S. Marburg. Modal decomposition of exterior acoustic-structure interaction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133:2668-2677, 2013. n S. Retka and S. Marburg. An infinite element for the solution of Galbrun equation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 93:154162, 2013. n S. K. Saha, K. Sepahvand, V. A. Matsagar, A. K. Jain, and S. Marburg. Stochastic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tanks with uncertain isolator parameters under random excitation. Engineering Structures, 57:465-474, 2013. n M. D. Goel, M. Peroni, G. Solomos, D. P. Mondal, V. A. Matsagar, A. K. Gupta, M. Larcher, and S. Marburg. Dynamic compression behavior of cenosphere aluminum alloy syntactic foam. Materials and Design, 42:418-423, 2012. n H. Peters, S. Marburg, and N. J. Kessissoglou. Structural-acoustic coupling on non-conforming meshes with quadratic shape functions. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 91:27-38, 2012. n K. Sepahvand, S. Marburg, and H.-J. Hardtke. Stochastic free vibration of orthotropic plates using generalized polynomial chaos expansion. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 331:167-179, 2012. n H. Weisbecker, B. Cazzolato, S. Wildy, S. Marburg, J. Codrington, and A. Kotousov. Surface strain measurements using a 3D scanning laser vibrometer. Experimental Mechanics, 52:805-815, 2012. n S. Merz, N. Kessissoglou, R. Kinns, and S. Marburg. Minimisation of the sound power radiated by a submarine through optimisation of its resonance changer. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329:980993, 2010. n K. Sepahvand, S. Marburg, and H.-J. Hardtke. Uncertainty quantification in stochastic systems using polynomial chaos expansion. International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2:305-353, 2010. n D. Fritze, S. Marburg, and H.-J. Hardtke. Estimation of radiated sound power: A case study on common approximation methods. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 95:833-842, 2009. n R. Anderssohn and S. Marburg. Non-linear ap­­proach to approximate acoustic boundary admittance in cavities. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 15:63-79, 2007.

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n J. Baumgart, S. Marburg, and S. Schneider. Efficient sound power computation of open structures with infinite/finite elements and by means of the Pade-via-Lanczos algorithm. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 15:557-577, 2007. n S. Marburg, F. Dienerowitz, T. Horst, and S. Schneider. Normal modes in external acoustics. Part 2: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors in 2d. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 92:97-111, 2006. n S. Marburg. Normal modes in external acoustics. Part 3: Sound power evaluation based on frequency-­independent superposition of modes. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 92:296-311, 2006. n D. Fritze, S. Marburg, and H.-J. Hardtke. FEMBEM-coupling and structural-acoustic sensitivity analysis for shell geometries. Computers and Structures, 83:143-154, 2005.

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n S. Marburg. Developments in structural-acoustic optimization for passive noise control. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. State of the art reviews, 9(4):291-370, 2002. n S. Marburg, H.-J. Beer, J. Gier, H.-J. Hardtke, R. Rennert, and F. Perret. Experimental verification of structural-acoustic modeling and design optimization. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 252:591-615, 2002. n S. Marburg. Six boundary elements per wavelength. Is that enough? Journal of Computational Acoustics, 10:25-51, 2002.

Plasma Material Interaction Group Properties and optimisation of materials facing high temperature plasmas

n The focus of the Plasma Material Interaction Group in 2015 was to finalise the quality assessment of the actively cooled high heat flux components of the new stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, to study the morphology and composition of dust particles in various fusion devices as well as the production and testing of novel materials for plasma facing components.

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu Contact www.pmw.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.3299.1899

Actively cooled plasma facing component during high heat flux test at neutral beam facility GLADIS (Photo: IPP)

A highlight was the successful completion of the quality assessment of the actively cooled high heat flux components for Wendelstein 7-X, which is the world’s largest stellarator built by the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Greifswald, Germany. From 2005 to 2010 a total of 60 prototypes for the actively cooled components were tested. In this period of time a production technology fulfilling the requirements of long pulse operation was developed in cooperation with Plansee SE. The prototypes of the pre-series have confirmed the robustness of the finally selected design and technology. Prototypes specified for long pulse operation at 10 MW/m² were successfully loaded at 30 MW/m² in the high heat flux test facility GLADIS operated by the PMI group. Owing to its two ion sources of 1 MW power each, its 8 m³ vacuum chamber and powerful water cooling, GLADIS offers the possibility to investigate small scale as well as full scale objects loaded with extremely high heat fluxes. From

2011 to early 2015, 86 of the 970 delivered components were evaluated. For this purpose all CFC (carbon fibre composite) tiles were loaded with 100 cycles of 10 seconds duration at 10 MW/m² (see figure). The surface temperature increase of the CFC tiles during the cycling caused by the thermo-mechanical load was evaluated statistically. It was possible to show that the probability of an undetected defective CFC tile is negligibly low. Besides withstanding severe thermal and mechanical loads the armour materials of plasma facing components must be erosion resistant and the retention of hydrogen isotopes must be low. In order to understand and to test material properties, a variety of preparation methods are used, as well as a comprehensive set of techniques for physical, chemical and mechanical characterisation is available within the PMI group.

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Investigations on Composition and Morphology of Dust from Fusion Devices Various erosion processes in fusion devices can lead to the production of dust. Accidental air or steam ingress in future power plants could cause significant production of explosive hydrogen on the reactive surfaces of the dust particles. Furthermore, dust could negatively impact operation when entering the confined plasma. For both issues, its occurrence, morphology and composition is important in order to facilitate safety considerations and to provide input for model calculations. Whereas in devices with graphite based plasma facing components the large erosion through plasma particles leads to thick deposited hydrocarbon layers which eventually flake off, arcs and excessive power loads can create droplets in devices equipped with metals as plasma facing material (PFM). In order to investigate and document the influence of the PFM, dust particles were collected in the three fusion devices ASDEX Upgrade (AUG, Germany), DIII-D (USA) and LHD (Japan) [M. Balden et al., 15. Conf. on Plasma Facing Materials and Components, Aix en Provence 2015]. The three devices involved utilise PFMs ranging from pure carbon (DIII-D), over carbon and steel (LHD) to full tungsten (AUG). For gathering and analysing the dust, the strategy developed over the last years at AUG was applied using Si collectors mounted for one experimental campaign inside the device at various locations. The dust was analysed automatically by a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). For all collectors at least ~5000 dust particles were analysed, providing robust statistics. More than 90% of

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Electron microscopic images (left: surface, right: cross section, produced by focused ion beam) of dust particles extracted from the fusion device ASDEX Upgrade

all particles from DIII-D collectors are composed of C (with contributions of O, B, and N), while in LHD this fraction is below 50% with about 20% of all particles containing more than 5 at% metal (Fe). For the AUG collectors, the fraction of tungsten containing particles is in the range between 50% and 80%. Spherical particles, which are significantly present in AUG and indicate molten metal or strong plasma contact (see figure), are almost missing on the DIII-D collectors and are sparsely present on the LHD collectors. The particle size distribution, which could be described for different classes of dusts from AUG by a log-normal distribution, is different for the dust originating from LHD and DIII-D. Specifically, in the fully graphite covered device DIII-D the frequency of very small and large dust particles is larger compared to that in AUG and the total amount is also larger by 1-2 orders of magnitude hinting again at the different production processes.

Mechanical Properties of Tungsten-fibre-reinforced Tungsten

Cross­section of Wf/W composite after a Charpy impact test: The tungsten fibres show ductile deformation and pull-out leading to increased toughness of the composite

Its combination of unique properties makes tungsten a promising candidate for plasma-facing components in a future fusion power plant. However, its inherent brittleness and corresponding lack of damage tolerance considerably limit its use. A possible solution/improvement is to incorporate fibres in the material producing a kind of toughness, viz. increased resistance to failure. The embedded fibres can bridge or deflect cracks, or plastically deform. During the past years W samples reinforced with coated long W fibres (Wf/W) from drawn tungsten wires could be produced on a laboratory scale (60 x 60 x 3 mm³, 2000 fibres). Charpy impact tests on the ‘as produced’ samples (conducted at Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, TUM) showed increased fracture energy mainly due to the ductile deformation of the tungsten fibres (see figure). Three-point bending tests with ‘as produced’ samples showed stable crack propagation and rising load-bearing capability still after crack

initiation. Interface debonding and crack bridging could be directly observed. Even after reaching the maximum strength no catastrophic failure appeared, but only a reduction of load, revealing the ideal composite behavior. In the view of fusion application this ductility in the fibres might get lost due to accidental thermal overload and the embrittlement through neutron irradiation. In such a fully embrittled case (reached by heating the sample at 2000K for 30min) still crack bridging by the fibres and a rising load-bearing capacity was observed, albeit only up to lower maximum load. These experimental observations prove that the toughening in Wf/W is still effective after embrittlement. The results illustrate that the use of Wf/W could broaden the operation temperature window of tungsten components significantly and mitigate problems of deep cracking occurring typically in cyclic high heat flux loading. Project n Supported by EUROfusion (2015)

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Research Focus n Detailed understanding of complex interaction processes between plasma and material n Development of novel materials with improved properties n Integration of new materials into plasma-facing components

Courses n Plasma Physics for Engineers n Plasma Material Interaction

Competence n Measurement and modeling of erosion, surface composition and hydrogen retention of materials n Laboratory scale production of thin coatings n Laboratory scale production of tungsten fibre reinforced materials n Performance and analysis of high heat flux tests of inertially and actively cooled materials and components n Thermo-mechanical analysis of high heat flux components

Management Prof. Dr. Rudolf Neu

Infrastructure n Accelerator for surface analysis n High heat flux ion beam test stand n Manipulator in the fusion device ASDEX Upgrade n Scanning electron microscopy (SEM with Focused ion beam (FIB), Energy Disp. X-ray spectrosc. (EDX), Electron Backsc. Diffract.(EBSD)) n Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) n X-ray Diffraction (XRD) n Confocal laser scanning microscope n Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) n Magnetron sputter devices n Vacuum ovens for thermal desorption

Research Group at: Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik funded by MPG/HGF and supported by EUROfusion

Research Scientists (MPI für Plasmaphysik) Dr. rer. nat. Martin Balden Dipl.-Phys. Stefan Elgeti Dipl.-Ing. Hanns Gietl Dipl.-Ing. Henri Greuner Georg Holzner, B.Sc. Dipl.-Phys. Till Höschen Dipl.-Chem. Freimut Koch Dr. rer. nat. Karl Krieger Dr.-Ing. Muyan Li Dr. rer. nat. Hans Maier Dipl.-Ing. Alexander von Müller Dr.-Ing. Johann Riesch Dr. rer. nat. Volker Rohde apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jeong-Ha You Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Bernd Böswirth Gabriele Matern

Publications 2015 n L. Frassinetti, D. Dodt, M.N.A. Beurskens, A Sirinelli, J. Boom, et al., ‘Effect of nitrogen seeding on the ELM energy losses in JET with the ITER-like wall’, Nucl. Fusion 55 (2015) 023007 n M.J. Leyland, M.N.A. Beurskens, L. Frassinetti, C. Giroud, S. Jachmich,et al., ‘The H-mode pedestal structure and its role on confinement in JET with a carbon and metal wall’, Nucl. Fusion 55 (2015) 013019 n F. Romanelli, M.. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Aftanas, M. Afzal, et al., ‘Overview of the JET results’, Nucl. Fusion 55 (2015) 104001

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n A. Hakola, S. Koivuranta, J. Likonen, A. Herrmann, H. Maier, M. Mayer,, et al., ‘Erosion of tungsten and steel in the main chamber of ASDEX Upgrade’, Journ. Nucl. Mater. 463 (2015) 162 n M. Turnyanskiy, R. Neu, R. Albanese, C. Bachmann, S. Brezinsek, et al., ‘A roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy – mission for solutions on heatexhaust systems’, Fusion Eng. Design 98-99 (2015) 361 n P. Paris, K. Piip, A. Hakola, M. Laan, M. Aints, et al., ‘LIBS characterization of ASDEX Upgrade samples’, Fusion Eng. Design 98-99 (2015) 1349

Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Group Modelling and simulation of thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in energy and process technology

n In 2015 the formulation of state space models for combustion dynamic and acoustic phenomena made significant progress. Focus was also on quantification of noise and uncertainty in thermo- and aero-acoustics. Highlights n Extended visit by Dr. Luca Magri (U. Cambridge/U. Stanford) in January/ February n Extended visit by Prof. Arun Tangirala (IIT Madras) in June/July n Contributed ‘Six Lectures on Thermoacoustic Combustion Instability’ to the 21st CISM-IUTAM Int’l Summer School on ‘Measurement, analysis and passive control of thermoacoustic oscillations’ in June n Participation in the SFB/TRR40 Summer Program 2015 with a project

on ‘Hybrid CFD/low order modeling of thermoacoustic limit cycles’ in collaboration with E. Gopalakrishnan and R. I. Sujith (IIT Madras) n Contributed two lectures on identification of noise and uncertainty in aero-acoustics to a VKI lecture series on ‘Progress in simulation, control and reduction of ventilation noise’ in November. n Since December 2015, W. Polifke is Editor in Chief of the ‘In’tl J. of Spray and Combustion Dynamics’

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D. Contact www.tfd.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16216 +49.89.289.16217

State-Space-Models for Combustion Dynamics and Acoustics Long-term efforts to develop state-space formulations for generation, transmission and scattering of sound in ducted configurations made very significant progress in 2015. A unified framework for integration of a wide range of models in the in-house acoustic toolbox taX was developed. Generation, propagation and dissipation of sound in combustion chambers, ventilation ducts or exhaust systems may now be modelled in a flexible and very efficient manner. Powerful tools are now available for the analysis of thermo- or aero-acoustic instabilities. State-space models also played a crucial role in the development of robust, flexible time-domain impedance boundary conditions for numerical simulation of compressible flows. The new boundary

Phase portrait of velocity during period-2 oscillation of unstable premix flame with compressible (blue) and incompressible (red) flow model (from Jaensch et al, 2015)

conditions made possible for the first time the investigation of nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation studies of unstable premixed flames with CFD. Projects n FVV, SFB/TRR40

Identification of Noise and Uncertainty Significant progress was achieved in the concurrent identification of noise sources and acoustic scattering in ducted flows. Advanced tools from system identifcation were combined with high performance computation of compressible, turbulent flow. Both the power spectral distribution

of noise generated from turbulent fluctuations as well as the coefficients of the acoustic scattering matrix were determined in a wide range of frequencies from a single large eddy simulation. Moreover, the uncertainty resulting from the limited amount of time series data could be Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Group

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quantified in terms of confidence intervalls for model parameters, which were deduced by residual analysis. Application of this approach to turbulent flames is the topic of an ongoing joint research project with Ecole Centrale in Paris. In collaboration with visiting scientist Luca Magri, post-doctoral researcher Camilo Silva quantified the uncertainties of thermoacoustic stability analysis with a high-order adjoint formulation for the nonlinear eigenvalue problem that results from the combination of a time-lagged model for the flame dynamics with a Helmholtz solver for combustion chamber acoustics. This approach promises to confidently assess the thermoacoustic stability of configurations of applied interest with high accuracy and efficieny.

Power spectral distribution of noise source downstream of an orifice in ducted flow. Identified model (with confidence band) vs. spectral analysis of LES time series (from Sovardi et al, 2015)

Projects n Marie Curie FP7 IPN FlowAirs, DFG/ ANR NoiseDyn, SFB/TRR40

Research Focus n Combustion dynamics n Thermo- and aero-acoustics n Stability analysis n Mixing and reaction in turbulent flows n Polydisperse multi-phase flows

Management Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph. D.

Competence n Thermo-fluid dynamics n Combustion modeling n Large eddy simulation n System identification n Stability analysis n Low-order acoustic modeling

Research Scientists Alp Albayrak, M.Sc. Javier Achury, M.Sc. Alexander Avdonin, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Bomberg Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Emmert Kilian Förner, M.Sc. Alfredo Hernandez, M. Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Jaensch Joohwa Sarah Lee, M.Sc. Malte Merk, M. Sc. Driek Rouwenhorst, M. Sc. Camilo Silva, Ph.D. Carlo Sovardi, M. Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Steinbacher Lin Strobio Chen, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Armin Witte

Infrastructure n Compute cluster Courses n Engineering Thermodynamics n Wärmetransportphänomene n Wärme- und Stoffübertragung n Grundlagen der Mehrphasenströmung n Grundlagen der numerischen TFD n Computational Thermo-Fluid Dynamics n Simulation of Thermofluids with OpenSource Tools 194

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Administrative Staff Helga Bassett Dipl.Ing. (FH) Sigrid Schulz-Reichwald

Publications 2015 n Acher, T., Lenz, S., Gobert, C., Dems, P., Polifke, W., 2015. Numerische Simulation von Hydrodynamik und Stoffübergang in polydispersen Blasensäulenströmungen mit Hilfe einer Momentenmethode, Processnet – Jahrestreffen der Fachgruppen Computational Fluid Dynamics und Mehrphasenströmungen, 6092. VDI, Lüneburg, Germany. n Achury, J., Polifke, W., 2015. Theoretical Investigation of the Particle Response to an Acoustic Field, 14th Workshop on Two-Phase Flow Predictions. Halle. n Albayrak, A., Polifke, W., 2015. On the propagation velocity of swirl waves in annular flows, 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV22). IIAV, Florence, Italy. n Boden, H., Polifke, W., 2015. Uncertainty quantification applied to aeroacoustic predictions, Schram, C. (Ed.), Progress in Simulation, Control and Reduction of Ventilation Noise, VKI Lecture Series 2015. Rhode-St-Genèse, BE. n Bomberg, S., Emmert, T., Polifke, W., 2015. Thermal Versus Acoustic Response of Velocity Sensitive Premixed Flames. Proc. Combust. Inst. 35, 3185–3192. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.032. n Collonval, F., 2015. Modeling of auto-ignition and NOx formation in turbulent reacting flows (PhD Thesis). Technische Universität München. n Emmert, T., Bomberg, S., Polifke, W., 2015. Intrinsic Thermoacoustic Instability of Premixed Flames. Combust. Flame 162, 75–85. doi:10.1016/j. combustflame. 2014.06.008 n Förner, K., Cárdenas Miranda, A., Polifke, W., 2015. Mapping the Influence of Acoustic Resonators on Rocket Engine Combustion Stability. Journal of Propulsion and Power 31, 1159–1166. doi:10.2514/1. B35660 n Förner, K., Polifke, W., 2015. Aero-Acoustic Characterization of Helmholtz Resonators in the Linear Regime with System Identification, 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV22). Florence, Italy. n Förner, K., Temiz, M.A., Polifke, W., Lopez Arteaga, I., Hirschberg, A., 2015. On the Non-Linear Influence of the Edge Geometry on Vortex Shedding in Helmholtz Resonators, 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV22). Florence, Italy. n Holzinger, T., Baumgartner, A., Polifke, W., 2015. A quasi-one-dimensional model of thermoacoustics in the presence of mean flow. Journal of Sound and Vibration 335, 204–228. doi:10.1016/j. jsv.2014.07.003. n Jaensch, S., Merk, M., Gopalakrishnan, E., Bomberg, S., Emmert, T., Sujith, R.I., Polifke, W., 2015a. Hybrid CFD/ low order modeling of thermoacoustic limit cycles, Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 40 – Summer Program Report 2015. n Müller, R. A. J., 2015. Control authority for active damping of combustion instabilities (PhD Thesis). Technische Universität München, München, Germany.

n Polifke, W., 2015. Six Lectures on Thermoacoustic Combustion Instability, 21st CISM-IUTAM Int’l Summer School on ‘Measurement, Analysis and Passive Control of Thermoacoustic Oscillations.’ Udine, Italy. n Silva, C.F., Emmert, T., Jaensch, S., Polifke, W., 2015. Numerical study on intrinsic thermoacoustic instability of a laminar premixed flame. Combust. Flame 162, 3370 – 3378. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.06.003. n Silva, C.F., Jaensch, S., Emmert, T., Polifke, W., 2015. On the autoregressive behavior of the intrinsic thermoacoustic feedback loop observed in premixed flames, 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV22). Florence, Italy. n Sovardi, C., Polifke, W., 2015. CFD-Based Modeling of Sound Generation in Ducted Discontinuities, Schram, C. (Ed.), Progress in Simulation, Control and Reduction of Ventilation Noise, VKI Lecture Series 2015. VKI, Rhode-St-Genèse, BE. n Sovardi, C., Polifke, W., 2015. Acoustic characterisation of double-orifice configurations by means of a LES-SI approach, Euronoise 2015 – 10th European Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. n Strobio Chen, L., Witte, A., Polifke, W., 2015b. Thermo-acoustic characterization of a heat exchanger in cross flow using compressible and weakly compressible numerical simulation, The 22nd International Congress of Sound and Vibration. Florence, Italy. n Subramanian, P., Blumenthal, R.S., Sujith, R., Polifke, W., 2015. Distributed time lag response functions for the modelling of combustion dynamics. Combustion Theory and Modelling 19, 223–237. doi:10.1080/13647830.2014.1001438. n Tay-Wo-Chong, L., Zellhuber, M., Komarek, T., Im, H.G., Polifke, W., 2015. Combined Influence of Strain and Heat Loss on Premixed Flame Stabilization. Flow Turb. and Comb. doi:10.1007/ s10494-015-9679-0. n Ulhaq, Ahtsham, Silva, C.F., Polifke, W., 2015. Identification of the dynamics of technically premixed flames as multiple-input, single-output systems from LES, Proc. 7th European Combustion Meeting. n Witte, A., Emmert, T., Holzinger, T., Polifke, W., 2015. Optimization techniques for power generation from waste heat using thermoacoustic engines, MSE Energy Colloquium. n Witte, A., Polifke, W., 2015. Heat transfer frequency response of a cylinder in pulsating laminar cross flow, 17. STAB-Workshop. Göttingen. n Zellhuber, M., Polifke, W., 2015. Large Eddy Simulation of High Frequency Flame Dynamics in Perfect Premixed Combustors with Elevated Inlet Temperatures, Fröhlich, J., Kuerten, H., Geurts, B.J.and Armenio, V. (Eds.), Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX. Springer.

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Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems Specification of fault-tolerant systems, verification and validation of safety-critical systems

n The focus of the Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems (SES) in 2015 was to further develop methods and approaches in the fields of specification and validation of safety-critical distributed appli­ cations.

Design-to-Test

Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Contact www.ses.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16424

Validation by testing is a mandatory procedure for safety-critical controllers. However, the validation of a logic controller is often only considered in the later phases of its development. Thus, if specific non-functional requirements related to testing are not initially considered in the specification models, this could lead to the impossibility of validating the behavior of a controller by means of testing. Design-to-test approaches aim at improving the testability of controllers and reducing the additional human workload

required to trustfully test critical logic controllers. In 2015, SES developed and implemented a design-to-test approach for discrete event systems. A demonstration software has been developed for MATLAB Stateflow specifications. Projects n TUM – Design-to-test approach for black-box testing of programmable controllers

Reconfigurable Distributed Architecture

Reconfigurable architecture applied to an automated guided vehicle

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The control of automated systems is increasingly achieved by distributed controllers. However, for critical systems the global implementation needs to be fault-tolerant. In order to achieve a desired level of fault-tolerance and ensure high dependability, two approaches can be

Assistant Professorship of Safe Embedded Systems

used: redundancy and reconfiguration of systems. When these approaches are combined, the research questions to be regarded are as follows: How many subsystems may fail simultaneously without losing complete control of the global system? and How long can a subsystem stay in its fail state before a reconfiguration is needed? In 2015, SES investigated the implementation of redundant reconfigurable distributed architecture for automated guided vehicles. This approach is using a serviceoriented architecture and has been implemented on a microcontroller-based architecture. Projects n TUM – Redundant reconfigurable distributed architecture using service-oriented architecture

Supervisory Control Theory Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) is a model-based approach that permits to automatically generate correct-by-construction supervisory controllers. Thanks to SCT approach, which is using mathematically proved algorithms, generated controllers do not need to be verified anymore. The designers can then focus more on the requirements definition and the specification modeling. A set of specifications permits to specify independently each requirement (functional and non-functional requirements, safety and liveness requirements, optimization criteria…). Then, synthesis algorithms are applied on the set of specifications and plants models to generate a supervisory controller. The obtained supervisory controller is then guaranteed to be deadlock-free and maximally permissive (all the specifications are fulfilled and only these specifications are fulfilled). In 2015, SES investigated two obstacles for a wide application of SCT in industry. First, while many industrial applications use signals and dataflow to represent and

Research Focus n Fault-tolerant systems n Formal verification & validation n Distributed control systems n Diagnosis of automated systems Competence n Control of discrete event systems n Conformance testing n Supervisory control theory n Fault-tree analysis Infrastructure n Test bench for (safety) programmable logic controllers n Didactic platform for supervisory control and diagnosis Courses n Basics of Dependable Systems n Control of Discrete Event Systems n Safe Embedded Systems

exchange sensors and actuator values, the fundaments and most of the works related to SCT use event-based modeling. Secondly, most of the tools that use SCT algorithms are not easily connected to industrial programming tools, thus limiting their application in industry. To cope with these obstacles, SES investigated a signalbased SCT approach, and developed a demonstration software for MATLAB Stateflow models. This approach has been successfully applied to our didactic production system platform.

Didactic platform: SCT for mechanical engineers

Projects n TUM – Supervisory Control Theory for mechanical engineers

Management Prof. Dr. Julien Provost Research Scientist Canlong Ma, M.Sc.

Publications 2015 n C. Ma, J. Provost: Design-to-test approach for black-box testing of programmable controllers. IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 2015. DOI: 10.1109/CoASE.2015.7294232 n A. Theorin, K. Bengtsson, J. Provost, M. Lieder, C. Johnsson, T. Lundholm, B. Lennartson, An Event-Driven Manufacturing Information System Architecture. 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing (INCOM), 2015. DOI:10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.138 n S. Rösch, S. Ulewicz, J. Provost, B. Vogel-Heuser: Review of Model-Based Testing Approaches in roduction Automation and Adjacent Domains — Current Challenges and Research Gaps. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 8 (09), 499. DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2015.89048

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Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies Perspectives for production

n In 2015, the Chair for Industrial Management and Assembly Technology with its two locations in Augsburg and Garching considered in particular the possibilities of how humans can be integrated into the objectives of Industry 4.0. In addition, the further development of electro-mobility at the production site Germany was specifically targeted.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart Contact www.iwb.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15500

Use of smart devices for human beings in industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 As a result of demographic changes, the average age in producing companies will continue to increase in the future. With ‘Industry 4.0’ the iwb not only means the interconnection of systems, but also how humans are safe in the production environment and how they can effectively use their skills and know-how. Locations Augsburg and Garching In close cooperation with the project group ‘Resource Efficient Mechatronic Processing Machines’ at Fraunhofer IWU in Augsburg and four additional partners, major milestones were reached over the last few years, for example, with the project ‘InnoCyFer – Integrated Design and Fabrication of Customer Individualized Products in Cyber Physical Manufacturing Systems’ supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMW) as the lead sponsor in the DLR-sponsored project. The scientists are working together to achieve the goal to enable the integrated design and production of customer-innovated products. This will be achieved through the develop-

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ment of an open-innovation platform, which would enable the integration of the creativity and innovation potential of customers in the product development process. One important research content is the planning and control of an autonomous production that is based on cyber-physical systems, where the customer-innovated products will be produced. It is linked directly to the open-innovation platform to ensure that the customer is always well informed of the feasibility of his design, and at the same time receives a delivery schedule and cost estimate. The expected results offer companies a very innovative business model with the opportunity to position themselves on the market with customer-innovated products, and to strengthen Germany’s position as a business location in the long term. With the iwb Application Center Augsburg, the Bavarian-Swabian location has been benefiting for 20 years from the ‘Production Experts’. That way, the technology transfer in Augsburg and surrounding area will be ensured with the scientists there.

Assembly Technology and Robotics The area of Assembly Technology and Robotics addresses the assembly as the last step in the value-creation chain within the production process. Here, the costs and quality of products are influenced in a major way. Efficient assembly processes, innovative system technology and assembly systems, and also the targeted use of industrial robots are the key to a cost-efficient production. The researchers in the Assembly Technology and Robotics group are therefore working on new solutions to specific problems in these areas. Significantly are also the current trends in production. A large part of the work is therefore orientated towards the future area of electromobility and decen­ tralized energy storage. In this connection, a research line was created at iwb for the production of lithium-ion battery cells which offers a unique platform to research the relationships between production and product quality. Other significant developments are the ever increasing demands on adaptability of assembly lines and robot systems, as well as the topics related to Industry 4.0. Starting with a comprehensive analysis, a thorough understanding assembly and handling processes is developed. Building on this, process chains are generated and integrated into innovative system concepts. Along with that, economic and quality examinations validate the applicability of the solutions. Particular attention is being paid to the industrial robot as a universal tool for the automation of processes in production.

Packaging a battery cell in the research center for lithium-ion-batteries at iwb

Projects n ExZellTUM – Excellence Center for battery cells at the Technical University Munich n ProLIZ – Production technology for lithium-ion cells n EEBatt – Decentralized stationary energy storage n FOREL – Research and technology centre for resource-efficient lightweight structures of electric mobility n AKOMI – Automated configuration in micro-system technology n CyPros – Cyber-physical production systems n RoHoQ – Robot-based ultra-precise quality assurance n Spicy – Silicon and polyanionic chemistries and architectures of Li-ion cell for high energy battery

Production Management and Logistics The research group Production Management and Logistics is working on projects aimed at enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of production. The research scope covers three main fields of interest. The first field comprises the design of an effective change management in production, the management of production technologies and facility planning. The second field conducts research on the

efficient integration of human resources in an increasingly digital and networked production environment. These fields are complemented by research on optimization methods for industrial application and on approaches for efficient exploration of required data. The group’s wide-ranging expertise in all areas of production management and logistics stems from its fields of current and Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies

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former comprehensive research. Furthermore, the research group is equipped with a real production environment through the Model Factory for Lean Production (LSP) and the Learning Lab for Humans in Production. This environment supports research, teaching and training in the context of lean management and human resources in production. Projects n SFB 768 – Managing cycles in innovation processes, sub-projects B3 ‘Dynamic Production Technology Planning’, B4 ‘Dynamic Production Structure Planning’, and B5 ‘Cyclically Oriented Design of Versatile Production Resources’ in the funding phase II, and the transfer project T2 ‘Cyclically Oriented Assessment and Planning of Technology Sequences and Equipment for Assembly Processes’ n Designing flexible factory layouts based on rough planning data n BMW.TUM – Intelligent Logistics Planning based on Big Data n MAN.TUM – Individual and Dynamic Worker Information

Research Focus n Production management and logistics n Assembly technology and robotics Competence n Production technology management n Human factors in factory environments n Biomimetics in production management n Value creation network and locations n Technology planning n Factory planning n Lean management n Resource-efficient production n Knowledge management and didactics n Performing benchmarks and technological research n Production planning and control systems n Battery production n Assembly processes

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Monitoring the process for coating anodes

n MAN.TUM – Efficient pre-production development of variant-rich small series production n BMW.TUM – Configuration and Dimensioning of Production Networks based on Bionic Principles n InnoCyFer – Integrated Design and Fabrication of Customer Individualized Products in Cyber Physical Manufacturing Systems

n Robotics n Assembly-friendly design and production n Assembly planning and scenario evaluation n Process and mock-up development n Analysis and optimization of operating behaviour n Feeding and handling technology Infrastructure n Production line for battery cells n Industrial robots n Environmental/safety and teaching laboratories n Energetic and geometrical parameters n Material analysis systems n Simulation environments

Courses n Automobile Production n Factory Planning n Human Factors in Production Engineer­ ing n Methods of Company Management n Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robots n Management of Production Enterprises for Teachers n Practical Course CAD/CAM-Systems n Practical Course ERP-Systems n Practical Course Industrial Robots n Practical Course Production Planning and Control n Practical Course Energy Productivity n Practical Course Lean Production n Seminar Production Management n Practical Soft Skills for Mechatronic Processes in Development and Production n Seminar Mechatronic Development of Production Systems Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart, Director Beatrix Kain, Secretary Adjunct Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Milberg Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Jochen Platz Visiting Lectures Dr.-Ing. Robert Reiter Dr.-Ing. Rainer Stetter Administrative Staff Fabio Ciuffreda Dipl.-Ing. Fritz Grimmer Dipl.-Ing. Oliver Holzmann Nadja Kirmayer Tanja Mayer Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Sebald

Research Scientists Nicolas Billot, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Simone Dietrich Christiane Dollinger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Josef Greitemann Till Günther, M.Eng. Sven Hawer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Knoche Dino Knoll, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Koch Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Kurfer Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Lock Dipl.-Phys. Gregor Lux Dipl.-Ing. Jan-Fabian Meis Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Michniewicz Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Michael Niehues Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christian Plehn Dipl.-Ing. Benedikt Sager Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Schmalz Joscha Schnell, M.Sc. Alexander Schönmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Franz Spingler Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Teschemacher Severin Teubner, M.Sc. Marco Ulrich, M.Sc. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Susanne Vernim Dipl.-Ing. Markus Westermeier Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Martin Wunderer Dipl.-Ing. Carola Zwicker Technical Staff Armin Braun Gerhard Brethack Alexander Degenhart Andreas Grünwald Brigitte Hadler Wolfgang Rissling Stefan Seidl Rainer Sollfrank

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Publications 2014-15 n Braunreuther, S.; Hammerstingl, V.; Schweier, M.; Theodossiadis, G.; Reinhart, G.; Zaeh, M. F.: Welding joint detection by calibrated mosaicking with laser scanner systems. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (2015) 10, pp. 16-23. n Knoche, T.; Reinhart, G.: Electrolyte Filling of Large-Scale Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges for Production Technology and Possible Approaches. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 794 (2015), pp. 11-18 n Distel, F. M.; Reinhart, G.: Automated Design and Optimization of Rectangular Plate Sonotrodes for Squeeze Film Levitation. Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies 3 (2015) 2, pp. 151-160. n Fischbach, C. W. P.; Zaeh, M. F.; Mair, M.: Identifying the Benefits of Fiber Reinforced Plastics for Their Use in Machine Tool Structures. International Journal of Automation Technology 9 (2015) 6, pp. 731-738. n Greitemann, J.; Stahl, B.; Schönmann, A.; Lohmann, B.; Reinhart, G.: Strategic production technology planning using a dynamic technology chain calendar. Production Engineering 9 (2015) 3, pp. 417-424. n Greitemann, J.; Worbs, A.; Hehl, M.; Schönmann, A.; Reinhart, G.: Technologieidentifikation – Methodik und Evaluation. Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (ZWF) 110 (2015) 10, pp. 630-634. n Hammerstingl, V.; Reinhart, G.: Unified Plug&Produce architecture for automatic integration of field devices in industrial environments. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). Seville, Spain 2015, pp. 19561963. n Hawer, S.; Ilmer, P.; Reinhart, G.: Klassifizierung unscharfer Planungsdaten in der Fabrikplanung. Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (ZWF) 110 (2015) 10, pp. 348-351. n Jelinek, M.; Voit, M.; Seidel, C.; Reinhart, G.; Haag, M.: Roboter greift Früchte – flexibel und ohne Beschädigung. Konstruktion (2015) 7-8, pp. 70-73. n Karl, F.; Reinhart, G.: Reconfigurations on manufacturing resources: identification of needs and planning. Production Engineering (2015). n Koch, J.; Brandl, F.; Reinhart, G.: A system-based approach to further design the concept of Manufacturing Change Management. 17th International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference, DSM 2015, November 2015 n Koch, J.; Michels, N.; Reinhart, G.: Context model design for a process-oriented Manufacturing Change Management. Procedia CIRP (2015). n Koch, J.; Brandl, F.; Hofer, A.; Reinhart, G. (2015) Studie: Änderungsmanagement in der Produktion. Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebswissenschaften (iwb), TUM, München. n Plehn, C.; Ostermeier, F.; Remmel, F.; Neufville, R. d.; Reinhart, G.: Towards a Uniform Understanding of Changeability Terminology – A Multidisciplinary Review. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (2015). n Plehn, C.; Stein, F.; Reinhart, G.: Modeling Factory Systems Using Graphs. In: Cascini, G. et al. (Hrsg.): ICED 2015 – Design for Life, International Conference on Engineering Design. Milan, July 27-30 2015.

