Idea Transcript
the entire wiki with video and photo galleries find something interesting to watch in seconds
WikiVisually
TOP LISTS / VIDEOS · VIDEO PICKER · LANGUAGE
Search Wikipedia – Bahasa Indon...
Like 15K
[tutup]
Bahasa Okinawa [show article only]
Prefektur Okinawa
hover over links in text for more info Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas [show wikipedia page here]
Lompat ke: navigasi, cari Artikel ini bukan mengenai bahasa Jepang Okinawa. Bahasa Okinawa atau uchinaguchi dalam Bahasa Okinawa bahasa Okinawa (, ; [utinauti] ) adalah Uchinaaguchi salah satu dari rumpun bahasa Ryukyu yang Pelafalan IPA: [ ut ina ut i] dituturkan orang di tengah dan selatan Pulau Dituturkan di Prefektur Okinawa, Jepang Okinawa, Jepang, serta pulau-pulau di Wilayah sekelilingnya seperti Kepulauan Kerama, Pulau Okinawa Pulau Kumejima, Tonaki, Aguni, 984,285 (date missing) Penutur bahasa Hamahigajima, Henzajima, Miyagijima, dan Japonik Rumpun Ikeijima.
ryu
Linguasfer
45-CAC-ai 45-CAC-aj
1. The Golden Hall and five-storey pagoda of Hōryū-ji, among the oldest wooden buildings in the world, National Treasures, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site 2. Flag 3. Samurai warriors face Mongols, during the Mongol invasions of Japan. The Kamikaze, two storms, are said to have saved Japan from Mongol fleets. 4. Samurai could kill a commoner for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798
Kode bahasa ISO 639-3
Jepang
Sistem penulisan Okinawa, Sistem penulisan bahasa Jepang, Romaji
Sistem penulisan
1. History of Ryūkyū 2. Symbol of Okinawa Prefecture 3. Location of Ryukyu Islands 4. A Ryukyuan embassy in Edo.
Ryukyu Okinawa Bahasa Okinawa
bahasa
Bahasa ini memiliki dua dialek utama: dialek tengah (disebut juga dialek standar atau dialek Shuri-Naha) dan dialek selatan. Dialek Shuri telah dibakukan sejak abad ke-15 semasa Kerajaan Ryukyu berada di bawah pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526). Dialek Shuri waktu itu dipakai sebagai bahasa resmi dan bahasa sastra Kerajaan Ryukyu.[2] Semua lagu-lagu dan puisi yang berasal dari zaman Kerajaan Ryukyu ditulis dalam dialek Shuri.
45-CAC-ak[1]
Pulau Okinawa
Bahasa Kunigami yang dituturkan orang di Okinawa Utara biasanya dianggap sebagai bahasa yang terpisah dari bahasa Okinawa. Bahasa Jepang dialek Okinawa mengacu kepada Uchinā Yamatoguchi () yang berbeda dari bahasa Okinawa.
Daftar isi
Bahasa Okinawa Utara (Kunigami) Bahasa Okinawa Selatan-Tengah (Shuri-
1 Sejarah 2 Fonologi 2.1 Vokal 2.2 Konsonan 2.3 Silabogram 2.4 Perbandingan dengan bahasa Jepang 3 Tata bahasa 4 Partikel 4.1 bikee/biken 4.2 wutooti/wuti 4.3 nkai 4.4 atai 4.5 saani/saai/sshi 4.6 kuru/guru 4.7 kuree/guree 4.7.1 yatin 4.8 madi 5 Referensi 6 Pranala luar
Naha)
1. Okinawa 2. The last King Shō Tai 3. Map of Okinawa Island 4. Cliffs at Manzamo Rumpun bahasa
1. Principal language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see Distribution of languages in the world. Sistem penulisan bahasa Jepang
1. Japanese novel using (text with both kanji and kana), the most general orthography for modern Japanese. Ruby characters (or furigana) are also used for kanji words. The text is in the traditional tategaki ("vertical writing") style; it is read down the columns and from right to left, like traditional Chinese. Published in 1908.
