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English Sessions SYMPOSIA. 3. Psychotherapies. 3. Autism & Asperger's Syndrome. 4. A Psychological Perspective for t

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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS ________________________________________________________________________

14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE A.P.P.A.C. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF The Hellenic National Commission for UNESCO The Municipality of Athens The Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity The Hellenic Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs The Hellenic Ministry of Tourism The Ministry of Hellenic Culture The Municipality of Amaroussion

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: We would like to express our gratitude to our sponsors

ORGANIZING SECRETARIAT: Gnostir Publications

3 Levidou str, 14671 N.Erithrea Tel: +30 210 8000 865 Fax: +30 210 6205 307

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TABLE OF CONTENTS English Sessions SYMPOSIA

3

Psychotherapies

3

Autism & Asperger’s Syndrome

4

A Psychological Perspective for the Economic Crisis

6

Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorders and Borderline Personalities

6

Children’s Mental Health and Parental Influences

8

Women’s Mental Health and Maternity Issues Cognitive & Physical Impairments Depression Stress and Infertility

10 12 13 15

WORKSHOPS

17

SPECIAL SESSIONS

18

Medical Conditions & Neuropsychiatry

18

Ethics and Philosophical Issues Medications and Psychoses

19 19

Multiple Sclerosis

20

Borderline Personality Disorder

21

Addictions

22

Students’ Life Issues

22

Work Stress and Occupational Support

24

Anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Relationships

24

Greek Sessions

27

SYMPOSIA

25

Psychotherapies

27

Preschool Age

28

Mapping the Unknown: Psychological and Sociological Dimensions of the Internet

30

Emergency Room

30

Alzheimer’s Disease

31

ROUND TABLES Day-Care Centre of Koropi

32

Psychiatric Modifications Interdisciplinary Team and Commission for Children and Adolescent’s Mental Health: Clinical Practice from the Hospital of Lesvos Island SPECIAL SESSIONS

33 34

Preschool Age Problems

36

Parents & Grandparents Psychoses

37 38

Ethics

38

Social Gender and Self Esteem

39

Dance Therapy

40

Poster Sessions

32

36

WORKSHOPS

41

GROUP A

42

GROUP G

48

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ENGLISH SESSIONS SYMPOSIA SYMPOSIUM: Psychotherapies COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER

Prof. I. Holdevici¹ and Dr. E. Togoreanu² ¹ Prof., Psychology & Educational Sciences Dept., Bucharest University, ROMANIA ² Surgeon, specialised in Oncology. The present paper describes a model of psyhotherapy for the patients diagnosed with cancer. The model based on clinical hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy, includes the following strategies: basic relaxation abilities, mental trening for the improvement of the immunologic mechanism, direct and indirect sugestions, trance induction to control pain and change of the negative thoughts and beliefs. The psychoterapy for cancer patients must have in view the following: the stage in the development of the disease, other mental and somatic symptoms, chances of survival, type of personality, the patient’s degree of suggestibility, the set of values and attitudes, emotional reactions (depression anxiety, hopelessness), the support of society and family, the patient’s short, medium and long term goals, the patient’s life style, present or past stress factors. The objectives of the psychotherapy are: (1)The diagnosis to be accepted (2) Revive the patient’s hope (3) Therapy for the emotional problems (depression, anxiety) (4)we used relaxation, hypnosis and cognitive-behavior methods (5) Make the patient accept the treatment and increase his abilities to tolerate the side effects (6) Offer the option of an alternative treatment, Reshaping the patient’s life goals (7) Stimulate the immunologic system of the body by mental trening and hypnosis (8) Pain combat, using direct and indirect suggestion,

metaphores, dissotiation, time distortion and self-hypnosis. A clinical case is presented.

BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT FOR LOUD NOISE PHOBIA IN THE MINIMAL RESOURCES: A SUCCESS PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT

Dr. N. Mat Zin¹, A. Razali² and S. Noerdin³ ¹ Psychiatrist and Lecturer, Psychiatry Dept., International Islamic University MALAYSIA ² Audiology Unit, International Islamic University ³ ENT Dept., Kuantan Specialist Hospital, MALAYSIA Background: Loud noise phobia or ligyrophobia is one of the specific phobias occur in children. Like any other phobias, behaviour therapy is one of the effective treatments. Objectives: To illustrate a case of anxious ten years old girl who developed loud noise phobia which was triggered by explosion from firework since she was eight years old. It was severe enough to make her anxious and fearful to any sudden loud noise. It was not only disturbed her but also disrupts family routine as they have to avoid many social activities. The effectiveness and limitation of behaviour therapy and the importance of parental motivation in treatment of childhood phobic disorder will be highlighted in this paper. Methods: Behaviour therapy using systemic desensitization technique was commenced. Limited resources did not stop the treatment process as her parent was educated to act like a ‘co-therapist’. Her parent successfully exposed her gradually to the different level of noise. Her clinical progress was recorded. She was able to eliminate the phobia and felt the joy in her life. Conclusion: In the limited resources, strong motivation and support from the parent is a key success in treating children with phobic disorder.