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n Schönmann, A.; Becker, T.; Reinhart, G.: Unterstützung bei der Vorauswahl alternativer Produktionstechnologien – Das Technologieradar als Kommunikationswerkzeug. In: Gausemeier, J. (Hrsg.): Vorausschau und Technologieplanung. Paderborn: HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe 2015, pp. 243-258. ISBN: 978-3-942647-66-3. n Schönmann, A.; Panzer, N.; Reinhart, G.; Intra, C.; Wildmoser, T.: Bewertung des Einsatzes von Lasertechnologien in der Nutzfahrzeugindustrie. Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (ZWF) 110 (2015) 11, pp. 725-729. n Shen, Y.; Tseng, M. M.; Reinhart, G.: A Design Approach for Incorporating Task-Coordination for Human-Robot-Coexistence within Assembly Systems. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 9th Annual IEEE International System Conference (SysCon). Vancouver BC, Canada, 13-16 April 2015 2015, pp. 426-431. n Shen, Y.; Zastrow, S.; Reinhart, G.: Ein Bewertungsansatz für die Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation in Montagelinien unter Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 110 (2015) 3, pp. 83-87. n Speigelberger, B.; Klein, T.; Drescher, B.; Haberstroh, P.; Reinhart, G.: Mechatronisches Engineering zur effizienten Produktentwicklung im Maschinenund Anlagenbau. ke NEXT (2015). n Vernim, S.; Reinhart, G.: Production planning and control in complex, autonomous systems – Acceptance by the planner as factor of success for the cooperation with such systems. In: Wulfsberg, J. P. et al. (Hrsg.): WGP Congress 2015. Progress in Production Engineering. Hamburg, 07-08.09.2015. Pfaffikon, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications 2015, pp. 453-460. ISBN: 978-3-03835-616-5. (Applied Mechanics and Materials 794). n Buschle, F.; Reisen, K.; Greb, C.; Marquart, M.; Reinhart, G.; Gries, T.: Technologiereifebewertung Faserdirektablage zur CFK-Herstellung. Technologiespezifische Reifegradbestimmung eines innovativen Herstellungsverfahrens von CFK-Bauteilen für die automobile Großserie. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 109 (2014) 9, pp. 616-620. n Haberstroh, P.; Reinhart, G.: Methode zur Berücksichtigung von Persönlichkeitseigenschaften bei der Einführung von mecha-tronischen Vorgehensweisen. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 6. n Hammerstingl, V.; Schmalz, J.; Reinhart, G.: Das Tablet als Schnittstelle zur Maschine – Konzept für die wirtschaftliche Implementierung von mobilen Geräten in der Produktion. VDI-Z Integrierte Produktion 156 (2014) 6, pp. 34-36. n Koch, J.; Maisenbacher, S.; Maurer, M.; Reinhart, G.; Zäh, M. F.: Structural modeling of extended manufacturing systems – an approach to support changeability by reconfiguration planning. In: CIRP (Hrsg.): Procedia CIRP. Variety Management in Manufacturing – Proceedings of the 47th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2014, pp. 142-147. n Koch, J.; Plehn, C.; Reinhart, G.; Zäh, M. F.: Cycle Management for Continuous Manufacturing Planning. In: Zäh, M. F. (Ed.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013). New York: Springer 2014, pp. 9-12.

n Michaeli, P.; Rauch, J.; Reinhart, G.: Systematik zur Analyse produktionsstrategischer Handlungsfelder. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 109 (2014) 3, pp. 142-146. n Plehn, C.; Koch, J.; Diepold, K.; Stahl, B.; Lohmann, B.; Reinhart, G.; Zäh, M. F.: Modeling and analyzing dynamic cycle networks for manufacturing planning. In: Procedia CIRP (2014): CIRP Global Web Conference on Production Engineering Research: Advancement beyond state of the art. n Reinhart, G.; Greitemann, J.; Reisen, K.; Rester, N.: Technologie-Screening. Bewertung produktionsbezogener Risiken innovativer Produkte am Beispiel der Elektromobilität. wt Werkstattstechnik online 104 (2014) 4, pp. 217-223. n Reinhart, G.; Teschemacher, U.; Meis, J.-F.; Schindler, S.: Bionik in der Produktionsorganisation. Biologische Organisationsformen zur Steuerung von Produktionssystemen. Industrie Management 30 (2014) 1, pp. 37-41. n Reinhart, G.; Teschemacher, U.; Meis, J.-F.; Schindler, S.: Bionik in der Produktionsorganisation. Biologische Organisationsformen zur Steuerung von Produktionssystemen. Industrie Management 30 (2014) 1, pp. 37-41. n Reinhart, G.; Kurfer, J.; Westermeier, M.; Zeilinger, T.: Integrated Product and Process Model for Production System Design and Quality Assurance for EV Battery Cells. Advanced Materials Research 907 (2014), pp. 365-378. n Reisen, K.; Greitemann, J.; Rester, N.; Reinhart, G.: Production Technology Screening for Innovative Products. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): Bond With Technology on the Go, International Technology Management Conference. Chicago/USA, 12-15-06.2014. Chicago: IEEE 2014. ISBN: 978-1-4799-3312-9. n Reisen, K.; Greitemann, J.; Rester, N.; Reinhart, G.: Production Technology Screening for Innovative Products. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): Bond With Technology on the Go, International Technology Management Conference. Chicago/USA, 12-15.06.2014. Chicago: IEEE 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3312-9. n Reisen, K.; Greitemann, J.; Rester, N.; Reinhart, G.: Production Technology Screening for Innovative Products. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): Bond With Technology on the Go, International Technology Management Conference. Chicago/USA, 12-15.06.2014. Chicago: IEEE 2014. ISBN: 978-1-4799-3312-9. n Richter, C.; Backhaus, J.; Drescher, B.; Klein, T.; Stich, P.; Reinhart, G. Prof. Dr.-Ing.: Modellfabrik für den spielerischen Einstieg in die Mechatronik. In: Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur GmbH (Hrsg.): Forschungsreport für den Maschinenbau in BAyern. Bingen: Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur GmbH 2014. n Teschemacher, U.; Hees, A.; Reinhart, G.: Produktionsorganisation für die Herstellung kundeninnovierter Produkte. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 109 (2014) 1-2, pp. 16-19. n Vernim, S.; Hees, A.; Teschemacher, U.; Wagner, M.; Reinhart, G.: Produktionsplanung und -steuerung mittels bionischer Kommunikationsstrukturen. Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (ZwF) 109 (2014) 12, pp. 915-919. n Westermeier, M.; Reinhart, G.; Steber, M.: Complexity Management for the Start-up in Lithium-ion Cell Production. Procedia CIRP 20 (2014), pp. 13-19. n Zaeh, Michael F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014. ISBN: 9783319020532.

n Zaeh, Michael F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014. ISBN: 9783319020532. n Zwicker, C.; Reinhart, G.: Human-Robot-Collaboration System for a Universal Packaging Cell for Heavy Electronic Consumer Goods. In: Zaeh, M. F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014, pp. 195199. ISBN: 9783319020532. n Zwicker, C.; Reinhart, G.: Human-Robot-Collaboration System for a Universal Packaging Cell for Heavy Electronic Consumer Goods. In: Zaeh, M. F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014, pp. 195199. ISBN: 9783319020532. n Asmus, S.; Karl, F.; Grassl, M.; Mohnen, A.; Reinhart, G.: Energy Efficiency in Production Processes – The Influence of Consumption Visualization and Staff Training. In: Seliger, G. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 11th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. Berlin (23-25 September) 2013, pp. 187-192. n Backhaus, J.; Ulrich, M.; Reinhart, G.: Classification, Modelling and Mapping of Skills in Automated Production Systems. In: Zaeh, M. F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (Carv 2013), Munich, Germany, 6-9 October: Springer Verlag 2013, pp. 85-89. ISBN: 9783319020532.

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Institute of Applied Mechanics Development, simulation and experimental investigation of complex dynamical and mechatronical systems

n The Institute of Applied Mechanics is a leading research center in the dynamics of mechanical and robotic systems. The core of its activities focus on the development of novel simulation and experimental techniques for efficient analysis of complex structural dynamics, and on the design, construction and control of advanced robotic machines. The research is organized in three focus areas: Robotics and Mechatronics, Dynamic Simulation and Numerical Techniques, and Experimental Dynamics. Each research Prof. dr. ir. Daniel Rixen

Contact www.amm.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15220

CROPS manipulator for automated harvesting

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group bundles specific expertise, monitors international advances and actively discusses the future research directions.

Robotics and Mechatronics Mechatronics is the combination of mechanical, electrical and informatics systems. A focus of this field lies on the actuation of multibody dynamical systems and vibrating structures in order to achieve specific functions. One example of such systems are robots which are investigated at our institute. Our institute has a long tradition in designing, constructing and controlling robots for novel applications. Based on our experience in autonomous legged robots, our institute has developed a high performance humanoid robot (LOLA) in recent years. Working in an interdisciplinary team, we combine techniques from informatics, electronics and mechanics to advance the overall system performance on real world walking scenarios. Our focus lies on the development of model-based methods for biped walking which are not restricted to one specific robot or scenario. Current research projects include environment recognition and modeling, trajectory planning and walking control. The institute’s expertise in robotics has also been applied to other fields: In September 2014 the EU-project CROPS was successfully finished by developing in collaboration with an international consortium the world’s first autonomous harvesting robot for sweet pepper in greenhouses. Its core component was created at our institute; the multipurpose, modular redundant manipulator arm. With up to 9 degrees of freedom, it is specifically designed for harvesting sweet peppers, apples or the precise spraying of grapes. In addition to the opti-

LOLA, the humanoid robot

mization of the kinematics and mechatronic design, our research also included motion planning based on tactile feedback for operations in cluttered environments such as greenhouses. Another area, in which our institute collaborates with the Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, is the investigative manipulation of biologic joints. An experimental test rig has been developed, which combines adaptive trajectory planning and compliant motion control schemes at high frequencies (4000 Hz) to actuate biologic joints utilizing a robotic arm and thereby analyze their spatial biomechanical behavior. This technique aims at improving the design

of joint replacements (endoprosthesis). Furthermore, the robotics group has proven its worth at the European Robotics Challenge; our institute won the first stage by developing a powerful software framework for the autonomous operation of a mobile robot platform in an industrial scenario.

Projects n Real-time planning for flexible walking of a humanoid robot (DFG) n Robust walking for a humanoid robot under disturbances (DFG) n Gait control of a humanoid robot in uneven terrain (DAAD) n CROPS – Clever Robots for Crops: motion planning for redundant manipulators and tactile feedback (EU-FP7, internal) n Multi-contact planning and control of biped walking robots (internal) n Adaptive force/position control of a robot for investigative manipulation of human joints (MRI)

Dynamic Simulation and Numerical Techniques Designing and optimizing high-tech systems necessitates accurate and efficient modeling. The expertise and research focus of the institute is mainly in model reduction aspects, parallel computing strategies and numerical techniques simulating the dynamic of contact between bodies, including lubrication through films. To obtain accurate dynamical system models multiphysical effects need to be included for instance to account for lubrication films (elasto-hydrodynamics), for vibro-acoustic interaction or for electromagnetical coupling. Models used to analyze the dynamics of structures often contain several millions of degrees of freedom. We develop methods to characterize the dynamics of linear and non-linear structural models with only a reduced set of unknowns so that models can be used for optimization, design validation or as flexible components in multibody dynamic simulations. In order to use the power of modern multiprocessor computers, we develop solution algorithms based on the paradigm of domain decomposition; if the problem is partitioned in different domains (regions of a structural model), the solution is found by iterating on the interface solution while

STÄUBLI RX90B manipulator for investigative manipulation of biologic joints

the behavior in the domains are computed independently by different processors. We improve those methods to make them robust for real-life problems that include for instance high heterogeneities or complex dynamics.

Interaction between rotating shaft and structural dynamics (top) through pressure in lubrication film (bottom)

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Multiphysical system model of a common rail injector

Projects n Dual substructuring techniques in linear and multibody dynamics (internal) n Varying manifolds as reduction basis for geometrically non-linear structures (internal) n Domain decomposition techniques for dynamic problems (internal) n FETI method for non-linear multibody dynamics (internal) n Validation of a pushbelt continuously variable transmission using multibody dynamics (Bosch Transmission Technology BV) n Elasto-hydrodynamic lubricated contacts in multibody dynamical systems (internal) n Modeling of common-rail injectors for faults detection and control (DFG)

n Efficient simulation and analysis of flexible multibody systems with friction and impacts (internal) n Aerodynamic noise prediction of treaded tires using a hybrid aero-acoustic methodology (National Science Foundation Luxemburg) n Modeling of gears with defects in system descriptions (DLR) n NVH of turbos: floating-ring bearings and rotordynamics modeling (MHI Equipment Europe BV) n Electromagnetic coupling in the dynamics of generator in direct-drive wind turbines (XEMC Darwind BV) n High performance simulation of spacetime multiscale nonlinear problems (TUM)

Experimental Dynamics Dynamic testing is regularly performed in our labs in order to validate models and test constructions. In addition experimental dynamic techniques are part of our research where we improve identification methods. Within the project KonRAT (Rocket Engine Components for Aerospace Transport Systems) liquid oxygen turbo pumps are analyzed. Techniques to characterize the rotor dynamics as well as the dynamic behavior of seals and bearings are developed; combining reduced component models, validated on several test rigs, the influences such as seal instabilities and bearing effects on the turbo pump rotor system can be determined. Another important research topic is experimental substructuring; based on the measured dynamics of components, a full model is built numerically by specific assembly techniques. Obtaining an accurate assembled numerical model from measured components requires special measurement techniques and signal processing steps. With these techniques we enable novel methodologies to investigate for instance noise and vibration propagation in cars. In our lab we test substructuring strategies on a small wind turbine as part of an 206

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Experimental characterization of test wind turbine components (AM)

international benchmarking activity for substructuring. Sustructuring ideas are also used in so-called real-time hybrid testing. This special hardware-in-the-loop technique numerically simulates structural components for which models are available, and exchanges in real-time forces and displacements on the interfaces with a real hardware component in the lab. In such an approach components can be tested in real conditions, where the dynamic interactions with the full system is accounted for. We develop special computational and control strategies based for instance on adaptive feedforward compensation techniques Projects n Rotor dynamics for turbo pumps in space propulsion systems (BaySt­ MWMET) n Real-time substructuring for complex systems (internal) n Substructuring methodology for transfer path analysis (BMW)

Research Focus n Modeling and simulation of dynamical systems n Vibration analysis and rotordynamics n Mechatronics and robotics n Experimental dynamics Competence n Finite element modeling in dynamics n Model reduction and substructuring n Time integration and solvers n Multiphysical modeling n Trajectory planning and control of robots n Biped robots n Modal identification n Operational modal analysis

Rotor test bench with sensors to monitor defects (AM)

n Four-pole models of car subsystems to set component requirements (BMW) n Experimental substructuring evaluation on an wind turbine testbench (Iranian Ministery of Research, Education and Technology) n Dynamic Identifying of a multi-megawatt turbine direct-drive generator using operational modal analysis (XEMC Darwind BV)

Courses n Technical Mechanics (Statics, Elasticity and Dynamics) n Technical Mechanics for Electrotechnique n Machine Dynamics n Simulation of Mechatronical Systems n Mechanical Vibration Lab n Vibration Measurement Lab n Technical Dynamics n Robot Dynamics n Multibody Dynamics n Structural Dynamics n Structural Dynamics Lab n Experimental Vibration Analysis n Seminars in Applied Mechanics

Infrastructure n Mechanical and electronic workshop n Vibration and dynamic test lab n Robotic lab n Dynamics teaching lab Institute of Applied Mechanics

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Management: Prof. dr. ir. Daniel Rixen, M.Sc., Ordinarius PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Thomas Thümmel, Director Retired Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Pfeiffer Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich Guest Professor Prof. dr. ir. Michel Géradin (Humboldt Awardee) Administrative Staff Manuela Müller-Philipp Rita Schneider Petra Popp-Münich Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Bartl Dipl.-Ing. Jörg Baur Dr. Alejandro Cosimo Dipl.-Math. Eva-Maria Dewes Fabian Gruber, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Kilian Grundl Michael Häußler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Arne-Christoph Hildebrandt Dipl.-Ing. Gerald Horst Dipl.-Ing. Benedikt Huber Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Krinner

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Leistner Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Mayet Dipl.-Ing. Julian Pfaff Dipl.-Ing. Markus Roßner Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Rutzmoser Dr.-Ing. Thorsten Schindler Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Schütz Felix Sygulla, M.Sc. Christian Wagner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Robert Wittmann Rob Eling, M.Sc., external candidate (TU Delft) Maarten van der Seijs, M.Sc., external candidate (TU Delft) Dipl.-Ing. Michael Kirschneck, external candidate (TU Delft) Dipl.-Ing. Martin Münster, external candidate Dipl.-Ing, Constantin von Deimling Frans ven der Linden, M.Sc., external candidate Romain Pennec, M.Sc. Karamooz Morteza, M.Sc. Daniel Wahrmann, M.Sc. Oliver Hofmann, M.Sc. Technical Staff Simon Gerer Georg König Georg Mayr

Publications 2015 Journal Publications & Books n Géradin, Michel; Rixen, Daniel J.: Mechanical Vibrations: Theory and Application to Structural Dynamics – 3rd Edition. Wiley, 2015. n Bab, S.; Khade, S.E.; Karamooz Mahdiabadi, M.; Shahgholi, M.: Vibration mitigation of a rotating beam under external periodic force using a nonlinear energy sink (NES). Journal of Vibration and Control 125, 2015. n Baumann, K.; Beitelschmidt, M.; Dresig, H.; Rockhausen, L.; Scheffler, M.; Schwabe, J.-H.; Thümmel, T.: Beitelschmidt, Michael; Dresig, Hans (Hrsg.): Maschinendynamik – Aufgaben und Beispiele. Springer Science + Business Media, 2015. n Benkert, Tim; Krinner, Andreas; Thümmel, Thomas; Volk, Wolfram: Designing a High-Speed Press with a Six-Bar Linkage Mechanism. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015. n Gosselet, Pierre; Rixen, Daniel; Roux, FrancoisXavier; Spillane, Nicole: Simultaneous FETI and block FETI: Robust domain decomposition with multiple search directions. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 104 (10), 2015.

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n Géradin, Michel; Rixen, Daniel J.: A ‘Nodeless’ Dual Superelement Formulation for Structural and Multibody Dynamics – Application to Reduction of Contact Problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2015. n Mayet, Johannes; Ulbrich, Heinz: First-order optimal linear and nonlinear detuning of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers. Journal of Sound and Vibration 335 (0), 2015, 34-54. n Pfeiffer, Friedrich; Schindler, Thorsten: Introduction to Dynamics. Springer, 2015. n Rixen, Daniel J.; Boogaard, Anthonie; Seijs, Maarten V. van der; Schothorst, Gert van; Poel, Tjeerd van der: Vibration source description in substructuring: A theoretical depiction. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (60-61), 2015, 498-511. n Schindler, Thorsten; Rezaei, Shahed; Kursawe, Jochen; Acary, Vincent: Half-explicit timestepping schemes on velocity level based on time-discontinuous Galerkin methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 290, 2015, 250-276.

n Tabak, Umut; Rixen, Daniel J.: vibro-Lanczos, a symmetric Lanczos solver for vibro-acoustic simulations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2015.

Conference Publications n Bartl, Andreas; Mayet, Johannes; Rixen, Daniel J: Adaptive Feedforward Compensation for Real Time Hybrid Testing with Harmonic Excitation. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Engineering Vibration, 2015. n Bartl, Andreas; Rixen, Daniel J: Feasibility of a Transmission Simulator Technique for Dynamic Real Time Substructuring. Proceedings of the 33rd IMAC, Orlando, FL, 2015. n Eling, Rob; Ostayen, Ron van; Rixen, Daniel: Oil Flow in Connecting Channels of Floating Ring Bearings. 11. Internationale Tagung Schwingungen in Rotierenden Maschinen (SIRM), 2015. n Gruber, Fabian M.; Rutzmoser, Johannes B.; Rixen, Daniel J.: Comparison between primal and dual Craig-Bampton substructure reduction techniques. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Engineering Vibration, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2015. n Grundl, K.; Schindler, T.; Rixen, D.; Ulbrich, H.; Velde, A. van der; Yildiz, S.: ALE beam formulation using reference dynamics for pushbelt CVTs. ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, 2015. n Grundl, Kilian; Schindler, Thorsten; Rixen, Daniel J.; Ulbrich, Heinz; Velde, Arie v. d.; Yildiz, Semih: Modelling a pushbelt variator. GAMM, 86th Annual Scientific Conference. Springer, 2015. n Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Wahrmann, Daniel; Wittmann, Robert; Rixen, Daniel; Buschmann, Thomas: Real-Time Pattern Generation Among Obstacles for Biped Robots. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2015. n Horst, G.; Fritzsche, M.; Rixen, D.: Using an Infrared Laser in Outer Body Measurement: Feasibility Study. ESB 2015, 21st Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics, 2015. n Kirschneck, M.; Rixen, D. J.; Polinder, Henk; Ostayen, Ron van: In-Situ Experimental Modal Analysis of a Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generator. Proceedings of the 33rd IMAC, Orlando, FL, 2015. n Krinner, A.; Rixen, D.J.: Quasi-Newton method applied to elastohydrodynamic lubricated cylindrical joints. ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, 2015. n Krinner, A.; Schindler, T.; Rixen, D. J.: Fluid-Struktur-Kopplung in elastohydrodynamischen Gleitlagern. 11. Internationale Tagung Schwingungen in rotierenden Maschinen (SIRM), 2015. n Krinner, Andreas; Schindler, Thorsten; Rixen, Daniel: Projection formulation of the cavitation problem in elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact. Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. 15, 2015, 57-58.

n Rutzmoser, Johannes B; Gruber, Fabian M; Rixen, Daniel J: A Comparison on Model Order Reduction Techniques for Geometrically Nonlinear Systems Based on a Modal Derivative Approach Using Subspace Angles. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Engineering Vibration, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2015. n Schindler, Thorsten: A consistent and efficient framework for the time integration of multibody systems with impacts and friction. ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, 2015. n Schindler, Thorsten; Mayet, Johannes; Seiwald, Philipp: Impulse-based control of simple oscillators within the nonsmooth mechanics approach. Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. 15, 2015, 73-74. n Schütz, Christoph; Baur, Jörg; Pfaff, Julian; Buschmann, Thomas; Ulbrich, Heinz: Evaluation of a Direct Optimization Method for Trajectory Planning of a 9-DOF Redundant Fruit-Picking Manipulator. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Seattle, WA, 2015. n Schütz, Christoph; Pfaff, Julian; Sygulla, Felix; Rixen, Daniel; Ulbrich, Heinz: Motion Planning for Redundant Manipulators in Uncertain Environments based on Tactile Feedback. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Hamburg, Germany, 2015. n Seijs, M.V. van der; Pasma, E.A.; Klerk, D. de; Rixen, D.J.: A comparison of two component TPA approaches for steering gear noise prediction. Proceedings of the 33rd IMAC, Orlando, FL, 2015. n Thümmel, Thomas; Rossner, Markus; Ulbrich, Heinz; Rixen, Daniel: Unterscheidung verschiedener Fehlerarten beim modellbasierten Monitoring. 11. Internationale Tagung Schwingungen in Rotierenden Maschinen (SIRM), 2015. Best Paper Award. n Thümmel, Thomas; Wittmann, Robert; Roßner, Markus: Bewegungsübertragung ohne Zwang – eine Anwendung von Selbstsynchronisation. 11. Kolloquium Getriebetechnik, Garching, Germany, 2015. n Ulbrich, Heinz; Baur, Jörg; Pfaff, Julian; Schütz, Christoph: Design and Realization of a Redundant Modular Multipurpose Agricultural Robot. DINAME 2015 – Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics, 2015. n Wittmann, Robert; Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Wahrmann, Daniel; Buschmann, Thomas; Rixen, Daniel: State Estimation for Biped Robots Using Multibody Dynamics. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Hamburg, Germany, 2015. n Wittmann, Robert; Hildebrandt, Arne-Christoph; Wahrmann, Daniel; Rixen, Daniel; Buschmann, Thomas: Real-Time Nonlinear Model Predictive Footstep Optimization for Biped Robots. IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), Seoul, Korea, 2015.

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Institute of Thermodynamics Technology-driven thermo-fluid dynamics research

n Our research guide line is the proposition that scientific research in an engineering school should be focused on problems with high technological relevance. A key to realizing our mission is the close cooperation with industry in general and in particular with partners who – developing their top-class global products at the leading edge of technology – have encountered barriers that might be overcome by fundamental research.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer Contact www.td.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16219

Our partner industries are optimizing their technologies towards a lower carbon footprint, integration with renewable power sources and environmental compatibility. Their research needs are reflected in our four research groups. The increase of fuel efficiency and operational flexibility at low pollutant emissions pursued in the power industry requires fundamental research in the areas of combustion fundamentals, emissions and reliability and combustion instabilities. Pollutant reduction and fuel flexibility development in large reciprocat-

ing engines require basic understanding of multi-phase phenomena. Alternative thermal comfort systems are explored to improve the efficiency of mobility applications. The appreciation of this approach in the technical community is reflected by the six Best Technical Paper Awards our research group has received from the ASME International Gas Turbine Institute Combustion and Fuels Committee during the past fifteen years.

Combustion Fundamentals

Investigation of the correlation between heat release and OH* radiation

Turbulence-chemistry interaction is the common research topic of this work group with applications from scramjets to reheat combustors as well as flame acceleration and deflagration-detonation transition in confinements and reciprocating engines. The group shares common numerical and experimental approaches to describe the processes of unsteady combustion.

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Projects n Piloted natural gas combustion in large bore reciprocating engines with internal and external fuel air mixing n Flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition n Chemiluminescence and heat release n Thermal luminescence in high temperature flames n Supersonic combustion in scramjets n Low oxygen combustion in gas turbines with exhaust gas recirculation n Turbulent flame propagation in lean hydrogen flames

Combustion Emissions and Reliability Alternative fuels are a challenge for gas turbine combustors with respect to combustion emissions, stability, autoignition and flashback safety. This work group investigates the fundamental processes and develops rules applicable to new combustor designs with respect to low-emission fuel-flexible operation. Projects n Wall flashback n Combustion induced vortex breakdown n Flame stabilization at the fuel injectors of premix burners

n Syngas combustion in premixed swirl burners n Premixed swirl burner aerodynamics n Lean blowout and emissions n Staged premixed combustion n CO quenching in staged gas turbine combustors at part load n Improvement of gas turbine part load emissions by on-board fuel reforming n Power augmentation of gas turbines with premixed combustors and water injection n Premixed hydrogen combustion at ultra-high combustor inlet temperatures

Mie scattering signal of a lean premixed hydrogen-air flame

Combustion Instabilities and Noise The strong coupling of acoustics and heat release in confined flames leads to a feedback loop which can result in violent combustion instabilities. These are a threat for gas turbines, rocket motors and other combustion devices because they result in substantial pressure oscillations, structural vibrations and increased heat transfer. Combustion instabilities reduce the lifetime, limit the operation range or even lead to severe damage of combustion systems. This research group uses numerical and experimental techniques on a wide range of topics from combustion instability like flame-to-flame interaction, prediction of combustion instability, active instability control and flame noise.

Projects n Combustor design for thermoacoustic stability (DETAS) n Thermoacoustic stability of annular gas turbine combustors n Thermoacoustics of aeroengine combustors n High frequency instabilities in gas turbine combustors n Acoustic transfer functions of gas turbine and rocket motor flames n Acoustic losses in combustion chambers n Passive damping of combustion instabilities n Rocket motor damping mechanisms n Rocket motor flame dynamics and stability n Combustion noise generation and propagation in vehicle auxiliary heaters and aeroengine combustors

Instantaneous pressure distribution in a rocket motor nozzle related to higher order acoustic modes

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Multiphase Phenomena

Instantaneous axial velocity (top) and vorticity (bottom) in horizontal slug flow from Stereo­PIV measure­ments

Multiphase flows and systems play an important role in numerous applications in process and power engineering. While seemingly diverse this research group on multiphase flow creates strong synergies in modeling and experimental tools. Research topics range from boiling and condensation phenomena to water desalination and from droplet dynamics to transport in porous media, transport of gas-liquid mixtures, spray research and exhaust gas cleaning.

Projects n Influence of turbulence and secondary flows on sub-cooled flow boiling n Critical heat flux in two-phase flows n Transition from stratified to plug/slug flow n NOx-generation in partially premixed sprays n Selective catalytic NOx-removal n Atomization and mixing at extreme injection and air pressures n Concentration of liquid residues from biogas plants n Innovative solar desalination processes. n Membrane distillation with concentrat­ ing PV/T n Solar thermal hydrogen and nitrogen extraction from regolith

Energy and Environmental Technologies

Investigation of active cooling of photovoltaic modules for reverse osmosis desalination systems

The research topics of this work group cover conventional as well as solar driven desalination processes, chemical storage for solar and wind energy, new applications of photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors, thermal comfort in electric and hybrid vehicles and green building solutions. The group operates a Solar Research Center, where novel solar applications are investigated under realistic ambient conditions.

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Projects n Passenger comfort and thermal management of future electric vehicles n Low cost heating for electric vehicles n HVAC for vehicles in humid climate n Application of PV/T hybrid solar collectors in desalination n Reverse osmosis desalination powered by transient hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar systems n Small scale humidification/dehumidification-plant for solar seawater desalination n Solar-powered air-conditioning using thermal-regenerative liquid sorbents n Dehydrogenation of carbazole and thermal oils used for hydrogen storage

Research Focus n Combustion instabilities and noise n Reactive flows n Two-phase flows n Energy systems Competence n Experimental and theoretical study of combustion and thermo-acoustics n Stability analysis of combustion systems n Experimental and theoretical study of low-emission constant pressure and constant volume combustion n Simulation of flow, heat-transfer and combustion n Experimental and theoretical study of two-phase flow and boiling Infrastructure n Mechanical workshop, electronics workshop n Combustion/combustion instability research: Test cells for experiments from lab to engine scale, 40bar laminar flame rig, atmospheric single burner rigs 50-1000kW, annular combustor 1500kW, HP rig 10bar/500kW, water channel for fluid dynamics and mixing studies. 80/200mm rapid compression machines, dynamical constant volume combustion cell, detonation channel n Two-phase flow research: boiling loop, water-air two-phase loop, test rigs for studies of catalytic process n Tools: high speed (HS) PIV, PIV, LDV, PDA, HS LIF, CW lasers, HS cameras 40 kfps, intensifiers, spectrometers, filters, digital holography, emission analyzers, dynamical temperature and pressure probes, cluster for scientific computing, numerous codes (CFD, LNSE, LEE, acoustics, reaction kinetics, etc.)

Courses n Thermodynamics I + II n Combustion n Desalination n Energy Optimization of Buildings n Solar Engineering n Automotive Air Conditioning n Thermo-Fluiddynamics Lab n Combustion Technology Lab n Solar Technology Lab n Data Acquisition & Controls Lab Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer, Director Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Franz Mayinger, Emeritus Prof. i. R. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. habil. Johannes Straub, Emeritus Senior Scientists Dr.-Ing. Christoph Hirsch Dr.-Ing. Markus Spinnler Lecturer Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Blumenberg Administrative Staff Helga Bassett Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sigrid Schulz-Reichwald Research Scientists Ehsan Arabian, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Max Baumgärtner Frederik Berger, M.Sc. Michael Betz, M.Sc. Moritz Bruder, M.Sc. Alexander Chemnitz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Paul Christ Hannes Dietz, M.Sc. Aaron Endres, M.Sc. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Fiala Dipl.-Ing. Georg Fink Dipl.-Ing. Marcus Grochowina Dipl.-Ing. Balbina Hampel Dipl.-Ing. Josef Haßlberger Norbert Heublein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Vera Hoferichter Tobias Hummel, M.Sc. Michael Jud, M.Sc.

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Peter Katzy, M.Sc. Florian Kiefer, M.Sc. Noah Klarmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Kroiß Stephan Lellek, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Präbst Mayameen Rede, M.Sc. Paul Riffat, M.Sc. Michael Schiffner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Schulze Dipl.-Ing. Nicolai Stadlmair Dipl.-Ing. Wolfram Ullrich Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Utschick Stefan Wenzel, M.Sc. Max Zahn, M.Sc

Technical Staff Bernhard Strobl Florian Krist Thomas Schleussner Jens Hümmer Josef Dorrer Gerhard Giel Ogulcan Kocer Marjanovic Tomislav Claus Wimmer

Publications 2015 n Ahrens, D.; Kolb, M.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, T.: Influence of Pre-Flame and Post-Flame Mixing on NOx-Formation in a Reacting Premixed Jet in Hot Cross Flow. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, No. GT2015-42224, 2015 n Baumgartner, G.; Boeck, L.R.; Sattelmayer, T.: Experimental Investigation of the Transition Mechanism From Stable Flame to Flashback in a Generic Premixed Combustion System With HighSpeed Micro-PIV and Micro-PLIF Combined With Chemiluminescence Imaging. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Bloch, G.; Bruder, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: A Critical Review on the Mechanisms Triggering the DNB in Subcooled Flow Boiling Using a Complementary Experimental Approach. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, 2015 n Boeck, L.R.; Fiala, T.; Hasslberger, J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Application of High-Speed OH-PLIF to DDT Experiments. 25th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, 2015 n Boeck, L.R.; Hasslberger, J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Transition to Detonation in Non-Uniform H2-Air: Chemical Kinetics of Shock-Induced Strong Ignition. 25th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, 2015 n Boeck, L.R.; Kink, A.; Oezdin, D.; Hasslberger, J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Influence of Water Mist on Flame Acceleration, DDT and Detonation in H2-air Mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40 (21), 2015, 6995-7004 n Boeck, L.R.; Kink, A.; Oezdin, D.; Hasslberger, J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Influence of Water Mist on Flame Acceleration, Transition to Detonation and Detonation Propagation in H2-Air Mixtures. 25th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, 2015 n Bruder, M.; Bloch, G.; Sattelmayer, T.: Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling – Review of the Current Understanding and Experimental Approaches. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, 2015

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n Fiala, T.; Sattelmayer, T.: Heat Release and UV-Vis Radiation in Non-Premixed Hydrogen-Oxygen Flames. Experiments in Fluids (Volume 56, Issue 144), 2015 n Hampel, B.; Bauer, S.; Heublein, N.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, T.: Feasibility Study on Dehydrogenation of LOHC Using Excess Exhaust Heat from a Hydrogen Fueled Micro Gas Turbine. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Hasslberger, J.; Boeck, L.R.; Sattelmayer, T.: Numerical simulation of deflagration-to-detonation transition in large confined volumes. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries (Volume 36), 2015, 371-379 n Hummel, T.; Temmler, C.; Schuermans B.; Sattelmayer, T.: Reduced Order Modeling of Aeroacoustic Systems for Stability Analysis of Thermoacoustically Non-Compact Gas Turbine Combustors. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Hummel, T.; Schulze, M.; Schuermans, B.; Sattelmayer, T.: Reduced Order Modeling of Transversal and Non-Compact Combustion Dynamics. 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 2015 n Kolb, M.; Ahrens, D.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, T.: A Model for Predicting the Lift-Off Height of Premixed Jets in Vitiated Cross Flow. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, No. GT2015-42225, 2015 n Kroiss, A.; Eyerer, S.; Kuczaty, J.; Thies, C.; Präbst, A.; Spinnler, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Optical Methods for Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Concentration Polarization. Proceedings of the International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, 2015 n Kroiss, A.; Spinnler, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Method for Determining Local Membrane Parameters Based on Boundary Layer Investigations. Proceedings of the International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, 2015 n Kroiss, A.; Spinnler, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: International Competition on Renewable Desalination – TUM DeSal Challenge. Proceedings of the International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, 2015

n Lellek, S.; Sattelmayer, T.: Influence of water injection on heat release distribution, lean blowout and emissions of a premixed swirl flame in a tubular combustor. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Peterleithner, J.; Stadlmair, N.V.; Woisetschläger, J.; Sattelmayer, T.: Analysis of Measured Flame Transfer Functions with Locally Resolved Density Fluctuation and OH-Chemiluminescence Data. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Präbst, A.; Kroiss, A.; Spinnler, M.; Gusarov, A.; Halasah, S.; Sattelmayer, T.: Reverse Osmosis Desalination by Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Systems (PV/T-RO) – Current Status. German-Isreali Cooperation in Water Technology Research, 2015 (Status Conference n Sattelmayer, T.; Schmid, M.; Schulze, M.: Impact of Injector Mass Flow Fluctuations on Combustion Dynamics in Liquid Engines. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (Volume 52/Issue 5), 2015, pp. 14171429 n Sattelmayer, T.; Kathan, R.; Köglmeier, S.; Kaess, R.; Nicole, A.: Validation of Transverse Instability Damping Computations for Rocket Engines. Journal of Propulsion and Power (Volume 31, Issue 4), 2015, 1148-1158 n Sattelmayer, T.; Schmid, M.; Schulze, M.: Interaction of Combustion with Transverse Velocity Fluctuations in Liquid Rocket Engines. Journal of Propulsion and Power (Volume 31, Issue 4), 2015, 1137-1147 n Sattelmayer, T.; Schmid, M.; Schulze, M.: Impact of Injector Mass Flow Fluctuations on Combustion Dynamics in Liquid Engines. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 52 (5), 2015, 1417-1429 n Schulze, M.; Kathan, R.; Sattelmayer, T.: Impact of Absorber Ring Position and Cavity Length on Acoustic Damping. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (Volume 52/Issue 3), 2015, 917-927

n Schulze, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Eigenvalue Analysis for the Prediction of Initial Growth Rates of Thermoacoustic Instability in Rocket Motors. 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2015 n Schulze, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: A Comparison of Time and Frequency Domain Descriptions of High Frequency Acoustics in Rocket Engines with Focus on Dome Coupling. Aerospace Science and Technology (Volume 45), 2015, 165-173 n Schulze, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Frequency domain simulations for the determination of liner effects on longitudinal wave propagation. International Journal of Aeroacoustics Volume 14 (7-8), 2015, 1025-1047 n Stadlmair, N.V.; Wagner, M.; Hirsch, C.; Sattelmayer, T.: Experimentally Determining the Acoustic Damping Rates of a Combustor with a Swirl Stabilized Lean Premixed Flame. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, 2015 n Temmler, C.; Schulze, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Acoustic Scattering Matrices for Higher-Order Modes for Simple Orifice Configurations with Flow. 21st AIAA/ CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2015 n Ullrich, W.C.; Sattelmayer, T.: Transfer Functions of Acoustic, Entropy and Vorticity Waves in an Annular Model Combustor and Nozzle for the Prediction of the Ratio Between Indirect and Direct Combustion Noise. 21th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2015 n Ullrich,W.C.; Bake, F.; Kings, N.; Sattelmayer, T.: Numerical Investigation of Indirect Noise Generation by Accelerated Vorticity. 21th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2015 n Zahn, M.; Schulze, M.; Hirsch, C.; Betz, M.; Sattelmayer, T.: Frequency Domain Predictions of Acoustic Wave Propagation and Losses in a Swirl Burner with Linearized Navier-Stokes Equations. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2015, No. GT2015-4272, 2015

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Sport Equipment and Materials Group R&D in sports technology combining engineering, sports science and computational methods

n Our main ambition in 2014­-15 was to submit two major research proposals for funding; one on mechatronic ski bindings at the German Research Council (DFG) and the other (in collaboration with our TUM Institutes of Automotive Technology and Metal Forming and Casting) on innovative production technologies to receive financing by the Bavarian Research Foundation.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner Contact www.spgm.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15366

From our 2015 research activities four highlights are worth mentioning: n ispo Brand New Award for our start-up ‘tripstix’ in the category Hardware Summer. n Successful launch of heart rate control for electric bicycles.