Sejarah Setelah Kerajaan Ryukyu dibubarkan dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa pada tahun 1897, Pemerintah Jepang mewajibkan penggunaan "bahasa Jepang baku" terhadap orangorang Okinawa.[2] Bahasa Jepang dijadikan bahasa pengantar di sekolah dan bahasa Okinawa dilarang dipakai. Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa. Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (hōgen fuda) yang harus digantung di leher.[3] Papan tersebut baru dapat dilepas bila ada murid lain yang menerima hukuman yang sama.[4] Dialek Shuri yang dulunya adalah lingua franca di Pulau Okinawa akhirnya semakin terkikis dan jumlah penutur asli dialek lokal terus berkurang di seluruh wilayah Ryukyu, terutama di pulau utama Okinawa. Meskipun demikian, berbagai dialek Ryukyu lainnya tetap mempertahankan sebagian besar ciri khas fonologi, sintaksis, dan leksikal bahasa Jepang Klasik.[5]
Shuri, Okinawa
1. Shuri Castle 2. A cobblestone road in Shuri-kinjocho 3. Shuri in Taishō period Naha
Fonologi
Vokal Bahasa Okinawa mengenal tiga vokal pendek, /a i u/, dan lima vokal panjang, /a e i o u/ . Perhatikan perbedaan dengan bahasa Jepang, /u/ dalam bahasa Okinawa diucapkan dengan bentuk bibir bulat.
Konsonan
1. From top left: Shuri Castle, Shureimon, Kokusai dōri, Kinjocho Ishidatami-michi, Central Naha 2. "Naha from Bamboo Village" looking toward the seashore. Artist: Wilhelm Heine (lithograph, 1856) 3. Kokusai Dori, International Main Street in Naha, 1950s 4. Naha Festival in October 2008
Dwibibir Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Langit-langit Langit-langit belakang Uvular Glotal
m
Sengau
p b
Letup
t
t d
d/
Sentuhan
()
Frikatif
Abad ke-15
n
s
k
()
(ç)
h
Malaran tak bergeser
j
w
Malaran tak bergeser laringal
j
w
Silabogram (Secara teknis, daftar berikut ini bukan daftar suku kata melainkan daftar mora) 'i
'e
'a
'o
'u
'ya
'yo
'yu
[i]
[e]
[a]
[o]
[u]
[ja]
[jo]
[ju]
i
e
a
o
u
ya
yo
yu
[i] [ji]
[e] [je]
[a]
[o] [u] [ja] [wo] [wu]
[jo]
[ju] [we] [wa] [n] [m] [ŋ] []
hi
he
ha
ho
'wa
1. The Italian Christoper Columbus arrives in America by Gergio Deluci (1493). 2. Portrait of the founder of accounting, Luca Pacioli, by Jacopo de' Barbari (Museo di Capodimonte). 3. Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl, directly influenced the result of the Hundred Years' War. 4. Filippo Brunelleschi, one of the greatest engineers and architects of all time.
'n
[wa] [n] [m] we
wa
fu
hya
hyo hyu
fa
[çi] [çe] [ha] [ho] [u]
[ça]
[ço] [çu]
[a]
gi
ge
ga
go
gu
gya
gwe gwa
[i]
[e]
[a]
[o]
[u]
[ja]
[e]
ki
ke
ka
ko
ku
kya
kwe kwa
[ki] [ke] [ka] [ko] [ku] [kja]
[ke] [ka]
n
[a]
chi che cha cho chu [t i] [t e] [t a] [t o] [t u] ji
je
ja
jo
ju
[d i] [d e] [d a] [d o] [d u] shi she
sa
so
su
[i]
[e]
[sa] [so] [su]
di
de
da
do
du
ri
re
ra
ro
ru
sha
shu
[a]
[u]
[di] [de] [da] [do] [du] [i]
[e]
[a]
[o]
[u]
ti
te
ta
to
tu
[ti]
[te]
[ta]
[to]
[tu]
mi me
ma
mo
mu mya myo
[mi] [me] [ma] [mo] [mu] [mja] [mjo] bi
be
ba
bo
bu
bya
byo byu
[bi] [be] [ba] [bo] [bu] [bja] [bjo] [bju] pi
pe
pa
po
pu
pya
pyu
[pi] [pe] [pa] [po] [pu] [pja]
[pju]
Tabel di atas adalah modifikasi dari sistem alih aksara asli seperti yang dipakai dalam Okinawago jiten (Kamus Bahasa Okinawa, terbit pertama kali tahun 1963) mengikuti alih aksara Hepburn yang sekarang ini lebih populer. Perbedaannya dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini: Okinawago Hepburn jiten
IPA [j]
j
y
[u]
hu
fu
[a]
hwa
fa
Catatan
Dalam bahasa Jepang baku tidak ada alih aksara standar untuk hamzah. Sebagian pengarang memilih untuk menghilangkan tanda hamzah, sementara pengarang lain mungkin menggunakan apostrof (').
