Bushido Value In Kanji Learning - ADRI International Journals [PDF]

apter%20II.pdf?sequence=4. 2011. [6] T. Uningasri, Analisis Peranan Semangat Bushido dalam. Pembangunan Pendidikan Jepan

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L. Husna et al / ADRI International Journal Of Research Language Educational and Lingusitic 1 (2017) 1-4

ADRI International Journal Of Research Language Educational and Linguistic 1 (2017) 1-4

Bushido Value In Kanji Learning ISSN : 2549-5852 (online) ISSN : 2549-5844 (print)

Lailatul Husna1), Dedi Sutedi Author2) Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Received February 2017; accepted April 2017; published online may 2017

Abstract. Bushido that taught by Japan’s samurais has moral values in the life’s aspect and Japanese people always use Bushido values in daily life. Samurai is Japanese’s noble’s servant who has duty for protecting his master and obedient his master’s orders. Bushido was taught by samurai through some certain approachs so that Bushido values can go into Japanese people themself until now. In kanji learning, teachers can transfer Bushido values that samurai had indirectly and students especially Japanese language students are able to copy all positive things from Bushido values upon Indonesia people’s character. Keywords: Bushido, Samurai, Kanji Learning, Character

*

Corresponding Author. Email Address: [email protected]

I. INTRODUCTION Education is one of human’s tools to get knowledge. Ary Ginanjar Agustian said that bookish people without character resembling samurai without Bushido (Rafiek, 2011, p. 1). Those statement has proven an importance of character which bookish people must be has. Bushido is path “knight” that is ethics system or gallance’s moral rule that apply in samurais especially Japanese feudal era (12-19 century) (Nelvita, 2011, p. 18). So, Bushido is a value or precept that samurai has containing Japanese knights’ ethics and moral. Bushido gave

positive effect indicate 8 values in it, those are 義(gi)-integrity, 勇 (yū)-braveness, 仁 (jin)-greatfulness, 礼 (rei)-respect, 信 (makoto)-honesty and sincerity, 名誉(meiyo)-reputation, 忠義 (chūgi)-loyalty,

dan

悌 (rei)-respecting

to

elders

and

appreciating tradition (Nelvita, 2011, p. 19). Samurais must know and capable to do Bushido value in their daily life so they can transfer to other people. Through that approach, Bushido values spread to all Japan.

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L. Husna et al / ADRI International Journal Of Research Language Educational and Lingusitic 1 (2017) 1-4

Bushido’s term and samurai are not strange words for ethics with the centre on humanity. Nelvita said that moral Japanese language students. Generally, Bushido value was ethics value (2011, p. 19) was: told on bellesletters that applied by samurais in their era. 1. 義 (Gi -integrity): keeping ethics and honesty on Truthfully it was not only samurai who are able to apply Samurai has to keep good attitude, totality, and Bushido values, Ary Ginanjar Agustian stated Bushido has be honesty. Totality is appertaining life’s aspects, especially implemented well and has become personality system for thoughts, words, and act. Honesty in samurai is a resolute every Japanese person (Nelvita, 2011, p. 19). So, Bushido ethics when will kill and when will die so long as their values is reflected from people’s words and attitude in life convinced was truth (Gultom, 2008), p. 27). aspects such as in learning activity. For Japanese language students who have understood more 2. 勇 (Yū-braveness): faced up to difficulty about Japanese language and Japanese people’s moral values, Braveness was one of samurai’s character and Bushido can be applied in kanji learning. Writing learning of attitude. Samurai has to be ready to face all risks China’s character that adopted to Japanese language writing included putting life on the line to defend truth. Now “... system containing Bushido values. Habein said that kanji is a this braveness can be seen from Japanese people attitude visual picture, cannot be taught with ear, it is a way of student in defending their society” (Gultom, 2009, p. 26) to get speak ability (in Novianti, 2011, p. 3). Through Bushido 3. 仁 (Jin-greatfulness): loving fellow, affection, and values, writing kanji can be understood with seeing and sympathy rewriting has meaning and another purpose. In spite of samurai was a knight who often used sword in working, but he has to be a merciful and II. METHODS charitable man “... with supported from power to help A. Theoretical Review and protecting” (Gultom, 2009, p. 28). 1) BUSHIDO 4. 礼 (Rei-respect): respecting to others Bushido was coming from 武士(bushi) that is knight and Samurai has to keep Bushido ethics everywhere and 道(dō) that is path. Bushido (武士道) is knight’s path that anytime. Nitobe (in Gultom, 2009, p. 28) said that a guiding samurais and Japanese people’s ethics code (Arumsari, samurai has raised with duty value and proffession 2008, p. 10). Bushido is a ethics code that used to guide and feature or their status, respect is a private magnificence make people morally and virtuous. Bushido was often pointed that applied their souls. Respect is not only to elders and to samurais whom are highclass society in Japan industry era. master, but it also to guest and others. Nitobe (Arumsari, 2008, p. 11) said that: 5. 信 (Makoto-honesty and sincerity): honesty and sincerity Samurai’s word is a seriousness and truth guarantee. Nitobe (in Arumsari, 2008, p. 19) said that a samurai has an orientation, he needs high truth and seriousness consciously more than sellers and farmers. Samurais did not lie and say something bad about others.