NEW TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMISE COMMUNICATION IN SHORT TERM PSYCHOTHERAPIES

Prof. I. Holdevici Prof., Psychology & Educational Sciences Dept., Bucharest University, ROMANIA An efficient therapist-client communication is essential since it helps reduce resistances and facilitates both the therapy and the counselling. Some cognitive-behavioural or eclectic methods used in short term therapies are to be found bellow. These methods are based on Milton Erickson's therapeutic approach and the neurolinguistic programming (NLP): Peacing and leading. The therapist will imitate, as in a mirror, the client's non-verbal behaviour: his posture, mimic breathing and talking and speaks to him about his favorite topics. In order to make a good tandem with the client, it is highly recommended that the therapist should make use of the client's system of representations. The concept of the system of representations was elucidated by Bandler and Grinder, the founders of the neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in 1975. The above mentioned authors have noticed that when processing information, people favour unconsciously the use of one of the basic representations: sight, hearing or kinesthetic. There are two ways of finding out which is a person's system of representation: 1) To observe the predicates used by the client 2) Watching the eye-ball movement. Indirect suggestions: The indirect suggestions are addressed to the unconscious psyche, that is to suggest the client something he is not aware of. The benefit of indirect suggestions lies in the fact that they shun the client's opposition. The most important indirect sugestions are metaphores, implicit messages and double binds. Clinical case is presented.

THEATRE PLAYING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Prof. M.Y. Rakhawy Associate Prof., Ph.D., Psychiatry Dept., Cairo University, Kasr Al Aini Hospital, Cairo, EGYPT

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Acting and theatre playing have been used by art therapists and mental health professionals as part of a structured, goal oriented psychotherapeutic process. This experience was applied in Egypt for the second time in a day centre that admits adolescents and adults psychiatric patients. The idea of the play and the different roles were invented by the treating staff to put different roles tailored to every sharing patient aiming at helping in his therapeutic plan. Patients shared in playing, singing, writing the script, inventing the lyrics of the songs, decorating the theatre and choosing the appropriate clothes. Participants were divided into two groups, The music and the play group. The first group consists of 2 music therapists, 2 psychiatrists and 4 patients having the following diagnoses: borderline personality disorder, residual schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and schizoid personality disorder. The second group consisted of 5 psychiatrists, 1 psychologist, 2 staff members, 2 volunteer children and 11 patients having the following diagnoses: 2 ADHD, 2 paranoid schizophrenia, 1 borderline personality disorder, 1 obsessive compulsive disorder, 1 major depressive disorder, 1 adjustment disorder with mixed depression and anxiety, 1 body dysmorphophobic disorder, 1 borderline personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder. The rehearsals and the play were video registered (quotations will be presented in the presentation). Consents were taken from all participants for registration and scientific presentations using the act. Participants were asked to write their own comments immediately and 3 months after the play. Clinical follow-up was done. Positive outcome was obtained to nearly all participants. Further future follow-up is recommended. Conclusion: theatre playing is a concentrated integrative psychotherapeutic approach that - through role playing, group interaction and task accomplishment - indirectly involves intellectual, behavioural, psychological and social domains that can encompass other individually oriented psychotherapeutic modalities.

PARADOXES OF MINDFULNESS

D. Masler¹, Dr. A. Suarez², and Prof. D. Kerr³ ¹ M.L.I.S., School of Applied Psychology, Counseling & Family Therapy, Antioch University., Seattle, USA ² Ph.D., M.S.C.P., Core faculty, School of Applied Psychology, Antioch University ³ Ph.D., Associate Prof., College of Psychology & Behavioral Sciences, Argosy University, Seattle, USA. Currently mindfulness and meditations are among the most used and studied bio-psychotherapeutic approaches in the West. Originally they were ancient spiritual disciplines of enlightenment. In coming to the West, the context and technical transformations suffered by these approaches has been dramatic. This presentation will address some of the paradoxes created by the translation and adaptation of mindfulness to fit into the Western intervention paradigm. The purpose of the presentation is to enable Western providers to avoid some of the common misunderstandings associated with the Western use of mindfulness. This paper will address some of the common English mis-translations of the term ‘mindfulness’ from the Pali and Sanskrit, and elucidate some of the implications of Eastern encouragement of radical acceptance for a pathology-based paradigm. It will look at the differing linguistic context and its influence on the way meditation and mindfulness are used and approached in the West, particularly in its adaptation for Dialectic Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The fundamental understanding of the contextual differences will enable psychotherapists to avoid providing incomplete or misleading instructions to their clients and also avoid unexpected consequences of the long-term use of mindfulness interventions.

SYMPOSIUM: Autism & Asperger’s Syndrome EARLY INTERVENTION IN AUTISM

Prof. M.J. Buceta Cancela¹ and D.G. Nedelcu² ¹ Professor, Evolutionary Psychology Dept., Psychology Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN ² Investigation Scholar, Evolutionary Psychology Dept., Psychology Faculty, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela Should we use an approach of intervention of exclusive form to an early age? Having in account the diversity of manifestations that are observed inside the spectrum of the autism we give a major importance to the process of choosing the right approach of intervention. For this reason, in the Unit of Early Attention of the Faculty of Psychology of Santiago de Compostela we choose from a selection of a variety of skills (Pivotal Response Training, PECS, TEACCH, etc.) depending on the needs of the child. From this perspective we have proposed to analyze the effects of the intervention throughout one year in the case of 6 children diagnosed of Autistic Disorder (5 boys and a girl) with ages between 1 year, 7 months and 3 years. We have used analysis of video recording to know how to target the application of tests like: Gilliam Autism's application Rating Scale (Gilliam, J.M., 1995), Autistic Spectrum Inventory (Riviére, A., 1997), Battelle Developmental Inventory (Newborg and cols. 1984), and Brunete – Lezine Scale (Brunet and Lezine, 1971). We have concluded that though the scientific literature does not support the eclectic methods, which are based on a continued evaluation, these interventions adjust better to the strengths, needs and characteristics of the child, the family and the services.