Towards Better Performance with Optimized Sport Equipment Improving the performance in both top level and leisure time sports is one motivation for our work. The focus is on optimizing the energy transfer between athlete and equipment and on reducing the inherent energy loss. On the equipment level we try to achieve this by n improved fitting to the individual (i.e. golf shaft), n better weight to stiffness ratio (i.e. bicycle frame), n using energy storage & return effects, n optimized heat- and moisture management of sports garments (i.e. new infills for down jackets). One example of our work in this field in 2015 is the patented Tripstix design for highly functional, inflatable stand-up paddle boards. It uses a new dual chamber system technology called ‘VacuuAir’. A vacuum chamber filled with granule encloses a high-pressure chamber, offering additional stability. This allows a board to be designed with the exact shape of a regular surfboard – including thin rails, a delicate nose, and a stable tail.

Bamboo bicycle frame during fatigue tests

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n Artificial leg surrogate went into operation and shows human-like behavior. n Start of an international collaboration with the Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory of the University of Sydney.

Brand New Award prize winning ceremony for TUM start-up Tripstix at ispo. Photo: A. Neumann

With its dual chamber system, the board is extremely stable and safe. It will keep afloat even when punctured. Another optimization related to sports materials has been done on a racing bicycle frame. Its tubes are made of bamboo connected with carbon fiber composites. An extended test program was performed to improve its strength, stiffness and its fatigue behavior with the result of an optimized lay-up design.

Understanding the Interaction between Athlete, Equipment and Environment

Instrumented skier with dynamometers, goniometer, differential GPS and inertia sensors

This important research field in sports engineering has also been part of our work in 2015. We continued a research project on behalf of endoGAP clinics which is motivated by the increasing number of total hip replacements in OECD countries. The majority of these patients regain full mobility and formerly active people like to go back into sports. The aim of the project was a qualified estimation of hip joint loads in alpine skiing, confirmed by reliable field trial measurement data. The questions to be answered: Should their skiing continue to be allowed without reservation and which recommendations for limiting the acceptable skiing manoeuvres should be given?

Attaching and wiring the inertia full body motion capture system

More Safety with Improved Protection Gear Related 2015 Project In alpine skiing knee injuries remain the major challenge for improved protection equipment. Systematic analysis of injury situations and human anatomy suggest that mechatronic ski bindings may provide the solution. Although patents for mechatronic ski binding concepts were submitted in the early eighties, no commercial product has appeared on the market. The main reason is that the algorithm that controls such mechatronic bindings needs a comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction between the external loads and those of the different structures of the knee. An artificial lower leg including an instrumented knee has been realized and combined with a load simulation device. This allows systematic investigation of any combination of external forces and moments and measuring the resulting tension in the critical knee ligaments.

Knee with instrumented ligaments

Artificial surrogate leg with load application unit for the development of mechatronic ski bindings and knee protectors

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Less Effort and More Fun Through Technical Support tive Technology (Professor Lienkamp) we have successfully implemented a control circuit that uses the rider’s heart rate to manipulate the electric power support of this new type of lightweight vehicle, called ‘QuadRad’.

Prototype ‘QuadRad’, a new category of electric driven lightweight vehicle, on the test bench

Electric bicycles are becoming more important as a mean of transportation. One of the biggest issues regarding electric bicycles is their inaccurate prediction of the residual range. For better prediction it is essential to gain detailed knowledge of the cyclists’ fitness, the type of electric bicycle and the environmental resistances. In collaboration with TUM institute Automo-

Research Focus n Improved performance of sport equipment n Safety & protection gear to avoid overloads n Thermo-physiology in sport garment design n Footwear – sport surface interaction n Electric & muscle-powered lightweight vehicles Competence n Muscular-skeletal models & simulation n 3D-motion analysis (optical, inertia, DGPS) n Electromyography (EMG) & spirometry n Measurement of external loads & plantar pressure n Development of physical models (foot & ankle, knee, lower leg)

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Four-wheel electric bicycle ‘Quad­Rad’ with heart rate controlled support

Infrastructure n Mobile skin- and core-temperature measurement n Multi-body simulation software SIMPACK® n Mobile EMG and spirometry n Video-based motion analysis n Leg surrogate with loading device n Instrumented bicycle n 5-axis fatigue testing device for bicycle frames

Courses n Basic Skills of Science n Applied Biomechanics n Sports Technology n Practical Ergonomics n Digital Human Modeling n Advanced Biomechanics n Sports Engineering n Interdisciplinary Research Project

Management: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Veit Senner, Director Administrative Staff: Simona Chiritescu-Kretsch Research Scientists: Dipl.-Ing. Kilian Rauner Dipl.-Sportwiss. Marius Janta, M.Sc. Aljoscha Hermann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Meyer Dipl.-Phys. Jürgen Mitternacht Dipl.-Kfm. techn. Univ. Philipp Kopp Bahador Keshvari, M.Sc. Stefanie Passler, M.Sc.

Publications 2014-15 n Keshvari, B., & Senner, V. (2015). Comparison of Shoe-surface Tractions on Various Playing Surfaces in Futsal. Procedia Engineering, 112, pp. 267-272. n Lehner, S., Frank, I. M., & Senner, V. (2014). Analyse typischer Verletzungsmuster beim Snowboarden unter Verwendung von MKS-, CAD- und FEM-Modellen: dvs Band 244. In A. Baca & M. Stöckl (Eds.), Sportinformatik X (dvs). Schriften der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft, pp. 56-61. Hamburg: Feldhaus Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. n Lehner, S., Huber, N., Baumeister, D., & Michel, F. (2015). Effektivität unterschiedlicher Stabilisierungssysteme des distalen Unterarms in Dorsalextension: Eine Untersuchung unter Verwendung von Computermodellen. Orthopädie Technik. Rehabilitation. Medizinprodukte, 66. Jahrgang (08), pp. 18-23. n Lehner, S., & Senner, V. (2014). Impact Biomechanics – Use of Validated Models for the Evaluation of the Injury Risk. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Digital Human Modelling Symposium (DHM) 2014.

n Lehner, S., Geyer, T., Michel, F. I., Schmitt, K.-U., & Senner, V. (2014). Wrist Injuries in Snowboarding – Simulation of a Worst Case Scenario of Snowboard Falls. Procedia Engineering, 72, pp. 255-260. n Meyer, D., Dungs, C., & Senner, V. (2015). Estimating the Relationship between Heart Rate and Power Output for Short Term Cycling Exercises. Procedia Engineering, 112, pp. 237-243. n Meyer, D., Zhang, W., Tomizuka, M., & Senner, V. (2015). Heart Rate Regulation with Different Heart rate Reference Profiles for Electric Bicycle Riders. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, & D. Schmorrow (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) 2015 and the Affiliated Conferences, Vol. 3, pp. 4213-4220. Elsevier.

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Institute for Energy Systems Power Generation and solid fuel conversion

n The focus of the Institute for Energy Systems in 2014-­15 was to investigate future power generation systems and solid fuel conversion processes.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff Contact www.es.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16270

Our research can be divided into four areas: Power Plant Technology, Renewable Energy, Modeling and Simulation, as well as Measurement Technology. We cooperate with research institutions and industrial companies on a number of national and international research projects. The expertise of the institute is also reflected in the large number of operated testing facilities, and in the utilized measurement technologies. The mechanical workshop, the electronics laboratory, and the chemical laboratory are also essential parts of the experimental operation at our institute.

Key competences regarding modeling and simulation are CFD simulations of combustion and gasification processes, entire process simulations, burner design, form optimization of blade and seal geometry, as well as the simulation of deposition and slagging tendencies. Furthermore, a Siemens GuD Simulator (SPPA-T3000) can be found at the Institute for Energy Systems, which makes it possible to simulate various power plant processes, and to test the control system of power plants.

Power Plant Technology

Pressurized entrained flow reactor

With a stronger presence of renewable energy sources in the power grid, combined cycles and coal-fired thermal power plants are subject to more frequent and larger load changes. The evaporator as a component in thermal power plants and its dynamic behavior is of great interest for flexible power plants. To investigate the evaporation process under dynamic conditions, an evaporator test rig is being installed at the institute. Further test rigs include an oxyfuel combustion chamber and entrained flow reactors. The oxyfuel combustion of coal is one of the three main research routes for the development of coal-fired power 220

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plants with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) systems. The aim is to develop and demonstrate combustion and boiling systems on a commercial scale. Coal power plants on the basis of IGCC technology (integrated gasification combined cycle) mainly use entrained flow gasifiers and offer the advantage of high efficiency and the opportunity for effective CCS. The primary objective of the work at the institute is to lay the necessary foundations for the long-term development of future, highly efficient high-temperature gasification processes with integrated hot gas purification and optional CCS for IGCC power plants and processes for the development of synthetic fuels. Further projects investigate the development of a corrosion reduction concept and the potential of the SNCR process, in order to reduce the emissions of waste combustion facilities. The SNCR research focuses on ammonia injection in substoichiometric zones. Projects n Energy Valley Bavaria – High pressure evaporation facility n OnCord – Online corrosion monitoring for combined combustion of coal and chlorine-rich biomasses

n HotVeGas – High-temperature gasification and gas purification n KorrMind – Development of a corrosion reduction concept n Robust and efficient NOx reduction

with ammonia injection in a reducing flue gas atmosphere n COOREFLEX-turbo – Performance and characteristics of modern dynamic sealing concepts

Renewable Energy The use of biomass for electricity and heat production has moved increasingly into focus. In the biomass work group the goal is to investigate and to solve problems and limitations that arise in the thermal use of biomass. Key aspects are the reduction of emissions and unburned materials, trace elements like sulfur and chlorine compounds, as well as alkalis and particles. Together with Suncoal Industries GmbH, focusing on the process of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), the conversion of biochar in an entrained flow gasifier is investigated. A procedure for the treatment and methanation of the product gas from a biomass gasifier is developed as well. The processed gas has to meet the criteria for integration into

the natural gas grid. Furthermore, within the framework of the SOFCOM project, the ability to use solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as an efficient means of biomass generation in combined cooling, heat, and power facilities is investigated. The focus lies on decentralized facilities for the use of locally produced biomass. Projects n FLUHKE – Entrained flow gasification with biochar n FNR – Thermal use of biomass in high-temperature processes n SOFCOM – Solid oxide fuel cells n SNG – Decentralized production of synthetic natural gas from biomass

SNG test rig

Modeling and Simulation Modeling and simulation of solid fuel conversion play an important role in several projects mentioned above, e.g. HotVeGas, RELCOM and NOx reduction. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are applied in order to gain a more detailed understanding of several combustion and gasification processes. Furthermore, entire process simulations aim at evaluating the complete power plant system and possible synergies. As the flexibility of power plants gets into the focus of the operators – in addition to efficiency and economy – the interaction of power plant processes during dynamic operation is investigated by means of dynamic simulations of power plants. An improved process understanding helps to develop better operating strategies and optimized power plant configurations. Two different

power plant types are investigated: combined cycle power plants and coal-fired power plants. Also the economic use of waste heat is a focus of research. The use of waste heat at low temperatures with organic Rankine cycles (ORC) is examined at the Institute by means of process simulations. Projects n Energy Valley Bavaria – Dynamic simulation of power plants n ESPOSA – Efficient systems and propulsion for small aircraft n Misselhorn cycle – Waste heat utilization at low temperatures n GRAME – Deep-geothermal plants in the Southern German Molasse Basin n TcET – Thermochemical energy storage unit for power plants and industrial heat

CFD analysis of a steam generator

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Research Focus n Power plant technology n Renewable energies n Modeling and simulation n Measurement technology Competence n Combustion and gasification of solid n Steam cycles and waste heat utilization n Operation of pilot- and lab-scale test facilities n Process simulations and CFD simulations n Laser measurement technologies n Fuel and gas analysis Infrastructure n Fuel laboratory and thermobalances n Mechanical workshop and electronics laboratory n Experimental facilities and test rigs (in particular combustion and gasification reactors) Courses n Basic Course in Reaction Thermodynamics n Chemical Reactors n Energy and Economy n Energy from Biomass and Residuals n Electricity Networks and Energy Markets n Energy Systems I n Electricity and Heat Storages n Numerical Methods for Energy Systems n Process Technology and Ecology in Modern Power Plants n Renewable Energy Technology I/II n Solarthermal Power Plants n Steam Turbines n Sustainable Energy Systems n Thermal Power Plants (M.Sc. Power Engineering) n Thermodynamics in Energy Conversion (M.Sc. Power Engineering)

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Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff, Director Dr.-Ing. Stephan Gleis Dr.-Ing. Christoph Wieland Dr.-Ing. Annelies Vandersickel Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Fendt Administrative Staff Brigitte Demmel Xiaolu Pei Martina Rath Heike Winter Research Scientists Amir Aboueldahab, M.Sc. Michael Angerer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Baumgartner Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Becker Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Briesemeister Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Buttler Sebastian Eyerer, M.Sc. Felix Fischer, M.Sc. Michael Geis, M.Sc. Andreas Geißler, M.Sc. Moritz Gleinser, M.Sc. Stefan Härzschel, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Halama Julia Hentschel, M.Sc. Stephan Herrmann, M.Sc. Barbara Hetterich, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Jell Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Kahlert Florian Kerscher, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Kleinhans Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kohlhepp Michael Kremling, M.Sc. Philipp Kurowski, M.Sc. Wei Liu, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Raphael Marro Dominik Meinel, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Meysel Peter Ostermeier, M.Sc. Roberto Pili, M.Sc. Dr. Alexander Pugachev Dipl.-Ing. Roman Rück Dipl.-Ing. Gerrit Schatte Dipl.-Ing. Kristina Speth Markus Steibel, M.Sc. Andreas Stephan, M.Sc. Markus Ulbrich, M.Sc. Miriam Vogt, M.Sc. Christian Wolf, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Christoph Berkel Albert Daschner Andrea Hartung Christopher Hofschaller Jürgen Knösch Markus Kohr

Lino Krause Robert Riss Dipl.-Ing. Simon Schatzmann Benedikt Schels Margarethe Schwindl Marten Tank

Publications 2015 (selected publications) n Gaszner, M.: Rotordynamische Charakterisierung von Dichtungssystemen zur Anwendung in Kraftwerksdampfturbinen, Dissertation, 2015 n Halama, S.; Spliethoff, H.: Numerical simulation of entrained flow gasification: Reaction kinetics and char structure evolution. Fuel Processing Technology 138, 2015, 314-324 n Hentschel, J.; Kahlert, St.; Kohlhepp, A.; Schatte, G. A.: Steigerung der Lastdynamik thermischer Kraftwerke. BWK 67 (6), 2015, 9-12 n Herrmann, S.; Gaderer, M.; Spliethoff, H.: Integrated Gasification and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System. The 40th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, 2015 n Liu, W.; Meinel, D.; Gleinser, M.; Wieland, C.; Spliethoff, H.: Optimal Heat Source Temperature for thermodynamic optimization of subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles. Energy 88, 2015, 897-906 n Pugachev, A. O.; Gaszner, M.; Georgakis, C.; Cooper, P. G.: Segmentation Effects on Brush Seal Leakage and Rotordynamic Coefficients. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 2015

n Pugachev, A. O.; Ravikovich, Y. A.; Savin, L. A.: Flow structure in a short chamber of a labyrinth seal with a backward-facing step. Computers & Fluids 114, 2015, 39-47 n Pugachev, A. O.; Sheremetyev, A. V.; Tykhomirov, V. V.; Shpilenko, O. I.: Structural Dynamics Optimization of Rotor Systems for a Small-Size Turboprop Engine. J. of Propulsion and Power 31, 2015, 1083-1093 n Speth, K.; Murer, M.; Spliethoff, H.: NOx-Minderung mit Ammoniak, Potential und Herausforderung. Forschungskolloquium Bioenergie, 2015 n Trubetskaya, A.; Jensen, P. A.; Jensen, A. D.; Steibel, M.; Spliethoff, H.; Glarborg, P.: Influence of fast pyrolysis conditions on yield and structural transformation of biomass chars. Fuel Processing Technology 140, 2015, 205-214 n Wieland, C.; Kleinhans, U.; Spliethoff, H.: Simulation of Fine Dust Emission from Coal Combustion. The 40th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, 2015

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Institute of Machine Elements Calculation, simulation and experimental analysis of gears, synchronizers, clutches and rolling element bearings

n The Institute of Machine Elements (FZG) focuses on the development of methods and tools for reliable determination of fatigue life, efficiency, friction and vibration characteristics of gears and transmission elements.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl Contact www.fzg.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15807

The Institute of Machine Elements, also known as ‘Gear Research Centre’ (FZG), is an established internationally renowned research centre for gears and transmissions. The development of methods and tools for reliable determination of fatigue life, efficiency and vibration characteristics of gears and transmission elements is the primary focus of research activities at FZG. FZG has state-of-the-art facilities for the examination and testing of different machine elements – such as gears, synchronizers, clutches and rolling element bearings. The research projects of FZG range from theory-oriented basic research to application-related work. The projects are financed and supported by different organisations. A large number of these projects are initiated, financed and supervised by the Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. (FVA), usually together with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF). Other important research partners include the

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, the Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V. (DGMK), the FVV or the Stahlforschung. In addition, many application-oriented projects are requested and commissioned directly by industry. Our education lecture series and exercises in machine elements represent the basic training of mechanical engineering. In the lecture, the students learn to select machines and machine elements properly, to design them and to calculate their properties. This knowledge is then practically applied to design and calculation examples within the lecture-related exercises. A very important aspect of this is that the students learn to communicate in the ‘engineer’s language’ – with sketches and drawings. Practical relevance and topicality are also an important criteria for lectures with special subjects. Last but not least, this is ensured with lectures by executives from industry.

Research Components The focus of research activities is the experimental and theoretical examination of gear components and drive systems.

Cylindrical Gears

Back-to-back gear test rig (a=91.5mm)

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Cylindrical gears are the most common transmission types. The fatigue life of cylindrical gears is limited by pitting, micro-pitting, scuffing, wear, tooth root breakage

or tooth flank breakage. The basis for the experimental examination of such gear damage is the standard FZG back-to-back gear test rig, which was developed by FZG and is used all over the world. The described types of damages, as well as material, lubricant and efficiency examinations for external and internal gearings, can thereby be carried out very efficiently. In addition to sufficient load-carrying capacity and good noise characteristics, research is increasingly focusing on the efficiency performance of gears.

Exemplary projects n AiF project ‘Verlustleistung von Stirnradverzahnungen’ n AiF project ‘Optimierung Flankentragfähigkeit’

n FVA project ‘Flankenbruch Stirnräder’ n AiF project ‘Fettschmierung Kleingetriebe’ n Industrial project ‘Ultrafan’ Rolls Royce

Bevel and Hypoid Gears Bevel gears are used for power and torque transmission between non-parallel axes. The main application field of bevel gears is the automotive industry. However, bevel gears are also used in large numbers in train and ship propulsion, as well as in industrial gearboxes. The FZG hypoid gear test rig was developed for life tests on bevel and hypoid gears. Like the FZG back-to-back gear test rig, this rig operates on the principle of the mechanical power circuit. These test rigs are used for the examination of tooth root and tooth flank loadcarrying capacity, as well as for hypoid gear oil tests.

Exemplary projects n AiF project ‘Kegelrad-Carbonitrieren’ n FVA project ‘Vorauslegung Beveloidräder’ n AiF project ‘Erweiterte Tellerradgrübchentragfähigkeit’

Left: bevel and hypoid gear test rig Above: Hypoid gear

gears causes higher power losses with increasing transmission ratio. With torque measurement shafts, efficiency tests for every operating condition can be performed with these test rigs. The tooth root load-carrying capacity of worm gears can be determined within pulsator tests.

Left: worm gear test rig Above: worm gear

Worm Gears Worm gears offer the possibility of realising high transmission ratios in only one stage. Thus a considerably high axial sliding occurs, leading to reduced efficiencies. Due to the large overlap, worm gears have low noise and vibration levels. Self-locking and self-braking are possible by appropriate choice of the gear geometry. The application of worm gears as power gearboxes is mainly limited by wear, pitting or limited efficiency. Other material combinations than the conventional combination of steel and bronze are more endangered by scuffing. Both electrically and hydrostatically loaded test rigs are available for the determination of sliding wear, pitting and scuffing of common worm gear bronzes, as well as brass, grey cast iron and spheroidal cast iron. The results are represented as specific wear or scuffing damage in correlation to the drive torque or as pitting growth over the number of load cycles. The high percentage of sliding for worm

Exemplary projects n AiF project ‘Schnecken-Schraubradgetriebe II’ n AiF project ‘Schneckenrad Fertigungsparameter’ n FVA project ‘SCHRAD2’ Institute of Machine Elements

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Synchronizers

Above: synchronizer Right: ZF/FZG SSP-180 test rig

In vehicle manual and DCT transmissions, gears are changed by the actuation of tooth clutches. Synchronizers are used to realise equal rotational speed in the tooth clutch, which is necessary for convenient gear shifting. The requirements for synchronizers are application-specific and cover a wide spectrum. Besides a

high torque transfer capability and related high energy and power density for the friction material and the lubricant, low wear and high long-term stability of the friction behaviour, as well as convenient gear shifting are important development objectives. Examinations of friction, wear and service life behaviour of synchronizers are carried out with the FZG standard synchronizer test rig ZF/FZG SSP-180. Exemplary projects n FVA project ‘Carbon-/Sinter-Reibungsverhalten’ n FVA project ‘Schädigungsmechanismen Carbon-Reibwerkstoffe’

Multidisc Clutches

Above: multidisc clutches Right: KLP-260 disc clutch test rig

Oil-lubricated multidisc clutches and brakes are used for example in automatic transmissions for gear shifting and for frictionally engaged power transmission. Multidisc clutches are characterised by a high power density in a compact design. They can be actuated under load and difference in rotational speed because the torque is transmitted by friction. Functional and service-life behaviour depend to a large extent on the load and the friction system. The

mechanical and thermal load of the clutch which occurs during the shift operations are not constant in practical application but vary due to different shifting conditions. The friction, wear, drag loss and service-life behaviour of oil-lubricated multidisc clutches are examined with the FZG multidisc clutch test rigs. Accordingly, an evaluation of the influences of friction material, groove pattern, volume of oil flow, lubricant and load on friction, wear and drag loss behavior is possible. Exemplary projects n FVA project ‘Carbon-Ölverträglichkeit’ n FVA project ‘Carbon-Ölverträglichkeit II’ n AiF project ‘Spontanschäden Lamellenkupplungen’ n AiF project ‘Langsamlaufschlupf Lamellenkupplungen’

Rolling Element Bearings Rolling element bearings are used for the guidance of axles and shafts, whereby they absorb radial and/or axial forces and 226

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simultaneously allow the rotation of the shaft or of the mounted components. Thus the friction and power loss should be kept

to a minimum. With the bearing power loss test rig of the FZG, the bearing losses under load or no-load can be measured for various bearing arrangements. These results then can be used for the validation of the common calculation methods for the determination of the bearing losses. Taking bearing losses in the test rig into account, the resulting gearing losses can be determined. Wear and frictional behaviour of bearings depend on the lubricant used. Evaluation of lubricant samples is possible on the roller bearing lubricant test rig FE-8, according to DIN 51819, for the determination of anti-wear capacity.

Rolling element bearings power loss test rig

Exemplary project n FVA project ‘Lebensdauer-Industriegetriebe-Wälzlager’

Research Topics In addition to the investigation of transmission components, the FZG also focuses on basic and comprehensive research topics of transmissions and machine elements in general.

EHL-Tribological Contact For gear drives, the ratio of sliding to rolling along the path of contact is variable. Basic investigations on rolling and sliding contacts are performed on twindisc machines, which make it possible to adjust any slide-roll ratios at different rotational speeds. Local measurements of pressure, temperature and film thickness can be performed by means of thinfilm sensors. Theoretical consideration and calculations (EHL theory) supplement the experiments. In classical hydrodynamics, the contact surfaces are assumed to be rigid. The lubricant wedge formation only depends on the lubricant and the speed ratios of both contact partners. This simplification is not possible for high pressures. The flexible deformation of the contact area, as well as the viscosity change in the contact zone on the basis of differences in temperature and the high local pressure, can no longer be neglected. These effects are recorded on computed distributions of pressure, temperature and lubricant

EHL film thickness distribution

film thickness in the contact by applying the EHL theory. Complex simulations can be used to calculate them numerically. Consequently main shear and octahedron stresses below the surface of the two contact partners can be determined.

Influence of a DLC coating in gear contacts

Exemplary projects n DFG project ‘Reinhart Koselleck-Projekt’ n DFG project ‘Triboinduzierte Schichten / SPP 1551’ n FVA project ‘LFP Öberflächenbeschichtungen’ n AiF project ‘CHEOPS3‘

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Load-Carrying Capacity

Scuffings on a spur gear

A large part of the research topics deals with the load-carrying capacity of the components cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and worm gears, as well as multidisc clutches, synchronizers and rolling element bearings. For gears, fatigue lifetime is often limited by pitting, micropitting, wear, scuffing, tooth root breakage and tooth flank fracture. The results of many research projects at FZG are gained from theoretical and

experimental investigations. In order to develop a method, simulation models are usually developed and validated by extensive experimental studies. Exemplary project n FVA project ‘Gleitgelagerte WellenLager-Systeme’

Dynamics/NVH Internal additional dynamic forces, which change tooth stress and affect noise behaviour of the transmission, occur in running transmissions. The NVH behaviour of gears is becoming more and more important due to increased customer expectations regarding noise. The additional dynamic forces must be considered

during development of high-performance transmissions. Experimental and theoretical investigations are used to determine these additional dynamic forces and to develop and improve analytical calculation models for the simulation of excitation and vibration behaviour.

Efficiency In addition to sufficient load-carrying capacity and good noise characteristics, research is increasingly focusing on the efficiency performance of gears. Efficiency investigations on oil- or grease-lubricated cylindrical gears are carried out with the FZG efficiency test rigs under different operating conditions. In parallel, oil distribution and no-load losses are determined by means of CFD simulations and validated with results of experiments.

Efficiency test rig

Fatigue Life Analysis In the context of fatigue life analysis, the fatigue life of gears can be determined under time-varying operating conditions, e.g. for vehicles and industrial applications. Load, temperature and speed spectra, which are determined from real operating conditions and modified

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for operation in the test rig, are used to investigate this fatigue life. In pulsators or back-to-back gear test rigs with hydraulic load application the load can be varied during the operation according to these load spectra. Thus fatigue life investigations are possible.

Alternative Materials, Composites and Coatings Plastic gears can be advantageous in specific transmission applications. The high material damping has a positive effect on the noise behaviour, the low mass and mass inertia can be distinguished in transmissions, which are subject to high accelerations. The main advantage of plastic gears is their dry run capability. This makes them ideal for applications e.g. in the field of medical technology, food processing or the printing industry, where lubrication is not possible for functional or hygienic reasons. High friction losses in the dry run capability of plastic gears limit the transmittable power from a thermal viewpoint. Loss-optimised gears exhibit significantly lower friction losses by concentrating the meshing around the pitch point. A composite structure, in which the teeth are made of steel and the wheel body is

made of plastic, combines the advantages of steel and plastic gearings. Besides increasing the lightweight design potential, it is possible to manipulate the dynamic system behavior favorably by using composite gears. Moreover the tribological properties and the flank load-carrying capacity of steel gearings can be optimised by using extremely hard coatings e.g. amorphous carbon coatings. The impact of such coatings on efficiency and fatigue life is investigated at FZG.

Plastic gear with steel body

Exemplary projects n StMBKWK project ‘FORCIM3A’ n StMBKWK project ‘Kronenradverzahnungen’ n DFG project ‘Kunststoffzahnräder’

Drive Systems/Electromechanical Drives The demand for sustainable mobility requires the development of innovative drive systems with optimised energy management. One opportunity of realising this is represented by hybrid drive systems, which are a combination of several different power sources and aggregates. The research into hybrid drive systems at the FZG has been carried out since 1993. The main topics are conception and simulation of hybrid drive systems. For the development of alternative drive systems, special simulation tools have been engineered to evaluate the properties of drive concepts. The aim of complete vehicle simulations is the determination of fuel economy and driving dynamics for different driving cycles and manoeuvres. A variety of configurations and parameters must be identified for concept studies; especially high requirements are necessary with respect to the computational time of simulation models. Nevertheless a high degree of flexibility and expandability must be given in order to detail the vehicle models for further analysis.

A special highlight in this field is the ‘Active Differential’. The lightweight, compact and efficient system with torque vectoring function in the drive train of Visio.M (TUM electric vehicle) offers a high potential for increasing driving dynamics and recuperation performance. The aim of the project Speed2E is the development, optimization and construction of a high speed powertrain for electrical automotive applications, which allows a tripling of motor speed. During the project aspects like efficiency, tooth excitation and vibration transmissions are considered.

Powertrain Visio.M

Exemplary Projects n StMBKWK project ‘FZGAugsburg Ressourceneffiziente Antriebstechnik’ n BMWi project ’Speed2E – Hochdrehzahl-Getriebe’ n DFG project ‘SplitVerbrennungsmotor’

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Research Focus n Experimental examinations and simulations of gear systems and components n Load-carrying capacity, efficiency and NVH of cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and worm gears n Durability and friction behaviour of multidisc clutches and synchronizers Competence n Calculation, simulation and experimental analysis of load-carrying capacity, efficiency and NVH of gears n Standardisation: DIN/ISO/CEC n FVA/VDI/DGMK n Failure analysis, seminars, trainings Infrastructure n Test facility (> 80 test rigs) n Measuring laboratory n Materials laboratory n Lubricants laboratory n Electro/electronic laboratory n Workshop n Gear grinding machine LGG 280

Courses n Machine Elements I + II n Drive-Systems Technology for Vehicles n High-performance Gears for Marine Drives, Wind Energy Plants and Industrial Applications n Design of Gearboxes with Cylindrical Gears n Bevel and Hypoid Gears for Vehicle Drive Systems n Special Section Machine Elements – Rolling Pairing n Synchromesh Systems and Multidisc Clutches

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Emeritus Prof. i. R. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn Guest Lecturers Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Hirt Dr.-Ing. Burkhard Pinnekamp, Renk AG Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas, Voith AG Department Leaders Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Kadach Dr.-Ing. Michael Otto Dr.-Ing. Hermann Pflaum Dr.-Ing. Johann-Paul Stemplinger Dr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie Senior Engineers (retired) Dr.-Ing. Klaus Michaelis Dr.-Ing. Peter Oster Team Leaders Dipl.-Ing. Florian Dobler Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Dräxl Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Idler Thomas Lohner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Werner Sigmund Administrative Staff Kornelia Güth Andrea Baur Sigrid Mayr Heidrun Wolf Robert Rauschmayer

Gear grinding machine Liebherr LGG 280

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Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Director

Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Robert Acuner Dipl.-Ing. Markus Baar Sabrina Bansemir, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ivan Boiadjiev Dipl.-Ing. Markus Daffner Dipl.-Ing. Rui Dai Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Dobler Martin Ebner, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Engelhardt Andreas Fingerle, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Fischer Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Fromberger Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Gwinner Dipl.-Ing. Christian Güntner Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hasl Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein

Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Jurkschat Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Kohn Dipl.-Ing. Johannes König Christoph Leonhardt, M.Sc. Hua Liu, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Eva-Maria Mautner Dipl.-Ing. Georg Johann Meingaßner Marco Mileti, M.Sc. Philipp Norgauer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Parlow Tobias Paucker, M.Sc. Josef Pellkofer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Reimann Dipl.-Ing. Hansjörg Schultheiß Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schurer Martin Sedlmair, M.Sc. Felix Siglmüller, M.Sc. Ulrich Stockinger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Strebel Maximilian Trübswetter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thanak Utakapan Dipl.-Ing. Katharina Völkel Christian Weber, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Weigl Uwe Weinberger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Carolin Wickborn Andreas Ziegltrum, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Zimmer Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Zornek

Workshop & Testing Management Dipl.-Ing. Rui Dai Reiner Duschek Karl Maier Markus Pflügler Workshop & Testing Staff Richard Brandoni Franz Hofmann Robert Kiermeier Harald Mayr Heiko Preuß Thomas Rath Oliver Timm Christian Weber Klaus Winkler Wilma Leykamm Ingeborg Brodschelm Marco Breidinger Helmut Kammerer Ralf Kiepfer Josef Pöllner Christopher Neufeld

Selected Publications 2015 n Lohner, T.; Merz, R.; Mayer, J.; Michaelis, K.; Kopnarski, M.; Stahl, K.: On the Effect of Plastic Deformation (PD) Additives in Lubricants. Tribologie + Schmierungstechnik 62, Heft: 2, pp. 13-24 (2015). n Fischer, P.; Dräxl, T.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Leichtbau in der mechanischen Antriebstechnik – Gewicht einsparen. KEM, Heft: S1-2015, pp. 38-39. n Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: Gearbox Efficiency – Focus on Measurements and Lubricant Influences. SAIT. Eleventh International Tribology Conference of the South African Institute of Tribology, Pretoria (2015). n Stemplinger, J.-P.: FZG and Different Testing Methods for Lubricant Influences on Gear Failure Modes. SAIT. Eleventh International Tribology Conference of the South African Institute of Tribology, Pretoria (2015). n Völkel, K.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Analyse des thermischen Verhaltens nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen mit dem FVA-Programm KUPSIM. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2015, Karlsruhe (2015). n Dräxl, T.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Neue Erkenntnisse über Schleppverluste an Lamellenkupplungen. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2015, Karlsruhe (2015).

n Dobler, F.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influence of Low Temperature Treatments on the Load Carrying Capacity of Case-Hardened Gears – Influences on the Tooth Root Bending Strength. CWD – Center for Wind Power Drives – RWTH Aachen. 2nd Conference for Wind Power Drives – CWD 2015, Aachen (2015). n Hensel, M.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Schädigungsverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen – Korrelation von thermischer Beanspruchung und Schädigung. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2015, Karlsruhe (2015). n Reimann, T.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: Der Fresstest A/44/Cr – eine Methode zur Prüfung des Fress- und Verschleißverhaltens von Hypoidölen. Tribologie + Schmierungstechnik 62, Heft: 2, pp. 45-53. n Gwinner, P.; Idler, S.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Gear Design for a High-Speed E-Drive. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 – VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichshafen (2015). n Sedlmair, M.; Geiger, J.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: Efficiency potential of a manual transmission – Simulation of optimization measures in gears and lubricants. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 – VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichshafen (2015).

