SYLLABUS AREA
: ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
COURSE
: ARCHITECTURAL PROCESSES (This is an upper division course.)
PRE-REQUISITE
: URBANISM
CREDITS
: 3
PERIOD
: 2012–01
INSTRUCTOR
: Solángel Fernández
EMAIL:
[email protected]
COORDINATOR
: Guillermo Fernández
EMAIL:
[email protected]
HRS. THEORY: 3
I. SUMMARY This course introduces students to the evolution of architecture and urbanism over time. This evolution is understood as a process affected by complex factors such as society, economy, technology, politics and the environment. The course is divided into three main sections, following a brief Introduction: Origins and Development, Modernization and Growth and Globalization and Future. These three sections are followed by reflection on the Peruvian built environment within the context of a global outlook, and the role of architects and city planners in creating friendly and sustainable places. The objective of the course is for students to develop knowledge on the history of architecture and urbanism, to understand the challenges of each historical period and to build a theoretical background that will act as a fundamental basis for undertaking architectural design. In addition, students will have an opportunity to practice the English language, further developing their writing, speaking, reading and listening skills by participating in class and interacting with others in workshops and class discussions. II. COMPETENCES At the end of the course, students will have the following competences: Knowledge Competences: • General understanding of the process of development of architecture and urbanism. • Understanding of how the different events in history respond to factors and challenges of the specific time they pertain to. • Understanding of how the application of various architectural theories and trends has shaped the built environment. • Understanding of the process of development of architecture in the world and Peru’s position within that context. • Critical vision of historical events and ability to debate theoretical and practical challenges that constantly arise in the development of architecture. • Background knowledge necessary for the practice of architecture and commitment to the development of good quality and sustainable places.
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Language Competences: • Ability to work cooperatively in a group. • Ability to engage in reflective thinking and writing. • Ability to describe experiences and events, and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. • Improvement in understanding the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions. • Improvement in producing clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects. • Improvement in explaining a viewpoint on a topical issue, stating the advantages and disadvantages of various options. III. METHODOLOGY
• •
The course is composed of 42 hours of classes taught over 14 weeks, with 21 hours of theory and 21 of practice. In general, class sessions will foster interaction between the instructor and students, encouraging debate and participation, as well as group workshops.
•
Theory: Lectures will be given with PowerPoint presentations in which students will be encouraged to take part. Students will be encouraged to reflect critically, participate in the lecture and discuss and organize their ideas within their groups. The instructor will consider the English proficiency level of each student. The level of English spoken in class will be according to the language proficiency of the majority of the students. Therefore, feedback from students is fundamental in order to determine their English proficiency level.
•
Practice: Practice time will be conducted through group interaction in class workshops consisting of the following guided activities: jigsaw / group reading, mental mapping, debating, group discussions and arguments presented to the class. The methodology for group workshops will be the following: - The instructor will introduce a case. - Students will work in teams to develop the topic. - The instructor will guide the development of the case, working with each group. - Students will present their findings to the class. - The class will be encouraged to comment and give feedback on the groups’ proposals.
• Individual work: Each student will work in a sketchbook during the semester, making drawings and appreciations of the different architectural styles found in the city of Lima. Additionally, each student will prepare a critical analysis of a specific topic assigned by the instructor. Then students must be prepared to present conclusions on their work to the class. IV. COURSE CONTENT 1. Introduction
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2. Origins and Development 3. Modernization and Growth 4. Globalization and Future Wk
1
Hrs Contents
3
Introduction to the Theory and History of Architecture
Competences
• Recognizes the stages in the history •
of architecture and the different architectural styles. Has a general understanding of the development of architecture and urbanism.
Learning Activities - Students introduce themselves to the class. - Formation of groups - Workshop: Development of a jigsaw reading task (reading and discussion in groups). - Home: Reading for next class.
• Appreciates the beginning of 2
3
Origins and Development
•
architecture with the Neolithic period and village vernacular architecture. Understands the formation of the Ancient period. Mesopotamia. Egypt. Andes (Caral). India. China. Mesoamerica.
- Workshop: Groups develop a mental map on a poster and present it to the class. - Home: Reading for next class.
• Understands the conception of
3
3
Origins and Development
•
•
architecture in the Ancient period. Mesopotamia. Egypt. Architecture at the service of the government. Recognizes the importance of classical architecture: Greece and Rome. Architecture at the service of the gods. Identifies Vitruvio and his 6 principles of architecture.
- Workshop: Development of a jigsaw reading task. - Home: Sketchbook drawings (Huaca Pucllana, Pachacamac or Puruchuco), reading for next class.