CHILDREN’S AUTISM AND DUANE SYNDROME – CASE REPORT

Dr. E. Fourlani¹, Dr. Th. Syriopoulou², Dr. Ch. Deseri³, Dr. E. Michael⁴ and Dr. E. Karahanidi⁴ ¹ Pediatrician, General, Maternal and Pediatric Clinic “Mitera”, Athens, GREECE ² Pediatrician, Consultant, Kalamata General Hospital, GREECE ³ Pedopsychiatrist, Center for differential diagnosis and counseling, Thessaloniki, GREECE ⁴ Pediatricians in training, Kalamata General Hospital, GREECE Introduction: Children’s autism constitutes psychosis due to disturbance of cerebral development; it appears by birth and remains in different degree and intensity during life. It often coexists with relative ophthalmologic disorder, as the Duane syndrome (congenital retraction syndrome, a special form of strabismus). Case description: Boy four years old,

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with normal physical growth for his age and sex, avoids eye to eye contact particularly in the beginning of medical evaluation, has strabismus and slight loxia visible at the erect position, shows echolalia, presents verbal and behavioral stereotypes and walks on toes. Recessive Kinetic activity in reference to his age and growth (gross and delicate mobility). Parents described him as a shy, well perceptive child not making any sounds at 14 months of age, did not speak while 18 months, presented deceleration of stages of gross Kinetic growth walked in the age of 2, without an aggravated pre-perinatal background. Ophthalmological examination showed finding compatible with Duane I syndrome, weakness of adduction, rima palpebralis stenosis and eyeball effusion during adduction and coping with caligo which correcting hypermetropia decreased the existing esotropia in the primary position improving the compensatory position of the head as well. Hearing control showed deafness 10%. It was diagnosed with Pervasive Development Disorder. The child followed intensive and continuous educational programs (logotherapy, behavioral therapies) showing improvement in certain sectors. Conclusions: Suspicion of existence of autistic syndromes should be evoked in parents when the child reaches 14 months and does not make sounds, or reaches 18 months and does not speak. The Duane Syndrome although constitutes an individual finding, can coexist with autism and other systematic abnormalities (deafness). The coexistence of occular and systematic disorders - although not often found – imposes the detailed ophthalmological and general examination of young patients.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATTACHMENT IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER

D.G. Nedelcu¹ and Prof. M.J. Buceta Cancela² ¹ Investigation Scholarship, Evolutionary Psychology Dept., University of Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN ² Professor, Evolutionary Psychology Dept., Psychology Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela One of the criteria of diagnosis of the Autistic Disorder is constituted by the difficulties of social relation both with the relatives and with the children of the same age. Nevertheless, along the history, difficulties of relation have been observed between these children and their parents as they passed from speaking about the "The Empty Fortress" (Bruno Bettelheim, 1967) to speaking about a disability of understanding the mind of the others, etc. The study proposes to analyze the type of link in a sample of 6 subjects (5 children and a girl), with ages between 1 year and 11 months and 3 years diagnosed of Autistic Disorder across the recording of the " Strange Situation " used in the standard form of Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters closet and Wall (1978). It is concluded that attachment security is compatible with autism, and can be assessed with Strange Situation type of procedures. The co-morbidity of autism and mental retardation appears to be associated with attachment insecurity.

TEACHING CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT AUTISM LABELS FOR OBJECTS AND COLOURS: LINKS TO THEORY OF MIND PERFORMANCE

I. Manola¹ and Dr. C.G. O’Hanlon² ¹ Ph.D Student, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University ² Lecturer, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK While several studies suggest that linguistic abilities are dependant on Theory of Mind (ToM) skills (Happe, 1993; Origgi and Sperber,2000), some recent literature reports that language can facilitate Theory of Mind skills (Dunn, 1991; Mains, 2002). The aim of the current study was to examine whether knowledge of the names for the objects used in experimental tasks facilitates making inferences about another’s mental state (preference). Furthermore, we investigated whether autistic children’s preference for colourful environments and objects, as known on an anecdotal level, might help perform on ToM-type tasks. Children with and without autism were either taught or not taught 3 low frequency colour labels (beige, teal, mauve) by ostensive definition. A simple game using 3 low frequency colour pencils was used to examine whether knowledge of the names for the colours facilitated inferring the experimenter’s favourite colour. The same procedure was implemented with novel objects. Our results show that knowing the label of the objects of interest within context supports performance on a theory of mind type task (inferring another person’s preference). Furthermore, children with autism seem to benefit from the use of colours, and are especially facilitated in this ToM-type task when provided with a label for a colour. Evidence of colour facilitation can be exploited to boost learning in children with autism.