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n Zimmer, M.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Uniform geometry calculation of arbitrary gear types for automotive gearings. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 – VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichshafen (2015). n Lohner, T.; Mayer, J.; Stahl, K.: EHL Contact Temperature – Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Determination. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015). n Strebel, M.; Wirth, M.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: The drag torque behavior of manual transmission synchronizers. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015). n Weigl, A.; Lohner, T.; Mayer, J.; Stahl, K.: EHL Contact Temperature – Experimental Determination using New Generation Thin Film Sensors. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015). n Bobzin, K.; Brögelmann, T.; Stahl, K.; Michaelis, K.; Mayer, J.; Hinterstoisser, M.: Friction reduction of highly-loaded rolling-sliding contacts by surface modifications under elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. Wear, 328-329. n Stahl, K.; Idler, S.: Der Speed2E-Hochdrehzahl-Antriebsstrang. FVA – FVV – VDMA. 7. Expertenforum Elektrische Fahrzeugantriebe (2015). n Kadach, D.; Matt, P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influences of the facing edge condition on the flank load carrying capacity of helical gears. ASME 2015 International Design engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Computers and Information in Engeineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (2015). n Dobler, F.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influence of low temperatures on material properties and tooth root bending strength of case-hardened gears. ASME 2015 Intrnational Design engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Computers and Information in Engeineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (2015). n König, J.; Koller, P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Correlation of relevant case properties and the flank load carrying capacity of case-hardened gears. ASME 2015 Intrnational Design engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Computers and Information in Engeineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (2015). n Schultheiss, H.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: The Effect of Selected Grease Components on the Wear Behavior of Grease-Lubricated Gears. Journal of Tribology, Heft: 138, only online (2016). n Ebner, M.; Lohner, T.; Weigl, A.; Michaelis, K.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.: Hochbelastete und schnmierstoffgetränkte Wälzpaarungen aus sintermaterial ohne externe Schmierstoffzuführung. GfT. 56. Tribologie Fachtagung, Göttingen (2015). n Sartori, S.; Gasparini, G.; Stahl, K.; Tobie, T.; Felbermaier, M.: Micro-pitting Failure Analysis and Lesson Learned in Helicopter Planetary Gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Boiadjiev, I.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: New Method for Calculation of the Load Carrying Capacity of Bevel and Hypoid Gears regarding Tooth Flank Fracture. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

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n Dobler, A.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.; Hergesell, M.: Increased Tooth Bending Strength and Pitting Load Capacity of Fine Module Gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Langheinrich, A.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Geometry, strain and deformation of asymmetric spur gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Schultheiss, H.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influences on failure modes and load carrying capacity of grease lubricated gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Neubauer, B.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Efficient calculation of load distribution and design of tooth flank modifications in planetary gear systems – Static load and deformation analysis in a fully coupled mechanical model of a gear box structure with LAPLASn. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Sigmund, W.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Simulating the wear behaviour of worm gears with local contact pattern. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Wickborn, C.; Tobie, T.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.: HiPerComp: High performance materials for gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Nitsch, C.; Otto, M.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.: Vibration and Damping Characteristics of Steel-PolymerCompound-Gears evaluated on a Back-to-Back Test Rig. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015). n Hubert, T.; Bauser, M.; Hasl, C.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Load carrying capacity of cylindrical plastic gears – Requirements of injection molded plastic test gears for back-to-back and pulsator testing. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

Institute of Automation and Information Systems Engineering and operation of intelligent, reconfigurable, distributed cyber-physical production systems

n In 2015, the Institute of Automation and Information Systems (AIS) focused on analyzing, establishing and improving novel methods, approaches and tools to address the challenges that result from the increasing demand to produce customer­-specific, individual products in the machine and plant manufacturing domain. Therein, innovative approaches for Industry 4.0-capable systems have been and are being developed to improve both the engineering and the operation of cyber-physical production systems. Among others, technologies and methods applied at AIS are agent-based and service-oriented approaches as well as modeling approaches – both semi-formal and formal – to provide novel concepts for designing and operating intelligent, reconfigurable, distributed cyber-physical production systems. Especially methods and technologies from the computer science domain are used and adapted to address the challenges in automation and in the machine and plant manufacturing domain. Moreover, taking the interaction with humans and machines into account, the methods and approaches developed

at AIS are analyzed and evaluated in realworld scenarios and together with experts from industry.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser Contact www.ais.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16400

Research focus of the Institute of Automation and Information Systems

Intelligent, Reconfigurable, Distributed Cyber-Physical Production Systems

Open research demonstrator „myJoghurt“ (Starterkit available from http://i40d.ais.mw.tum.de)

The ever-increasing complexity and dimensions of automated production systems in industrial automation require a high degree of flexibility and intelligence in and among system components. Hence, one aspect being addressed by AIS is to explore the advantages of such intelligent, reconfigurable and distributed systems contrary to their disadvantages, e.g. the extended need for communication. Therefore, at AIS, notations, methods and tools are developed for the design of agent-oriented automation software for machines and production plants in both the manufacturing and process automation domain. By that, the design, implementation and operation of distributed, intelligent cyber-physical production systems can be simplified, comprehensibility can be increased and, thus, acceptance in industry can be enhanced. In 2015, two Institute of Automation and Information Systems

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novel research projects (namely aComA and iSikon) were established that address the need for flexibility and reconfigurability in the logistics domain. Moreover, the joint demonstrator ‘myJoghurt’ was extended together with three further German institutes – thereby enlarging the demonstrator towards eight participants. Furthermore, since 2015, ‘myJoghurt’ is contained in the ‘Landkarte Industrie 4.0’*, which has been initiated by the ‘Plattform Industrie 4.0’ initiative. Besides others, together with international robot companies, the same architecture and platform was applied for a collaborative production. Using simple scenarios, the coupling of

locally distributed production systems in an automatic and dynamic manner can be demonstrated using ‘myJoghurt’. Projects n BayFor Project – Automatische Codegenerierung für modulare Anlagen (aComA) n BMBF Project – Sichere, dynamische Vernetzung in Operationssaal und Klinik (OR.NET) n DFG Project – Gesteigerte Flexibilität in heterogen aufgebauten Materialflusssystemen auf Basis intelligenter Softwareagenten in selbstkonfigurierender Fördertechnik (iSikon)

Model-based Engineering of Variant-rich Interdisciplinary Manufacturing Systems

Extended Pick and Place Unit (xPPU) – demonstrator for safety, modes of operation and communication technologies

Besides improving the operation of Industrie 4.0-capable systems, one major area of interest for AIS is the engineering of automated production systems. Therein, AIS investigates concepts and methods towards the model-based development of such systems – both in the (discrete) manufacturing engineering domain and in the (continuous) process engineering domain. A special focus is put on the interdisciplinary character of the design of industrial automation systems as well as on increasing the transparency and handling the complexity throughout the workflow of automation systems design and operation. * http://www.plattform-i40.de/I40/Navigation/DE/ In-der-Praxis/Karte/karte.html, retrieved 2015/12/11.

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As one major success in 2015 – not only for AIS as coordinator, but also for the entire research team – the DFG approv­ed the extension of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 768 for a third funding period of four years. Moreover, AIS was able to establish further research projects within the second funding period of the Priority Programme (PP) 1593. In addition, concepts for the integration of energy aspects with the modeling of the operating performance (behavior) of production systems and automotive systems are explored (cf. research project ProMES). Therefore, different modeling languages are investigated and adapted for these different classes of mechatronic systems and corresponding editors and tool environments have been developed. For the coupling and synchronization of heterogeneous models, model transformations as well as formal methods for consistency checking have been investigated and successfully applied. Concern­ ing the transfer of research results into industrial applications, a major outcome of this field of research is the successful realization of approaches for model-based automation software development, code generation, and model-based debugging (e.g. within the completed projects ZuMaTra and MoBaTest) as well

as software testing inside a development environment for automation software that is widely used in industry. As one core aspect of industrial automation software, a working group ‘Modularity, Variant and Version Management in Industrial Automation’ was established together with companies in the packaging, wood processing and automotive domain. Our core demonstrator – the Pick and Place Unit – was extended in 2015 to address further, industry-relevant aspects such as safety, modes of operation and novel communication technologies. Projects n BMBF Project – Automatisches Generieren von Fertigungsmanagementsystemen (für die Lebensmittelindustrie) (AutoMES)

n DFG Project – Regression Verification in a User-Centered Software Development Process for Evolving Automated Production Systems (SPP 1593, project IMPROVE APS) n DFG Project – Domain-spanning Maintainability Estimation (SPP 1593, project DoMain) n DFG Project – Self-Maintenance of Mechatronic Modules (SFB 768, subproject A6) n DFG Project – Diagnosis and Resolution of Inconsistencies in Heterogeneous Models (SFB 768, subproject D1) n DFG Project – Decision making support in innovation processes under con­ sideration of the technical disciplines (SFB 768, subproject T3) n EU Project – Innovative Modelling Approaches for Production Systems to Raise Validatable Efficiency (IMPROVE)

Human-Machine Interaction as well as Data Integration and Processing to Support Humans This field of research addresses the design and evaluation of human-machineinterfaces (HMI) for operators as well as engineering support systems. The research field concerns supporting the operating personnel in training, commissioning, process monitoring, process optimizing, and diagnosis by means of appropriate visualization methods of process and message data during the operation phase of technical plants. The current trend in industry is to replace the classical 2D visualization systems in control rooms for process monitoring and operation by new visualization technologies such as 3D visualization as well as augmented reality and their visualization on mobile devices. Today’s challenges cover the extraction of beneficial information from the rising flood of process data to e.g. detect faults. This information is collected by data aggregation and data analysis from many different data sources. Fault characteristics are not only characteristics indicating a fault, but also symptoms that indicate causal impact of a fault within a system. Based on this analysis the system can provide recom-

mendations to the operator on how he has to intervene in the process. AIS, therefore, not only investigates scalable integration concepts for aggregating and analyzing big industrial data sets (cf. project SIDAP), but also visualization and navigation concepts (cf. SFB 768 D2) to support stakeholders in the industrial automation domain. Projects n BMWi Project – Skalierbares Integrationskonzept zur Datenaggregation, -analyse, -aufbereitung von großen Datenmengen in der Prozessindustrie (SIDAP) n DFG Project – Interactive Visualization and Navigation in Heterogeneous Models (SFB 768, subproject D2) n KME Project – Prozesszustandsbasiertes Monitoring von Produktionsanlagen durch MES (ProMES)

Exemplary challenges of heterogeneous models

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Research Focus n Model-based engineering n Quality management n Distributed, intelligent control systems n Software agents, service-oriented architectures n Machine learning n Cyber-physical production systems n Information processing n Human factors Competence n Improvement of the engineering during the whole life cycle of products and production lines for hybrid processes using and adapting methods from computer science, e.g. pattern recognition and software engineering. n In charge of the smart production scenario of the cyber physical systems road-map in close cooperation with market-leading companies. Infrastructure n Complex hybrid plant lab model which operates with market leading automation devices n 48 modular production plants for C-programming in basic lectures n Neutralization plant – test bed for the process engineering domain n Pick and Place Unit – demonstrator for evolution in industrial plant automation n Extended Pick and Place Unit – demonstrator for safety, modes of operation and novel communication technologies

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Courses n Basics of Modern Information Technology I+II n Modeling and Simulation n Industrial Automation 1+2 n Development of Distributed Intelligent Embedded Mechatronic Systems n Industrial Software Engineering 1+2 n Semantic Technologies in Industrial Automation n Manufacturing Execution Systems in Producing Industries n Practical Course Automation n Practical Course Development of Distributed Intelligent Embedded Mechatronic Systems n Practical Course Industrial Software Engineering n Practical Course Simulation Technology Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Director Associate Lecturer Dr.-Ing. Heiko Meyer Secretariat Michaela Franke Irene Goros Steering Committee Dr.-Ing. Dorothea Pantförder Dr.-Ing. Daniel Schütz Jens Folmer Research Associates Thomas Aicher Ulrich Bührer Franziska Fassl Stefan Feldmann Konstantin Kernschmidt Christoph Legat Felix Mayer Daniel Regulin Sebastian Rehberger Susanne Rösch Thomas Simon Sebastian Ulewicz Benedikt Weißenberger

Laboratory and Technical Staff Christian Gmeinwieser Thomas Mikschl Andor Nagy Johannes Werner

Apprentices Julian Schachermeier Tom Kaden Doctoral Theses finished in 2015 Dr.-Ing. Daniel Schütz Dr.-Ing. Dominik Stengel Dr.-Ing. Martin Obermeier

Publications 2015 Journal Articles n Fay, A.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Frank, T.; Eckert, K.; Hadlich, T.; Diedrich, C.: Enhancing a model-based engineering approach for distributed manufacturing automation systems with characteristics and design patterns. In: Journal of Systems and Software (JSS), vol. 101, 2015, pp. 221-235. n Obermeier, M.; Braun, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Model-Driven Approach on Object-Oriented PLC Programming for Manufacturing Systems with Regard to Usability. In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (TII), vol. 11, no. 3, 2015, pp. 790-800. n Rösch, S.; Ulewicz, S.; Provost, J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Review of Model-Based Testing Approaches in Production Automation and Adjacent Domains – Current Challenges and Research Gaps. In: Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, vol. 8, no. 9, 2015, pp. 499-519. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Fay, A.; Schäfer, I.; Tichy, M.: Evolution of software in automated production systems – Challenges and Research Directions. In: Journal of Systems and Software (JSS), vol. 110, 2015, pp. 54-84. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Fuchs, J.; Feldmann, S.; Legat, C.: Interdisziplinärer Produktlinienansatz zur Steigerung der Wiederverwendung. In: Automatisierungstechnik (at), vol. 63, no. 2, 2015, pp. 99-110. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Schütz, D.; Folmer, J.: Criteria-based Alarm Flood Pattern Recognition using Historical Data from Automated Production Systems (aPS). In: Mechatronics, 2015 (in press). Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics. 2015.02.004. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Lee, J.; Leitão P.: Agents enabling cyber-physical production systems. In: Automatisierungstechnik (at), vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 777-789.

Conference Publications n Abele, L.; Anic, M.; Gutmann, T.; Folmer, J.; Aicher, T.; Rehberger, S. and Vogel-Heuser, B.: Towards finding the appropriate level of abstraction to model and verify automated production systems in discrete event simulation. In: 10th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2015), Gothenburg, Sweden, 2015, pp. 1048-1053. n Beckert, B.; Ulbrich, M.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Weigl, A.: Regression Verification for Programmable Logic Controller Software. In: The 17th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM), Paris, France, 2015. n Bührer, U.; Legat, C.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Changeability of Manufacturing Automation Systems using an Orchestration Engine for Programmable Logic Controllers. In: 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control in Manufacturing (INCOM), Ottawa, 2015, pp. 1573-1579.

n Feldmann, S.; Herzig, S.; Kernschmidt, K.; Wolfenstetter, T.; Kammerl, D.; Qamar, A.; Lindemann, U.; Krcmar, H.; Paredis, C. and Vogel-Heuser, B.: A Comparison of Inconsistency Management Approaches Using a Mechatronic Manufacturing System Design Case Study. In: 10th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2015), Gothenburg, Sweden, 2015, pp. 158-165. n Feldmann, S.; Herzig, S.; Kernschmidt, K.; Wolfenstetter, T.; Kammerl, D.; Qamar, A.; Lindemann, U.; Krcmar, H.; Paredis, C. J.J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Towards Effective Management of Inconsistencies in Model-Based Engineering of Automated Production Systems. In: 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control in Manufacturing (INCOM), Ottawa, 2015, pp. 917-923. n Feldmann, S.; Legat, C.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: An Analysis of Challenges and State of the Art for Modular Engineering in the Machine and Plant Manufacturing Domain. In: 2nd IFAC Conference on Embedded Systems, Computational Intelligence and Telematics in Control, Maribor, 2015, pp. 87-92. n Feldmann, S.; Legat, C.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Engineering Support in the Machine and Plant Manufacturing Domain through Interdisciplinary Product Lines: An Applicability Analysis. In: 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control in Manufacturing (INCOM), Ottawa, 2015. n Fischer, J.; Friedrich, D. and Vogel-Heuser, B.: Configuration of PLC software for automated warehouses based on reusable components – an industrial case study. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2015), Luxembourg, 2015, pp. 1-7. n Gramß, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Contribution of personal factors for a better understanding of the gender effects of freshmen in mechanical engineering. In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Seville, 2015, pp. 3258-3263. n Hufnagel, J.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Data Integration in Manufacturing Industry: Model-Based Integration of Data Distributed from ERP to PLC. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 275-281. n Kernschmidt, K.; Preißner, S.; Raasch, C.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: From selling products to providing user oriented product-service systems – Exploring service orientation in the German machine and plant manufacturing industry. In: 12th IFIP International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, 2015. n Mayer, F.; Bührer, U.; Pantförder, D.; Gramß, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Automatic Generation of Integrated Process Data Visualizations using Human Knowledge. In: 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Los Angeles, USA, 2015.

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n Otto, J.; Schriegel, S.; Niggemann, O.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Eine Taxonomie für Plug-and-Produce. In: VDI-Kongress Automation, 2015. n Regulin, D.; Glaese, A.; Feldmann, S.; Schütz, D.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Enabling Flexible Automation System Hardware – Dynamic Reconfiguration of a Real-Time Capable Field-Bus. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 1198-1205. n Regulin, D.; Krooß, C.; Schütz, D. and Vogel-Heuser, B.: Bridging the gap between discrete and continuous simulation of logistic systems in production. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2015), Luxembourg, 2015, pp. 1-7. n Rehberger, S.; Aicher, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Increasing dependability by agent-based model-checking during run-time. In: Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing (SOHOMA), 2015. n Rehberger, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.; Ebentheuer, A.; Winter, M.; Herzog, H.G.: A cybernetic multi-agent approach for a micro grid in rural areas. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 18-23. n Rösch, S.; Teufl, S.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Model-Based Quality Assurance in Machine and Plant Automation Using Sequence Diagrams – a Comparison of Two Research Approaches. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 302-307. n Scheuermann, C.; Folmer, F.; Verclas, S.; Brügge, B.: Incident Localization and Assistance System: A Case Study of a Cyber-Physical Human System. In: IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC), 2015. n Simon, T.; Rösch, S.: Comparing the objectoriented extension with the classical IEC 61131-3 regarding reusability and understandability – a case study. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2015. n Ulewicz, S.; Ulbrich, M.; Weigl, A.; Beckert, B.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Proving Equivalence between Control Software Variants for Programmable Logic Controllers – Using Regression Verification to Reduce Unneeded Variant Diversity. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.: Transferring Technical debt to automated Production Systems. In: 2nd International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Feldmann, S.; Folmer, J.; Heinrich, R.; Rostami, K.; Reussner, R.: Architecture-based Assessment and Planning of Software Changes in Information and Automated Production Systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2015), Hongkong, China, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Feldmann, S.; Folmer, J.; Ladiges, J.; Fay, A.; Lity, S.; Tichy, M.; Kowal, M.; Schaefer, I.; Haubeck, C.; Lamersdorf, W.; Kehrer, T.; Getir, S.; Ulbrich, M.; Klebanov, V.; Beckert, B.: Selected Challenges of Software Evolution for Automated Production Systems. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 314-321. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Fischer, J.; Rösch, S.; Feldmann, S.; Ulewicz, S.: Challenges for Maintenance of PLC-Software and Its Related Hardware for Automated Production Systems: Selected Industrial Case Studies. In: 31st International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME), Bremen, Germany, 2015.

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n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Folmer, J.; Aicher, T.; Mund, J.; Rehberger, S.: Coupling simulation and model checking to examine selected mechanical constraints of automated production systems. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 37-42. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Mund, J.; Kowal, M.; Legat, C.; Folmer, J.; Teufl, S.; Schaefer, I.: Towards Interdisciplinary Variability Modeling for Automated Production Systems: Opportunities and Challenges when Applying Delta Modeling: A Case Study. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Cambridge, 2015, pp. 322-328. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Rösch, S.: Applicability of Technical Debt as a Concept to Understand Obstacles for Evolution of Automated Production Systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2015), Hongkong, China, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Rösch, S.; Martini, A.; Tichy, M.: Technical Debt in Automated Production Systems. In: 31st International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME2015), Bremen, Germany, 2015, pp. 49-52. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Schütz, D.; Marcos, M.; Priego, R.: Reconfiguration Architecture for Updates of Automation Systems During Operation. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Weber, J. and Folmer, J.: Evaluating reconfiguration abilities of automated production systems in Industrie 4.0 with metrics. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2015), Luxembourg, 2015, pp. 1-6. n Weißenberger, B.; Flad, S.; Chen, X.; Rösch, S.; Voigt, T.; Vogel-Heuser, B.: Model Driven Engineering of Manufacturing Execution Systems using a formal specification – Extension of the MES-ML for the generation of MES code. In: 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2015.

Books and Book Sections n Ulewicz, S. and Vogel-Heuser, B.: Automatisiertes Testen von Sondermaschinen – von der Modulbibliothek bis zur Anlage. In: Vogel-Heuser, Birgit (Ed.): Tagungsband Automation Symposium, Sierke, 2015, pp. 53-65. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Göhner, P.; Lüder, A.: Agent based control of production systems – and its architectural challenges. In: Leitão, P.; Karnouskos, S. (Ed.): Industrial Agents: Emerging Applications of Software Agents in Industry, Elsevier, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.; Schütz, D.; Folmer J.; Legat C.: An assessment of the potentials and challenges in future approaches for automation software. In: Leitão, P.; Karnouskos, S. (Eds.): Industrial Agents: Emerging Applications of Software Agents in Industry, Elsevier, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, Birgit (Ed.): Testen in der Automatisierungstechnik vom Gerät bis zur Anlage. Tagungsband Automation Symposium, Sierke, 2015. n Vogel-Heuser, B.: Industrie 4.0 und Cyber Physical Systems als Beispiel für den technischen Wandel. In: Graube, G. (Ed.): Gesellschaft im Wandel – Konsequenzen für natur- und technikwissenschaftliche Bildung in der Schule, Julius Klinkhardt KG, 2015, pp. 54-71.

Institute of Metal Forming and Casting Process and material qualification for metal forming, blanking and casting

n The Institute of Metal Forming and Casting focuses on the three production processes: casting, blanking and metal forming. In 2015 over 40 scientists worked at the institute on research projects which vary from fundamental research to industrial application. Virtual production and simulation New technologies and processes in the field of casting

New technologies and processes in the field of blanking

New technologies and processes in the field of metal forming

Process stability and capability A highlight was the installation of the new core blowing machine Loramendi SLC2-25l. Another important milestone was the realization of a continuous Cu-Cu composite casting process. During the year an active exchange of cultural and

scientific ideas was held with our two Japanese visiting researchers and the institute organized several conferences and workshops in 2015 of which the 8th Forming Technology Forum and the 3rd utg-NSMLAB workshop were highlights.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk Contact www.utg.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.13790

Casting The research group ‘Casting’ focuses on: n Molding materials n Residual stress analysis and material characterization n Tooling technology for (high pressure) die casting n Continuous and composite casting In the casting industry, especially in the area of light metal casting, inorganic binder systems replace the existing organic binders. This provides economic and environmental advantages but requires a rethinking of well-known processes. A new core-blowing machine was installed in 2015 what gives the possibility of im­­ proving the state-of-the-art manufac­turing technology for cores. In combination with the 3D printer the whole production process from prototyping to series production is represented and investigated at the institute. Another trend in the automotive industry is the use of die cast structure parts replacing sheet metal parts. Due to their highly complex geometries extensive research in the field of tool design is required and was carried out in several projects.

Core blowing machine Loramendi SLC2-25l

The research in the fields of continuous casting and composite casting focuses on the development of continuous compound casting processes which saves production steps, energy and material. Furthermore basic studies on the formation of compounds of highly different metals, such as copper and aluminum are done. The neutron source FRMII situated near the institute offers enormous possibilities in materials science. For instance the development of residual stresses during the cooling process of a cast part or the phase transformation kinetics in austempered ductile iron is investigated in situ using neutron diffraction. Institute of Metal Forming and Casting 239

Projects n Designing of crashworthy vehicle structural components made from aluminum die casts (BMW Landshut) n Development of a methodology for the advanced design of cooling systems in high pressure die casting dies (INI.TUM) n Energy- and material-efficient production of copper bilayer strips using compound casting (DBU) n Casting and characterization of Cu-Al-bilayer composites (DFG) n FORPRO² – efficient product and process development by knowledge-­ based simulation (BFS)

n Highly innovative production of efficient radial bearings (FFG) n In-situ analysis of residual stresses in composite castings using neutron diffraction (DFG) n In-situ measurement of deformation induced formation of martensite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) (DFG) n Optimization of surface activation for thermally sprayed cylinder bores (BMW Landshut) n μ-FE and sensitivity analysis (BFS) n 3D printing of inorganic sand molds and cores for casting applications (DBU)

Blanking The research group ‘Blanking’ focuses on: n Enhanced understanding of blanking processes n Wear of blanking tools n Optimization of materials and part quality n Processes with analogies to blanking

Cutting tool (top and bottom part)

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In the sheet metal industry, blanking is a widely used process in all kinds of enterprises. To ensure the economic and technological progress, fundamental and industrial research in this field is necessary. The application of electric drives in the automotive industry is constantly rising. To achieve a decreased energy consumption the whole production process chain of electric sheet metal has to be investigated. The influence of different blanking parameters like tool wear or cutting clear­ ance on the electromagnetic properties is widely unknown. Hence this research project should point out opti­mized process parameters for the production of more sustainable electric drives. To improve the prediction quality of embossing simulations, a new ap­­proach which considers the influence of the embossing line geometry on the material model is investigated. In order to predict the slug pulling the forces acting on the slug will be investigated with a stamping tool

containing extensive sensors. The slug sticks on the punch face or is pulled out mainly due to the burr clasp, adhesion/ cohesion with lubricant and vacuum during return stroke. Once the danger of slug pulling can be estimated at a given set of process parameter, the available methods for preventing slug pulling can be applied in the early stage of tool development. Another project focuses on how to diminish wear on the tools of a stamping process by specific voltage application. Under the influence of lateral forces during the stamping process, the die clearance is alters, which can give rise to wear. Hence another project is dealing with the issue of how to increase the rigidity of the stamping tool to prevent alteration of the die clearance. Burrs on blanked products are undesirable. For this reason an innovative tool concept is developed, which leads to burr-free sheared edges. In the automotive industry highly-tensile steels are increasingly used. For the improvement of the edgecrack sensitivity, especially for these steels broad research efforts are made. The blanking of organically coated metal sheets is widely reviewed particularly due to the influence of oxidative wear of the tools and corrosion-resistance of the sheared edges.

Projects n Burr-free sheared edges (AiF) n Development of a software-tool for the robust design of the shearing process of metallic multilayer materials without additional lubricant (DFG) n Dry punching of coated metal sheets (AiF) n Improvement of the formability of sheared egdes of iron-manganese metal sheets through optimized punching parameters (FOSTA Stahl­ anwendung e.V.) n Influence of process-related altering die clearance on tool wear (FOSTA Stahlanwendung e.V.)

n Lubricant-free forming by affecting thermoelectric currents (DFG) n Cause and prediction of slug pulling (AiF) n Process enhancement for the application of high-tensile steels (AiF) n Production of energy efficient electric sheet metal parts (DFG – FOR1897) n Geometry and feasability prediction of sheet metal parts with embossings made of high-strength and ultra-highstrength steels (FOSTA Stahlanwendung e.V.)

Metal Forming The research group ‘Metal Forming’ focuses on: n Qualification of materials Quasi-static material properties Strain rate sensitivity Temperature sensitivity n Qualification of processes, tools and machinery Planning processes Forming tools Forming machines The understanding and optimization of forming processes is the topic of this research group. Besides wide-spread processes such as deep drawing or bending, also joining and driving processes are studied. Almost every project includes finite element simulations to gain deeper process insight and to improve the processes itself. The understanding of the material behavior and the use of adequate material models is essential for the successful simulation of forming processes. Therefore, the qualification of materials is a key topic of the research group. Depending on the process, also the strain rate and temperature sensitivity have to be included in the material model in addition to the quasi-static material properties. One exemplary project is the prediction of formability after linear and non-linear forming history in sheet metal process

Sheet metal testing machine BUP1000

simulation. The common criterion in industrial applications is the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD), which is standardized in ISO 12004-2. It is only applicable for linear strain paths. However, in most industrial experimental and simulation cases nonlinear strain paths occur. To resolve this problem, a phenomenological approach was introduced, the so-called Generalized Forming Limit Concept (GFLC). The GFLC enables prediction of localized necking on arbitrary non-linear strain paths. For this concept a database, which consists Institute of Metal Forming and Casting 241

Draw bead tool

Biaxial testing machine

of different combinations of pre- and post-forming is required. To address the experimental effort the institute acquired a universal sheet metal testing machine BUP 1000, funded by the German Research Group (DFG). Furthermore, mapping multi-linear strain paths appears highly complex in practice and involves a range of testing equipment, e.g. different specimens, testing machines and tools. One possibility to overcome this extensive effort is to use a modification of the biaxial tensile test. This principle allows testing of materials under multi-axial strain states. For this purpose a special biaxial draw bead tool was designed. Projects n Prevention of surface deflections for sheet metal parts (AiF/EFB) n Mobility for rural areas in developing countries (BFS) n Improving the time dependent evaluation method of tests for the determination of the forming limit curve and

Research Focus n Industrial engineering n Tool design n Engineering and planning processes Competence n Process chain car body sheet n Alternative metal forming processes for small batch production and prototyping Cutting surface quality, wear, accuracy n Tool technology n Molding materials n Continuous casting n Residual stress analysis and material characterization

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developing of a numerical equivalent model (AiF/EFB) n Optimized risk management in press shops for minimizing breakdown costs in case of facility downtime (BMW AG) n Texture optimization for the improve­ ment of forming and mechanical properties of Mg sheets using technical processing (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) n Hole roller clinching of multi-mate­ rial-lightweight joints (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) n Connection optimization of progressive die components (AiF/EFB) n Inline-Qualitycontrol in pressing tools (BMW AG) n Stiffening of cambered sheet metal designs: numeric bead optimization by a coupled algorithm considering nonlinear forming limits (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) n Intelligent lightweight design through multi-component processes (Aif/Fosta)

Infrastructure n Hydraulic press, high speed punching press, triple-action blanking press n 3D printer for inorganically bound core sands n Measurement instrumentation (residual stresses, surface, geometry, mechanical properties, …) n Various tools (cold and heated) n Stamping and bending machine n Rotational cutting line n Casting equipment n Craftformer n Core blowing machine n Workshop

Courses n Principles of Engineering Design and Production Systems n Basics of Casting and Metal Forming (from winter semester 2014-15) n Metal Forming (until winter semester 2014-15) n Metal Forming Machines n Virtual Process Design for Metal Forming and Casting n Casting and Rapid Prototyping n Manufacturing Technologies n Marketing Engineering and Purchasing n Production Management in the Commercial Vehicle Sector n Development of Car Body Parts n Casting in Vehicle Construction Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk, Director Prof. i.R. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann, Emeritus Honorary Professors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Breun Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Wohnig Prof. Dr. Horst-Henning Wolf Visiting Lecturers Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Blümlhuber Dr.-Ing. Carsten Intra Visiting Researcher Prof. Yohei Abe, Ph.D. Prof. Susumu Takahashi, Ph.D. Administrative Staff Bettina Volk Karin Engels Brigitte Resch

Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Roland Golle Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Golle Dipl.-Ing. Georg Baumgartner Dipl.-Ing. Martin Bednarz Dipl.-Ing. Tim Benkert Ole Böttcher, M.Sc. ETH Wan-gi Cha, M.Sc. Daniel Einsiedler, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Martin Feistle Christian Gaber, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Griebel Christoph Hartmann, M.Sc. Tobias Hammer, M.Sc. Florian Heilmeier, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sven Jansen Dipl.-Ing. David Jocham Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kopp Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krinninger Martin Landesberger, M.Sc. Simon Maier, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Josef Mair Tim Mittler, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Nerl Ferdinand Neumayer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Math. Daniel Opritescu Dipl.-Ing. Isabella Pätzold Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Pintore Dipl.-Ing. Robert Ramakrishnan Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Reihle Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Saal Dipl.-Ing. Peter Sachnik Dipl.-Ing. Sven Schreyer Jens Stahl, M.Sc. Marco Stüber, M.Eng. Joungsik Suh, M.Sc. Philipp Tröber M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Simon Vogt Dipl.-Ing. Annika Weinschenk Hannes Weiss, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Marco Olbrich-Baier Andreas Fuhrmann Tim Schönstädt Corinna Sutter

Institute of Metal Forming and Casting 243

Publications 2015 n Volk, W.; Weinschenk, A., Aufsprungprävention bei Strukturbauteilen, Hannover, 2015, 118 n Kleser, M. A.; Benkert, T., Nummerische Simulation einer Schnellläuferpresse unter Verwendung der FEM, München, 2015 n Baumgartner, Georg; Andrä, Heiko; Weiß, Konrad; Schöbel, Michael; Gerth, Stefan; Nerl, Christoph; Volk, Wolfram, Festigkeitsberechnung in der Gießsimulation mit Hilfe eines μ-FE-Modells, Gießtechnik im Motorenbau, VDI, 2015 n Benkert, T.; Krinner, A.; Thümmel, T.; Volk, W., Designing a High-Speed Press with a Six-Bar Linkage Mechanism, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015, 794, 411-418 n Demmel, P.; Hoffmann, H.; Golle, R.; Intra, C.; Volk, W., Interaction of heat generation and material behaviour in sheet metal blanking, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 2015, 64, 1, 249-252 n Feistle M.; Golle R.; Volk W., Determining the influence of shear cutting parameters on the edge cracking susceptibility of high-strength-steels using the edge-fracture-tensile-test, 48th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems – CIRP CMS 2015, 2015 n Feistle, M.; Krinninger, M.; Golle, R.; Volk, W., Notch Shear Cutting of Press Hardened Steels, 477-484, 16th International Conference on Sheet Metal, Proceedings, Sheet Metal 2015, 2015 n Gläsner, T.; Schaffner, T.; Sunderkötter, C.; Volk, W.; Hoffmann, H.; Golle, R., Studies on the effect of tool wear on the production process in two stage shear cutting, Key Engineering Materials, 2015, 651-653, 1261-1270 n Hiller, M.; Volk, W., Joining Aluminium Alloy and Mild Steel Sheets by Roller Clinching, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015, 794, 295-303 n Jocham, D.; Baumann, M.; Volk, W., Optimierung einer Probenform für den Kreuzzugversuch zur Bestimmung der Grenzformänderung, 205-214, Material Testing, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. Kg, 2015 n Jocham, D.; Gaber, C.; Böttcher, O.; Volk, W., Prediction of formability for multi-linear strain paths, 59-64, Advanced constitutive models in sheet metal forming, 2015 n Kaiser, C.; Zubeil, M.; Roll, K.; Volk, W., New diagnostic techniques for an automated hemming validation of hang-on parts, Key Engineering Materials, 2015, 639, 509-516 n Kopp, T.; Golle, R.; Hoffmann, H.; Volk, W., Einfluss der Werkzeugsteifigkeit auf die Standmenge von Stanzwerkzeugen., 7. Kongress Stanztechnik, 2015 n Li, Xiaohu; Saal, Patrick; Gan, Weimin; Hölzel, Markus; Hofmann, Michael, Strain induced martensitic transformation in austempered ductile iron (ADI), 2015 n Li, Xiaohu; Saal, Patrick; Hofmann, Michael; Landesberger, Martin.; Hoelzel, Markus, Strain Induced Martensitic Transformation in Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), 2015

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n Mackensen, A.; Golle, M.; Golle, R.; Hoffmann, H., Force reduction during blanking operations of AHSS sheet materials, 205-210, 60 Excellent inventions in metal forming, Tekkaya, A. E.; Homberg, W.; Brosius, A., Springer, 2015 n Martin Feistle, Michael Krinninger, Isabella Pätzold, Wolfram Volk, Edge-Fracture-Tensile-Test, 193-198, 60 Excellent Inventions in Metal Forming, A. Erman Tekkaya, Werner Homberg, Alexander Brosius, Springer Vieweg, 2015 n Martin Feistle, Wolfram Volk, Edge-fracture-tensile-­ test, 24. testXpo – Internationale Fachmesse für Prüftechnik, 2015 n Martin Feistle, Wolfram Volk, Edge-fracture-­tensiletest, 2015 n Opritescu, D.; Volk, W., Automated driving for individualized sheet metal part production – A neural network approach, Robotics and Computer-­ Integrated Manufacturing, 2015, 35, 144-150 n Saal, Patrick., Die Phasenumwandlungskinetik in ADI: Eigenschaftsprognose durch Neutronendiffraktometrie, Leichtbau in Guss, 2015 n Suh, J.; Victoria-Hernandez, J.; Letzig, D.; Golle, R.; Yi, S.; Bohlen, J.; Volk, W., Improvement in cold formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2015, 217, 286-293 n Volk, W.; Jocham, D.; Gaber, C.; Böttcher, O., Neue Methodik zur Vorhersage des Materialversagens bei nicht-linearen Dehnwegen, 201-214, 35. EFB-Kolloquium 2015 Intermezzo der hybriden Werkstofflösungen, 2015 n Volk, W.; Opritescu, D.; Jocham, D., Prediction of formability for non-linear deformation history and press hardening processes, 175-177, Plastic Behavior of Conventional and Advanced Materials: Theory, Experiment, and Modeling, NEAT PRESS, 2015 n Weiß, M.; Volk, W., Influence of Kinematics during Roller Clinching on Joint Properties, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2015 n Weiß, M.; Volk, W., Einfluss von Reibung auf die Verbindungsausbildung beim Rotationsclinchen, 211-213, 18. Workshop Simulation in der Umformtechnik & 3. Industriekolloquium des SFB/TR73, Shaker Verlag, 2015 n Wolfram Volk, Jens Stahl, Shear Cutting, CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, SpringerLink, 2015 n Wolfram Volk, Ole Böttcher, Martin Feistle, Christian Gaber, David Jocham, Advanced Failure Prediction in Sheet Metal Forming, 43-47, Advanced constitutive models in sheet metal forming, 8th Forming Technology Forum Zurich 2015, Institute of Virtual Manufacturing, ETH Zurich, 2015

Institute of Internal Combustion Engines Engine design and simulation, combustion technologies, and experimental evaluation

n The focus of the Instiute of Internal Combustion Engines in 2015 was to connect theoretical and experimental methods of thermodynamic research on combustion processes. Optical measurement techniques are a powerful way of visualizing gas flow, fuel injection and combustion inside the cylinder of an engine. High temperatures and pressures are challenges for the construction of optically accessible engines. A highlight was the completion and first operation of a new 5 l single cylinder re­­ search engine with full optical accessibility through the piston bowl. The engine offers insight to modern combustion systems for gas and industrial engines. The results are used to validate CFD calculations of gas flow, injection, and combustion in order to predict the in-cylinder processes. This helps to save time and costs for future developments.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Contact www.lvk.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.24101

LVK 5 l optical single cylinder gas engine

Combustion Technologies – CFD Simulation – Emission Reduction – Injection Technology

CFD calculation of prechamber engine

The reduction of engine emissions and fuel consumption are drivers for the improvement of combustion technology. Engines for gasoline, diesel, and natural gas are developed and built at the institute and are available for industrial or public funded research projects. A key competence for the realization of our engine concepts is the application of professional CFD simulation software, which is used to predict and optimize the gas exchange phase, in-cylinder swirl, tumble or turbulence, and the phases of fuel injection, mixture formation, and combustion. Simu-

lation results are used to design improved geometries of the combustion chamber or injector nozzles and are then validated on one of our 13 engine test benches. Engine out emissions are measured by means of up-to-date FTIR technology and a modern particle counting system. We use component test benches to evaluate hydraulic behaviour and spray parameters of fuel injectors. Simulative and experimental tools allow fast and effective optimization of both emission behaviour and engine efficiency. Test runs on the research engines are planned and evaluated with statistical methods (design of experiments, DOE) to reduce time and costs for the testing procedure. Projects n FNR project ‘CH4 Emissionen’ n FVV project ‘THC Emissionen’ n BMWi project ‘METHODIK’ n Several projects funded by industry partners

Institute of Internal Combustion Engines

245

Injection Systems – Spray Measurement – Optical Researches

Mie-light measurement

Nozzle flow simulation

In the past decades the injection pressure of modern diesel engines rose from 1000 bar up to 3000 bar. Our research activities includes all steps of injection system development. Key competences are various simulations containing 1-D hydraulic, 3-D multiphase flow as well as spray simulation. Furthermore, at several test benches hydraulic and optical measurements of injectors with various fuels could be carried out. One of the current projects is focusing on the hydraulic behavior of orifices in injection systems to validate simulation results. Part of the project is the development of a hydraulic test bench including measurement techniques to investigate the high dynamic fluid flow properties in combination with cavitation and thermal effects. The main target is to analyse hydraulic elements by using innovative measurement techniques and gain information about physical effects to

optimize the design of future injection systems. Furthermore an open-loop control is under development in collaboration with the Institute of Applied Mechanics whose aim is to maintain an optimal injection rate throughout the entire lifetime of a common-­rail injector subjected to coking, wear etc. For this purpose, different injector signals are evaluated in order to be able to determine the injection rate by an indirect signal in engine operation. Projects n BFS project ‘Messung und Berechnung des Düsendurchflusses’ n DFG project ‘Optimierung des Einspritzverhaltens von Dieselinjektoren unter dem Einfluss von Alterungserscheinungen des Injektors’ n Several projects funded by industry partners

Natural Gas Engines – Combustion – Emissions – Simulation

Engine of combined heat and power unit for biogas

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Utilization of natural gas can be one step to cope with future energy demand. Surplus energy from renewable sources can be stored as hydrogen or methane. Further development is needed to fulfill future emission legislation with high efficiency combustion. Former research at the institute has dealt with phenomena modeling of the combustion for different ignition systems, like open-chamber, scavenged prechamber or diesel pilot-injection. Further research projects have the focus on emissions of unburned hydrocarbons like methane or formaldehyde. The goal is to understand the influence of engine parameters like valve timing, ignition, equivalence ratio and gas quality. Alternative combustion processes are another focus to overcome the trade-off between emissions and efficiency. Stratified or diesel-like combustion processes are promising techniques and could allow highest loads without restric-

tions from knocking while keeping lowest emission levels and highest efficiency with highly volatile gas qualities. To promote the development, the research engine with 5 l displacement has been modified with an optical access to the combustion chamber. Combined with CFD-Simulations a deep insight in the combustion process is now possible. Projects n FVV project ‘Formaldehyd’ n FVV project ‘Mitteldruck 30 bar bei Gasmotoren’

n BFS project ‘Effizienzsteigerung von Dual-Fuel Motoren durch Optimierung der Zündung bei effektiven Mitteldrücken über 24 bar’ n BMWi project ‘Flex DI: Flexible direkt­ einspritzende Motoren für die Schifffahrt’ n BStmW project ‘Optimierter Verbrennungsmotor für landwirtschaftliche Biogas Mini-BHKW’ n EU project ‘HERCULES 2’ n Several projects funded by industry partners

Alternative Fuels – Emission Measurement – Energy Management Fossil fuels are becoming more and more scarce and European CO2 saving policies have been introduced to fight global warming. Combustion engines can reduce their output of GHG emissions and contribute to the transition towards alternative energy by enhancing the efficiency of energy conversion and by exploiting CO2 neutral primary energies. Sustainable biofuels and synthetic fuels can replace fossil fuels and offer the additional benefit of clean combustion. A detailed screening of various oxygen-containing synthetic fuels was carried out at the institute and oxymethylene ether (OME1) was found to burn without particle emissions in a diesel engine even under unfavourable operating conditions. Modern methods for the measurement of ultra-low particle emissions are needed for this and other advanced engine concepts. Cooperating closely with the industry, we help to improve such measurement techniques. Another field of our research is the utilisation of thermodynamic losses from coolant or exhaust. The thermodynamic Rankine cycle for instance allows to harvest enthalpy from hot exhaust gas and to produce electric power by means of a steam turbine.

