Background Paper 6.22 Pneumonia - World Health Organization [PDF]

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Idea Transcript


Priority Medicines for Europe and the World "A Public Health Approach to Innovation"

Update on 2004 Background Paper

Background Paper 6.22 Pneumonia

By Nga Tong, BA, MPH May 2013

Update on 2004 Background Paper, BP 6.22 Pneumonia

Table of Contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1

Background ......................................................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Size and nature of the disease burden ............................................................................................. 8 1.2.1 Europe .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.2 Worldwide .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.

Control Strategy ........................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1

Care-seeking behavior ..................................................................................................................... 16

2.2

Diagnosis ........................................................................................................................................... 17

2.3

Antibiotic treatments ........................................................................................................................ 17

2.4 Vaccination ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.4.1 Hib vaccine .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.2 Pneumococcal vaccines................................................................................................................ 20 3.

Why Does the Disease Burden Persist? ................................................................................................ 21

4.

Lessons From Research Into Pharmaceutical Interventions For Pneumonia ................................ 22 4.1 Antibiotics.......................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Treatment for children ................................................................................................................. 22 4.1.2 Treatment for the elderly............................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Vaccines ............................................................................................................................................. 25 4.2.1 Prevention for children ................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2 Prevention for the elderly ........................................................................................................... 27 4.3

5.

Diagnostics ........................................................................................................................................ 28

Current “Pipeline” of Products That Are to Be Used For Pneumonia ............................................ 29 5.1

Research and development funding .............................................................................................. 31

6.

Opportunities for Research and Challenges ....................................................................................... 33

7.

Pharmaceutical Gaps ............................................................................................................................... 34 7.1

8.

Research priorities ............................................................................................................................ 35

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 36

References........................................................................................................................................................... 37 Annexes ............................................................................................................................................................... 40 Annex 6.22.1: Global mortality for all causes of death and pneumonia among children under five, 1990-2010. ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 Annex 6.22.2: Under five deaths due to pneumonia by regions, 2010. .................................................. 41

6.22-2

Update on 2004 Background Paper, BP 6.22 Pneumonia Annex 6.22.3: Mortality for all ages due to pneumococcal disease by European regions and the world, 2010. .................................................................................................................................................... 42 Annex 6.22.4: Compapretive effectiveness of antibiotics on community acquired pneumonia death in children under 18 years of age................................................................................................................. 43 Annex 6.22.5: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in preventing vaccine-serotypes invasive pneumococcal disease in children

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