VERBAL MALTREATMENT IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE.

Dr. Th. Syriopoulou¹, Dr. E. Karahanidi², Dr. E. Michael², P. Gouveris³, Dr. P. Giannakopoulou¹, Dr. E. Fourlani⁴, S. Sereti⁵, A. Vraka6 and Dr. N. Karli⁷ ¹ Pediatricians, Consultants, Kalamata General Hospital, GREECE ² Pediatricians in training, Kalamata G. Hospital ³ Tutor, Mental Health Center, Kalamata G. Hospital ⁴ Pediatrician, G. Maternal & Pediatric Clinic “Mitera”, Athens ⁷ Psychologist, Kalamata G. Hospital 6 Social worker, Kalamata General Hospital ⁷ Director of Pediatric Dept., Kalamata G. Hospital Introduction: Social epidemiology of marginalisation of children with learning difficulties changes rapidly. The UN Treaty of children’s Rights establishes their rights for education and protection (verbal maltreatment, discrimination) and determines the measures that should be taken to promote and guarantee them. Aim: Investigation of frequency of children with learning difficulties that suffered verbal maltreatment and recording its consequences in their life. Methods: In cooperation with parents and health professionals (psychologist, social worker, tutor), we investigated

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(interviews and information from health books) the frequency of verbal maltreatment incidents and its consequences (mental and physical) in their quality of life. Results: We focused in 83 children, 46 boys and 37 girls, 5-12 years old, with deficiency in cognitive sectors. In the behaviour towards the children verbal maltreatment was observed in 63 Children (76%). From the psychism factors that were examined, the following rates of frequency were formed: weakness in elaboration of sentiment (11%), insecurity (8%) disfunctional family relations (33,3%), stress (12,7%), low selfconfidence in relation to school courses (11,1%), unfavourable interpersonal relations (8%). Anger towards the teachers was observed (9,5%) as well as disappointment – regignation (6,3%). As far as the body’s concered abdominal pains were detected in (22,2%), headaches (14,3%), dermal exanthemas (3,2%), digestive problems (17,5%), nausea (11,1%), dyspnoea (3,2%). Conclusions: Increased frequency of verbal maltreatment in children with learning difficulties and wide spectrum of mental and physical symptoms were observed. Verbal maltreatment in these children has negative effect in their healthy growth. Stable and affectionate family environment, coverage of cultural needs (recognition, respect of developing skills), suitable guidance and support, freedom of discrimination and biases, contribuie to their healthy growth, which is critical for every society’s future prosperity.

SYMPOSIUM: A Psychological Perspective for the Economic Crisis HOW NOT TO CRASH WHEN THE MARKETS ARE CRASHING: STRATEGIES TO EFFECTIVELY FACE THE CRISIS.

A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. COPING

Dr. G.G. Thanopoulou – Papakonstantinou¹ and M. Protopapa² ¹ PhD, EdM., MA Harvard University, Counseling Psychologist, ISA Counseling Center Dir., Athens, GREECE ² M.Sc., Counseling Psychologist, ISA, Athens, GREECE This paper presentation will focus on the psychological and social effects of the current international, financial crisis on families, individuals, children and relationships and how, we, as counseling psychologists can support through effective counseling and therapy. We can help individuals and families to face their difficulties and successfully survive the crisis by helping them to re-evaluate their priorities and old ways of thinking and acting, by supporting them to rethink their life values and relationships and to re-establish new moral life values and habits. Only through this way, individuals can face and effectively survive this, and any, crisis and develop ethically, psychologically, personally and interpersonally. We will analyze the crisis from a psychological perspective and refer to the work of important psychologists and intellectuals of our times that have examined crises and people’s reactions and have suggested successful ways to cope. We will present the crisis as a “warning bell”, a “wake up call”, an opportunity for growth and development and a return to “what really matters”. We will emphasize on the psychological and psychosomatic effects of the crisis on adults, children, families and relationships, in general. We will propose some important coping strategies in order to overcome and survive the crisis from a psychological point of view, through effective therapy and counseling. Finally, we will close by emphasising on the importance of connection, communication, collaboration and positive exchange of energy as driving forces for dealing with crisis and bringing effective change.

SYMPOSIUM: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorders and Borderline Personalities FACTORS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH BORDERLINE –NARCISSISTIC PATIENTS.