[]
[d ~ ]
z
j
[t ]
c
ch
[]
s, sj
sh
Mora //
n Sebagian pengarang mungkin menggunakan vokal rangkap dan bukan tanda makron di atas huruf vokal, misalnya: mii, dan bukan mī atau miE.
[]
E
¯
Geminasi
Q
Konsonan rangkap
Perbandingan dengan bahasa Jepang Bahasa Jepang Bahasa Okinawa
Catatan
/e/
/i/
[ti] bukan [t i]
/o/
/u/
[tu] bukan [tsu], [du] bukan [dzu]
/ai/ /ae/
/e/
/au/ /ao/
/o/
/aja/ /k/
/k/
// kadang-kadang
/ka/
/ka/
/ha/ kadang-kadang
/ki/
/t i/
[t i]
/ku/
/ku/
/hu/, [u] kadang-kadang
/si/
/si/
/hi/, [çi] kadang-kadang
/su/
/si/
[i] ; dulunya dibedakan sebagai [si] dan kadang-kadang /hi/ [çi]
/tu/
/t i/
[t i]; dulunya dibedakan sebagai [tsi]
/da/
/ra/
/de/
/ri/
/do/
/ru/
/ni/
/ni/
/nu/
/nu/
/ha/
/hwa/
/hi/ /he/
[d] dan [] sudah disatukan
Mora // (kadang-kadang) /pa/ kadang-kadang, tetapi jarang
/pi/ ~ /hi/
/mi/
/mi/
/mu/
/mu/
/ri/
/i/
/iri/ tak terpengaruh
/wa/
/wa/
Cenderung diucapkan sebagai /a/
Mora // kadang-kadang
Tata bahasa Bahasa Okinawa mempertahankan sejumlah ciri khas tata bahasa bahasa Jepang Klasik, di antaranya pembedaan antara bentuk konklusif (shūshikei, ) dan bentuk atributif (rentaikei, ), ga () untuk menunjukkan fungsi genitif/kemilikan (hilang dalam dialek Shuri[5]), nu (bahasa Jepang: no) untuk fungsi nominatif. Salah satu asal usul akhiran -un and -uru adalah bentuk kontinuatif yang berakhiran dengan kata uri (bahasa Jepang Klasik: wori, ada); -un berasal dari bentuk konklusif uri; -uru berasal dari bentuk atributif uru, misalnya: kachuru berasal dari kata kachi-uru; kachun berasal dari kata kachi-uri; dan yumun (bahasa Jepang: yomu, membaca) berasal dari kata yumi + uri.
kaku menulis[5] Jepang klasik Shuri Irealis
kaka-
kaka-
Kontinuatif
kaki-
kachi-
Konklusif
kaku
kachun
Atributif
kaku
kachuru
Realis
kake-
kaki-
Imperatif Etimologi yang sama juga berlaku untuk verba kake kaki konklusif -san dan verba atributif -saru) di belakang kata sifat. Kata dasar yang diakhiri dengan -sa berubah menjadi kata benda; asalnya dari akhiran ari (, ada) dalam bahasa Jepang Klasik, misalnya: takasan (bahasa Jepang: takai, tinggi) berasal dari kata taka-sa-ari; achisan (bahasa Jepang: atsui, panasnya musim panas) berasal dari kata atsu-saari; dan yutasaru (nyaman; senang) berasal dari kata yuta-sa-aru.
Partikel bikee/biken Arti: hanya, cuma, semata-mata Untuk kata kerja digunakan partikel uppi Dipakai setelah
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
rōmaji bikeen nu shumuchi
Nomina
Verba (sengaja)
Buku yang hanya bertuliskan huruf Latin.
Ninjibusharu uppi nindin sumabiin.