• Identifies the Middle Age. •
4
3
Origins and Development
• •
•
Architectural Processes
Architecture at the service of a single god. Identifies the Modern Age. Baroque, Renaissance. Architecture at the service of aesthetics and religious creation. Understands Humanism and theoretical preoccupation: Andrea Palladio, Serlio, Leon Alberti Batiste. Recognizes the illustration period and French Revolution, the beginning of the contemporary age and Industrial revolution. Architecture at the service of technical progress. Discusses change of thought and the spirit of renovation. Paris de Haussmann, Plan Bristle Barcelona.
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- Workshop: Information gap activity. Students will solve a puzzle in groups, sharing information and using critical thinking skills. - Home: Sketchbook drawings (Architectural styles - Center of Lima) and research work in groups, reading for next class.
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• Identifies Positivism. The background
5
3
Modernization and Growth
•
•
6
3
Modernization and Growth
• • •
of Modernity. Iron Engineering. International exhibitions, Concrete Architecture. The School of Chicago Arts & Crafts. The Secession. The Deutscher Werkbund Theories of urban design. Understands and analyzes the Modern movement. Contemporary architecture at the service of man, society and institutions. The Bauhaus. Gropius. Mies Van der Roe. Identifies and understands Le Corbusier’s work and his 5 principles of architecture. Identifies the CIAM, the Letter of Athens. Understands and compares post-war cities, building in height and Brasilia. Brutalism.
- Workshop: Preparation of a mental map on a poster and presentation to the class. - Home: Research work in groups.
- Workshop: Group presentation of research work on Modern Architecture. - Home: Sketchbook drawings (Appreciating Le Corbusier’s architecture), reading for next class. - Workshop: Completion of a
7
3
8 y9 3
Modernization and Growth
• Recognizes and appreciates the work jigsaw reading assignment.
Modernization and Growth
• Recognizes and identifies Alvar
of Frank Lloyd Wright. The 30’s in North America and Post-War Architecture.
Aalto. Post war. City planning theories.
- Home: Sketchbook drawings (Appreciating Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture), reading for next class. - Workshop: Preparation of a mental map on a poster and presentation to the class. - Home: Reading for next class.
• Discusses the approaches and
10
3
Modernization and Growth
• •
Architectural Processes
contributions to modern and postmodern architecture. Gideon, Zevi, Benevolo, Rossi, Taffuri, Jencks, Essay submission and Morris. individual presentations to the Understands the Post-modern class. movement. Venturi. Rossi. Stirling. - Home: Reading for next class. Stern. Moore. Serious. Bofill. Appreciates and discusses Deconstructivism. Gerhy, Tschumi, Rem Koolhas, Zaha Hadid, Eiseman, Libeskind, Himmelblau.
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• Explores and compares trends in 11
12
13
14
14
3
3
3
3
Globalization and Future
•
today’s world architecture, Piano, Foster, Rogers, Nouvel, Herzog & Meuron Calatrava. Discusses architecture, future and globalization. Built environment and sustainable cities. Built heritage and landscape.
Globalization and Future
• Recognizes the Peruvian Historical
Globalization and Future
• Recognizes and discusses the
Globalization and Future
• Understands and analyzes the last
Globalization and Future
Process. Independence Period. PreHispanic Architecture.
tendency towards western culture in Peruvian architecture. Viceroyalty and Republican.
decade in Peru.
• Recognizes and discusses the strengths of the Peruvian architectural experience vs. globalization.
- Workshop: Discussion using the 3-step interview method. Students work in pairs and respond to a question; at the end, each pair joins another pair and shares theirresults. - Home: Reading for next class. - Workshop: Completion of a jigsaw reading assignment (reading and group discussion). - Home: Reading for next class. - Workshop: Class debate. Students discuss a topic in their groups and then share their findings with the class. - Home: Sketchbook drawings (Architectural styles - Center of Lima). - Workshop: Preparation of a timeline of key events on a poster and presentation to the class. - Home: Sketchbook drawings (Exploring the future of Lima). - Workshop: Summarizing a story using the headline writing method. Students work in pairs, writing a headline for an activity and the class votes on the most effective. - Submission of sketchbook.
V. EVALUATION The evaluation will consider the following criteria: • Knowledge of the subjects covered during the course. • Class participation and the quality and strength of arguments used in class discussions. • Production of a sketchbook. • Appropriate use of the English language.