Dr. E.T. Sokolova Neuropsychology & Pathopsychology Dept., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., RUSSIA For the purpose of prevention premature interruption of psychotherapy, the diagnostic and screening of clients with borderline-narcissistic personality organization have to constitute independent direction of consulting practice. In particular this task may be implemented by elaborating the appeal motivation, through specifying and estimating realistic expectations of inquiry, and an opportunity of establishing “working alliance” serve as a clear measure for such task. Thus purpose of “self-perfection and personality growth” presented by a client often appears as a defensive masking of destructive self-attitude and perfectionism and indicates that the direct assistance request is impossible and therefore subjectively associates with “weakness” admitting and causes “narcissistic wound” experience. Exactly those merits of psychotherapeutic communication, that are associated with positive alterations in therapy, are seriously damaged by these patients, and therefore the reliability of therapeutic relations is impaired, their “curative” capability and effectiveness of psychological assistance are reduced. We mean their inability to establish and maintain relations with therapist, pending a long period of time, overt, confidential and suffused with responsibility, despite frustrations and deprivations that are native for therapeutic process and caused by its organizational and ethical frames as well as by dramatic experiences attending its dynamic. The lack of symbolization restricts capability of using transforming force of imagination and curative force of word for “containing” and “detoxicating” traumatic emotional experience. Insufficient capacity for recognition, rational thinking and reflection constrains the acceptance of figurative sense and conditionality of psychotherapeutic situation. It also provokes impulsive and poorly controlled regressive transfer of archaic infantile (and traumatic) models of self-experience and self-perception in relations with therapist that is seriously threatens preservation of psychic integrity. Extreme attitudes of sticking dependence and hostile selfisolation with primitive defenses (split, denial, projective identification, grandiosity) disrupt stability of psychotherapeutic relations, logical consistence and coherence in elaborating personality conflicts. Superiority value of self-defense over value of self-alteration throws light on one of the reasons of stubborn resistance to positive alterations (“negative therapeutic reaction”) that leads to destruction of psychotherapeutic relations and their premature breaking. Psychotherapeutic and consulting assistance to people with such identity characteristics should take into account personality features of clients, combining vulnerability of self-esteem with the limited access to assistance acceptance due to a defensive depreciation of their own efforts and distrust to other.

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CHALLENGES IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AND BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATION AMONG OBESE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS.

Dr. A.R. Asrenee¹ and Dr. A. Kartini² ¹ Psychiatrist and Lecturer, Psychiatry Dept., University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA ² Psychiatry Dept., International Islamic University, MALAYSIA Background: Obesity has been shown to be prevalent in adult patients with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic induced weight gain occurs in up to 50% of patients who are prescribed with these drugs. In tackling this obesity problem, weight management and behavioural modification is one of the effective treatments. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards weight management and behavioural modification among obese schizophrenia in our centre. The challenges of of this program will be highlighted in this paper. Methods: A module of wellness programme that include education about healthy eating, physical activity, self-esteem, meal planning, activity scheduling, motivation.with combination of aerobic exercise was commenced in a group of obese schizophrenia patient. The changes on knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants towards the behavioural modifications were then assessed. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the weight management programme is not only on weight change, but the change on knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants towards the behavioural modifications is equally important to make this weight management behavioural programme into a meaningful and successful programme.

A COMPARISON OF LIFE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ADULT-ONSET UNIPOLAR DISORDER, ADULT-ONSET BIPOLAR DISORDER AND CONTROLS

Dr. N. Horesh Ph.D, Psychologist, Senior Lecturer, Psychology Dept., Bar- Ilan University, ISRAEL Objective: The present study aimed to explore the association between stressful life events (LE) and the development of affective psychopathology. Method: Thirty patients with unipolar disorder and 30 patients with bipolar disorder were compared to 60 matched healthy controls as regards the rate of stressful LE. Assessment measures included the Beck Depression Inventory, the Adult Life Events Checklist and the Childhood Life Events Questionnaire. Results: The entire sample of affective patients had more LE in general, more negative LE and more loss-related LE in the year preceding their first depressive episode as compared to normal controls. Subjects with unipolar disorder had more positive LE and more achievement LE, whereas subjects with bipolar disorder had more uncontrollable LE in the year preceding the first depressive episode. The relationship between LE and manic episodes was prominent in the year preceding the first manic episode, with bipolar subjects reporting more LE in general and more ambiguous events in that year. Almost no significant differences on LE frequency were observed in the year prior to the last depressive and manic episodes in the unipolar and bipolar patients' groups. A significant relationship was found between childhood LE and the development of affective disorders in adulthood, with unipolar patients exhibiting less positive and achievement LE. Conclusions: The major impact of LE on the onset of affective disorders was found in the year prior to the first depressive or manic episodes, in the unipolar and bipolar groups. This suggests that the accumulation of stressful LE at this crucial period contributes to the precipitation of a pathological response mechanism. Once established, this mechanism would be reactivated in the future by even less numerous and less severe stressors, compatible with the kindling hypothesis.

SYNDROME OF CAMBYSES-VAN GOGH AMONG PATIENTS ALCOHOLISM WHO COMMITTED HEINOUS CRIMINAL ACTIONS.