Projects n BMWi project ‘XME Diesel – (Bio-) Methylether als alternative Kraftstoffe in bivalenten Dieselmotoren’ n FNR project ‘OME – Umweltfreundliche Dieselkraftstoffadditive’ n BMWi project ‘TruckER – Rankine Kreislauf für Nutzfahrzeuge mit ganzheitlichem Energiemanagement’ n Several projects funded by industry partners

Test bench with heavy-duty single cylinder engine

Institute of Internal Combustion Engines

247

Friction Measurement – Tribology – Engine Mechanics Reducing piston assembly friction is a central issue of improving the efficiency of modern internal combustion engines. Piston, piston rings, liner and lubricating oil form a complex tribological system operating in a field of constantly alternating velocities, pressures, and tempera­ tures. Therefore a special re­­search engine containing a measurement device using the floating liner method was developed at the institute. It allows measurement of the piston assembly friction with a highly accurate resolution up to 2 N under fired conditions. That enables the detection of optimization potential by experimental analysis. A second research engine was built up, containing several sensors to measure crank-angle resolved motions of the piston and the piston rings. Furthermore the oil film thickness and oil transportation phenomena are measured during fired engine operation. The mea­surement results of both engines establish a deeper understanding of the behavior and dependencies in the tribological system.

Research Focus n Combustion technologies n Gas engines n Friction measurement n Fuel injection technologies n Alternative fuels and biofuels n Exhaust gas aftertreatment and measurement Competence n CAD construction n CFD calculation n Thermodynamic simulations n Hydraulic simulations n Mechanical simulations n Engine measurement techniques

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Institute of Internal Combustion Engines

Split-crankshaft engine reduces friction losses

Projects n FVV/AiF project ‘Kolbenring-Öltransport I’ n FVV project ‘Kolbenring-Öltransport II’ n DFG project ‘Entwicklung eines kostenu. verbrauchsgünstigen Split-Verbrennungsmotors’ n Several projects funded by industry partners

Infrastructure n Engine test rigs (13) n Gasoline, diesel and gas engines (>15) n Injection test rigs (2) n Optical and laser diagnostics n Mechanical workshop n Electronic workshop Courses n Combustion Engines n Engine Thermodynamics n Mechanics of Combustion Engines n Methods of Engine Calibration n Injection Technology n Measurement Techniques n Several practical courses

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Dr.-Ing. Maximillian Prager Dipl.-Ing. Martin Härtl Adjunct Professors Dr. Satoshi Kawauchi (since 04/14) Administrativ Staff Marita Weiler Sonja Zeilhofer Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Backes Dipl.-Ing. Laura Baumgartner Dipl.-Phys. Vinicius Berger (since 07/15) Dipl.-Ing. Yves Compera Stephanie Frankl, M.Sc. (since 02/15) Kai Gaukel, M.Sc. (since 04/15) Stephan Gleis, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Graf Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Halbhuber Stefan Held, M.Sc. (since 10/15) Dipl.-Ing. Benedikt von Imhoff (until 04/15) Stefan Karmann, M.Sc. (since 05/15) Dipl.-Ing. Claus Kirner Dipl.-Ing. Christian Daniel Koch Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Korb Dipl.-Ing. Qixong Li (until 06/15) Dipl.-Phys. Thomas Maier Markus Mühlthaler, M.Sc. (since 05/15) Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Oliva (until 06/15) Dipl.-Ing. Johann Peer Dominik Pélerin, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Christian Pötsch (until 04/15) Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Rösler Carsten Schneider, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Schröder Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Schuckert Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Schweizer Andreas Stadler, M.Sc. (since 10/15) Dipl.-Ing. Richard Stegmann Dipl.-Ing. Benedict Uhlig Maximilian Weber, M.Sc. (since 12/15) Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Weber Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Zimmer (until 06/15) Sebastian Zirngibl, M.Sc.

Technical Staff Dipl.-Ing. Frank Bär Martin Daniel Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hödl Alex Link, M.Sc. (since 11/15) Kai Möbius (since 11/15) Patrick Ottiger Johann Schuster Ferdinand Springer Werner Straßer Edgar Thiele Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Tetzner Markus Weiß Trainees Philipp Hell Fabiano Palfner da Paz

Institute of Internal Combustion Engines

249

Publications 2015 n Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft e.V. (KTBL): Emissionen beim flexiblen Betrieb von Biogas-BHKW. 978-3-94508807-4. Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft e.V. (KTBL) n Baumgartner, L.S.; Wohlgemuth, S.; Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.: Investigation of a Methane Scavenged Prechamber for Increased Efficiency of a Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engine for Automotive Applications. SAE Int. J. Engines 8 (2) 2015 and SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0866 n Benjamin Korb, Kalyan Kuppa, Friedrich Dinkel­ acker, Georg Wachtmeister: THC-Emissions in Gas Engines – Experimental and Numerical Studies. 15. Tagung “Der Arbeitsprozess des Verbrennungsmotors” n Härtl, Martin; Seidenspinner, Philipp; Jacob, Eberhard; Wachtmeister, Georg: Oxygenate screening on a heavy-duty diesel engine and emission characteristics of highly oxygenated oxymethylene ether fuel OME1. Fuel 153, 2015, 328-335 n von Imhoff, B.; Zweck, J.; Wachtmeister, G.,: Detection of Stationary Operating States of Internal Combustion Engines. SAE Technical Paper 2015 n Johann Peer, Fabian Backes, Georg Wachtmeister: Engine Thermodynamics Research Hitachi & LVK; Project Year 03/2014 – 03/2015. Hitachi Europe GmbH n Kawauchi, S.; Korb, B.; Wachtmeister, G.: Einfluss des H2 Gehalts auf Betriebsverhalten, Wirkungsgrad und Emissionen von Erdgasmotoren mit Magerbrennverfahren bei hohen spezifischen Lasten. 12te Tagung: Motorische Verbrennung – Aktuelle Probleme und moderne Lösungsansätze, 2015 n Kirner, C.; Uhlig, B.; Wachtmeister, G.; Behn, A.; Feindt, M.; Matz, G.: Abschlussbericht Kolbenring-Öltransport 1. AiF/FVV n Kirner, C.; Uhlig, B.; Wachtmeister, G.: 6. Projektbegleitender Ausschuss – Kolbenring-Öltransport 1. AiF/FVV n Kirner, C.; Uhlig, B.; Wachtmeister, G.: 1. Projektbegleitender Ausschuss – Kolbenring-Öltransport 2. AiF/FVV n Korb B.: 3. FNR-Zwischenbericht – Ursachen und Reduzierung der CH4-Emissionen in Biogasmotoren. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, 2015 n Korb, B.: 6. FVV-Arbeitskreistreffen – Ursachen und Reduktionsmaßnahmen der THC-Emissionen in Gasmotoren. FVV-Arbeitskreistreffen n Korb, B.: 5. FVV-Arbeitskreistreffen – Ursachen und Reduktionsmaßnahmen der THC-Emissionen in Gasmotoren. FVV-Arbeitskreistreffen n Korb, B.; Gleis, S.: Auslegung und Entwicklung eines volloptischen Einzylinder-Großmotors mittels Ansys Workbench und einer vereinfachten FKM-Richtlinie. Ansys Conference & 33. CADFEM Users’ Meeting n Korb, B.; Kawauchi, S.; Wachtmeister G.: Einfluss des H2 Gehalts auf das Brennverfahren von magerbetriebenen Erdgasmotoren im Hinblick auf heutige und zukünftige Emissionsgrenzwerte. 9th Dessau Gas Engine Conference n Korb, Benjamin; Kawauchi, Satoshi; Wachtmeister, Georg: Influence of hydrogen addition on the operating range, emissions and efficiency in lean burn natural gas engines at high specific loads. Fuel 164, 2015, 410-418 n Li Q., Backes F., Wachtmeister G.,: Application of canola oil operation in a diesel engine with common rail system. Fuel 159

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n Oliva, A.: Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethode zur Berechnung der auftretenden Phänomene im Ölsumpf. 8. Arbeitskreis Fuel in Oil n Oliva, A., Held, S., Herdt, A., Wachtmeister, G.: Numerical simulation of the gas flow in the piston ring pack of an internal combustion engine. SAE Technical Paper n Oliva, A., Wachtmeister, G.: Abschlussbericht Fuel in Oil – Teilprojekt S2: Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethode zur Berechnung der auftretenden Phänomene im Ölsumpf. FVV Frühjahrstagung n Prager, M.; Korb, B.; Wachtmeister, G.: Emissionen beim flexiblen Einsatz von Biogas-BHKW. Biogas in der Landwirtschaft – Stand und Perspektiven n Qixiong Li: Erfassung der grundlegenden Ablagerungsbildungsmechanismen im rapsölbetriebenen Forschungsmotor mit anschließender Übertragung der Ergebnisse auf einen Vollmotor. Projektabschlusstreffen n Qixiong Li: FNR-Schlussbericht: Erfassung der grundlegenden Ablagerungsbildungsmechanismen im rapsölbetriebenen Forschungsmotor mit anschließender Übertragung der Ergebnisse auf einen Vollmotor. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, 2015 n Schneider, C.; Wachtmeister, G.; Klumpp, P., Halbhuber, J.: Improve Simulation of Plain Bearings in Dry and Mixed Lubrication Regime by Defining Locally Resolved Dry Friction Coefficients. Tribology in industry (37), 2015 n Schröder, A.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: Potentiale in Brennverfahren und Abgasnachbehandlung zur Reduzierung der Formaldehydemissionen bei Magergasmotoren. 1. FVV-Arbeitskreis Formaldehyd n Seidenspinner, Philipp; Härtl, Martin; Wilharm, Thomas; Wachtmeister, Georg: Cetane Number Determination by Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analysis in a New Constant Volume Combustion Chamber. SAE Technical Paper n Stegmann, R., Wachtmeister, G.: Messung und Berechnung des realistischen Düsen- und Drosseldurchflusses und der Temperaturen in engen Spalten – 1. Jahreszwischenbericht. Bayrische Forschungsstiftung, 2015 n Yves Compera: Projekttreffen 5 zum Förderprojekt METHODIK. LVK, TUM n Yves Compera: 4. Projekttreffen zum Förderprojekt METHODIK – Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethode zur Vorausberechnung des Brennverlaufs. LVK, TUM n Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: 2. Arbeitskreis – Optimierter Verbrennungsmotor für landwirtschaftliche Biogas Mini-BHKW. Bay.-StMWI-Arbeitskreistreffen n Zirngibl, S.; Wachtmeister, G.; Prager, M.: 3. Arbeitskreis – Optimierter Verbrennungsmotor für landwirtschaftliche Biogas Mini-BHKW. Bay.-StMWI-Arbeitskreistreffen

Institute of Computational Mechanics Application-motivated fundamental research in computational mechanics

n The Institute for Computational Mechanics (LNM) is committed to what can best be described as cutting­-edge ‘application-motivated fundamental research’ in a broad range of research areas in computational mechanics. Applications span all fields of engineering (mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical) and the applied sciences. With a strong basis in both computational solid and fluid dynamics, the current focus lies on multifield and multiscale problems as well as on computational bioengineer­ ing. In all these areas, LNM covers the full spectrum from advanced modeling and the development of novel computational methods to sophisticated software development and application-oriented simulations on high performance com-

puting systems. Meanwhile, the research activities at LNM also include optimization, inverse analysis, uncertainty quantification as well as experimental work. In collaboration with leading researchers worldwide as well as national and international industrial partners, LNM expedites projects at the front-line of research. For more details and updated information we kindly ask you to visit our webpage (QR code on page 220).

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall Contact www.lnm.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15300

Computational Multiphysics – Coupled and Multiscale Problems The interaction of different physical phenomena plays an essential role in most engineering applications. The modeling of such multiphysics problems is one of our main areas of research. We have developed robust and efficient modeling approaches and computational methods for various coupled problems. Those problem classes comprise a.o. fluid-structure interaction, electro-chemical, thermo­ mechanical, opto-acoustic, coupled re-active transport, poro-fluid-transport and thermo-fluid-structure-contact interaction problems.

Fluid-structure interaction simulation

Coupled thermo-structure simulation of a hot bouncing ball

And also the interplay of effects on different scales plays an important role in many scientific and engineering applications. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in modeling so-called multiscale phenomena both mathematically and computationally. We tackle multiscale problems both in CSD and CFD. While in the first group one focus is on the modeling of heterogeneous materials, in the second group the focus is on turbulent flows and complex fluids.

Institute of Computational Mechanics

251

Computational Solid – Structural and Fluid Dynamics

Vortices (2) in a large eddy simulation of a boundary layer

Computational structural and solid dynamics (CSD) is one of the classical core disciplines within the fast-growing field of computational mechanics. Our research activities in computational structural and solid dynamics cover a wide range of methods, from nonlinear solid (hybrid FE meshes, isogeometric analysis) and structural models (beams, shells) and corresponding finite element technology (EAS, ANS, F-Bar) to material modeling (hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, elastoplasticity) at finite strains. Another focus are complex material phenomena such as anisotropy, fiber components, damage, fracture and multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials. Computational contact dynamics represent a particularly challenging class of structural mechanics problems due to the non-smooth character of the underlying laws of physics (e.g. non-penetration) and the strong nonlinearities introduced

Dynamics of a failing cable via nonlinear 3D beam contact analysis

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by the corresponding geometrical con­ straints. In addition, complex interface phenomena (friction, adhesion, etc.) need to be taken into account with sophisticated computational models. Here, our research emphasizes the development of robust and efficient contact formulations and discretization methods in the context of finite deformations and non-matching meshes/non-conforming interfaces. Lately, this main focus has been successfully extended towards contact with wear, coupled thermo-mechanical contact and beam-to-beam contact. Furthermore, strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) with contact is another current research field. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the other core discipline in computational mechanics. We are one of the very few groups worldwide that do original research in both CSD and CFD. Our focus in CFD is on incompressible and weakly compressible flows. We develop novel discreti­ zation methods for flow problems as well as novel approaches for turbulent flows based on large eddy simulation (LES) and detached eddy simulation (DES). Another focus is on multiphase flows and flows coupled to other fields like in fluid-structure interaction, electro-chemistry or reactive transport problems.

Squeezed tube with plastic deformations

Computational Bioengineering and Biophysics Our research in the biomedical engineer­ ing area includes a variety of different fields. In all of them we collaborate with experts from medicine, biology or biophysics. Some activities are the development of a comprehensive coupled multiscale model of the respiratory system, of a model for rupture risk prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysms, comprehensive cardiac modeling, simulation of surgical procedures or cellular modeling. In recent years we have also successfully entered the area of biophysics, where we

Verification of a beating heart simulation with MRI images

Experimental testing of viable precision cut lung slices with computational identification of constitutive relationship

could develop a novel, theoretically sound and highly efficient approach for the Brownian dynamics of polymers. Based on this unique approach we meanwhile could study and answer a number of open questions in the biophysics community.

Vascular Growth and Remodeling in Aneurysms (Emmy-Noether Group headed by Dr. C. Cyron) Aneurysms are focal dilatations of blood vessels that often grow over years and finally rupture. Rupturing aneurysms are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries. While over the last decades our general understanding of the biomechanics of aneurysms has advanced substantially, the factors governing their growth – although key to develop future therapies – remain poorly understood. In February 2015, Dr. Christian Cyron established the Emmy-Noether group for vascular growth and remodeling in aneurysms at the Institute for Computational Mechanics. It aims at exploring the biomechanical and

biochemical mechanisms governing the growth of aneurysms, with the perspective of exploiting these for the development of future therapies and computer-aided diagnosis. To this end, the Emmy-Noether group will combine advanced methods from computational mechanics with stateof-the-art medical imaging technology and machine learning. The Emmy-Noether program of the German Research Foundation (DFG) was established in 1999 to support groundbreaking projects of young researchers. Since then the DFG has been supporting only eight Emmy-Noether groups in the area of mechanics and mechanical design.

Computer simulation of the blood flow in the circle of Willis in a patient with cerebral aneurysm

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253

Research Code BACI

Further up-to-date information and a list of publications can be found on our webpage at:

The complexity and scientific broadness of the majority of our research projects make highest demands on both the ‘modus operandi’ and on the research environment itself. This is why LNM with its entire scientific staff develops and maintains the parallel multiphysics research code BACI (Bavarian Advanced Computational Initiative) which is probably

unique even from a global perspective. BACI is mainly based on finite element methods FEM, but also features other discretization techniques such as HDG, particle and meshfree methods. All past and present activities at LNM have been – and all future projects will be – realized within this HPC platform.

Research Focus n Computational fluid dynamics n Computational solid and structural dynamics n Computational contact mechanics n Multiphysics/coupled problems n Multiscale problems n Reduced-dimensional modeling n Uncertainty quantification n Inverse problems n Optimization n High performance computing

Courses n Engineering Mechanics I, II and III n Numerical Methods for Engineers n Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics n Finite Elements n Finite Elements in Fluid Mechanics n Nonlinear Finite Element Methods n Biomechanics – Fundamentals and Modeling n Discontinuous Galerkin Methods n Growth and Remodeling in Biological Tissue n Computational Contact and Interface Mechanics n Finite Element Lab n Computational Biomechanics Lab n Engineering Solutions for Biomedical Problems n Numerical Methods for Engineers Lab n TM Applets n Computational Solid and Fluid Dynamics (MSE)

Competence n Contact dynamics n Discretization methods n Experimental (bio-)mechanics n Fluid dynamics n Fluid-structure interaction n Inverse methods n Material modeling n Optimization n Solid dynamics n Solvers/AMG n Thermo-fluid-structure interaction n Transport phenomena n Uncertainty quantification Infrastructure n Three HPC clusters n Biomechanics lab (including uniaxial and biaxial testing machines)

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Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall, Director Administrative Staff Renata Nagl Research Scientists Dr. Cristóbal Bertoglio (until Jan. 15) Dr. Christian Cyron (from Feb. 15) Dr. Volker Gravemeier (part-time) Dr. Martin Kronbichler Dr. Alexander Popp Dr. Francesc Verdugo (until Nov. 15) Dr. Lena Yoshihara (maternity leave) Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Ager Roland Aydin, Medical Doctor (from Feb. 15) Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Biehler Anna Birzle, M.Sc. Fabian Bräu, M.Sc. (from June 15) Jonas Eichinger, M.Sc. (from Dec. 15) Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Ehrl (until June 15) Rui Fang, M.Sc. Philipp Farah, M.Sc. Julien Gillard, M.Sc. Maximilian Grill, M.Sc.

Ceren Gurkan, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Georg Hammerl Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hiermeier Julia Hörmann, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Krank Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Meier Dhrubajyoti Mukherjee, M.Sc. Dipl.-Tech. Math. Andreas Nagler (until July 15) Dipl.-Ing. Martin Pfaller Dipl.-Ing. Ursula Rasthofer (until Feb. 15) Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Rauch Dipl.-Ing. Christian Roth Svenja Schoeder, M.Sc. Dipl.-Math. Benedikt Schott Alexander Seitz, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Anh-Tu Vuong Dipl.-Ing. Karl-Robert Wichmann Dipl.-Tech. Math. Tobias Wiesner (until Feb. 15) Dipl.-Math. Martin Winklmaier (until May 15) Magnus Winter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andy Wirtz Sudhakar Yogaraj, M.Sc. (until July 15)

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Publications 2015 List only contains peer-reviewed publications in international indexed journals. n Schott, B., Shahmiri S., Kruse R., Wall W.A.: A stabilized Nitsche-type extended embedding mesh approach for 3D low- and high-Reynolds-number flows. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, accepted 2015 n Cyron C.J., Aydin R.C., Humphrey J.D.: A homogenized constrained mixture (and mechanical analog) model for growth and remodeling of soft tissue. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, accepted 2015 n Seitz A., Farah P., Kremheller J., Wohlmuth B., Wall W.A., Popp A.: Isogeometric dual mortar methods for computational contact mechanics. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, accepted 2015 n Farah P., Gitterle M., Wall W.A., Popp A.: Computational wear and contact modeling for fretting analysis with isogeometric dual mortar methods. Journal of Key Engineering Materials – Spec. Issue on Wear and Contact Mechanics II, accepted 2015 n Pasquariello V., Hammerl G., Örley F., Hickel S., Danowski C., Popp A., Wall W.A., Adams N.A.: A cut-cell finite volume-finite element coupling approach for fluid-structure interaction in compressible flow. Journal of Computational Physics, 307 (2016), 670-695 n Müller K.W., Birzle A., Wall W.A.: Beam finite element model of a molecular motor for the simulation of active fibre networks. Proc. Royal Society A, 472: 20150555 (2016) n Nissen K., Wall W.A.: Pressure-stabilized maximum-entropy methods for incompressible Stokes. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, accepted 2015 n Heyden S., Nagler A., Bertoglio C., Biehler J., Gee M.W., Wall W.A., Ortiz M.: Material modeling of cardiac valve tissue: Experiments, constitutive analysis and numerical investigation. Journal of Biomechanics, 48 (2015), 4287-4296 n Kronbichler M.; Schoeder S.; Müller C.; Wall W.A.: Comparison of implicit and explicit hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for the acoustic wave equation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, accepted 2015 n Cyron C.J., Humphrey J.D.: Preferred fiber orientations in healthy arteries and veins understood from netting analysis. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 20 (2015), 680-696 n Ortiz-Bernardin A., Hale J.S., Cyron C.J.: Volume-averaged nodal projection method for nearly-incompressible elasticity using meshfree and bubble basis functions. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 285 (2015), 427-451 n Müller K.W., Meier C., Wall W.A.: Resolution of sub-element length scales in Brownian dynamics simulations of biopolymer networks with geometrically exact beam finite elements. Journal of Computational Physics, 303 (2015), 185-202 n Hattendorff J., Landesfeind J., Ehrl A., Wall W.A., Gasteiger H.A.: Effective Ionic Resistance in Battery Separators. ECS Transactions, 69(4) (2015), 135140

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n Müller K.W., Cyron C.J., Wall W.A.: Computational analysis of morphologies and phase transitions of crosslinked, semiflexible polymer networks. Proc. Royal Society A, 471: 20150332 (2015) n Maier M., Müller K.W., Heussinger C., Köhler S., Wall W.A., Bausch A.R., Lieleg O.: A single charge in the actin binding domain of fascin can independently tune the linear and non-linear response of an actin bundle network. The European Physical Journal E – Soft Matter and Biological Physics, 38: 50 (2015) n Tanios F., Gee M.W., Pelisek J., Kehl S., Biehler J., Grebher-Meier V., Wall W.A., Eckstein H.-H., Reeps C.: Interaction of biomechanics with extracellular matrix components in abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 50 (2015), 167-174 n Meier C., Popp A., Wall W.A.: A locking-free finite element formulation and reduced models for geometrically exact Kirchhoff rods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 290 (2015), 314-341 n Roth C., Ehrl A., Becher T., Frerichs I., Schittny J., Weiler N., Wall W.A.: Correlation between alveolar ventilation and electrical properties of lung parenchyma. Physiological Measurement, 36 (2015), 1211-1226 n Seitz A., Popp A., Wall W.A.: A semi-smooth Newton method for orthotropic plasticity and frictional contact at finite strains. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 285 (2015), 228-254 n Farah P., Popp A., Wall W.A.: Segment-based vs. element-based integration for mortar methods in computational contact mechanics. Computational Mechanics, 55 (2015), 209-228 n Mayr M., Klöppel T., Wall W.A., Gee M.W.: A Temporal Consistent Approach to Fluid-Structure Interaction Enabling Single Field Predictors. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 37(1) (2015), B30B59 n Biehler J., Gee M.W., Wall W.A.: Towards efficient uncertainty quantification in complex and large scale biomechanical problems based on a Bayesian multi fidelity scheme. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 14(3) (2015), 489-513 n Vuong A.-T., Yoshihara L., Wall W.A.: A general approach for modeling interacting flow through porous media under finite deformations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 283 (2015), 1240-1259 n Schott B., Rasthofer U.; Gravemeier V.; Wall W.A.: A face-oriented stabilized Nitsche-type extended variational multiscale method for incompressible two-phase flow. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 104 (2015), 721-748

Institute of Astronautics Real-time tele-robotics in space – space technologies – exploration & human spaceflight – nano satellites – spaceflight systems engineering – hypervelocity-lab

n In 2014-15, like the years before, the Institute of Astronautics focused on the development of satellite and space exploration technologies. In particular: n Real-time teleoperation for on-orbit servicing n Novel inter-satellite link communication systems and architectures n Exploration technologies, incl. lunar dust processing and mitigation, and analysis of life support systems of habitats and space suits n Spacecraft technologies and CubeSat educational satellite program n High velocity impact physics and micrometeoroid and space debris simulation and assessment On-orbit servicing is a growing field of space activities, where satellites or other spacecraft in space are serviced (such as refueling, maintenance, or upgrade) or deorbited by a servicing satellite if defunct. This service can be accomplished by an operator on ground teleoperating a robot, cameras, or else on the servicing satellite in real-time. As a highlight in 2015, the large simulation environment called RACOON

Lab, with the dimensions 6 m x 10 m x 5 m went into utilization. In this laboratory the proximity operations of the two satellites can be simulated, while the operator is located in the institute’s mission control center or anywhere on earth. Realistic tele-operation is performed by real-time satellite links via a ground station on top of the the institute’s building and a relay satellite in geostationary orbit. For the renewed interest of NASA and ESA in human space exploration, an adapted and highly reliable life support system (LSS) is mandatory. In 2015 the Institute of Astronautics has improved the modeling tool V-HAB for arbitrary LSS, and deployed it in NASA and MIT projects. The modeling not only includes the life support components, but in particular a high-fidelity human model for astronauts living and working in this LSS. In January 2015, LRT also started the development of TU Munich’s second pico-satellite MOVE II.

Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ulrich Walter Contact www.lrt.mw.tum.de/ [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16003

Satellite Technologies – MOVE-II CubeSat Educational Program The CubeSat program MOVE (Munich Orbital Verification Experiment) was initiated in 2006 at LRT. The primary objective of the program, as in many university-led CubeSat programs worldwide, is the hands-on education of students. A secondary objective was to create a platform for validating new technologies in space. The first CubeSat of the program, called First-MOVE, was launched on November 21, 2013. The programs’ second CubeSat, MOVE-II, is currently under development, with launch currently expected in late 2017. About 30 undergraduate and graduate students are currently working on the satellite, with one staff member of LRT as full-time project manager. MOVE-II is a cooperation between the LRT and the student

LISAMS+ high-gain antenna during antenna pattern tests at the Hochschule München – compensated compact antenna range facility

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group Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Raketentechnik und Raumfahrt (WARR). Project Details MOVE-II will evolve the subsystems that were developed in-house during the FirstMOVE program. With more demanding on-board data processing and storage needs for planned scientific payloads, the evolved on-board data handling system (OBDH) will be based on a commercial off-the-shelf, multicore central processing unit. Combined with a robust mass storage system and a failure tolerant file system, the OBDH targets increased per­ formance needed on CubeSat missions as well as robustness against induced errors and thus improving data integrity. Furthermore, an advanced solar panel deployment mechanism is currently under development based on the experience

from First-MOVE. The use of shape memory alloy technology will enable repeated deployment tests with the flight units, something that was not possible with the previous, disposable design. The mechanism was successfully verified on a sounding rocket launch campaign in early 2015. The overall goal of MOVE-II is to test and verify the so-called satellite bus, meaning all parts of the satellite requir­ed to run a payload. On MOVE-II, this includes communications, on-board data handling, the attitude control system, the power supply system, the structure and the thermal control system. Project Funding The project is funded by DLR (German Aerospace Center – Space Administration) research grant no. FKZ 50RM1509, man­ aged by Dr. Hans-Dieter Speckmann at the DLR Space Administration in Bonn.

Space Communication Technologies and Architectures demonstration of communication architectures in support of emergency response services using local UAVs over satellite communication systems. The CopKa emergency services use scenario represents a synergetic satellite communication system to the RACOON on orbit servicing architecture.

LISAES high-gain demonstrator antenna for liquid phase shifters jointly with TU Darmstadt.

On-orbit servicing and space debris removal missions with tele-operation, a key research area of LRT, require transmission of multi-channel video signals and spacecraft sensor and control information which can exceed data rates of 20 Mbps. These communication scenarios require, among other technologies, high-gain antenna systems and novel communication architectures supporting real-time operations. Projects in this research area include the development of novel direct radiating array antenna systems (LISA), a new project in hybrid manufacturing technologies for waveguides using galvanic processes in conjunction with lost core 3D printing technologies (CFRM-HF) and the new project CopKa, targeting the 258

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Project Details The Light-weight Intersatellite (Link) Satellite Antenna (LISA) R&D projects (TUM-LRT and LLB) develop and demonstrate novel manufacturing technologies for Ka-band communication hardware and use novel copper-galvanically manufactured horn antennas with a low-loss waveguide distribution network. Copper-galvanic allows the design of high performance, low loss and high frequency waveguide structures, using a lost core galvanic manufacturing process. As a technology demonstrator, two types of high gain Ka-band antennas were built as 40 x 40 cm reference models. A fast precision 2-axes mechanical steering mechanism is required to accurately

point these high-gain pencil antennas, together with a novel two-channel, lowloss Ka-band waveguide rotary joint with research partners from industry and the University of Applied Sciences Munich. As an alternative to mechanical steering, an option for a mechanism-free electric steering solution was developed with partners from industry and the Technical University Darmstadt. Using liquid-crystal phase shifters in the waveguide distribution network of the direct radiating antenna array uses superposition of phase-shifted signals from each horn in the array to provide an apparent beam steering. CopKa is a new project partnership (201518) between TUM-LRT and the IMST GmbH company in Kamp-Lintfort, and it targets the technology development and demonstration of a multi-sensor-based emergency services mission using a UAV helicopter and Ka-band satellite links. The project will develop and test novel communication architectures as well as supporting antenna control and manufac-

turing technologies, and demonstrate the integrated system in various test scenarios in cooperation with the TUM firefighting services. CFRM-HF (carbon fibre reinforced metals for HF structures) also is a new project for TUM-LRT and LLB (2015-17), investigating innovative manufacturing methods for microwave components in aerospace applications-technology evaluations and demonstrations using hybrid materials and manufacturing technologies for microwave feed systems. Project Funding These projects are funded by DLR (German Aerospace Center – Space Adminis­ tration) research grants no. FKZ 50YB1113 (LISA Ka-band electronic steering), FKZ 50YB1333 (LISA Ka-band mechanical steering), FKZ 50YB1533 (Hybrid Manufacturing CFRMHF) and FKZ 1523/1524 (CopKa Comm. Architectures), by BMWi/ DLR Space Administration in Bonn.

Carbon fiber reinforced copper metal matrix structure for high performance high frequency components with 3D-printed lost cores

RACOON – Real-time On-Orbit Teleoperation The RACOON Lab features a satellite proximity operations simulation environment. The lab consists of a hardwarein-the-loop simulator that represents position and attitude of two spacecraft in close proximity (e.g. for rendezvous and docking maneuvers). The lab provides realistic lighting conditions and hardware sensors to simulate realistic sensor data for the development of new spacecraft technologies (e.g. control algorithms). The real-time capabilities allow the inclusion of a human operator into the control loop for research in the area of human spacecraft interaction. This includes user studies for optimal human machine interface design or operator workload evaluation. Projects n RACOON Hardware-in-the-Loop Ver. 2 Simulator n Adaptive Communication Channels (DFG funded)

n SLAM Algorithms for Object Recon­ struction n Optimal Docking Trajectories (Munich Aerospace Scholarship)

RACOON Lab

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Exploration Technologies Research includes life support simulation, lunar and planetary dust processing and analysis and development of exploration technologies for extreme environments Exploration Projects LUISE-2 The scope of project LUISE-2 (Lunar In-Situ Resource Experiments) is to determine the thermal and mechanical properties of lunar regolith that are impor­ tant for the transport of lunar samples and the thermal extraction of volatile content. LUISE-2 is funded by the German Aerospace Agency (DLR) with LRT being the prime contractor since 2012. Within this project alternative methods for volatile extraction are investigated under lunar environmental conditions, which are also interesting for future in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) applications. LUISE-2 investigates lunar regolith handling and analysis processes such as sampling, preparation (transport, measuring, filling), thermal gas evolution, and gas analysis. For the relevant gas extraction processes the thermal properties of lunar regolith simulant were determined experimentally. New concepts for heaters and instruments that can be used in a lunar application, more specifically on a mobile lunar surface craft, have been developed and tested. Test beds for the ‘stamp heater’ instrument concept were established to evaluate the heat transfer into lunar regolith simulant with a single electrically powered heating rod. This concept was further refined and supporting studies for the design of a demonstrator were conducted. Additionally the research in LUISE-2 focused on the gas permeability of lunar regolith to evaluate the process of volatile transport through a sample. The outcome of project LUISE-2 contributes to a better understanding of sampling and thermal extraction processes on the moon and provides useful data for the conception of a scientific in-situ sampling and analysis instrument. Furthermore the results are relevant for broader ISRU applications on the moon. 260

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PROSPECT The instrument package PROSPECT that is developed under contract to the European Space Agency (ESA) for the upcoming Luna-27 mission to the lunar South Pole makes use of the ProsPA (Lunar Polar Prospecting – Processing and Analysis) gas analysis instrument. LRT was involved in the Phase A study of this instrument and responsible for the development of sample ovens that contain the lunar regolith samples for thermal gas extraction and subsequent gas analysis. Trade studies supported by computer simulations and thermal-vacuum testing of oven specimen were performed to evaluate the problem of heat transfer into the samples, temperature distribution within the sample, and to assess the feasibility of the required heating modes. Robotic Exploration in Extreme Environments – Helmholtz-Project Robex The LRT participates in the Helmholtz financed project Robotic Exploration in Extreme Environments (ROBEX). ROBEX covers topics of robotic deep sea exploration as well as robotic space exploration where both research fields benefit from synergies. LRT research within ROBEX focuses on two topics: on one hand the effect of accelerated lunar dust particles on standard space materials is investigated and on the other hand LRT studies various thermal aspects on robotic planetary operation. V-HAB – Modeling and Simulation of Life Support Systems To fully assess the long-term operation and stability of life support systems (LSS) for exploration missions, static analysis methods are insufficient. Establishing mass balances and selecting technologies based on average performance values is a fast and proven method for feasibility studies but, once the system design becomes more detailed, certain aspects of the system behavior cannot be captured. To provide this additional information, the

Institute of Astronautics has developed the Virtual Habitat or V-HAB. V-HAB is a MATLAB®-based simulation software which enables the dynamic simulation of life support systems, the humans occupying the simulated habitat and the mission that is being performed. The first development step was completed in early 2013 when the simulation system was validated by comparing data from a virtual model of the International Space Station LSS with actual flight data. This coincided with the completion of a dissertation on the rationale and development of V-HAB by Dr. Markus Czupalla. Four other dissertations where derived from this initial work, each adding to V-HAB’s already broad spectrum of capabilities. One of these dissertations was completed in late 2013 by Dr. Phillip Hager who contributed a dynamic thermal simulation tool to capture the thermal dynamics of moving objects (e.g. astro­nauts, rovers) on the lunar surface. The three other disserta-

tions, which are still in progress, cover the simulation of portable life support systems for space suits, the addition of dynamic crew scheduling algorithms to the human model and dynamic, thermal path optimization for rovers and astronauts on planetary surfaces. In addition to the previously mentioned dissertations, the group published its work at the annual International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), the preeminent con­ference for the life support system community. The peer-reviewed papers were well received and the already strong ties to LSS experts from NASA and industry could be expand­ed. In total the group published three papers at the ICES 2015 conference. In addition to these conference papers, the group also published three journal papers and continued the extensive involvement of students in the current research, producing a total of 14 Bachelor’s theses, 6 Master’s theses and 5 term papers in 2015.