Kamu dapat tidur selama yang kamu ingini
wutooti/wuti Partikel yang menunjukkan tempat (lokasi) seperti halnya partikel de () dalam bahasa Jepang Dipakai setelah Nomina: tempat
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Kuma wutooti yukwibushan.
Aku mau beristirahat di sini.
nkai Diterjemahkan sebagai kata depan untuk menandai arah atau tujuan: ke atau di Dipakai setelah Nomina: arah/tujuan
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Uchinaa nkai mensooree! !
Selamat datang di Okinawa!
atai Diterjemahkan sebagai: sebanyak itu Dipakai setelah Nomina: untuk nomina digunakan yaka:
Kata sifat*
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Ari yaka nihongo nu jouuji ya aran.
Bahasa Jepang saya tidak sebagus dia.
Hayai hodo ii.
Makin cepat, makin baik
Unu tatimunoo umuyuru atai takakooneeyabiran
Verba
Gedung itu tidak setinggi yang kau bayangkan.
saani/saai/sshi Dipakai untuk menunjukkan cara melaksanakan sesuatu. Serupa dengan de dalam bahasa Jepang. Ketiga partikel ini (saani/saai/sshi) dapat saling dipertukarkan. Dipakai setelah
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
basusshi ichabira.
Nomina
Nomina: tempat
Mari pergi dengan bus.
Uchinaaguchisaani tigami kachan.
Saya menulis surat dalam bahasa Okinawa.
kuru/guru Diterjemahkan sebagai: sekitar, kira-kira. Kuru berfungsi sebagai kata benda dan dapat diikuti dengan nu.
()
Dipakai setelah
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
San-ji guru nkai ichabira.
Nomina
Mari bertemu sekitar jam 3.
kuree/guree Diterjemahkan sebagai: sekitar, kira-kira. Kuree berfungsi sebagai kata benda, dan dapat diikuti oleh (nu)
()
Dipakai setelah
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Juppun kuree kakayun
Nomina
Itu perlu kira-kira 10 menit.
yatin Diterjemahkan sebagai: atau, bahkan, tetapi, namun, juga di" Dipakai setelah
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Uchuu kara yatin manri-noNomina, partikel: bahkan Choojoo nu miiyun.
Nomina: "juga di"
Bahkan dari luar angkasa Anda dapat melihat Tembok Cina.
Nihon yatin inchirii-n guchi binchoosun
Juga di Jepang, kami belajar bahasa Inggris.
Awal frasa untuk menunjukkan: namun, yashiga, wannee an umuran meskipun demikian, walaupun". Dalam hal ini, kata yashiga lebih lazim digunakan
Tapi aku tidak sependapat.
madi Diterjemahkan sebagai: "hingga, sampai" Menunjukkan waktu atau tempat sebagai batasan.
() Dipakai setelah Nomina (khususnya tempat atau waktu)
Contoh kalimat
Bahasa Indonesia
Kunu densha-a, Shu-i madi ichabiin.
Kereta ini pergi hingga sampai Shuri. Aku akan menunggu sampai kamu pulang ke rumah.
Keeru madi machooibiin.
Verba
Referensi 1. ^ Mimizun.com 2005, Comment #658 – 45-CAC-ai comprises most of Central Okinawa, including Shuri (Naha), Ginowan and Nishihara; 45-CAC-aj comprises the southern tip of Okinawa Island, including Itoman, Mabuni and Takamine; 45-CAC-ak encompasses the region west of Okinawa Island, including the Kerama Islands, Kumejima and Aguni. 2. ^ a b Kaplan, Robert B. (2008). Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,. Multilingual Matters. hlmn. 2010–06–14. 3. ^ Nakasone, Ronald Y. (2002). Okinawan diaspora. University of Hawaii Press. hlm. ix Extra |pages= or |at= (bantuan). ISBN 0-8248-2530-6. 4. ^ Gottlieb, Nanette (2005). Language and society in Japan: Contemporary Japanese society. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 25 Extra |pages= or |at= (bantuan). ISBN 05215-3284-1. 5. ^ a b c Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990). The Languages of Japan. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 195. ISBN 0-5213-6918-5.