WITH

SCHIZOPHRENIA

ASSOCIATED

WITH

Prof. O.A. Dvirsky, MD. Psychiatry Dpt., Crimean Medical State University, UKRAINE Purpose: description and evaluation of frequency of Cambyses-Van Gogh among patients with schizophrenia comorbid with alcohol who committed criminal actions. Methods: clinical, catamnestic. Results: since the interpretation of Van Gogh syndrome (H.Abram, 1966) is too wide, we suggest the term syndrome of Cambyses- Van Gogh to describe brutal hetero and/or auto aggressive actions, committed by patients suffering from schizophrenia with latent or manifested epilepsy comorbid with alcoholism. The term uses the name of Cambyses II of Persia notorious for his atrociousness. Traditions (preserved to us by Herodotus and other Greek authors) want this Persian ruler (529-522 B.C.) as a person possessed by madness, who committed a lot of cruel non motivated crimes, murders. According to Herodotus he was “a great madman and drunkard”, suffering from epilepsy as a child. Cambyses tortured with particular brutality Egyptian aristocrats, spanked priests and defiled a mummy of Egyptian king. He ordered execution of his own brother Smerdis after he saw him at his own throne. Cambyses murdered his older sister, with whom he got married first. He also forced his second sister to sexual relationship. When she got pregnant he mocked and taunted her and afterwards murdered. All his behavior shows, that he suffered from schizophrenia. Mental derangement of illustrious artist Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) with widely known hetero- and autoaggressive actions was qualified as schizophrenia as well (K.Jaspers, 1922, H.Gastaut, 1956; K.Leonhard, 1988; M.I.Bujanov, 1989). He also had a latent epilepsy associated with alcoholism (A.Dvirsky, 2004). We examined 74 patients with schizophrenia comorbid with alcoholism, who committed murders, inflicted grave physical injuries sexual crimes (incest) and also autoaggressive actions. At 6 patients (8.1%) these listed actions were particularly heinous and matched the profile of syndrome of Cambyses-Van Gogh. In 5 cases among those in anamnesis very rare though epileptic seizures were revealed and in 1 last case relatives had epilepsy. Conclusion: Thus we describe a new eponymic term, syndrome of Cambyses-Van Gogh among patients with schizophrenia comorbid with alcoholism who committed gravy hetero aggressive and sexual crimes. The above described syndrome seldom revealed among patients with schizophrenia who committed severe criminal actions.

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SYMPOSIUM: Children’s Mental Health and Parental Influences THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED PARENT’S AUTHORITY STYLE ON PREADOLESCENTS SOCIAL PERCEPTION ACT OF THE AFFILIATION GROUP

Dr. R. Urea Lecturer PhD, Special Education Dept, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Bucharest Univ.,ROMANIA In the same manner as the continuum model of impression that is on based the social perception act (Fiske R, .Neuberg. L, ’90) the perceived parent’s authority style can be define as a manner of a continuum evaluated process realised by the children and can be reveal through the following aspects : the perceived level of autonomy allowed by mother and allowed by father, the perceive level of father’s and mother’s authority, the perceived level of imposed father’s and mother’s daily routine, the perceived father’s and mother’s level of children’s control activities. Therefore, we made an investigation that has had the aim to reveal the specific of the influence of perceived parent’s authority style on preadolescent’s act of perception of the affiliation group; We used in our research the following investigation methods: Family test and three quizzes, created for Romanian preadolescent population: The T Quiz, The M Quiz, and Social Perception for Affiliations Group Quiz. The results had revealed some basic criteria of the social perception act of parent’s authority style; The conclusion, which came through from this research, is a specific typology of the influences of parent’s authority style on preadolescent’s social perception act on the affiliation group.

MENTAL HEALTH OF REFUGEE CHILDREN IN WESTERN COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

R. Bronstein and Prof. P. Montgomery Centre for Evidence Based Intervention, University of Oxford, UK. Background: Nearly half of the worlds 9.9m refugees are children, large numbers of which claim asylum in Western countries including Australia, North America, and the European Union. These children have experienced events such as war, destruction of their homes, separation from primary care-givers, loved ones, and social networks. It is reasonable to suggest that they may experience great levels of psychological distress. While there are a numerous studies regarding the mental health of these children, as yet no systematic synthesis of the findings has been conducted. This study is the first such review concerning the mental health epidemiology of children and adolescents claiming asylum in the countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It aims to systematically review the epidemiological evidence concerning the mental health of these children in order to establish an evidence base regarding their psychiatric morbidity. Methods: To generate the widest possible search, a sensitive search was employed in nine major databases covering a spectrum from psychology, psychiatry, and social studies. In addition bibliographies and grey literature were searched and experts were contacted via email. Strict inclusion criteria meant that solely those studies of non-clinical samples concerning refugee children aged up to 24 years, living in OECD countries, and having made a legal claim for asylum were examined. Furthermore, studies had to be of a methodologically high standard and comply with STROBE reporting guidelines. Results: A total of 4807 abstracts were retrieved after removing for duplicates. Of these, 247 full texts were thoroughly examined revealing twenty-two studies which met the inclusion criteria. Young people originated from over 40 countries of origin and the studies were conduced in seven countries of asylum. The definition of psychological distress varied, however there appears to be some consensus regarding the existence of posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive symptoms, and internalising and externalising problems. Reporting was mixed and not all studies reported percentages above the clinical cut-off scores. Of those which did, findings reveal that 19 to 54% of the young people met clinical cut-off levels for posttraumatic stress disorder and 3 to 30% for depression. Results regarding the internalising and externalising were more varied and different levels emotional and behavioural problems were reported throughout. Cumulative risk was strongly identified with greater levels of distress, as were separation from parents, direct violence, uncertain asylum status, and low levels of support. Conclusions: There are high levels of psychological distress in the population of refugee children residing in Western countries. However, a lack of consensus exists regarding definitions and methodological approaches. Few measuring instruments exist which have been developed specifically for this population of young people. Greater investigation is needed in comparing refugee children by contextual groups of refugee status – including structural support mechanisms such as their rights and entitlements, country of origin, country of asylum, and accompanied status. The majority of refugee children do not appear to experience psychological difficulty and urgent research is need to highlight and develop those resiliency factors and coping mechanisms.