1. Percentages for calculating the final grade for the course: No.
Type of Evaluation
1 2 3
Continuous Assessment Mid-term Exam Final Exam
Architectural Processes
Percentage Breakdown (%) 40% 30% 30%
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Evaluaciones a Rezagar
NO SI SI
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2. Percentages and timetable corresponding to the continuous assessment grade (40%) Type of Evaluation Workshops and Presentations
No. 1 2 3 4
Percentage Breakdown 25% 25% 25% 25%
Week 2 6 10 14
date
VI. BASIC REFERENCES in English BENEVOLO, Leonardo. 1996. History of Modern Architecture. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. CULLEN, Gordon. 1996. Concise Townscape, Oxford: Architectural Press. FRAMPTOM, Kenneth. 1981. Modern Architecture: A Critical History, London: Thames & Hudson. GIBBERD, Vernon. 1988. Architectural source book, NJ: Wellfleet. GYMPEL, Jan. 1996. Historia de la Arquitectura. Könemann, Barcelona HALL, Peter. 1996. Cities of tomorrow, an intellectual history of urban planning and design in the twentieth century. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Publishers. KOSTOF, Spiro. 1995. History of architecture: settings and rituals, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. ONIANS, John. 2004. Atlas of world art, ed. by. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. RICHOLD, Klaus and GRAF, Bernhard. 1999. Buildings that changed the world, New York: Prestel. RISEBERO, Bill. 1988. Historia dibujada de la arquitectura occidental STEVENSON, Neil. 1997. Architecture, the world’s greatest buildings explored and explained, New York: DK Pub. VII. USEFUL REFERENCES in Spanish BAKER GEOFFREY H. 1998. ANALISIS DE LA FORMA: URBANISMO Y ARQUITECTURA. Ed. Gustavo Gili S.A., Mexico D.F. BONILLA AMADO, Jose. 1983. Perú-Prehispánico. De Kuntur, Lima CLARK, Roger H./PAUSE Michael. 1997. ARQUITECTURA: TEMAS DE COMPOSICIÓN. Ed. Gustavo Gili S.A., Barcelona COMPENDIO HISTORICO DEL PERU.1993. Ed. Milla Batres, Lima Tomo I. Historia Arqueológica del Perú (Del Paleolítico al Imperio Inca), Daniel Morales Ch. DOLLFUS, Olivier. 1981. El reto del espacio andino. IEP ediciones, Lima HISTORIA DEL PERU. 1980. Ed. Mejía Baca, Lima Tomo VIII. Arquitectura y Urbanismo en el antiguo Perú (Williams, Carlos) Architectural Processes
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Tomo IX. La Arquitectura en el Virreinato y la República (García Bryce, José) HISTORIA GENERAL DEL PERU. 1994. Ed. Brasa S.A., Lima Tomo I . Los Orígenes (Kaulicke Peter) Tomo II . Las Culturas Preíncas (Ravines Roger) Tomo III. Los Incas (Silva Santisteban Fernando) JENCKS, Charles. [1977] Ed. 1985. El lenguaje de la arquitectura posmoderna. Ed. Gustavo Gili S.A., Barcelona LUDEÑA, Wiley. 1997. IDEAS Y ARQUITECTURA EN EL PERÚ DEL SIGLO xx, Lima LUMBRERAS, Luis G. 1974. Los orígenes de la civilización en el Perú. Ed. Milla Batres, Lima MACERA, Pablo. 1978 Visión histórica del Perú. Del paleolítico al proceso de 1968. Editorial Milla Batres, Lima. MONTANER JOSEP MARIA. LA MODERNIDAD SUPERADA: ARQUITECTURA, ARTE Y PENSAMIENTO DEL SIGLO XX --------------------------------------. ARQUITECTURA Y CRITICA. Ed. Gustavo Gili PEASE, Franklin. 1995. Breve historia contemporánea del Perú. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México DF PIANO, Renzo. 1988. Arquitecturas Sostenibles (Monográfico Arquitectura). Ed. Gustavo Gili, Barcelona ROGERS, Richard [1997] Ed. 2000. Ciudades para un pequeño planeta. Ed Gustavo Gili, Barcelona ROMERO SOTELO, Miguel Eugenio. 1992. Habitat popular : un camino propio. Colegio de Arquitectos del Perú - Instituto de Urbanismo y Planificación del Perú, Lima -------------------------------------------------. 2006. El Arquitecto Desarrollador. USIL, Lima ROSSI, Aldo. 1971. La arquitectura de la Ciudad. Ed. Gustavo Gili, Barcelona SAN CRISTÓBAL SEBASTIAN, Antonio. 1988. Arquitectura virreinal religiosa de Lima. Ed. Studium, Lima ------------------------------------------------------. 1992. Lima, estudios de la arquitectura virreinal. Epígrafe editores, Lima VELARDE, Hector. 1978. Arquitectura Peruana. Lima -------------------------. 1971. Itinerarios de Lima. Lima
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