Pranala luar Sastra Bahasa Okinawa di Wikisource, perpustakaan bebas
Uji coba Wikipedia Bahasa Okinawa di Wikimedia Incubator
Kamus Dialek Shuri-Naha (Inggris) “Wanne Uchinanchu – I am Okinawan.” Japan, the US and Okinawa’s Endangered Languages (Inggris) Video belajar bahasa Okinawa (Jepang) Belajar bahasa Okinawa Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Bahasa_Okinawa&oldid=13343108" Kategori: Bahasa Ryukyu Kategori tersembunyi: Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications Artikel mengandung aksara non-Indonesia Artikel bahasa dengan jumlah penutur yang tidak bertanggal Halaman-halaman yang menggunakan sintaks gambar usang Gambar infobox bahasa yang formatnya salah Artikel bahasa tanpa referensi Artikel bahasa tanpa kode Glottolog Artikel mengandung aksara Jepang
RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS 1. Prefektur Okinawa – Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost prefecture of Japan. It comprises hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 kilometres long, the Ryukyus extend southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan. The Okinawa Prefecture encompasses the two thirds of that chain. Naha, Okinawas capital, is located in the part of Okinawa Island. Although Okinawa comprises just 0. 6% of Japans total land mass, currently about 26,000 of the U. S. troops deployed in Japan are based in the prefecture. The oldest evidence of existence on the Ryukyu islands is from the Stone Age and was discovered in Naha. Some human bone fragments from the Paleolithic era were unearthed, Japanese Jōmon influences are dominant on the Okinawa Islands, although clay vessels on the Sakishima Islands have a commonality with those in Taiwan. The first mention of the word Ryukyu was written in the Book of Sui, Okinawa was the Japanese word identifying the islands, first seen in the biography of Jianzhen, written in 779. Agricultural societies begun in the 8th century slowly developed until the 12th century, since the islands are located at the eastern perimeter of the East China Sea relatively close to Japan, China and South-East Asia, the Ryukyu Kingdom became a prosperous trading nation. Also during this period, many Gusukus, similar to castles, were constructed, the Ryukyu Kingdom entered into the Imperial Chinese tributary system under the Ming dynasty beginning in the 15th century, which established economic relations between the two nations. In 1609, the Shimazu clan, which controlled the region that is now Kagoshima Prefecture, the Satsuma clan earned considerable profits from trade with China during a period in which foreign trade was heavily restricted by the shogunate. Although Satsuma maintained strong influence over the islands, the Ryukyu Kingdom maintained a degree of domestic political freedom for over two hundred years. Four years after the 1868 Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government, through military incursions, officially annexed the kingdom and renamed it Ryukyu han. At the time, the Qing Empire asserted a nominal suzerainty over the islands of the Ryukyu Kingdom, Ryukyu han became Okinawa Prefecture of Japan in 1879, even though all other hans had become prefectures of Japan in 1872. In 1912, Okinawans first obtained the right to vote for representatives to the national Diet which had established in 1890. Near the end of World War II, in 1945, the US Army, a third of the civilian population died, a quarter of the civilian population died during the 1945 Battle of Okinawa alone. The dead, of all nationalities, are commemorated at the Cornerstone of Peace, after the end of World War II in 1945 the Ryukyu independence movement developed, while Okinawa was under United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands administration for 27 years. During this trusteeship rule, the United States established numerous military bases on the Ryukyu islands, during the Korean War, B-29 Superfortresses flew bombing missions over Korea from Kadena Air Base on Okinawa 2. Jepang – Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. can be read as ni and means sun while can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo . Wo/Wa is mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, wa means obedient, gentle, or meek. Japanese dislike the name because it resembles the character , meaning dwarf, the kanji has been replaced with the homophone which means harmony. The Japanese word for Japan is , which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon or hinomoto though very rarely used, the earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, the Old Book of Tang 3. Pulau Okinawa – Okinawa Island is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. The island is approximately 70 miles long and an average 7 miles wide and it is roughly 640 kilometres south of the rest of Japan, roughly the same distance off the coast of China, and 500 km north of Taiwan. Okinawa has been a strategic location for the United States Armed Forces since the end of World War II. The island hosts around 26,000 US military personnel, about half of the complement of the United States Forces Japan. Okinawa contains 96% of the US military stationed in Japan, US bases in Okinawa played critical roles in the Korean War, Vietnam War, War in Afghanistan and Iraq War. The presence of the US military in Okinawa has caused controversy both on the island and elsewhere in Japan. The time when human beings