THE EFFECT OF EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING ON THE PARENTS WHO HAVE MALTREATMENT IN THE CHILDHOOD AND IT REFLECTION TO THEIR CHILDREN

N.N. Wadaa Ph.D. Student, Clinical Psychology Dept., University of Science, MALAYSIA Parents’ maltreatment to children is one of the social and health problems in many countries throughout the world. It may cause a lot of psychological problems in the child life and even it has a lot of side effects when the child grows up. The present study aims to identify the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing symptoms of maltreatment in childhood. It investigates the Arab students’ children whom age is range between (7-15) years old. It also looks at the relationship between maltreatment in the childhood and the way they treat their own children in the present time. The data are collected through the use of Al-Mukhamieer and Abdul Razaq (2004) questionnaire. A total of 100 university-student informants participated in the study. Their ages are range between (25-40) years old. Moreover, a semi structure interview is designed to meet the children and also they are asked to draw in order to identify whether the children are suffering parents maltreatment at the present time or not. Then 10 participants who suffered from childhood maltreatment are selected to be examined. They are divided into two groups controlled and experimental whom the

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EMDR is applied. After three months the children are met again, it is found that the EMDR has a successful effect on the parents and the way they treat their own children.

A WEBSITE PARENTING PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT RESPONSIVENESS TO INFANTS EMOTIONAL NEEDS

Prof. C. Curtolo Child & Adult Psychotherapist, Adj. Professor, Clinical Psychology, Verona Univ., ITALY Introduction: The Key Focus of this Parenting Programme is to promote information about Infant Mental Health and to engage caregivers in prevention and promotion projects by a free web-access. According to this purpose, the Recognition Project is a guideline that is based on the discovery of the mother’s function in the neuropsychological development so that it aims to improve maternal responsiveness to the infant’s stress signals. Aim: To determine whether this Project offered universally in a website can improve a better awareness of infantile vulnerability in mothers and consequently to increase time and emotional quality in their responsiveness. Method: Mothers who connect to the mental health site are given explanation about the issue and the workings of the Programme then they are asked to provide baseline sociodemographic details. Once this has been submitted they can join the Recognition Project for babies and called “Ten Emotional Thoughts” where the steps are explained. First of all, mothers are asked to complete a questionnaire (baseline parenting style and maternal representation) before they can download the guideline. In the second step, three months later, mothers are asked to fill a self evaluation questionaire of the efficacy of the Ten Emotional Thoughts, particularly about their perception of attuned interactions with the child and their feeling of enjoyment. Results and Conclusions: The study is still in progress. A previous research in a clinical setting has showed the efficacy of the Recognition Project with respect to an increase to a different distribution of maternal interest and sensitivity.

TWINS PROJECT: PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TWINS AND PARENTS

Prof. P. Brustia¹, Dr. L. Rollè², C. Garbarini³, E. Gerino³ and E. Marino³ ¹ Professor of Dynamic Psychology, Psychology Dept., University of Turin, ITALY ² Ph.D, Holder of Research grant, Psychology Dept., University of Turin ³ Ph.D Students in Health Psychology, Psychology Dept., University of Turin We know that twin pregnancy percentage is increasingly because twin motherhood is often the result of assisted reproduction or higher maternal age. Therefore Progetto Gemelli (Twins Project) funded by Regione Piemonte gives information to twins and their families and delivers psychological support to mothers and fathers to prevent to risks of being twin, like the “couple effect” (Zazzo, 1984). Many authors (Agnew, Klein, 2006; Piontelli, 2002) emphasize to the need of a support to twins and their families, right from the start of pregnancy, because it is precociously medicalized and monitored as being risky both for mother and children. To understand what is happening in the minds of twin parents is fundamental (Brustia Rutto, 1996). After a screening about twins (by a questionnaire to all schools of Piedmont), our project involved the activation of informative meetings for parents and for all the people who participate in the family life and it provided educational and informative events for territorial service operators, including nursery, primary and secondary schools. We believe that rightly conducted prevention can remedy a great deal of parental problems, resulting in better quality of couple life and better opportunities of affective and cognitive development for children. Our research work is meant as an indispensable theoretical and methodological foundation to the setting of prevention, information, education and intervention programmes on territory with the collaboration among psychologists and gynaecologists, obstetricians of the Ambulatorio Gravidanze Gemellari at Clinica Universitaria Sant’Anna of Turin.