Research Focus n Real-time tele-robotics in space n Space communication technologies n Space mechanisms n Analysis of life support systems n Nano satellites n Lunar in-situ resource utilization n Hypervelocity impacts

Lectures in: n Fundamentals of Spaceflight n Space System Design/Technology n Orbit- and Flight Mechanics n Human Spaceflight n Systems Engineering n Stars and Cosmology n Space Environment and its Simulation n Near Earth Objects

Competence n Systems engineering tools for development of complex systems n End-to-end satellite communication n Dynamic simulation of life support systems Infrastructure n Machine and electronics shop n Cleanroom (Class 8) n Thermal-vacuum chambers n Proximity operations simulator n Groundstation (Ka-, S- and UHF/VHF band communication) n Mission control center n Hypervelocity accelerator

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Management Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ulrich Walter, Director Dr. Alexander Höhn, Assoc. Professor (adj.), Univ. of Colorado Dr.-Ing. Martin Rott, Academic Director Emeriti Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harry O. Ruppe, Emeritus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eduard Igenbergs, Emeritus Adjunct Professors Hon. Prof. Dr. med. Hans Pongratz apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Schmucker Dr. rer. nat. Markus Brandstätter (lecturer) Dr.-Ing. Detlef Koschny, esa-estec (lecturer) Administrative Staff Petra Lochner

Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Jan Harder, DFG Postdoc Dipl.-Ing. Christian Bühler Dipl.-Ing. Martin Dziura Dipl.Inf. Christian Fuchs Carla Hoehn, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Killian Dipl.-Ing. Martin Langer Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Letschnik Dipl.-Ing. Claas Olthoff Dr.-Ing. Ralf Purschke (grad. 2015) Philipp Reiß, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Tebbe Jacopo Ventura, M.Sc. Dr. Ing Ming Ming Wang (grad. 2015) Dipl.-Ing. Hendrik Enke, external Dipl.-Ing. arch. Thomas Dirlich, external Dipl.-Inf. Carolin Eckl, external Dipl.-Ing. Jonas Schnaitmann, external Technical Staff Tobias Abstreiter Leonhard Röpfl

Publications 2014-15 n Barber; Carpenter; Wright; Morse; Sheridan; Morgan; Jr., Gibson; Howe; Reiss; Richter; Fisackerly; Houdou: (2015) ProsPA: A Miniature Chemical Laboratory for In-Situ Assessment of Lunar Volatile Resources. European Lunar Symposium, 2015. Editors: Dell‘Agnelllo, Simone; Anand, Mahesh n Boden, Ralf C.; Hein, Andreas M.; Kawaguchi, Junichiro (2015): Target selection and mass estimation for manned NEO exploration using a baseline mission design. Acta Astronautica 111, 2015, pp. 198-221, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. actaastro.2015.02.018 n Bühler, Christian Alexander (2015): Experimental investigation of lunar dust impact wear. Wear 342, 2015, pp. 244-251, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. wear.2015.09.002 n Bühler, Christian (2015): Experimentelle Untersuchung der Schadwirkung von Staubeinschlägen unter verschiedenen Winkeln während Lunaren Landevorgängen. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2015, Rostock, URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-201510192071 n Bühler, Christian (2015): Experimental Investigation of Material Deposition by Lunar Dust Impacts. 66th Meeting of the Aeroballistic Range Association, October 4-9, 2015, San Antonio, Texas, USA n Carpenter, J. D.; Barber, S.; Cerroni, P.; Fisackerly, R.; Fumagalli, A.; Houdou, B. et al. (2014): Accessing and assessing lunar resources with PROSPECT. In: LEAG (Hg.): Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group. Laurel, Maryland, USA, 22-24 October 2014. Available online: http:// oro.open.ac.uk/41598/1/3018.pdf.

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n Czupalla, M., Zhukov, A., Schnaitmann, J., Olthoff, C. T., Deiml, M., et al., ‘The Virtual Habitat – A tool for dynamic life support system simulations’, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 55, No. 11, 2015, pp. 2683–2707, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.12.029 n Deiml, Michael; Suderland, Martin; Reiss, Philipp; Czupalla, Markus (2015): Development and evaluation of thermal model reduction algorithms for space­craft. Acta Astronautica 110, 2015, pp. 168-179, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. actaastro.2015.01.018. n Deiml M., Kaufmann M., Knieling P., Olschewski F., Toumpas P., Langer M., Ern M., Koppmann R., Riese M.: ‘DiSSECT – Development of a small satellite for climate research’, Proceedings of the 65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, October 2014. n Fuchs C., Langer M. and Trinitis C.: ‘A Fault-Tolerant Radiation-Robust Filesystem for Space Use’, in: Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 2015, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 9017, pp 96-107, Springer, 2015. n Fuchs C., Langer M. and Trinitis C.: ‘Towards Fault-Tolerant Radiation-Robust Data Storage through Software Measures’, in: The 8th ESA Workshop on Avionics Data, Control and Software Systems, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Leiden, The Netherlands, October 27-29, 2014 n Fuchs C., Langer M. and Trinitis C.: ‘FTRFS: A Fault-Tolerant Radiation-Robust Filesystem for Space Use’, informatics version, ARCS 2015 – The 28th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, Porto, Portugal, March 24-27, 2015.

n Fuchs C., Langer M. and Trinitis C.: ‘Enabling Dependable Data Storage for Miniaturized Satellites’, in: Proceedings of the AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Student Competition, SSC15-VIII-6. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ smallsat/2015/all2015/59/. n Fuchs C., Langer M. and Trinitis C.: ‘A Fault-Tolerant Radiation-Robust Mass Storage Concept for Highly Scaled Flash Memory’, in: DASIA 2015 – Data Systems in Aerospace, Barcelona, Spain 19-21 May, 2015. n Fuchs C., Langer M., Trinitis C., Appel N.: ‘Dependable Computing for Miniaturized Satellites’, 4th EIROforum School on Instrumentation (ESI 2015), ESO & EuroFusion, Garching, Germany, June 15-19 2015. n Langer M., Olthoff C., Harder J., Fuchs C., Dziura M., Hoehn A., Walter U.: ‘Results and lessons learned from the CubeSat mission First-MOVE’, in: Small Satellite Missions for Earth Observation, R. Sandau, H.-P. Roeser und A. Valenzuela, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 n Göser, Johannes; Olthoff, Claas Tido (2014): Results of a Dynamic Liquid Cooling Garment Simulation in V-SUIT. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems. 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Tucson, Arizona, USA, 13-17 July 2014. ICES. n Grulich, Maria; Koop, Artur; Ludewig, Phillip; Gutsmiedl, Johannes; Kugele, Johannes; Ruck, Thomas; Mayer, Ingo, Schmid, Alexander; Dietmann, Karl: (2015) SMARD-REXUS-18: Development and verification of an SMA-Based CubeSat Solar Panel Deployment mechanism In: Ouwehand, L. (publisher): European rocket and balloon programmes and related research, Volume 730. ESA Communications, ESTEC, 2015, pp. 421-428, ISBN 929221294X n Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Besse, S.; Mousis, O.; Ali-Dib, M.; Höfner, S.; Koschny, D.; Hager, P. (2015): On the Evolution of Comets. Space Science Reviews, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214015-0148-9. n Hager, P. B.; Klaus, D. M.; Walter, U. (2014a): Characterizing transient thermal interactions between lunar regolith and surface spacecraft. In: Planetary and Space Science 92, pp. 101-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2014.01.011. n Hager, P. B.; Parzinger, S.; Haarmann, R.; Walter, U. (2014b): Transient thermal envelope for rovers and sample collecting devices on the Moon. In: Advances in Space Research. DOI: 10.1016/j. asr.2014.12.012. n Hager, P. B.; Parzinger, S.; Haarmann, R.; Walter, U. (2014): Transient thermal envelope for rovers and sample collecting devices on the Moon. Advances in Space Research, 2014, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.12.012. n Hager, P.B.; Klaus, D.M.; Walter, U.: Characterizing transient thermal interactions between lunar regolith and surface spacecraft. Planetary and Space Science 92, 2014, 101-116, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.01.011. n Hager, Philipp B.; Walter, Ulrich; Massina, Christopher J.; Klaus, David M.: Characterizing a Transient Heat Flux Envelope for Lunar-Surface Spacesuit Thermal Control Applications. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2015, pp. 1-10, http:// dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.A33182 n Harder, J.; Preis, L.: User Study on Human Visual Inspection Capabilities of Space Debris Status. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2015, 2015.

n Hein, Andreas M.; Metsker, Yuriy; Sturm, Joachim: Towards a Capability Framework for Systems Architecting and Technology Strategy. In: Marle, Franck (Hrsg.): Risk and change management in complex systems. Hanser., 2014, ISBN 978-1-56990-491-6. n Hein, Andreas M.: How to Assess Heritage Systems in the Early Phases? Electronic format submission for AP2000. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Systems & Concurrent Engineering for Space Applications, 2014. n Killian, M; Hager, P. (2015): Traverse Planning on the Lunar Surface – Benefits from Thermal Modeling. Proceedings, 45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Bellevue, WA, USA, July 2015. n Killian, M; Reiss, P: Investigating Thermal Aspects of Lunar Traverses for Scientific Exploration. European Lunar Symposium, 2015. Editors: Dell‘Agnelllo, Simone; Anand, Mahesh. n Koschny, D.; Busch, M.: The Teide Observatory Tenerife Asteroid Survey. Planetary and Space Science, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. pss.2015.08.007. n Langer M., Appel N., Dziura M., Fuchs C., Günzel P., Gutsmiedl J., Losekamm M., Meßmann D., Trinitis C.: ‘MOVE-II – der zweite Kleinsatellit der Technischen Universität München’, Deutscher Luftund Raumfahrtkongress 2015, Rostock, Germany, September 22-24 2015. n Langer M., Dziura M., Losekamm M., Olthoff C., Ketzer B., Paul S., Walter U.: ‘The MOVE II mission: Detecting antiprotons in the South Atlantic Anomaly’, Proceedings of the 5th European CubeSat Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, 3-5 June 2013. n Langer, Martin; Olthoff, Claas Tido; Datashvili, Lery; Baier, Horst; Maghaldaze, N.; Walter, Ulrich: De­­ ployable Structures in the CubeSat Program MOVE. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Lightweight Structures and Reflector Antennas, 2014. n Losekamm M.J., Pöschl T., Langer M., Paul S.: ‘The AFIS detector: measuring antimatter fluxes on nanosatellites’, Proceedings of the 65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, October 2014. n McGrath, C.; Hager, P. (2013): Thermal Analysis of the CubeSat First-MOVE in Preparation for Launch using ESATAN-TMS r4. In: International Academy of Astronautics (Hg.): Proceedings of the 9th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation. 9th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation. Berlin, Germany. n Meier, Christoph; Browning, Tyson R.; Yassine, Ali A.; Walter, Ulrich (2015): The Cost of Speed: Work Policies for Crashing and Overlapping in Product Development Projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 62 (2), 2015, pp. 237-255. n Niederwieser, T., Anthony, J., Darnell, A., Gahbler, P., Hoehn, A., King, G., Koenig, P., Wright, J., Stodieck, L. (2015): ‘SABL – An EXPRESS locker-sized incubator/freezer for performing biological experiments onboard the ISS’, ICES-2015-81, Proceedings, 45th ICES 2015, Bellevue, WA. n Olthoff, C.; Pütz, D.; Schnaitmann, J. (2015): Dynamic Life Support System Simulations with V-HAB. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2015. n Olthoff, C. T., Schnaitmann, J., Bender, F., Koch, V., and Weber, J., ‘Development Status of the Thermal Layer of the Dynamic Life Support System Simulation V-HAB’, Proceedings of the 45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES-2015269, Bellevue; Washington; USA, 2015

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n Olthoff, Claas Tido; Schnaitmann, Jonas; Zhukov, Anton (2014): Development Status of the Dynamic Life Support System Simulation V-HAB. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Tucson, Arizona, USA, 13-17 July 2014. ICES. n Purschke, Ralf; Hoehn, Alexander (2014): Evaluation and test of different gear concepts for Ka-band Antenna Pointing Mechanisms. In: 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky, MT, USA, 1-8 March 2014, pp. 1-8. n Reiss, P; Hoehn, A; Henn, N (2015): Stamp-Heater Instrument Concept for Mobile In-Situ Extraction and Analysis of Lunar Volatiles. European Lunar Symposium, 2015. Editors: Dell’Agnelllo, Simone; Anand, Mahesh. n Reiss, P. and Hoehn, A (2014).: Evaluation of Small-scale Penetrators for Lunar Subsurface Investigation. European Lunar Symposium, 2014. n Reiss, P. and Hager, P. and Parzinger, S. and Henn, N. (2014): Technological Challenges for In-Situ Investigation of Lunar Resources. European Lunar Symposium, 2014. n Reiss, P.; Hager, P.; Hoehn, A.; Rott, M.; Walter, U. (2014a): Flowability of lunar regolith simulants under reduced gravity and vacuum in hopper-based conveying devices. In: Journal of Terramechanics 55, pp. 61-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jterra.2014.04.005. n Reiss, P.; Hager, P.; Parzinger, S.; Henn, N. (2014b): Technological Challenges for In-Situ Investigation of Lunar Resources. In: Proceedings of the European Lunar Symposium. London, United Kingdom, 15-16 May 2014. n Reiss, P.; Hoehn, A. (2014): Evaluation of Smallscale Penetrators for Lunar Subsurface Investigation. In: Proceedings of the European Lunar Symposium. London, United Kingdom, 15-16 May 2014. n Schnaitmann, J., Portner, B. W., Haber, R., and Sakurai, M., ‘Using V-HAB to Model and Simulate Air Revitalization System Technologies Developed at JAXA’, Proceedings of the 45th International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES-2015266, Bellevue; Washington; USA, 2015

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n Takahashi, Tadayuki; den Herder, Jan-Willem A.; Bautz, Mark; Perinati, E.; Rott, M.; Santangelo, A.; Suchy, S.; Tenzer, C.; Del Monte, E.; den Herder, J.-W.; Diebold, S.; Feroci, M.; Rachevski, A.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, G.; Zampa, N. (2014): Hyper-velocity impact test and simulation of a double-wall shield concept for the Wide Field Monitor aboard LOFT. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (SPIE Proceedings), SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2054943 n Tan, Jingwen; Ma, Weihua; Wang, Mingming; Luo, Jianjun (2014): Relative Navigation for Space Synchronization Based on GNSS Carrier Phase. In: IAF (Hg.): Proceedings of the 65th International Astronautical Congress. Toronto, Canada, 29 September – 3 October 2014. International Astronautical Federation. n Ventura, Jacopo; Romano, Marcello; Walter, Ulrich (2015): Performance evaluation of the inverse dynamics method for optimal spacecraft reorientation. In: Acta Astronautica 110, pp. 266-278. DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.11.041. n Ventura, Jacopo; Romano, Marcello (2014): Exact Analytic Solution for the Spin-up Maneuver of an Axially Symmetric Spacecraft. In: Acta Astronautica 104 (1). DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.07.038. p. 1-11. n Wilde, Markus; Harder, Jan T.; Ventura, Jacopo; Hörmann, Julian; Walter, Ulrich (2015): Impact of Space-to-Ground Video Transmission Constraints on Teleoperated Final Approach and Docking. In: Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 12 (7), pp. 441-454. DOI: 10.2514/1.I010288. n Zimmerhakl P., Fagerudd J., Ivchenko N., Tibert G., Langer M. and SEAM Team: ‘The Structural and Thermal Design Analysis of the SEAM CubeSat’, in: Small Satellite Missions for Earth Observation, R. Sandau, H.-P. Roeser und A. Valenzuela, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. n Zhukov, Anton; Czupalla, Markus (2014): The Virtual Habitat – Optimization of Life Support Systems. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Tucson, Arizona, USA, 13-17 July 2014. ICES.

Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials Experimental and theoretical characterization of metallic materials

n The focus of the Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials (WKM) in 2015 was to develop further the field of processing microstructure properties relationships of load bearing materials concentrating on metallic materials such as high strength steels, titanium, nickel, aluminum and tungsten alloys. Research is performed employing theoretical, numerical and experimental techniques with equal importance. The associated State Material Testing Laboratory serves as an important interface to industry with respect to research oriented (off­routine) testing of materials. Research activities concentrate on plasticity and failure of high strength dual-phase steels, strain localization of multiaxially deformed high strength steel sheets and residual stress analysis and quantification of the time dependence of residual stress states via experimental and theoretical approaches. Significant advances were made in the modeling of microstructure evolution of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V during selective laser melting, the integration of precipitation hardening into the process of densification of cast aluminum alloys by hot isostatic pressing and the solution of several inverse problems associated with the design of working cathodes as used in electrochemical machining. Work has begun on several new topics such as accumulative roll bonding of steel sheets or high entropy high temperature

Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Ewald Werner Contact www.wkm.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15247

X-ray diffractometer equipped with Eulerian cradle and area detector for in-situ measurement of phase transformations, texture and stress analysis (Photo: WKM)

alloys. One of the highlights of 2015 was the successful completion of the habilitation of Dr. C. Krempaszky for mechanics of materials.

Plasticity and Failure of High-Strength Sheet Materials for Automotive Applications The desire to produce steel sheet material with high strength, excellent formability and a rather low content of alloying elements has led to the development of a multitude of microstructure-strengthened steels. Among these are the ferriticmartensitic dual-phase (DP) steel grades, which are produced in a multi-step heat treatment. Their microstructure consists of a matrix of ferrite (soft), reinforced with isolated particles of martensite (hard). Research activities at WKM related to DP steels focus on heat treatmentinduced microstructural stresses and strains, their unusual plastic deformation behavior, and their microstructure governed failure behavior.

Phase averaged von Mises stresses in two different microstructures (bottom left and right) as a function of macroscopic strain in tension and compression. The martensite of the left microstructure exhibits an ‘unloading’ from heat treatment-induced stresses (i.e. the initial stress in the graph) up to roughly 0.5% of macroscopic strain. This effect causes higher macroscopic flow stress in compression than in tension. (Source: WKM)

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For a systematic study of the influence of microstructure features on plastic flow and failure of DP steels, a simulation model based on micro-continuum mechanics and tessellated microstructures was developed at WKM. Systematic simulations conducted with computer generated microstructures subjected to the same heat treatment and subsequent deformation routes as real DP steels served to explain several phenomena typical to this steel class. For the first time it became possible to clearify the importance of heat treatment-induced micro-strains for the initial plastic flow behavior and that of heat treatment-induced local deviatoric stresses for the experimentally observed load type-dependent macroscopic flow stress (see figure). The macroscopic strain for microstructural failure initiation in DP steels can be correlated with their microstructural heteroge-

neity. The higher the heterogeneity caused by a high contrast of phase strength or a large martensite phase fraction, the lower is the macroscopic strain for local failure initiation. Investigations are also conducted on the process of accumulated roll bonding (ARB) of dual-phase steels to evaluate the feasibility of this special production route for high strength steels. ARB currently is only applied to low strength steel grades and soft aluminum alloys, there revealing its potential to increase strength markedly by grain refinement induced be severe plastic deformation. Projects n Micromechanical modeling of the formability and failure of DP steels (voestalpine Stahl GmbH) n Accumulated roll bonding of dual phase steels (voestalpine Stahl GmbH)

Strain Localization Analysis of Multiaxially Deformed High Strength Sheet Steel Strain localization is limiting the formability of sheets and occurs on different length-scales. Particularly in case of multiphase materials exhibiting a high contrast in phase-specific strength, it appears necessary to take into account the microscale. In the course of the research activities at WKM, the forming limits of dual-phase steels are investigated using a decoupled sequential multi-scale modeling approach. This approach adopts a shear band analysis employing the concept of the acoustic tensor and combines a mechanical analysis of unit cells representing the microstructure on the grain level and the evolution of macroscopic mechanical field quantities in Nakajima test specimens. It could be shown that the morphology of the microstructure influences the position and orientation of the global shear band within the microstructure while the phase strength contrast triggers shear band formation.

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Shear band analysis in a DP500 unit cell, loaded in equibiaxial tension (BAT). The effective stress-strain curve is depicted in blue. Furthermore contour plots of the distribution of the hardening, h, the shear band variable, Qs, and the maximum principal strain, I, are shown for two specific strains. The white areas in the contour plots of Qs represent martensite, that does not reach a critical state. (Source: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.09.046)

Projects n Prognose des mechanischen Verhaltens von Dualphasen-Stählen mit Hilfe eines mikromechanischen Finite Elemente Modells (voestalpine Stahl GmbH)

Residual Stress Relaxation and Residual Stress Analysis

Experimental method for monitoring the evolution of thin-walled bent profile distortions. (Photo: WKM)

The redistribution of macroscopic residual stresses may lead to component distortions, which, in the worst case, do not conform to the required dimensional accuracy of the component. Residual stress redistribution may result either from the removal of portions of the workpiece during machining or from stress relaxation of the material due to microscopic diffusion processes. For metallic materials, the latter play a substantial role only in case of elevated temperatures. However, in case of very thin/slender components, even slight stress redistributions due to stress

relaxation at ambient temperature can result in undesirable distortions increasing with time. In this context, research activities focus on the investigation of stress redistributions in thin-walled bent profiles and the identification of the underlying microscopic mechanisms. This includes the development and application of experimental methods for residual stress analysis and for monitoring the evolution of component distortions as well as the theoretical estimation of the evolution of the residual stress state using adequate semianalytical and numerical modeling approaches. Projects n Eigenspannungsbedingter Bauteilverzug in rollgebogenen Stahlprofilen (Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH) n Spannungsrelaxation in Abhängigkeit der Mikrostruktur über mehrere Längenskalen in Haynes282 (DFG) n Development of an advanced design and production process of high temperature Ni-based alloy forgings (HiTNiFo) (EU, Clean Sky)

Microstructure Evolution of Ti-6Al-4V During Selective Laser Melting Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process used to produce near net shape parts with complex geometries from 3D CAD data directly, thus being economical for small batch series and individual items. In SLM, components are produced layerwise from metal powder, which is locally fully melted by a laser and then solidifies by self-quenching, free convection of shielding gas and thermal radiation from the free surface. This thermomechanical treatment of the material results in microstructures that differ significantly from those processed conventionally by forging or casting. WKM puts much effort into the development of multiphysics process models aiming at the prediction of SLM-generated microstructures. Main ingredients of these

models are – besides heat input and heat extraction modules – the consideration of kinetic aspects of liquid-solid and solid-solid phase transformations which control the evolution of microstructures. Detailed microstructure investigations were conducted for the important titanium

Polfigure of the [100] direction of the -phase. a) reconstructed from EBSD measurement of the ‘-phase and b) predicted by the simulation. (Source: WKM)

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alloy Ti-6Al-4V which after solidification undergoes a solid-solid transformation from the high-temperature -phase to the ’-phase upon cooling to room temperature. Since there exists a distinct orientation relationship between these two phases, the crystallographic features of the -phase can be reconstructed from crystallographic data collected for the ’-phase. It could be shown that the -phase solidifies as elongated grains oriented parallel to the build-direction of the part exhibiting a fibre texture.

Based on these findings a simulation tool was developed at WKM capturing interfacial motion, grain orientation and driving forces responsible for microstructure evolution. Projects n Light Weight-TCF – Werkstoffentwicklung und -charakterisierung im Rahmen der generativen Fertigungsverfahren (MTU Aero Engines AG, EOS GmbH – Electro Optical Systems)

Electrochemical Machining

Electrochemical machining of a cylindrical spring steel wire with a torus shaped cathode (not shown). Numerical simulation of the current density on the workpiece surface (left); experimental validation (right). (Source: WKM)

Anodic metal dissolution at high current densities (such as in electrochemical machining (ECM) and/or precise electrochemical machining (PECM)) is increasingly used when conventional machining reaches its economical and/or procedural limits, as e.g. for temperature sensitive, brittle or high strength metallic materials. In ECM the workpiece represents the anode of an electrolytic cell, whereas the tool is defined by the opposing cathodic-­ ally polarised electrode of a specific geometrical shape. To ensure that the desired workpiece geometry evolves in a controlled machining process, the pre-determination of the necessary shape of the cathode is imperative. This determination poses a major challenge in ECM. Therefore a procedure – based on the C++ library OpenFOAM – was developed at WKM to calculate cathode shapes for the manufacturing of complex 2- and 3-dimensional workpiece surfaces. Due to its improved accuracy compared to

existing shape-calculating methods, this approach reduces the number of expensive iterations in tool manufacturing. In addition, insights from simulation results (both the simulation of the dissolution process and the solution of the inverse problem to identify desired cathode shapes) are now used to identify processand material-related effects that can be evaluated separately in an experimental test setup. Current experimental research efforts are directed towards the influence of variations in mechanical material properties – such as residual stresses and dislocation densities, both of which can result from forming or heat treatment – on the macroscopic dissolution rate of selected materials. Project n Innovative, adaptive Prozessregelung ECM/PECM (MTU Aero Engines AG)

Failure in Integrated Circuits Growing demands on performance and durability of integrated circuits require an understanding of possible failure mechanisms like crack initiation within the interlayer dielectric and surface roughening of the metallization plate. One of the main causes for such failure arises 268

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from the mismatch in thermal expansion between the materials involved (conductor paths are made of aluminum and the surrounding interlayer dielectric of silicon oxide) leading to thermo-mechanical loads and, consequently, to various types of damage. Throughout their life,

electronic components undergo millions of thermo-­mechanical load cycles, so that an experimental life cycle analysis during the development process is costly and may not be feasible at all. Via simulation the influence of the aluminum microstructure on typical failure mechanisms was investigated utilizing a crystal plasticity material model taking into account the microstructure, the grain orientation, the grain size and the temperature dependency of relevant material properties. A number of experimental observations could be confirmed by these calculations like the stabilizing effect of a passivation layer on the surface roughening and the significant life extension by reducing the grain size of the conductor path grains. Grain size and orientation both influence the magnitude of surface roughening (see figure). Compared to grain size the influence of grain orientation

Deformed simulation model representing a part of an integrated circuit after 10 load cycles. (left); Influence of the grain size and orientation on the magnitude of surface roughening. (right) (Source: http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s00161-015-0477-7)

seems to play a less important role. Parameter studies are currently undertaken in order to find an optimum microstructure for aluminum leading to a minimum failure probability.

Failure in Tungsten under High Heat Flux Loads Currently the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is being built at Cadarache, France. Engineers are facing challenging material selection problems especially when designing components which are in contact with the fusion plasma to extract thermal power from the plasma. Power densities of more the 10 MW/m² are predicted to be withstood by these materials. The thermo-cyclic loads imposed on plasma facing materials (PFMs) e.g. in the divertor of a fusion reactor show great similarities to the loadings of accelerator targets and X-ray anodes. For all these applications tungsten or tungsten alloys are the preferred materials to withstand short-duration high heat-flux loadings. While tungsten exhibits favorable short-term high temperature properties, it is brittle at temperatures below the ductile to brittle-transition and shows undesired grain growth during long-term exposure. In collaboration with

Siemens AG and the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, WKM successfully studied fracture behavior and microstructure evolution of relevant tungsten grades both experimentally and via micromechanical modeling. Finally, a new processing route was developed for the production of isotropic and fine grained tungsten grades via tape casting. Projects n The path of the heat flow through a nuclear fusion power plant: Identification of components with other applications outside the field of fusion (Siemens AG, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics) n Reduced order modeling with application to microstructure engineering for process optimization (e. g. steel rolling) and component design (e. g. fusion reactor) (Siemens AG, Max-Planck-­ Institute for Plasma Physics)

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Research Focus n Testing and modeling of metallic high performance alloys (iron-, nickel-, titanium-, tungsten- and aluminum-based alloys) n Residual stress determination via diffraction methods (X-rays, neutrons) and incremental hole drilling n Microstructure based numerical modeling n Electron and light microscopy n Mechanical testing n Electrochemical machining Competence n High resolution scanning electron microscopy n Diffraction techniques n Material testing on demand Infrastructure n Material testing equipment n Light and electron microscopes n Hot isostatic press n Dilatometers and annealing simulator n Electrical and mechanical workshops n Electrochemical machining workstation n X-ray diffractometers Courses n Materials Science I and II n Engineering Materials Technology n Engineering Mechanics for Business Sciences n Fracture Mechanics/Plasticity Theory n Tensor Calculus for Engineers n Finite Elements in Mechanics of Materials n Electron Microscopy n Laboratory Courses on Materials Science, Mechanics of Materials and Finite Element Methods

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Management Prof. Dr. mont. habil. Dr. rer. nat. h. c. Ewald Werner, Director Dr.-Ing. Christian Krempaszky Adjunct Professors Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. Eng. (Univ. Nagoya/ Japan) Harald Bolt Administrative Staff Yvonne Jahn Research Scientists Dr.-Ing. Alexander Fillafer Stephan Hafenstein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Holfelder Dr.-Ing. Jinming Lu Dipl.-Ing. Felix Meier Marius Reiberg, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Gerwin Riedl Dr.-Ing. Cornelia Schwarz Johannes Seidl, M.Sc. Anneka Vogel, M.Sc. Helena vom Stein, M.Sc. Dr. mont. Zhonghua Wang Dipl.-Ing. Robert Wesenjak Technical Staff Wolfgang Bauer Brigitte Hadler Alois Huber Stefan Humplmair Carola Reiff Jens Reuter, B.Sc.

Publications 2015 Journals n M. Li, E. Werner, J.-H. You: Influence of heat flux loading patterns on the surface cracking features of tungsten armor under ELM-like thermal shocks. J. Nuc. Mat. 457 (2015) 256-265. DOI: 10.1016/j. jnucmat.2014.11.026 n M. Li, E. Werner, J.-H. You: Low cycle fatigue behavior of ITER-like divertor target under DEMO-relevant operation conditions. Fusion Engng. and Design 90 (2015) 88-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes. 2014.11.017 n M. Li, E. Werner, J.-H. You: Cracking behavior of tungsten armor under ELM-like thermal shock loads: A computational study. Nuc. Mat. Energy 2 (2015) 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2014.10.001 n M. Li, M. Sommerer, E. Werner, S. Lampenscherf, T. Steinkopff, P. Wolfrum, J.-H. You: Experimental and computational study of damage behavior of tungsten under high energy electron beam irradiation. Engng. Frac. Mech. 135 (2015) 64-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.01.017 n E. Werner, R. Wesenjak, A. Fillafer, F. Meier, C. Krempaszky: Microstructure-based modelling of multiphase materials and complex structures. Continuum Mech. and Thermodyn. 27 (2015) 22 p. DOI: 10.1007/s00161-015-0477-7 n S. Hafenstein, E. Werner, J. Wilzer, W. Theisen, S. Weber, C. Suderkötter, M. Bachmann: Influence of temperature and tempering conditions on thermal conductivity of hot work tool steels for hot stamping applications. Steel Res. Int. 86 (2015) 1628-1635. DOI: 10.1002/srin.201400597 n R. Wesenjak, C. Krempaszky, E. Werner: Prediction of forming-limit curves of dual-phase steels based on a multiple length scale modelling approach considering materials instabilities. Comput. Mat. Sci. in press. DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci. 2015.09.046 n F. Meier, C. Schwarz, E. Werner: Numerical calculation of the tangent stiffness tensor in materials modeling. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. in press. DOI: 10.1016/j. cma.2015.11.034

Conferences n E. Werner, C. Krempaszky, A. Fillafer: Werkstoffmechanik des Lochaufweitversuchs an hochfesten Stahlfeinblechen. 11. Tagung Gefüge und Bruch, Leoben, A, 2015. n P. Holfelder, G. Hawranek, S. Primig, C. Krempaszky, E. Werner: Modellierung der Erstarrung von selektiv lasergeschmolzenem Ti-6Al-4V mit der Phasenfeld-Methode. 61. Metallkunde-Kolloquium, Lech am Arlberg, A, 2015. n F. Meier, C. Schwarz, E. Werner: Influence of micro-structure of Al-components on the life time of integrated circuits. ICM12 – 12th Int. Conf. on the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Karlsruhe, D, 2015

n F. Meier, C. Schwarz, E. Werner: Modeling and simulation of thin Al-film under cyclic thermal loading. IV Int. Conf. on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, Coupled Problems 2015, Venice, IT, 2015. n E. Werner, C. Krempaszky, A. Fillafer, R. Wesenjak, F. Meier: Microstructure-based modelling of multiphase materials and complex structures. ACE-X 2015 – 9th Int. Conf. on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting. Munich, D, 2015. n P. Holfelder, C. Krempaszky, E. Werner: Selective laser melting of Ti-6Al-4V: Influence of process parameter on the microstructure. Numerical simulation of solification with a thermodynamically motivated nucleation and growth model. PM Titanium 2015, 3rd Conf. on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium. Lüneburg, D, 2015. n A. Pichler, T. Hebesberger, D. Krizan, F. Winkelhofer, K. Hausmann, E. Werner: Phase transformations, microstructures and mechanical properties of TBF/Q&P grades. MS&T 2015, Fundamentals, Characterization and Computational Modeling. Symposium: Phase Stability, Diffusion Kinetics, and their Applications (PSDK-X), Columbus, OH, USA, 2015

Patents n M. Sommerer, S. Walter: Electron Beam Welding als Verbindungstechnik von W-Brennbahnen mit keramischen Drehanodenkörpern aus SiC. (DE102012210506) n M. Sommerer, H. von Dewitz: Herstellung von Partikel- und Faser verstärkten Refraktärmetallen mittels Foliengießen oder Extrusion. (DE102012217182) n M. Sommerer: Herstellung von (Thermoschock optimierter) Refraktärmetalle mit isotroper Werkstoffstruktur mittels Extrusion. (DE102012217188) n M. Sommerer, S. Lampenscherf, S. Walter, E. Werner, H. von Dewitz: Herstellung von (Thermoschock optimierten) Refraktärmetallen mit isotroper Werkstoffstruktur mittels Foliengießen. (DE102012217191) n M. Sommerer: Herstellung von isotropen Refraktärmetallschichten und -komponenten mittels Elektronenstrahlschmelzen oder Laserschmelzen für Anwendungen mit thermozyklischer und mechanischer Belastung. (DE102012217194) n M. Sommerer: Verschleiß reduzierender Betrieb von im Thermoschock punktuell belasteten (Refraktärmetall-) Komponenten – insbesondere in den Anwendungen der Röntgenanode und dem Target in Beschleunigern. (DE102013203218)

Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials

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Institute of Biochemical Engineering Industrial biotechnology

n Industrial biotechnology (‘white biotechnology’) makes use of micro­ organisms or enzymes for the industrial production of chemicals like special and fine chemicals, building blocks for agricultural or pharmaceutical products, additives for manufacturing as well as bulk chemicals and fuels. Renewable resources are the favored raw materials for industrial biotech­nology.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz Contact www.biovt.mw.tum.de/ bioverfahrenstechnik [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15712

The Institute of Biochemical Engineering is dealing with all aspects of the technical use of biochemical reactions for industrial biotechnology. The research focus is on bioreactors and biocatalysis, as well as on (gas-) fermentation and bioprocess integration.

Pilot-scale bioreactors are used for the research at the Institute of Biochemical Engineering (copyright: TUM)

Bioreactors tors along with automation of process management. Highlight New miniaturized fluorimetric pH sensors with a dynamic range of pH 4-7 are made available for the bioreactor unit with 48 parallel single-use stirred-tank bioreactors developed at the Institute of Biochemical Engineering.

Bioreactor unit with 48 parallel single-use stirred-tank bioreactors on a ‘shoe-box scale’ (copyright: 2mag AG – www.2mag.de)

The effective generation of process information represents a major bottleneck in microbial production process development and optimization. An approach to overcome the necessity of a large number of time- and labor-consuming experiments in lab-scale bioreactors is miniaturization and parallelization of stirred-tank reac-

Projects n High throughput reaction engineering analysis of halophilic microorganisms for enzyme production n Continuous fermentations in miniatur­ ized stirred-tank reactors n Multi-parameter analytics in parallel bioreactors

Biocatalysis High demands are set upon the optical purity of building-blocks for the production of pharmaceuticals. Due to the high natural selectivity of biocatalysts, biocatalysis appears as favorable method for the purpose of chiral syntheses. Major research interests are the development of new reaction engineering methods and devices to intensify whole cell biotransformations of hydrophobic, unstable and/or toxic substrates up to the technical scale. 272

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Highlight Production of enzymes with combined immobilization in one process step reduces the costs for biocatalyst preparation. Therefore, enzymes were first anchored to the inner membrane of E. coli. The cells were subsequently opened by expression of a lytic phage protein to obtain cellular envelopes with membrane anchored enzymes.

