Buffer Capacity [PDF]

Thus the buffer is effective as long as it does not run out of one of its components. Page 4. +. ▫ Quantitative measur

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BCH 312 Experiment (7)

Buffer Capacity

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Objectives

n 

To understand the concept of buffer capacity.

n 

To determine the maximum buffer capacity of a number of buffer solutions.

n 

To establish the relationship between buffer capacity and buffer concentration.

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n 

Introduction

Common buffer mixtures contain two substances, a conjugate acid and a conjugate base .

n 

Together the two species (conjugate acid and conjugate base) resist large changes in pH by absorbing the H+ ions or OH- ions added to the system. n 

When H+ ions are added to the system they will react with the conjugate base in the buffer .

n 

When OH- ions are added they will react with the conjugate acid in the buffer

! Thus the buffer is effective as long as it does not run out of one of its components.

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Buffer Capacity

n 

Quantitative measure of this resistance to pH changes is called buffer capacity.

n 

Buffer capacity can be defined as the number of moles of H+/OH- ions that must be added to one liter of the buffer in order to decrease /increase the pH by one unit respectively.

n 

Where [H+] = the hydrogen ion concentration of the buffer ,β is the buffer capacity , [C] is buffer concentration .

n 

From the equation that the buffer capacity is directly proportional to the buffer concentration.

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Method n 

You are provided with 2 acetate buffers, pH=5. Each with different concentrations ; 0.1 M and 0.2 M . n  n 

n 

Transfer 8 ml of each buffer into a 50 ml beaker. Add 0.5 ml of ( 0.1 M) HCl from the burette and determine the pH of the solution after each addition Continue adding acid in until pH falls to about 2 pH units from your starting pH .

n 

Plot a Curve of pH versus ml of HCl added and calculate the Buffer capacity

n 

Then compare between two buffer which one has higher buffer capacity and why?

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