DELAYED SELF-SUFFICIENT ADULTHOOD AMONG VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT: CASE OF ADULT CHILDREN IN THE RESETTLEMENT COMMUNITY OF CIBOMBO CIMUANGI (EASTERN KASAI PROVINCE, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO)

Prof. N.K.Z. Bukonda¹, Prof. T.G. Disashi², Prof. J.R. Njue³ and Prof. K. Lee⁴ ¹ PhD MPH,Associate Prof., Public Health Sciences Dept, College of Health Professions,Wichita State Univ,USA ² MD, Prof. and Dean, Medical School, University of Mbuji Mayi, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ³ Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Family and Child Studies, School of Family Consumer and Nutrition Science, Northern Illinois University, USA ⁴ Ph.D., Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA. Introduction: Numerous publications exist on peoples forcibly displaced from their initial communities and then resettled in brand new or other pre-existing communities, but very little is known on the extent to which forced displacement affects the normal process of human development and particularly sets up victimized families for failure, in the long run, in their role of prompting their children into self-sufficient adulthood. Aims: We assess the extent to which adult children still cohabit with their parents in a resettlement community for peoples of Kasai origin who were forced out of the Katanga province in the mid-1990s. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of households was conducted in 2005, providing, among other things, data on number, age, and gender of household members. Results: Records from 388 households in which 2589 individuals lived were assembled, representing 13.7% of the population of Cibombo Cimuangi health catchment area (2005) and including 778 parents (32.8%), 997 non-adult children (40.8%) and 628 adult children (26.5%). The average size of each household was 6.7; and the average number of children by household was 4.2. Overall 54.6% of subjects lived in households where adult children were present. The overall average number of adult children in each household was 1.62 (n = 628; S. D. = 2.52). More than half of internally displaced peoples live in highly crowded environment. Households with adult children show a pattern of severe

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crowdedness than households without adult children. Conclusion: A large number of adult children still live with their parents, an indication of their failure to achieve self-sufficient adulthood.

COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENTS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

W.A. Helland¹, Dr. E. Biringer², Prof. T. Helland³ and Prof. M. Heimann⁴ ¹ Ph.D. Candidate, Division of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Helse Fonna, Stord, NORWAY ² Division of Psychiatry, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, NORWAY ³ Associate Professor, Biological and Medical Psychology Dept., University of Bergen, NORWAY ⁴ Ph.D., Professor, Behavioural Science and Learning Dept., Linköping University, SWEDEN Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Bergen, NORWAY Introduction: Communication disorders are often described in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), but language related problems are neither among the cardinal features nor required to fulfil diagnostic criteria of AD/HD. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate communication impairments in a group of children with AD/HD compared to a group of Typically Developing (TD) children. Method: Fifty-eight Norwegian children aged 6-15 years (M=10.3; SD=2.3) participated. The AD/HD group consisted of 29 children (22 boys) and was matched on age and gender with a TD group. The parents of the children completed a Norwegian translation of the Children’s Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2) which consists of 10 subscales. Two composite scores are also derived, the General Communication Composite (GCC) and the Social Interaction Deviance Composite (SIDC). Results: In the AD/HD group communication impairment, as measured by the GCC, was identified in 24 out of 29 children (83 %) compared to only one child in the TD group (3 %). The two groups differed significantly on all subscales of the CCC-2, except the one measuring syntax, as well as on the GCC (MANOVA, p ≤ .001). Conclusions: Children with AD/HD are likely to exhibit communication problems relative to typically developing children. These results add to the growing body of research showing that communication disorders are frequent among children with AD/HD. They underline the importance of routine screening of communication to be performed as part of the assessment procedure in children with AD/HD.

CHILDREN’S MENTAL HEALTH AND THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

Prof. K. Covell and Prof. R.B. Howe Children’s Rights Centre, Cape Breton University, Sydney, CANADA The year 2009 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) by the General Assembly of the United Nations. As the most widely and quickly ratified Convention in world history, the CRC provides a global consensus on what childhood should be. It is a childhood where children are secure in their right to protection from abuse, violence, and exploitation, their right to provision of their basic needs for healthy development, and their right to participation in matters affecting them. The purpose of our presentation is (1) to describe the general relation between the implementation of the rights of the child under the CRC and the mental health of children, and (2) to describe the specific linkage between the education of children in their basic rights and mental health outcomes. We will present the findings from our three-year study of a program of children’s rights education in England that demonstrates the health benefits of educating children about their rights under the CRC. In essence, our data demonstrate that when children’s rights in education are appropriately implemented and when children learn that they are bearers of rights, there are significant improvements in children’s social relationships, self-esteem, hope for the future, school engagement, and academic achievement. The improvements appear particularly strong among children at risk of adolescent delinquencies, early school leaving, drug use and depression. The implications of our findings for the general link between the CRC and positive child development will be discussed.

SYMPOSIUM: Women’s Mental Health and Maternity Issues BABY BLUES: A RESEARCH IN PIEDMONT’S HOSPITALS.

Prof. P. Brustia¹, Dr. L. Rollè², A. Ambrosoli³ ¹ Professor of Dynamic Psychology, Psychology Dept., University of Turin, ITALY ² Ph.D., Holder of Research grant, Psychology Dept., University of Turin ³ Ph.D. Student, Psychology Dept., University of Turin. The aim of this study was to explore the level of baby blues, (which is) a mild and transitory moodiness suffered by up to 11% - 85% (O’Hara et al. 1990) of mother during two weeks after delivery. Data were gathered from 215 mothers 4 days postpartum in a sample of women in Piedmont. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox, Holden, Sagovsky, 1987) was used to screen the depressive postpartum symptomatology. First analysis show that 36,4% of women presented an high score to the EPDS (Benvenuti et al. 1999). Total score at EPDS significantly correlated to others events of depression (r Pearson = 0,208, p

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