Projects n Polymeric nano-compartments for biocatalytic applications n Membrane functionalisation of nanoscale enzyme membrane reactors n Surface functionalisation of nano-scale enzyme membrane reactors n Minimal cells for multi-enzyme synthesis n Production of N-acetylneuraminic acid using epimerases from cyanobacteria n Asymmetric reductions using optimized ene-reductases from cyanobacteria

Scheme of the novel one-step expression and immobilization method for the production of biocatalytic preparations: 1. Intracellular expression of enzymes with membrane anchors and in situ immobilization to the inner surface of the cell membrane; 2. Expression of a lytic phage protein; 3. Pore formation in the cell wall and release of the cytosol; 4. Cellular envelope with immobilized enzymes (copyright: Sührer, TUM)

Fermentation Making use of microorganisms for the production of chemicals from renewable resources is the core of industrial biotechnology. Reaction engineering analyses of metabolically optimized producer strains and metabolic analyses of microorganisms in production processes are necessary for efficient bio-production on an industrial scale. Highlight Metabolic control of the microbial L-phenylalanine production process with glycerol as carbon source was identified by applying short-term perturbation experiments of 20 minutes in stirred-tank bioreactors, metabolom and fluxom analyses and a kinetic network model.

Projects n Bioprocess development for the production of single-stranded DNA n Microbial electrosynthesis for the production of chemicals n Metabolic analyses of recombinant microorganisms from production processes n Microbial production of lipids n Metabolic control analysis of microbial fed-batch production of L-phenyl-­ alanine n Production of terpenoid glycosides by recombinant Escherichia coli

Pilot­scale fermentations were performed at the TUM­Research Center for Industrial Biotechnology (copyright: Sun, TUM)

Gas Fermentation Special microorganisms are able to produce chemicals with carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. Energy may be supplied from sunlight or hydrogen gas. Bioprocess engineering is the key to make use of these energy sources for the microbial production of chemicals from carbon dioxide on an industrial scale.

Highlight Phototrophic processes with microalgae can now be studied on a pilot-scale making use of the new microalgae pilot plant facilities with LED daylight illumination at the Ludwig-Bölkow Campus in Ottobrunn. The climate simulation technology for the operation of new open algae bioreactors is unique in the world and was developed in close cooperation with the Institute of Biochemical Engineering. Institute of Biochemical Engineering

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Setting-up of operation of the newly developed LED day-light illumination at the micro-algae pilot plant facilities inaugurated in October 2015 (copyright: TUM)

Projects n Modeling of microalgae cultivation in open photobioreactors n Characterization of new microalgae for open photobioreactors n Mass production of microalgae in open photobioreactors n Reaction engineering analysis of new microalgae n Microbial production of chemicals from synthesis gas n Gas fermentation with Clostridium carboxidivorans n Hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid n Gas fermentation with Clostridium aceticum n Multi-purpose reactor for gas fermentations

Bioprocess Integration In many cases, downstream processing is by far the most cost-intensive step of a bioprocess. Often, multiple-step bioseparations are required yielding rather low product yields. Therefore, existing bioseparation processes should be improved and combined to reduce the number of process steps. The focus is on bioprocess integration of fermentation/biocatalysis and downstream processing. Highlight A three-dimensional deterministic model applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element

Simulation of chromatographic column packing behavior (copyright: Dorn,TUM)

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method (DEM) was developed and validated to simulate chromatographic column packing behavior during either flow or mechanical compression. Projects n Non-stationary hydrodynamics of chromatography columns n Preparative purification of proteins via crystallization n Preparative purification of proteins via extraction

Research Focus n Micro-bioprocess engineering/ bio­reactors n Biocatalysis n Fermentation n Gas fermentation n Bioprocess integration Competence n Design and automation of bioreactor systems n Bioprocess development and optimiza­ tion n Metabolic analysis of microbial reac­ tions in bioreactors n Metabolomics n Downstream processing Infrastructure n Stirred-tank bioreactor systems up to a 100 l scale n Flat-panel photobioreactor systems with high-power LEDs n Parallel bioreactor systems automated with lab robots n Anaerobic work benches/sterile laminar flow work benches n Syngas labs (CO2, CO, H2) n Phage lab n Cooled lab (4° C) n Electronic/mechanical work shop n Analytical lab (LC-MS, flow cytometry, GC, LC, etc.) Courses n Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals n Biochemical Engineering n Bioprocesses n Bioprocesses and Bioproduction n Industrial Bioprocesses n Bioreactors/Bioreaction Engineering n Environmental and Biochemical Engineering n Separation of Macromolecular Bio-­ products n Practical Training on Biochemical Engineering n Practical Training on Bioprocess Engineering

Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz, Director Administrative Staff Ellen Truxius Gabriele Herbrik Research Scientists Dr. Kathrin Castiglione, TUM Junior Fellow Dr.-Ing. Dariusch Hekmat Dipl.-Ing. Michael Weiner Ilka Sührer, M.Sc. Christina Kantzow, M.Sc. Anna Groher, M.Sc. Andreas Schmideder, M.Sc. Ludwig Klermund, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt.Ing. Andreas Apel Sarah Poschenrieder, M.Sc. Julia Tröndle, M.Sc. Tom Schwarzer, M.Sc. Anja Koller, M.Sc. Andrea Weber, M.Sc. Benjamin Kick, M.Sc. Sarah Hintermayer, M.Sc. Eva Schußmann, M.Sc. Kathrin Doll, M.Sc. Martin Dorn, M.Sc. Christina Pfaffinger, M.Sc. Timm Severin, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Peter Riegler Alexander Mayer, M.Sc. Xenia Priebe, M.Sc. Samantha Hansler, M.Sc. Christian Burger, M.Sc. Christoph Mähler, M.Sc. Technical Staff Georg Kojro Norbert Werth Markus Amann Florian Sedlmaier

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Publications 2015 n Dorn M, Hekmat D (2015): Simulation of the dynamic packing behavior of preparative chromatography columns via discrete particle modeling. Biotechnol Prog, DOI 10.1002/btpr.2210. n Schmideder A, Hensler S, Lang M, Stratmann A, Giesecke U, Weuster-Botz D (2015): High-cell-density cultivation and recombinant protein production with Komagataella pastoris in stirred-tank bioreactors from milliliter to cubic meter scale. Proc Biochem, DOI 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.024. n Strillinger E, Grötzinger SW, Allers T, Groll M, Eppinger J, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Production of halophilic proteins with Haloferax volcanii H1895 in a stirred tank bioreactor. App Microbiol Biotechnol, DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7007-1. n Weiner M, Tröndle J, Albermann C, Sprenger GA, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Perturbation experiments: Approaches for metabolic pathway analysis in bioreactors. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol, DOI 10.1007/10-2015-326. n Sührer I, Langemann T, Lubitz W, Weuster-Botz D, Castiglione K (2015): A novel one-step expression and immobilization method for the production of biocatalytic preparations. Microbial Cell Factories 14: 180-189. n Kantzow C, Mayer A, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Continuous gas fermentation by Acetobacterium woodii in a submerged membrane reactor with full cell retention. J Biotechnol 212: 11-18. n Schmideder A, Severin TS, Cremer J, Weuster-Botz D (2015): A novel milliliter-scale chemostat system for parallel cultivation of microorganisms in stirred-tank bioreactors. J Biotechnol 210: 19-24. n Faust G, Stand A, Weuster-Botz D (2015): IPTG can replace lactose in auto-induction media to enhance protein expression in batch-cultured Escherichia coli. Eng Life Sci 15: 824-829. n Kick B, Praetorius F, Dietz H, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Efficient production of single-stranded phage DNA as scaffolds for DNA origami. Nano Letters 15: 4672-4676.

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n Hekmat D, Breitschwerdt P, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Purification of proteins from solutions containing residual host cell proteins via preparative crystallization. Biotechnol Lett 37:1791-1801. n Janzen N, Schmidt M, Krause C, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Evaluation of fluorimetric pH-sensors for bioprocess monitoring at low pH. Bioproc Biosys Eng 38: 1685-1692. n Klermund L, Riederer A, Groher A, Castiglione K (2015): High-level soluble expression of a bacterial N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase in recombinant Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 111: 36-41. n Weiner M, Tröndle J, Schmideder A, Binder K, Albermann C, Sprenger GA, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Parallelized small-scale production of uniformly 13C-labeled cell-extract for quantitative metabolome analysis. Anal Biochem 478: 134-140. n Hekmat D (2015): Large-scale crystallization of proteins for purification and formulation. Bioproc Biosys Eng 38:1209–1231. n Apel A, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Engineering solutions for open microalgae mass cultivation and realistic indoor simulation of outdoor environments. Bioproc Biosys Eng 38: 995-1008. n Sun B, Hartl F, Castiglione K, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Dynamic mechanistic modeling of the multi-enzymatic one-pot reduction of dehydrocholic acid to 12-keto ursodeoxycholic acid with competing substrates and cofactors. Biotechnol Prog 31: 375–386. n Fu Y, Castiglione K, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Ene-reductases from cyanobacteria for industrial biocatalysis. Industrial Biocatalysis (Ed. Grunwald P), Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., 631-661. n Hekmat D, Maslak D, Freiherr von Roman M, Breitschwerdt P, Ströhle C, Vogt A, Berensmeier S, Weuster-Botz D (2015): Non-chromatographic preparative purification of enhanced green fluorescent protein. J Biotechnol 194: 84-90.

Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering Medical and polymer engineering, process & manufacturing method development, sterile production, vascular and cardiac engineering

n The Institute of Medical and Polymer Technology inaugurated the Central Institute for Medical Engineering in 2000 and established in the same year the Masters Curriculum of Medical Engineering, the first one of its kind on university level in Germany, and it offers a comprehensive curriculum in medical engineering and in polymer engineering. Today more than 400 students follow the institute’s courses and seminars every semester. Teaching is focused primarily on industrial and clinical needs. The Institute represents two main and interacting focus areas: A) Medical engineering with a strong impact on biocompatible materials engineering, mainly process engineer­ ing of materials and designing of tools, molds and parts, specified for medical implants made from non-metallic organic materials. It develops new surfaces and structures of material-cell-interfaces, i.e. porosities, in order to optimize biocompatibility behaviour following implantation in patients. It provides respective testing, including biotoxicity testing and the development of tissue engineering systems. B) Polymer engineering and tooling is intensively represented with an outstanding polymer technology infrastructure. All industrially relevant processes are presented in teaching, micro-injection

molding is a key research area. This includes the entire designing and manufacturing process of tools, devices and machines, i.e. the most compact injection molding machine worldwide has been designed and manufactured by us.

Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. habil. Erich Wintermantel Contact

Research currently concentrates on three main areas: 1) Hemocompatible and hemoactive surfaces, biosystems, devices and implants and corresponding relevant manufacturing processes, 2) Functionalized polymeric implants through process engineering, 3) Improved polymers, process tooling and analysis tools, i.e. surface modification or materials reinforcements, all strictly oriented towards high socioeconomic impact.

www.medtech.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.16701

Research Example: Optimization of Biochemical Surface Properties: Silicone Long-Term Implantable Port-Catheter System Medical grade silicone elastomers present considerable advantages as implant material due to their excellent chemical stability and their wide range of mechanical properties. The objective of the project is to verify the suitability of medical grade silicones as long-term implantation material with in-vitro tests. The biological properties of the silicone surface are optimized with specific material modifications improving blood compatibility and interactions with subcutaneous tissue. Those modified silicone elastomers are a promising long term implant material which is tested in a port-catheter system.

Silicone port-catheter developed at the institute. Source: Boudot, C., 2015

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Research Example: Polymers for Medical Applications: Hard-Soft Composites with Small Adhesion Interfaces

Peel test of miniaturized test specimen and resulting peel front. Source: Seitz, V., 2015

The combination of elastomeric materials with thermoplastic substrates during an injection molding process offers many advantages for medical products such as the integration of different functionalities, a reduction of assembly costs or the increase in process safety. Many of these

Research Focus n Vascular and cardiac engineering n Medical polymer engineering n Machine and process technology n Polymer technology n Sterile polymer manufacturing n Implantology n Drug release systems Competence n Polymer processing n Polymer testing n Bio-/hemocompatibility testing n Polymer aging n Polymer design n Medical device design n Polymer process simulation n Mechanical and fluid dynamic simulation n Virtual planning and modelling n Engineering medical devices n Incubator and cell culture design Infrastructure n Tech lab (CNC milling machine, water jet cutting, etc.) n Bio lab (S1 classified for bio-/hemocomp., sterility testing) n Polymer lab (molding machines and testing) 278

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medical applications are small in dimensions with a reduced adhesion interface. In this research work the adhesion of different elastomers (thermoplastic elastomers and self-adhesive silicone rubber) on thermoplastic substrates is investigated using miniaturized test geometries. The mechanical bond strength is evaluated via peel tests and surface modifications are applied to increase adhesion. Moreover, the stability of the composites against fluids in a medical environment or sterilization processes is studied. This investigation builds a profound basis for a selection of suitable polymers for hard-soft composites in different medical applications.

Courses n Introduction in Medical and Polymer Technology n Basics Medical Engineering: Biocompatible Materials 1 n Biocompatible Materials 2 n Polymers and Polymer Technology n Trends in Medical Engineering I & II n Research laboratories Management Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. habil. Erich Wintermantel, Director Dr. med. Markus Eblenkamp, Assistant Director Susanne Wiedl Dipl.-Ing. Miriam Haerst Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Robeck Adjunct Professors Dr.-Ing. Marcus Heindl Dr.-Ing. Christian Wende, LL.M. Administrative Staff Susanne Wiedl

Doctoral Candidates and Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Franz Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Max Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Cécile Boudot Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Brehm Katharina Düregger, M.Sc. Dr. med. Markus Eblenkamp Nancy Emad Elhady, M.Sc. Biom. Eng. Betiana Felice (extern) Johannes Gattinger, M.Sc. Markus Geith, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Miriam Haerst Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Koller Dipl.-Ing. Fabian König Dipl.-Ing. Erhard Krampe Stefan Leonhardt, M.Sc. Ana Lilia Nowak, B.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Pigerl Christin Rapp, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Robeck Peter Röstel, M.Sc.

Dr.-Ing. Markus Schönberger Dipl.-Ing. Catherine Schreiber Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Schuh Ilse Schunn, CTA Dipl.-Ing. Vera Seitz Dipl.-Ing. Valerie Werner Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Zeppenfeld Technical Staff Uli Ebner (Master, supervisor) Georg Lerchl Florian Huber Severin Lindemeier Martin Streifeneder Christian Gastinger Peter Pichler Research Students 14 research & teaching assistants 140 research theses (2014/15), > 10 per doctoral candidate

Publications 2014-15 n Bauer, M.M.: Massenreduzierung kunststoffoptimierter Komponenten eines Gleitkeilgetriebes. Thesis, 2015 n Boudot, C., Recht, S., Eblenkamp, M., Haerst, M., Wintermantel, E.: Protein Adsorption and Adhesion of Blood Platelets on Silicone Rubber under Static and Dynamic Flow Conditions. IFMBE Proceedings (45), 2015, 541-544 n Brehm, A.B.: Technological contributions to endoscopic submucosal dissection. Thesis, 2015 n Eblenkamp, M., Haag, L., Pfeifer, S., Wintermantel, E.: Software-Based System for Automatic 3D Dendritic Spine Evaluation for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease. IFMBE Proceedings 45, 2015, 138-14 n Haerst, M., Seitz, V., Ahrens, M., Boudot, C., Wintermantel, E.: Silicone Fiber Electrospinning for Medical Applications. IFMBE Proceedings (45), 2015, 537-540 n Haerst, M., Wintermantel, E.: Verfahrensentwicklung zur Extrusion von Flüssigsilikon – Mehr Freiheit in der Silikonextrusion. Kunststoffe 2015 (9), 2015, 140-142 n Haerst, M., Wintermantel, E.: Process Development for the Extrusion of Liquid Silicone Rubber – More Freedom for Silicone Extrusion. Kunststoffe international 2015 (11), 2015, 38-40 n Haerst, M., Wolf, R., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Engelsing, K., Heidemeyer, P., Bastian, M.: Ageing processes in laser sintered and injection moulded PA12 following hygienic reprocessing. Rapid Prototyping Journal 21 (3), 2015, 279-286 n Koller, S., Beck, S., Fleischer, J., Wintermantel, E., Feussner, H., Schneider, A.: A modular platform for single-use manipulators with tendon wire and hydraulic actuation systems for minimally invasive and endoscopic surgery (NOTES), 2015

n König, F.H., Hagl, C., Wintermantel, E., Thierfelder, N.: Challenges and Strategies in Bioreactor Development – An Engineers Point of View. 4th TERMIS World Congress, 2015 n Lenich, A., Nieborowsky, S., Schreiber, U., Seitz, V., Wintermantel E.: Entwicklung eines Oberflächenersatzes für das Capitulum Humeri – Validierung eines Prototypen. 22. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Vereinigung für Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie (DSVE) e. V, 2015 n Loeffelbein, D. J., Ritschl, L. M., Rau, A., Wolff, K. D., Barbarino, M., Pfeifer, S., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E.: Analysis of computer-aided techniques for virtual planning in nasoalveolar moulding. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, n Nieborowsky, S., Schreiber, U. Seitz, V., Wintermantel, E., Lenich, A.: Entwicklung eines Oberflächenersatzes für das Capitulum Humeri – Methode der morphologischen Analyse. 22. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Vereinigung für Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie (DSVE) e. V, 2015 n Rapp, C., Baumgärtel, A., Klose, M., Schmid, S., Knospe, A., Buske, C., Wintermantel, E.: SiOx/ TiO2 composite coatings deposited by open air atmospheric pressure plasma jet for bone implants. AEPSE, 2015 n Rapp, C., Knospe, A., Buske, C., Wintermantel, E.: The antibacterial effect of TiO2 coatings deposited by open air atmospheric pressure plasma jet with a TTIB sol precursor on surgical stainless steel. ECOSS, 2015 n Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Bauer, F., Loeffelbein, D.: Generative Fertigung: Tropfen auf Tropfen. Kunststoffe 105 (4), 2015, 36-41

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n Seitz, V., Hoffstetter, M., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E.: Sterilization Effects on Hard-Soft Combined Polymers for Medical Application. ANTEC 2015 – Proceedings of the Technical Conference & Exhibition, 2015 n Seitz, V., Hoffstetter, M., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E.: Sterilization Effects on Hard-Soft Combined Polymers for Medical Application. 15h Annual International Polymer Colloquium, 2015 n Boudot, C., Freihart, K., Linder, A., Eblenkamp, M., Haerst,M., Wintermantel, E.: Surface Functionalization of Silicone Rubber for Improved Cell Adhesion. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Dierkesmann, K., Krampe, E., Wintermantel, E.: Development of an MR-safe and MR-compatible catheter guidewire using carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Kunststoffprodukte in der Medizin – Endoskope und Katheter, 2014 n Froehlich, M., Strohmayr, M., Seibold, U., Krampe, E., Wintermantel, E.: Towards Realistic Haptic Organ Phantoms for Medical Training. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Gattinger, J., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Rau, A., Wolff, K.D., Loeffelbein, D.J.: Computer aided Modelling of Nasoalveolar Molding Devices for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment. 48th DGBMT Annual Conference, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Haerst, M., Ahrens, M., Seitz, V., Wintermantel, E.: Electrospinning of commercially available silicone rubber. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Haerst, M., Engelsing, K.: Einflüsse von Reinigung, Desinfektion und Sterilisation auf Kunststoffe in Medizinprodukten. Fachtagung Kunststoffprodukte in der Medizin – Endoskope und Katheter, 2014 n Huppmann, T.: Maximierung der Oberflächentoxizität von Polymeren durch Titandioxid. Thesis, 2014 n Huppmann, T., Wintermantel, E.: Fighting Germs with Solar Energy. Kunststoffe International 104 (5), 2014, 60-63 n Huppmann, T., Wintermantel, E.: Geeignete Matrixsysteme für titandioxidbasierte antimikrobielle Kunststoffe. VDI Kunststoffe in der Medizintechnik, 2014, 127-138 n Huppmann, T., Wintermantel, E.: Kampf dem Keim durch Sonnenkraft. Kunststoffe 104 (5), 2014, 104107 n Kießling, D.: Optimierung der lokalen Krafteinleitung in Werkstoffhybride. Thesis, 2014 n Koller, S., Fiolka, A., Schneider, A., Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Feußner, H.: Entwicklung eines Single-Use-Applikators für endoskopische Nieten bei NOTES-Eingriffen. Kunststoffprodukte in der Medizin – Endoskope und Katheter, 2014 n Pfeifer, S.: A Virtual Core Facility for Multi-Center Applications in Medical Engeneering. Thesis, 2014 n Rapp, C., Huppmann, T., Gattinger, J., Eblenkamp, M., Wintermantel, E.: Improving the antibacterial effect of polyamide 12 by functionalization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Schuh, M., Grob, S., Seitz, V., Schonberger, M., Eblenkamp, M.: Comparison of three active humidifiers for re-establishing of saturation in carbon dioxide incubators. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik

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n Schulte, J., Friedrich, A., Hollweck, T., König F., Eblenkamp, M., Beiras-Fernandez A., Fano, C., Hagl C., Akra B.: A Novel Seeding and Conditioning Bioreactor for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Processes 2 (3), 2014, 526-547 n Schönberger, M.: Autosterilität: Grundlagen und experimentelle Betrachtung der Kunststoff-Prozesstechnik. Thesis, 2014 n Schönberger, M., Hierl, F., Haerst, M., Wintermantel, E.: Suitability of Screw Plasticization for Autosterile Injection Molding. Advances in Polymer Technology 33 (2), 2014 n Schönberger, M., Schaller, C., Seitz, V., Haerst, M., Eblenkamp, M., Wintermantel, E.: Suitability of OpenAir Plasma Beams for Medical Device Sterilization. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, Biomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Hoffstetter, M: Autosterile injection molding (AIM): A new manufacturing approach for medical single use products. ANTEC 2014 – Proceedings of the Technical Conference & Exhibition (2), 2014, 1496-1502 n Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Hoffstetter, M.: Autosterile injection molding (AIM) – A new manufacturing approach for medical single use products. TPE Magazine (4), 2014, 246-251 n Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Seitz, V., Hoffstetter, M.: Reinraumfertigung: Autosterile Spritzgießproduktion. Kunststoffe 104 (5), 2014, 88-92 n Schönberger, M., Wintermantel, E., Seitz, V., Hoffstetter, M.: Cleanroom production: Autosterile Injection Molding Production. Kunststoffe International 104 (5), 2014, 50-53 n Seitz, V., Hoffstetter, M., Haerst, M., Krampe, E., Wintermantel, E.: Polymeric Hard-Soft-Combinations by Multi-Component Injection Molding for Small Medical Devices. 48. Annual Conference of the DGBMT, 2014, BBiomedical Engineering – Biomedizinische Technik n Seitz, V., Wintermantel, E., Schönberger, M., Hoffstetter, M.: Muss es immer groß sein? 2K-Verbundhaftung – Betrachtung und Vergleich von Prüfmethoden. Kunststoffe 104 (11), 2014, 72-77 n Seitz, V., Wintermantel, E., Schönberger, M., Hoffstetter, M.: Does Size Matter? Two-Component Adhesion – Investigation and Comparison of Testing Methods. Kunststoffe International 104 (11), 2014, 37-41 n Wiederer, C., Fröhlich, M., Krampe, E., Wintermantel, E., Strohmayr, M.: Towards tactile sensation in laparoscopic surgery. Kunststoffprodukte in der Medizin – Endoskope und Katheter, 2014 n Wolter, L., Eblenkamp, M., Schönberger, M., Haerst, M., Wintermantel, E.: Finite-element-analysis of a six-hole tibia shaft locking plate to optimize the screw hole position. Biomedizinische Technik 59 (1), 2014, 1136-1139 n Ziegelmeier, S., Christou, P., Wöllecke, F., Tuck, C., Goodridge, R., Hague, R., Krampe, E., Wintermantel, E.: An experimental study into the effects of bulk and flow behavior of Laser Sintering polymer powders on resulting part properties. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 215, 2014, 239250

Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Perspectives for production

n In 2015, the focus of the Chair for Machine Tools and Production Engineering was on the machining of materials and the processing thereof into composite materials. With emphasis being placed on light­weight design, new production processes were researched and further optimized using suitable simulation models. With regard to light-weight structures that are optimally adapted to the respective loads, bionic approaches such as the adaptation of natural honeycomb and grid structures have proven to be particularly suitable for achieving the desired goals in the area of additive production processes.

With the objective to use the suitable material in any location, the research is focusing in the area of joining and separating technology on producing joints of different metals or metal to plastics that so far could not be produced. Thermal simulations for joining processes have proven their particular potential, which allow innovative production processes with respect to the production of lithium­ ion cells. For the last 21 years, the Application Center Augsburg has transferred the new production technologies to industrial production, from which mainly small and medium-sized companies in the BavarianSwabian region benefit.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh Contact www.iwb.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15500

Monitoring the process for coating anodes

Machine Tools In the context of the Machine Tools working group, we analyze and optimize cutting production systems. The studies focus on the examination of the dynamic machine behavior, the cutting process and the influencing thermal factors. Thanks to the consideration of aspects of instrumentation and control, the study horizon is expanded beyond purely mechanical structures to complex mechatronic systems. Modern simulation methods, such as the finite elements and multiple-body simulation, are used for these examinations in order to reflect the machine features in detail. By coupling these with developed cutting-force models, interactions between structure and process can be demonstrated. Furthermore, energy-related aspects which interact with the machine properties are in the focus of the investigations. The energy efficiency of machine tools is becoming more and more a competitive factor.

Test of Milling in the context of the new learning factory for optimal cutting

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Projects n TOPOS: development, production and testing of topology-optimized osteosynthesis n FOR 1087 II – TP 3: simulation of damping effects in machine tools n SPP 1480/3: coupling of analytical and numerical models to simulate thermomechanical interactions during the milling of complex workpieces n DynSpann: process-related dynamic cutting to reduce distortion and internal stress during the welding of components

n FOREnergy – TP 1: creation of transparency on the energetic behavior and energy flexibility of factories n FOREnergy – TP 2: increase system flexibility to control the demand for energy and manage energetic load peaks n BaZMod: component-adjusted machine configuration in production through additional cyber-physical modules n DynaMoRe: improve dynamical behavior of galvanometer laser scanners through model-based control n E2D: increase energy efficiency through active damping of machine structures

Manufacturing Processes n Additive manufacturing n Quality assurance and process monitoring n Handling technologies for products varying in shapes n Designing manual and hybrid assembly systems Bionic lightweight structures in the additive manufacturing

The iwb Application Center Augsburg (AzA) is the technology transfer center of the Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management at the Technical University Munich. As part of this activity, the AzA supports particularly the medium-sized industry in Bavaria with the know-how of the university in the area of production engineering in the long term. The following four research fields are offered at the iwb Application Center Augsburg together with the scientists in Garching:

Projects n AMMag – laser beam melting of magnesium alloys n Flexicut – flexible, intelligent processing technologies for complex fiber composite components n FORCiM3A – CFK/metal-composite design in machinery and plant engineering, TP 6: quality and structure testing of hybrid CFK components n IDe3D – intelligent deformation compensation in 3D-printing n AMThermoQS – thermographic layer monitoring during laser beam melting

Joining and Cutting Technology On its way from a semi-finished to a finished product, technical products generally go through several joining and separating steps that are particularly relevant for the high quality and economic success of the production. The group Joining and Cutting Technology deals with this focal point and is working on innovative production processes. The aim 282

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of the research and development activities is the optimization of quality- and productivity-optimized and scientifically sound production processes. To this end, machinery with modern laser beam sources, friction welding equipment and a wide range of measuring and analysis instruments is at the disposal of the group. The competences of the working

range from process analysis, system technology, and technology consulting to simulation. Projects n ExZellTUM: Excellence Center for battery cells at the Technical University Munich n EEBat: decentralized stationary battery storage for the efficient use of renewable energies and to support network stability n Friction stir processing (FSP) to increase the performance of aluminium cast components n FOREL: research and technology center for resource-efficient light-weight structures of electro mobility n ISAR: friction welding of tank structures for carrier rockets n Nexhos: next generation of high-voltage batteries in light-weight construction n Optimization of parameters during flywheel friction welding n RegTemp: temperature control during friction stir welding n ReLaTiS – modeling and simulation of beam reflections during deep penetration laser welding

Research Focus n Machine tools n Joining and separation technology n Additive manufacturing Infrastructure n Cutting machine tools n Laser tools n Friction welding equipment n Industrial robots n Environmental, safety and teaching laboratories n Energetic and geometrical parameters n Material analysis systems n Simulation environments

Experiment in the context of research in the field of laser safety

n SPP 1640 (2nd funding phase): binding mechanisms during friction stir welding of mixed compounds n TR10-T9: laser welding of car body parts in visible seam quality n ZAktiSiLA: design and development of a prototype of a central active safety device for the monitoring of remote high-performance laser beam systems in industrial applications n eProduction – competence in the production of high-energy storage systems for electromobility n PaLaSi – passive laser safety for high-performance lasers in industrial applications

Competence n Weak-point analysis of production systems n Experimental and computer-aided development support n Optimization of development and production processes n Technology screening, analysis and evaluation n Laser-based production technologies n Friction welding n Simulation of production processes n Innovative production technologies n Simulation-assisted optimization of production processes n Quality assurance of production processes n Designing process chains

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Courses n Machine Elements and Manufacturing n Manufacturing Technologies n Metal Cutting Manufacturing Processes n Metal Cutting Machine Tools n Joining Technology n Laser Technology n Quality Management n Structural Behaviour of Machine Tools n Practical Course Additive Manufactur­ ing n Practical Course Mechatronic Development of Machine Tools n Practical Course Metal Cutting Machine Tools n Practical Course Welding Technologies Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zaeh, Director Marion Fritsch, Secretary Adjunct Professors Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Lammel Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Siegfried Petz Visiting Lectures Dr.-Ing. Marco Einhaus Dipl.-Ing. Peter Göttel Administrative Staff Dipl.-Ing. Mareile Dörge Regina Spitzer Sandra Wallentin

Research Scientists Andreas Bachmann, M.Sc. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Bauer Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Belitzki Dr. Stefan Braunreuther Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Distel Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Conrad Fischbach Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Fuchs Andreas Ganser, M.Sc. Jan Habedank, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Veit Hammerstingl Dipl.-Ing. Martin Haubold Manuel Keßler, M.Eng. Robin Kleinwort, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Markus Krutzlinger Corinna Liebl, M.Sc. Stefan Liebl, M.Sc. Florian Lugauer M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Clemens Marder Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Pieczona Dipl.-Ing. Richard Popp Christian Rebelein, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Rinck Patrick Schmitz, M.Sc. Florian Schnös, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Seebach Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Steinhäußer Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Stock Cosima Stocker, M.Eng. Dipl.-Ing. Sahin Sünger Dipl.-Ing. Georgios Theodossiadis Ing. Jan Vlacil Sepp Wimmer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Franz Xaver Wirth Technical Staff Armin Braun Gerhard Brethack Alexander Degenhart Andreas Grünwald Brigitte Hadler Wolfgang Rissling Stefan Seidl Rainer Sollfrank

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Publications 2014-15 n Bayerlein, F.; Zeller, C.; Zaeh, M. F.; Weirather, J.; Wunderer, M.; Seidel, C.: Improving cost effectiveness in additive manufacturing – Increasing dimensional accuracy in laser beam melting by means of a simulationsupported process chain. In: CADFEM GmbH (Hrsg.): ANSYS Conference & 33. CADFEM Users’ Meeting. Bremen, 24.-26.06.2015. Online verfügbar: Online verfügbar 2015, pp. 1-9. n Belitzki, A.; Zäh, M. F; The Accuracy of Calculated Component Distortions Using the Weld Pool Length to Calibrate the Heat Source. In: Laser Institute of America (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 34rd International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2015, pp. 660-665. n Braunreuther, S.; Hammerstingl, V.; Schweier, M.; Theodossiadis, G.; Reinhart, G.; Zaeh, M. F.: Welding joint detection by calibrated mosaicking with laser scanner systems. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (2015) 10, pp. 16-23. n Glasschroeder, J.; Prager, E.; Zaeh, M. F.: Powderbed-based 3D-printing of function integrated parts. Rapid Prototyping Journal 21 (2015) 2, pp. 207-215. n Gude, M.; Meschut, G.; Zäh, M.; Lieberwirth, H.: FOREL Studie. Chancen und Herausforderungen im ressourceneffizienten Leichtbau für die Elektromobilität. Dresden: Institut für Leichtbau und Kunststofftechnik 2015. ISBN: 978-3-00-049681-3. n Kessler, M.; Suenger, S.; Haubold, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: Modeling of upset and torsional moment during inertia friction welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 224, pp. 34-40. n Keßler, M.; Sünger, S.; Wunderling, C.; Zaeh, M. F.: Simulation of Inertia Friction Welding of Tempering Steel AISI 4140, 11th International Seminar ‘Numerical Analysis of Weldability’, Seggau/Österreich, 27.–30.09.2015. n Keßler, M.; Sünger, S.; Haubold, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: Modeling of upset and torsional moment during inertia friction welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 227 (2016), pp. 34-40. n Krauss, H.; Zeugner, T.; Michael Zäh: Thermographic Process Monitoring in Powderbed based Additive Manufacturing. In: Chimenti, D. E. et al. (Hrsg.): Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. AIP Conference Proceedings: AIP submitted for publication (2015), p. N.A. n Liebl, C.; Popp, R.; Zäh, M.: Energieflexibilität von Produktionsanlagen. Energieflexibilitäts-Kennfelder zur Abschätzung der Energieflexibilitäts-Potentiale unterschiedlicher Anlagen. wt Werkstattstechnik online 105 (2015) 3, pp. 136-140. n Liebl, S.; Haubold, M. W.; Zaeh, M. F.: Laser Welding of AW-5182 with AW-6014 using an adapted Intensity Distribution. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of 9th Aluminium Two Thousand World Congress and 5th International Conference on Extrusion and Benchmark. Florence, 12.-16.05.2015. Modena: Interall SRL 2015, pp. 1-11. n Lugauer, F. P.; Fitz, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: Durability testing of innovaitve materials for laser safety barriers. Metal Working World Magazine (2015) 3/2015, pp. 20-21. n Popp, R.; Liebl, C.; Zaeh, M.; Atabay, D.; Wagner, U.; Buderus, J.; Kohl, J.; Franke, J.: Technische Erfassung der Energieflexibilität und deren Umsetzung in der Produktion. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 110 (2015) 9, pp. 505-509.

n Schmidt, P. A.; Schmitz, P.; Zäh, M. F; Laser Beam Welding of Electrical Contacts for the Application in Stationary Energy Storage Devices. In: Laser Institute of America (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 34rd International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2015, pp. 695-701. n Schmutzler, C.; Zeller, C.; Amann, S.; Seidel, C.; Zaeh, M. F.: Simulation des Verzugs infolge des schichtweisen Aufbaus im 3-D-Druck. In: CADFEM GmbH (Hrsg.): ANSYS Conference & 33. CADFEM Users’ Meeting. Bremen, 24.-26.06.2015. Online verfügbar: 2015, pp. 1-13. n Stock, J. W.; Zaeh, M. F.: Influence of remote laser cutting on the fatigue strength of CFRP. In: Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Lasertechnik e.V. (WLT) (Hrsg.): Lasers in Manufacturing 2015, LIM 2015. Munich, June 22-25 2015, Contribution p. 166. n Zäh, Michael (Hrsg.): 19. Augsburger Seminar für additive Fertigung. Prozessketten und digitale Werkzeuge; Augsburg, 16. Juni 2015. Augsburger Seminar für Additive Fertigung. München: Utz 2015. ISBN: 978-3-8316-4460-5 (113). n Zeller, C.; Bayerlein, F.; Wunderer, M.; Weirather, J.: Digitale Fertigung – Ohne Maschinenbelegung zum maßhaltigen Bauteil. In: Zäh, M. (Hrsg.): 19. Augsburger Seminar für additive Fertigung. Prozessketten und digitale Werkzeuge; Augsburg, 16. Juni 2015. München: Utz 2015, pp. 1-28. ISBN: 978-3-8316-4460-5 (113). n Belitzki, A.; Schweier, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: A Method for the Prediction of Process Parameters for Minimal Distortion in Welded Frame Structures Using a FE-simulation. Procedia CIRP 18 (2014), pp. 138143. n Fuchs, A. N.; Wirth, F. X.; Rinck, P.; Zaeh, M. f.: Laser-Generated Macroscopic and Microscopic Surface Structures for the Joining of Aluminum and Thermoplastics using Friction Press Joining. (Hrsg.): Physics Procedia 5X. Laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering 8 (LANE 2014) 2014. n Fuchs, A. N.; Zäh, M. F.: Gasgeführtes Laserstrahlschneiden von CF-Preforms. wt Werkstattstechnik online 104 (2014) 6, pp. 394-399. n Fuchs, A. N.; Zäh, M. F.; Heckert, A.; Roth, A.; Schmidt, P.; Schmitz, P.: Neue Werkstoffe für die Elektromobilität erfordern angepasste Füge- und Trennverfahren. Automobiltechnologie in Bayern (2014), pp. 32-35. n Fuchs, A. N.; Zäh, M. F.; Heckert, A.; Roth, A.; Schmidt, P.; Schmitz, P.: New materials used in electric vehicles require the adaptation of joining and cutting processes. Automotive Technology in Bavaria (2014), pp. 56-59. n Heckert, A.; Zaeh, M. F.: Laser Surface Treatment of Aluminum for Hybrid Joints with Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. In: Laser Institute of America (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 33rd International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, ICALEO 2014. San Diego, CA, 19.-23.10.2014. San Diego, CA: Laser Institute of America (LIA pub) 2014, pp. 512-518. n Heckert, A.; Zaeh, M. F.: Laser Surface Pre-treatment of Aluminium for Hybrid Joints with Glass Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics. Physics Procedia 56 (2014), pp. 1171-1181. n Heckert, A.; Zaeh, M. F.: Laser surface treatment for thermal joining of glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics and aluminum. In: Automotive Circle International (Hrsg.): Joining in Car Body Engineering, Fügen im Karosseriebau 2014. Bad Nauheim, 01.-03.04.2014. Hannover: Vincentz Network GmbH 2014, pp. 155-164.

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n J. Hoerber; J. Glasschroeder; M. Pfeffer; J. Schilp; M. Zaeh; J. Franke: Approaches for Additive Manufacturing of 3D Electronic Applications. Procedia CIRP (2014) 17, pp. 806-811. n Kleinwort, R.; Altintas, Y.; Zaeh, M. F.: Active Damping of Heavy Duty Milling Operations. In: Akkok, M. et al. (Hrsg.): 16th International Conference on Machine Design and Production, UMTIK 2014. Izmir, 30.06.-03.07.2014. Ankara, Turkey: METU-Ankara 2014, pp. 443458. ISBN: 978-9-75-429332-6 (Machining Day 1). n Koch, J.; Maisenbacher, S.; Maurer, M.; Reinhart, G.; Zäh, M. F.: Structural modeling of extended manufacturing systems – an approach to support changeability by reconfiguration planning. In: CIRP (Hrsg.): Procedia CIRP. Variety Management in Manufacturing — Proceedings of the 47th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2014, pp. 142-147. n Krauss, H.: Qualitätssicherung beim Laserstrahlschmelzen durch thermografische Schichtüberwachung. In: Zäh, M. (Hrsg.): 18. Augsburger Seminar für additive Fertigung. Produktdesign und Prozessentwicklung ; Augsburg, 26. Juni 2014. München: Utz 2014, p. N.A. ISBN: 978-3-83164379-0. (Seminarberichte / iwb Anwenderzentrum Augsburg 112). n Krauss, H.; Zeugner, T.; Zaeh, M. F.: Layerwise Monitoring of the Selective Laser Melting Process by Thermography. Physics Procedia 56 (2014), pp. 64-71. n Krauss, H.; Zeugner, T.; Zäh, M. F.: Detecting Process Irregularities in Selective Laser Melting by Thermography. In: Axel Demmer, Fraunhofer IPT, Aachen (Hrsg.): DDMC 2014. March 12th-13th: Fraunhofer Verlag 2014, p. N.A. ISBN: 978-3-83969128-1. n Krutzlinger, M.; Marstatt, R.; Suenger, S.; Zaeh, M. F.; Haider, F.: Characteristics and Joining Mechanisms of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Al-Ti Lap Joints. Advanced Materials Research 966-967, pp. 510-520. n Liebl, S.; Wiedenmann, R.; Ganser, A.; Schmitz, P.; Zaeh, M. F.: Laser Welding of Copper using Multi Mode Fiber Lasers at near infrared Wavelength. Physics Procedia 56 (2014), pp. 591 600. Loehe & Zaeh 2014 n Loehe, J.; Zaeh, M. F.: A New Approach to Build a Heat Flux Model of Milling Processes. Procedia CIRP (2014) 24, pp. 7-12. n Lugauer, F. P.; Braunreuther, S.; Wiedenmann, R.; Zäh, M. F.: Laser Intensity as a Basis for the Design of Passive Laser Safety Barriers – A Dangerous Approach. Physics Procedia 56 (2014), pp. 13841391. n Lugauer, F. P.; Wiedenmann, R.; Braunreuther, S.; Eliasdottir, B.; Zäh, M. F.: Hochleistungslaser in der Industrie fordern die Sicherheitstechnik. MM Maschinenmarkt (2014) 11, pp. 39-40. n Lugauer, F. P.; Wiedenmann, R.; Braunreuther, S.; Zäh, M. F.: Für jede Laseranlage das passende Sicherheitssystem Teil 2. MM Maschinenmarkt 2014 (2014) 16, pp. 37-39. n Popp, R.; Zäh, M. F.: Steuerung des Energiebedarfs von Werkzeugmaschinen. Beeinflussung der Leistungsaufnahme spanender Werkzeugmaschinen ohne Prozessauswirkungen. wt Werkstattstechnik online 104 (2014) 6, pp. 413-417. n Popp, R. S.-H.; Zaeh, M. F.: Determination of the Technical Energy Flexibility of Production Systems. Advanced Materials Research 1018 (2014), pp. 365372. n Roth, A.; Hake, T.; Zaeh, M. F.: An analytical approach of modelling friction stir welding. Procedia CIRP 18 (2014), pp. 197-202.

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n Roth, A.; Simon, F.; Zaeh, M. F.: Modeling the Impact of Gaps in Friction Stir Welding – An Empirical Approach. In: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (Hrsg.): Conference Proceedings, 53rd Annual Conference of Metallurgists. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 28.09. - 02.10.2014 2014. ISBN: 978-1-926872-24-7. n Schmid, D.; Zaeh, M. F.; Seidel, C.; Schilp, J.: Laser Beam Melting of Magnesium Alloys. In: International Magnesium Association (Hrsg.): 2014 World Magnesium Conference Proceedings, 71 Annual World Magnesium Conference. München, 01.-03.06.2014. Wauconda, Ill. 2014, pp. 11-16. n Schmidt, P.; Pauleser, T.; Zaeh, Michael, Friedrich: Optimisation of Weld Seam Configurations Using a Genetic Algorithm. In: Bauer, W. et al. (Hrsg.): 8th International Conference on Digital Enterprise Technology – DET 2014. Stuttgart, 25.-28.03.2014. Stuttgart: IRB Mediendienstleitungen 2014, p. 41. ISBN: 978-3-8396-0697-1. n Schwarz, S.; Sing, A.; Zaeh, M. F.: Identification and evaluation of uncertainties and errors in dynamic models of casted machine tool components. Production Engineering (2014) 8, pp. 175-185. n Seidel, C.; Zaeh, M. F.; Wunderer, M.; Weirather, J.; Krol, T. A.; Ott, M.: Simulation of the Laser Beam Melting Process – Approaches for an Efficient Modelling of the Beam-Material Interaction. In: Bauer, W. et al. (Hrsg.): 8th International Conference on Digital Enterprise Technology – DET 2014. Stuttgart, 25.-28.03.2014. Stuttgart: IRB Mediendienstleitungen 2014, pp. 1-6. ISBN: 978-3-8396-0697-1. n Stock, J. W.; Spaeth, J. P.; Zaeh, M. F.: Remote laser cutting of CFRP: influence of the edge quality on fatigue strength. In: Dorsch, F. (Hrsg.): Proc. SPIE 8963. San Fransisco, California, United States, 02.-06.02.2014 2014, p. 89630T. n Suenger, S.; Kreissle, M.; Kahnert, M.; Zaeh, M. F.: Influence of Process Temperature on Hardness of Friction Stir Welded High Strength Aluminum Alloys for Aerospace Applications. Procedia CIRP 24, pp. 120-124. n Wirth, F. X.; Fuchs, A. N.; Rinck, P.; Zaeh, M. F.: Friction Press Joining of Laser-Texturized Aluminum with Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. Advanced Materials Research (2014) 966-977, pp. 536-545. n Wirth, F. X.; Fuchs, A. N.; Rinck, P.; Zaeh, M. F.: Friction Press Joining of Laser-Texturized Aluminum with Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. In: Groche, P. (Hrsg.): Advanced Materials Research, International Conference on Tribology in Manufacturing Processes & Joining by Plastic Deformation. Darmstadt, June 2014, pp. 536-545. ISBN: 10226680. n Zaeh, M. F.; Loehe, J.: Trends in Machine Tool Design and Use. In: MM Science Journal (Hrsg.): Special Issue | HSM 2014, 11th International Conference on High Speed Machining. Prag, 11.12.09.2014. Prag: MM publishing 2014. n Zaeh, Michael F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014. ISBN: 9783319020532. n Zäh, Michael F.; Conrad W. P. Fischbach; Franz Skorupa: Risikofaktoren bei der Entwicklung von CFK-Komponenten für Werkzeugmaschinen. In: Klaus Palme (Hrsg.): Ingenieurwissenschaften. Jahresmagazin. Lampertheim, pp. 88-92. n Zäh, M. F.; Löhe, J.; Niehues, K.; Popp, R.: Herausforderungen der spanenden Fertigung. In: Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur GmbH (Hrsg.): Forschungsreport für den Maschinenbau in BAyern. Bingen: Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur GmbH 2014, pp. 8-11.

n Zäh, Michael (Hrsg.): 18. Augsburger Seminar für additive Fertigung. Produktdesign und Prozessentwicklung ; Augsburg, 26. Juni 2014. Augsburger Seminar für Additive Fertigung. München: Utz 2014. ISBN: 978-3-8316-4379-0. (Seminarberichte / iwb Anwenderzentrum Augsburg 112). n Zwicker, C.; Reinhart, G.: Human-Robot-Collaboration System for a Universal Packaging Cell for Heavy Electronic Consumer Goods. In: Zaeh, M. F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2013), Munich, Germany, October 6th-9th, 2013. Cham, s.l: Springer International Publishing 2014, pp. 195199. ISBN: 9783319020532. n Krauss, H.; Schilp, J.; Zaeh, M. F.: Reduktion der Oberflächenrauheit und oberflächennaher Fehlstellen bei Hochleistungs-SLM-Bauteilen. Rapid.Tech 2013. Erfurt: 15.05.2013. n Backhaus, J.; Ulrich, M.; Reinhart, G.: Classification, Modelling and Mapping of Skills in Automated Production Systems. In: Zaeh, M. F. (Hrsg.): Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (Carv 2013), Munich, Germany, 6-9 October: Springer Verlag 2013, pp. 85-89. ISBN: 9783319020532.

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Appendix Honorary Degrees (Dr.-Ing. E.h.) Herbert Kraibühler, 2015, in recognition of his remark­ able achievements and ideas in the research and development of innovative plastic processing and additive manufacturing machinery Reimund Neugebauer, 2012, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the research and development of resource-efficient mass production technology and innovative mechatronic manufacturing systems Norbert Reithofer, 2011, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the research, development and realisation of new production technologies and innovative, future-oriented organisational forms for production. Bernhard Fischer, 2009, in recognition of his remark­ able achievements in the research, development and realisation of efficient and environmentally friendly power generation technologies Manfred Wittenstein, 2008, in recognition of his exceptional achievements and ideas in the research and development of innovative propulsion systems and forward-looking company leadership Dieter Spath, 2007, in recognition of his outstanding re­­ search and development achievements in the connection between technical competence, industrial science and management Frank E. Talke, 2005, in recognition of his exceptional research and development achievements in the mechanics and tribology of magenetic memory systems and his international work in the area of engineering education Burkhard Göschel, 2004, in recognition of his exceptional research and development achievements as well as his ideas in the field of mechatronics for the automotive industry. Volker Kronseder, 2003, in recognition of his remarkable achievements and ideas in the research and development of innovative bottling plants and plastics machines as well as for his company leadership Ali Hassan Nayfeh, 1999, in recognition of his exceptional and internationally recognised scientific contributions in the field of non-linear dynamics and their applications in engineering science Bernd Pischetsrieder, 1997, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in company leadership and his innovative ideas in holistic system technology and system integration

288

Appendix

Rudolf Rupprecht, 1995, in appreciation of his exceptional engineering related achievements in the field of company leadership and contributions to maintaining Germany as an economic powerhouse Raymond Viskanta, 1994, in recognition of his remark­ able scientific achievements in the fields of radiation energy transmission as well as heat and materials transportation Wolfgang Bürgel, 1993, in recognition of his excellent achievements in the engineering aspects of material flow and production logistics. Hans Jürgen Matthies, 1991, in recognition of his outstanding scientific, technical and commercial/organisational achievements in agricultural engineering and for special contributions in deepening our understanding of oil hydraulics Gerhard Pahl, 1990, in recognition of his scientific achievements in design and its relationship to machine components and computer-aided technology Rudolf Quack, 1990, in recognition of his outstanding scientific achievements in firing and control technology Eberhard von Kuenheim, 1988, in recognition of his outstanding technical achievements in the area of automotive and production technology and company leadership Hans Dinger, 1987, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the engineering science of combustion engine construction Hans-C. Koch, 1986, in recongition of his exemplary technical and scientific achievements in the entire field of car production technology Helmuth Glaser, 1981, in recognition of his groundbreaking scientific work in thermodynamics, especially refrigeration and process technology and his successful career as an academic educator and publisher of scientific writings Erwin Sick, 1980, in recognition of his contribution to the scientific and constructive development of optical devices with electronic signal processing Ernst Gassner, 1979, in recognition of his great contri­ butions to theoretical and experimental research in operational stability

Lecturers Name

Professorship

Lecture Title

Since

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Alekseev

Institute of Plant and Process Technology

Grundlagen der Kälteerzeugung und Industrielle Tieftemperaturanlagen

SS 12

Univ.-Prof. Purushothamn Vellayani Aravind, Ph. D.

Institute of Energy Systems

Thermodynamics in energy eonversion

WS 10-11

Axel Becker

Institute of Aircraft Design

Luftverkehrsszenarien

SS 12

Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Benthaus

Institute of Energy Systems

Stromnetze und Energiemärkte

SS 15

Dr.-Ing. Johann Blaha

Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials

Werkstoffe für Motoren und Antriebssysteme: Otto- und Dieselmotoren

SS 09

Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Blümlhuber

Institute of Metal Forming and Casting

Gießereitechnik im Fahrzeugbau – Technologische und ökonomische Herausforderungen in Theorie und Praxis

WS 09-10

Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Butter

Institute of Helicopter Technology

Flugregelung von Hubschraubern

WS 10-11

Prof. Dr. Antonino Cardella

Institute of Nuclear Engineering

Kernfusion Reaktortechnik

SS 10

Dr.-Ing. Johann Dambeck

Institute of Flight System Dynamics

Navigation und Datenfusion

WS 08-09

Dr.-Ing. Rainer Demuth

Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Aerodynamik von Hochleistungsfahrzeugen

WS 08-09

Dr.-Ing. Marco Einhaus

Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology

Arbeitsschutz und Betriebssicherheit

WS 09-10

Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Eßlinger

Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials

Werkstoffe für Motoren und Antriebssysteme: Luftstrahlantriebe, extreme Anforderungen an besondere Materialien

SS 06

Peter Göttel

Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology

Projektmanagement für Ingenieure

WS 07-08

Dr. rer. nat. Michael Grünewald

Institute of Lightweight Structures

Vibro-Akustik und Lärm

SS 11

Dr.-Ing. Marcus Heindl

Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering

Prüfung und Analyse von Kunststoffbauteilen

SS 11

Dr.-Ing. Matthias Heller

Institute of Flight System Dynamics

Flugdynamische Herausforderungen hochgradigreglergestützter Konfigurationen

SS 09

Dr.-Ing. Jörg Henne

Institute of Flight Propulsion

Technologie und Entwicklung von Triebwerken der nächsten Generation

WS 07-08

Dr.-Ing. Paul Heuler

Institute of Lightweight Structures

Betriebsfestigkeit

WS 98-99

Dr.-Ing. Robert Huber

Institute of Applied Mechanics

Anwendungsorientierte Simulation mechatronischer Systeme

WS 13-14

Dr.-Ing. Carsten Intra

Institute of Metal Forming and Casting

Produktionsmanagement im Nutzfahrzeugsektor

WS 13-14

Dr.-Ing. Oliver Knab

Institute of Flight Propulsion

Raumfahrtantriebe 2

WS 09-10 bzw. SS 10

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb

Institute of Thermodynamics

Kraftfahrzeug-Klimatisierung/Kältetechnik

WS 03-04

Dr.-Ing. Detlef Koschny

Institute of Astronautics

Near-earth objects for engineers and physicists

SS 15

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Maurer

Institute of Ergonomics

Fahrerassistenzsysteme im Kraftfahrzeug

SS 02

Dr.-Ing. Heiko Meyer

Institute of Automation and Information Systems

Prozessleitsysteme in der verarbeitenden Industrie und ihre vertikale Integration

WS 11-12

Dr.-Ing. Oswin Öttinger

Institute of Carbon Composites

Kohlenstoff und Graphit – Hochleistungswerkstoffe für Schlüsselindustrien

WS 10-11

Dr.-Ing. Herbert Pfab

Institute of Automotive Technology

Baumaschinen

SS 00

Dr.-Ing. Burkhard Pinnekamp

Institute of Machine Elements

Hochleistungsgetriebe für Schiffsantriebe, Wind-EnergieAnlagen und industrielle Anwendungen

WS 12-13

Dr.-Ing. Robert Reiter

Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies

Die Digitale Fabrik in der Automobilindustrie und im Flugzeugbau

SS 05

Dr. rer. nat. Marcus Seidl

Institute of Nuclear Engineering

Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen

WS 11-12

Dr.-Ing. Rainer Stetter

Institute of Industrial Management and Assembly Technologies

Mechatronik-Entwicklungsprojekte in der Praxis

SS 07

Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas

Institute of Machine Elements

Kegel- und Hypoidzahnräder für Fahrzeugantriebe

SS 09

Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh

Institute of Automotive Technology

Trends und Entwicklungen in der Fahrzeugtechnik

WS 07-08

Dr.-Ing. Lothar Wech

Institute of Automotive Technology

Verkehrsunfall-Analyse und passive Fahrzeugsicherheit

WS 03-04

Dr.-Ing. Christian Weimer

Institute of Carbon Composites

Liefer- und Wertschöpfungskette Composites

WS 10-11

Dr.-Ing. Christian Wende

Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering

Einführung in das Patent-, Marken- und Musterrecht für Ingenieure

SS 11

Appendix

289

Habilitations 2015 Name

Topic

Mentor

Date

Dr. Xianyu Hu

Numerical modeling of complex flow phenomena

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Adams

February 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Buschmann

Dynamics and Control of Redundant Robots

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich

February 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christian Krempaszky

Werkstoffmechanik von Höchstleistungslegierungen

Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner

February 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Stefan Hickel

Turbulence and Complex Fluids

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Adams

October 21, 2015

Doctorates 2015

290

Name

Topic

Supervisor

Date

Dr.-Ing. Xin Bian

Modeling and simulation of particle dispersions with smoothed dissipative particle dynamics

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marco Ellero, Swansea U, UK

January 16, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Suleiman Al Issa

Experimental investigation and CFD validation of two-phase phenomena related to nuclear safety research during LOCA accidents

Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. January 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Frédéric Bernhard Collonval

Modeling of auto-ignition and N0x formation in turbulent reacting flows

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D.

February 06, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Albert Wiesner

Flexible aggregation-based algebraic multigrid methods for contact and flow problems

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall

February 09, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Michael Hamman De Vaal

Computational modeling, clinical comprehension and improvement of aortic manipulation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall

February 12, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Johannes Sebastian Geiger

Wirkungsgrad und Wärmehaushalt von Zahnradgetrieben bei instationären Betriebszuständen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn i.R.

February 12, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Martin Michael Kienle

Kooperative Interaktionskonzepte zum Fahren eines teilautomatisierten Fahrzeugs

Prof. Dr. Heiner Bubb i.R.

February 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Wieland Biedermann

A minimal set of network metrics for analysing mechatronic product concepts

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

February 27, 2015 February 27, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Markus Albert Graßl

Bewertung der Energieflexibilität in der Produktion

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Schütz

Automatische Generierung von Softwareagenten für die industrielle Automatisierungstechnik der Steuerungsebene des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus auf Basis der Systems Modeling Language

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser February 27, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Dominik Martin Stengel

Optische Arbeitsraumüberwachung zur sicheren und effizienten Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser March 03, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Lantschner

Spielzeit automatischer Lagersysteme mit mehreren Übergabepunkten

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

March 04, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Florian Viktor Josef Hairer

Bainitbildung in niedriglegierten Stahlfeinblechen mit erhöhtem Borgehalt

Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner

March 10, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Philipp Ronald Engelhardt

System für die RFID-gestützte situationsbasierte Produktionssteuerung in der auftragsbezogenen Fertigung und Montage

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

March 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Muyuan Li

A fracture mechanics study of tungsten failure under high heat flux loads

Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner

March 12, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Roel Arthur Johan Müller

Control authority for active damping of combustion instabilities

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D.

March 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Acher

A moments model for the numerical simulation of bubble column flows

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D.

March 16, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Julian Andreas Schneider

Untersuchung und Simulation selbsterregter Rotorschwingungen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling an Kaplan-Turbinen i.R.

March 18, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Maier

Modellierungssystematik zur aufgabenbasierten Beschreibung des thermoelastischen Verhaltens von Werkzeugmaschinen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

March 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Martin Karl Obermeier

Untersuchung modellbasierter Programmieransätze für speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen bezüglich ihrer Gebrauchstauglichkeit sowie ihrer Einflüsse auf die Softwaremodularisierung

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Vogel-Heuser March 26, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christopher Joseph Thoma

Simulationsgestützte Optimierung der Maßhaltigkeit in der Prozesskette Druckguss

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk

Dr.-Ing. Manuel Gaszner

Rotordynamische Charakterisierung von Dichtungssystemen zur Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff March 27, 2015 Anwendung in Kraftwerksdampfturbinen

Appendix

March 26, 2015

Name

Topic

Supervisor

Date

Dr. rer. nat. Matthias Stephan Freiherr von Roman

Entwicklung von neuen selektiven Materialien für die Aufreinigung von Antikörpern

Prof. Dr. Sonja Berensmeier

April 01, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Torsten Metzler

Models and methods for the systematic integration of cognitive functions into product concepts

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

April 02, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Plamen Kirilov Toshev

N0x-Reduzierung in motorischem Abgas durch Ammoniakerzeugung im Teilstromverfahren aus Guanidinium Formiat und Harnstoff

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

April 08, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Jan Daniel Musiol

Remote-Laserstrahl-Abtragschneiden

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

April 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christoph Martin Jörg

Experimental investigation and spectral modeling of turbulent combustion noise from premixed and non-premixed flames

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

April 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Sabine Gabriele Zitzlsberger

Flexibles Werkzeug zur Umformung von Polycarbonatplatten unter besonderer Beachtung der optischen Qualität

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

April 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Sabin-Cristian Ceuca

Computational simulations of direct contact condensation as the Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. April 28, 2015 driving force for water hammer

Dr.-Ing. Katharina Maria Angelika Hausmann

TRIP-assisted thin sheet steel with a bainitic and/or martensitic matrix

Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner

April 30, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Stephan Matz

Nutzerorientierte Fahrzeugkonzeptoptimierung in einer multimodalen Verkehrsumgebung

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

April 30, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Georg Rill

Clinchen von Stahl- und Aluminiumfeinblechen mit rotierenden Werkzeugen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann April 30, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Alexander Schenkl

Wissensorientierte Entwicklung von Produkt-Service-Systemen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

May 04, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Yang Zhang

Efficient procedures for structural optimization with integer and mixed-integer design variables

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier

May 06, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Andre Alexander Merkle

Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren durch Reibungsoptimierung des tribologischen Systems Kolbengruppe

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

May 07, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Andreas Peter Josef Altmann

Matrix dominated effects of defects on the mechanical properties of wind turbine blades

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler

May 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Johannes Anton Christian Mayet

Centrifugal vibration absorbers - theory and application

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

May 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Jörg Thomas Baur

Agricultural manipulators - simulation, design and motion planning

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

May 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Christoph Gmeiner

Automatic fixture design based on formal knowledge representation, design synthesis and verification

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

May 18, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tito Lu Tang Chen

Methods for improving the control of teleoperated vehicles

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

May 18, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Jakob Schoppe Maximilian Lenz

Optimisation of periodic flight trajectories

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gottfried Sachs i.R.

May 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Fillafer

Fließ- und Mikroschädigungsverhalten ferritisch-martensitischer Prof. Dr. Ewald Werner Dualphasenstähle

June 11, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christoph Sieben

Entwicklung eines Prognosemodells zur prozessbegleitenden Beurteilung der Montagequalität von Kolbendichtungen

June 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Mingming Wang

Constrained model predictive control for real-time tele-operation Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter motion planning

June 18, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Markus Anton Bauer

Entstehung von Formaldehydemissionen in Magergasmotoren

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

June 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Lorenz Rupprecht Böck

Deflagration-to-detonation transition and detonation propagation in H2-air mixtures with transverse concentration gradients

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

June 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Ursula Anna Rasthofer

Computational multiscale methods for turbulent single and two-phase flows

Dr.-Ing. Volker Gravemeier, MW June 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Johannes Dirndorfer

Integrale Nutzung von Pre-Crash-Sensorik zur Ansteuerung frontaler Rückhaltesysteme im Fahrzeug – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

June 25, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Daniela Kern

Komplexitätsbeherrschung im Stillstandsmanagement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Heißing i.R. June 25, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Sachsenhauser

Einsatz von COSMO-RS zur Berechnung thermodynamischer Größen in der Prozesstechnik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein

June 29, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Yi Shen

System für die Mensch-Roboter-Koexistenz in der Fließmontage Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

June 30, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Max Michael Bauer

Massenreduzierung kunststoffoptimierter Komponenten eines Gleitkeilgetriebes

July 07, 2015

Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. Erich Wintermantel

Appendix

291

292

Name

Topic

Supervisor

Date

Dr.-Ing. Ralf Sebastian Blumenthal

A systems view on non-normal transient growth in thermoacoustics

Prof. Wolfgang Polifke, Ph.D.

July 07, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Volker Kristoff Tritschler

Parameter and numerical model uncertainties of the RichtmyerMeshkov instability

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams July 08, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Frank René Deubzer

A method for product architecture management in early phases of product development

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

July 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Klaus Gerhard Vollmer

Einfluss von Mischungsgradienten auf die Flammenbeschleunigung und die Detonation in Kanälen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

July 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Sudhakar Yogaraj

An embedded interface finite element method for fluid-structure- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall fracture interaction

July 15, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Fiala

Radiation from high pressure hydrogen-oxygen flames and its use in assessing rocket combustion instability

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

July 20, 2015 July 20, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christoph Höglauer

Filmkühlungsmodellierung in Raketenschubkammern

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn

Dr.-Ing. Anne Catherine Stroh

Potenzial zukünftiger Hubschrauber-Triebwerke der 300 kW-Leistungsklasse durch Einsatz optimierter rekuperativer Systeme

apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Rick i.R. July 20, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Josef Mair

Dynamische Belastungen von Lochstempeln beim Scherschneiden

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann July 22, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Gunar Reinicke

Aktive Schwingungsdämpfung in Satellitenbauteilen bei verschiedenen Anregungsspektren – Simulation und experimentelle Verifikation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier

July 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Günter Bonin

Moderne Ordnungsreduktionsverfahren für die Simulation des dynamischen Verhaltens von Werkzeugmaschinen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

July 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Mirko Langhorst

Beherrschung von Schweißverzug und Schweißeigenspannungen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

July 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Emin Genc

Frühwarnsystem für ein adaptives Störungsmanagement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

July 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Markus Schweier

Simulative und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Laserschweißen mit Strahloszillation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

July 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Philipp Alexander Schmidt

Laserstrahlschweißen elektrischer Kontakte von Lithium-IonenBatterien in Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeugen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

July 27, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Erich Josef Wehrle

Design optimization of lightweight space-frame structures considering crashworthiness and parameter uncertainty

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Baier

July 29, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Denise Ahrens

NOx-formation in reacting premixed jets in hot cross flow

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

August 04, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Maximilian Mitwalsky

Strategien zur Steigerung der Variabilität bei der Herstellung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler geflochtenen Hohlbauteilen

August 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Andreas Benedikt Brehm

Technological contributions to endoscopic submucosal dissection

Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. Erich Wintermantel

September 03, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Steffen Joachim Schmidt

A low Mach number consistent compressible approach for simulation of cavitating flows

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolaus A. Adams September 10, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Dominik David Simon

Automatisierte flexible Werkzeugsysteme zum Umformen und Spannen von Kunststoffscheiben und -schalen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

Dr.-Ing. Hyun Woo So

Scherschneiden von Mangan-Bor-Stählen unter Temperatureinfluss

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann September 21, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Andrea Bianco

Experimental investigation on the causes for pellet fragmentation under LOCA conditions

Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. September 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Michael Jürgen Weiner

Metabolische Kontrollanalyse der mikrobiellen L-PhenylalaninHerstellung im Zulaufverfahren

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz September 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christian Thiemann

Methode zur Konfiguration automatisierter thermografischer Prüfsysteme

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

September 25, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Stefan Andreas Schwarz

Prognosefähigkeit dynamischer Simulationen von Werkzeugmaschinenstrukturen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

September 29, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tjark von Reden

Erweiterung der Systemgrenzen der Flechttechnik durch elektronisch gesteuerte Klöppel

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler

September 29, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Christoph Matthias Wieland

Simulation der Feinstaubentstehung bei der Kohlenstaubverbrennung

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff October 06, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Kilian Bartimäus Wolfgang Grundl

Validation of a pushbelt variator model – insights into a nonsmooth multibody system

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

October 08, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Florian Daniel Geiger

System zur wissensbasierten Maschinenbelegungsplanung auf Basis produktspezifischer Auftragsdaten

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

October 09, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Matthias Markus Reihle

Entstehung und Ausprägung von Eigenspannungen in Verbundgussteilen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann October 09, 2015 i.R.

Appendix

September 21, 2015

Name

Topic

Supervisor

Date

Dr.-Ing. Harald Helmut Schwickal

Regeneration anorganisch gebundener Kernaltsande auf Basis einer erweiterten chemischen Formstoffprüfung

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann October 09, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Jian Wang

Novel control approaches to quadrotors inspired by dynamic inversion and backstepping

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Florian Holzapfel

October 09, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Markus Roßner

Modellbasiertes Monitoring von Rotoren mit mehreren gleichzeitigen Fehlern

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

October 12, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Julian Montana Pfaff

Entwicklung eines modularen Manipulators für den Garten- und Weinbau

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

October 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Richard Hierlinger

Evaluation der lateralen Pre-Crash Insassenverschiebung im Seitenaufprall von leichten Elektrofahrzeugen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

October 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Zhi Till

Markt- und kundenorientierte Entwicklung von elektrifizierten Fahrzeugen für den Markt China

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

October 15, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Martin Wolfgang Alois Egid Härtl

Emissionsreduktion bei Dieselmotoren durch den Einsatz sauerstoffhaltiger Kraftstoffe

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

October 19, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Peter Schnellbach

Methodik zur Reduzierung von Energieverschwendung unter Berücksichtigung von Zielgrößen ganzheitlicher Produktionssysteme

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

October 19, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Gabriel Horst Ottmar Fischer

Einflussfaktoren auf die Exposition von Flurförderzeugfahrern gegenüber Ganzkörper-Vibrationen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

October 20, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Vera Seitz

Kleinflächige, polymere Hart-Weich-Verbindungen

Prof. Dr. med. Dr.-Ing. Erich Wintermantel

October 20, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Regina Deschermeier

Methodik zur Suche und Weiterentwicklung physikalischer Waschmittel

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein

October 21, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Yang Wang

Optimization for building control systems of a school building in passive house standard

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff October 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Klaus Hubert Franz Gschwendtner

Sachschadenanalyse zur Potenzialermittlung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen – von der Unfalltypen-Erweiterung zum Kundenwert

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

October 27, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Manuel Lorenz

Reduction of heating loads and interior window fogging in vehicles

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

October 29, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Matthias Martin Georg Geuß

A black-box method for parametric model order reduction based Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Lohmann on matrix interpolation with application to simulation and control

November 02, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Gerald Albert Horst

Monolithischer Manipulator für die Minimal-invasive Chirurgie

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Ulbrich i.R.

November 04, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Markus Hubert Pröpster

Methodik zur kurzfristigen Austaktung variantenreicher Montagelinien am Beispiel des Nutzfahrzeugbaus

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

November 10, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Konrad Makowka

Numerically efficient hybrid RANS/LES of supersonic combustion

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

November 10, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Werner Sigmund

Untersuchung und Simulation des Verschleißverhaltens von Schneckengetrieben mit unvollständigem Tragbild

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl

November 13, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Usama Merry Salih Al-Janaby

Numerical simulation, design and optimization of a radial-inflow turbine for energy recovery usage of automobiles

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling i.R.

November 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Susanne Miriam Rinneberg

Assistenzfunktionen für Erdbaumaschinen mittels Identifikationstechnologie

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

November 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Nick Walter

Development of an in-situ radiological classification technique for material from CERN´s accelerator facilities

Prof. Rafael Macian-Juan, Ph.D. November 18, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Gnatzig

Trajektorienbasierte Teleoperation von Straßenfahrzeugen auf Basis eines Shared-Control-Ansatzes

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

November 19, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Florian Vogel

Aerodynamische Analysen an Helikopter Zellen-Ausleger Konfigurationen

apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian W. M. Breitsamter

November 23, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Joseph Georg Kiermeir

Numerische Simulation einphasiger sowie kavitierender Strömungen in oszillierenden Verdrängerpumpen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Schilling i.R.

November 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Uli Mayenberger

Aerodynamische Gestaltung von strukturierten Einlaufbelägen für Axialverdichterrotoren

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Oskar J. Haidn

November 24, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Stefan Maurer

Frühaufklärung kritischer Situationen in Versorgungsprozessen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

November 30, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Michael Georg Bernath

Ganzheitliche Modellerstellung zur Wirkungsgraderhöhung von Nutzfahrzeugen durch thermische Rekuperation

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

December 01, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Ralf Purschke

Synthetic gear wheels for space mechanisms

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter

December 01, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Frederic Emanuel Chucholowski

Eine vorausschauende Anzeige zur Teleoperation von Straßenfahrzeugen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

December 03, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Federico Botteghi

Experimental investigation of high-pressure, high-temperature solid fuel gasification

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Spliethoff December 07, 2015

Appendix

293

294

Name

Topic

Supervisor

Date

Dr.-Ing. Jan Schmidt

Konzept für den wirtschaftlichen Einsatz modularer, wandelbarer Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Materialflusstechnik am Beispiel Airline Catering Günthner

Dr. rer. nat. Ilka Sührer

One-step expression and enzyme immobilisation in cellular envelopes of Escherichia coli

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz December 09, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Susanne Sabine Tinkl

Towards a predictive computational growth model for aneurysms

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang A. Wall

Dr. rer. nat. Christina Alexandra Kantzow

Prozessintensivierung der Gasfermentation mit Acetobacterium woodii in Rührkesselreaktoren

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weuster-Botz December 10, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Klemens Konrad Niehues

Identifikation linearer Dämpfungsmodelle für Werkzeugmaschinenstrukturen

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Zäh

December 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Andreas Tobias Kossmann

Prozessuntersuchungen zum Einfluss von Strippkomponenten Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Klein in Absorptions-Desorptions-Prozessen zur Abtrennung von CO2 aus Kraftwerksrauchgasen

December 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Josef Ritzer

Methoden zur Messung der Bewegungszustände von Fahrzeugen mit mobilen Endgeräten

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Lienkamp

December 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Kirsten Elisabeth Reisen

Bewertung der Ressourceneffizienz RFID-gesteuerter Wertschöpfungsnetze

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunther Reinhart

December 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Roland Johannes Fischer

Modularisierung als Planungsansatz für RFID-Anwendungen in der Intralogistik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

December 14, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Attila Lehel Török

Computation of the thermoacoustic driving capability of rocket engine flames with detailed chemistry

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Sattelmayer

December 15, 2015

December 08, 2015

December 09, 2015

Dr.-Ing. David Paul Hirndorf

Zur Leistungsberechnung von Mikrofluggasturbinen

apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Rick i.R. December 15, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Joung Sik Suh

Improvement in cold formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram Volk

December 15, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Josef Knössl

Gestaltung schlanker Prozessschnittstellen in automobilen Logistikketten

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Willibald A. Günthner

December 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Martin Wimmer

Horizontales Stranggießen von Aluminium-Verbundbändern

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann December 17, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Fatos Elezi

Supporting the design of management control systems in engineering companies from management cybernetics perspective

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann

December 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hellwig

Simulation der Kolbengruppe und deren Interaktion mit der Zylinderlaufbahn

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister

December 17, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Zongru Yang

Inkrementelles Stauchen von Feinblechen zur automatisierten Fertigung der dreidimensionalen Bauteile

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Hoffmann December 17, 2015 i.R.

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Albin Müller

Ermittlung vestibulärer Wahrnehmungsschwellen zur zielgerichteten Gestaltung der Fahrzeug-Längsdynamik

Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler

December 17, 2015

Dr. rer. nat. Fabienna Arends

Selective permeability properties of a basal lamina model system

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Lieleg

December 21, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Philipp Michael Hörmann

Thermoset automated fibre placement – on steering effects and their prediction

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler

December 21, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Uwe Herbst

Gestaltung eines ergonomischen Interaktionskonzeptes für flexibel einsetzbare und transportable Roboterzellen

Prof. Dr. phil. Klaus Bengler

December 22, 2015

Dr.-Ing. Roland Franz Xaver Lichtinger

Thermo-mechanical coupled simulation of the thermoset automated fibre placement process

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler

December 22, 2015

Appendix

Events Date

Promoter

Event

June 13, 2015

Bayer. Staatsministerium für Bildung und Kultus

Jubiläumsfeier ‘10 Jahre Max Weber–Programm Bayern’

July 16, 2015

Institute of Applied Mechanics

Sommerkolloquium angewandte Mechanik

July 17, 2015

Institute of Ergonomics (Prof. Bengler)

Forschungstag-Ergonomie (Vorstellung eines Quadrad-Prototyps)

September 7-8, 2015

DECHEMA e.V.

DECHEMA

September 28-30, 2015

Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology (Prof. Lüth)

11. Kolloquium Getriebetechnik

Appendix

295

Technische Universität München Department of Mechanical Engineering Boltzmannstraße 15 85748 Garching near Munich Germany www.mw.tum.de

You can reach the Garching Research Centre (Garching-Forschungszentrum) using the U6 undergroung line (get off at ‘Garching-Forschungszentrum’), the bus lines 230 and 690 as well as via the A9 motorway (take the ‘Garching Nord’ exit) and the B11 federal highway. 296

Appendix

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Appendix

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