武士道は一言でいえば「騎士道の現律」武士階級の 「高い身分に伴う義務」である。 “if it said in single word, Bushido is knight’s path regulation, a duty that brought samurais to the high social position”. Bushido has a position in Japanese people’s life greatly, it always used on multiple thought elements. Since 1882, imperalism charter was given to armies for bracing up Bushido spirit in war (Arumsari, 2008, p. 12). From that time Bushido spirit always used in deciding rule. Bushido ethics code spread when Tokugawa era, when samurais worked as farmer so Bushido precept can be accepted to farmers society. Each samurai spreaded Bushido with different ways. When Meiji era, samurais society was removed and most of samurais did have job. Most of samurais worked as seller or laborer. Bushido is a moral system so the precept contains moral ethics. Bushido concept was from Buddha, Zen, and Shinto. Zen was from Confusionism that has precept about humanity so Bushido could be accepted to people. Bushido taught moral

6.

名 誉

(Meiyo-reputation):

keep

self-honour

and

magnificence A samurai has to keep his honour and his master’s honour with doing all Bushido ethics consistently. If a samurai did mistake, he has responsible to do harakiri (suicide) with seppuku (cut his stomach) because of embarassing his master. 7.

忠義 (Chūgi-loyalty): loyal to one master and teacher Samurai’s loyalty was expressed when his master faces trouble and did not permitted to leave his master. Samurai’s life was dedicated to serve his master and he has to sacrifice it to keep his master’s reputation.

8.

悌 (Tei-serving elder person): respecting elders and tradition

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L. Husna et al / ADRI International Journal Of Research Language Educational and Lingusitic 1 (2017) 1-4

Samurai respected and cared to elders, master, and forefathers. They have to know their familytree and did not think about their-self. They have to focus to respect and serving their master and elders. Bushido has spread and still exist on Japanese people’s soul. Period of samurai system and Japan isolation for about 250 years from outside world made Bushido perceivable well. Muhammad (in Uningasri, 2016, p. 14) stated that with various consideration, Bushido had been processed internally in cultural and coming in Japanese people’s character. Bushido spirit is Japanese people’s spirit that made Japan became develop country with raise moral values to be a life vision in life aspects. 2) KANJI LEARNING Kanji is one of lessons that must be learned to Japanese students in college. Sutedi (2011, p. 8) explained that kanji characters are symbol characters, there were stand-alone, there are must be joined with another kanji character or followed with hiragana character. That sort of thing is one of reasons why Japanese language is difficult to learn. Other than that, one kanji character can be interpreted as one word, but sometimes it is a part of another vocabulary that has different meaning, because in kanji character there were two ways of reading, there were kun-yomi (Japanese version) and on-yomi (Chinese version) (Sutedi, 2011, p. 8). In kun-yomi one kanji usually followed with hiragana, and in on-yomi kanji contains consolidation of two or more kanji. In kanji learning, students have to able to read, write, and understand the kanji meanings. Windra Swastika and William Prathama Nugraha said that it is not like another foreign languages that are using alphabet, in Japanese language learning students are not only study about vocabularies and grammar, but need to memorize kanji meaning to understand and read sentences in Japanese language (2013, p. xv). Through kanji writing order rule, it can be used to reduce mistake in writing stroke. Yang said that writing kanji order should be naturally, not forced or not stiff. Than, look at writing speed and kanji form size to make it easier to understand about that kanji (2013, p. 3). Kanji is understood by writing, because one kanji character has multiple ways of reading so if students don’t understand the sentence context and knowledge about kanji character, they cannot understand a whole sentence in Japanese language.

permitted to be doubt, so some mistakes in writing could be accomplished. 2.

勇 (Yū-Braveness), students have to be brave and be ready to face. That braveness has meaning brave in calm. When students are facing troubles in learning kanji, what have to do is calm and leisurely.

3.



(Jin-Greatfulness),

students

have

to

possess

greatfulness attitude, charitable, and caring to another people. In learning activity, students have to care to another friend who had been around mistake and help them, except in examination time. 4.

礼 (Rei-Respect), language students have to understand more how to speak to elder, so respect value is always applied especially to teachers when they are in school.

5.

信 (makoto-honesty and sincerity), a good student is an honest student. The students who do kindness to another and themself. In learning activity, students do not be permitted to lie such as do not obedient kanji writing order.

6.

名誉 (Meiyo-reputation), students has to be able to keep their reputation, their familiy’s, and their campus upon their profession, as students they must study more especially in kanji learning so they can understand another Japanese language lesson.

7.

忠義 (Chūgi-Loyalty), students’ loyalty is could be seen from their submission to teachers. In kanji learning, students submit to rules that is like kanji writing rule correctly.

8.

悌 (Tei-Respecting Elder and Appreciating Tradition), students have to respect elder and always appreciate tradition so they can develop education quality with raise people’s moral values. In kanji learning, students have to follow tradition in writing kanji

B. BUSHIDO VALUES IN JAPANESE LANGUAGE EDUCATION In Japanese language Bushido values are in multiple learning applied aspects. Bushido that was learned by samurais did not only about war, but also contained art and culture such as literature, calligraphy, ceramics art, tea ceremony, and soon. In Japanese language education, Bushido values could be seen in polite language lesson and students’ loyalty in III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION following school rules. According to Bushido values that A. Bushido Values In Kanji Learning samurais has to respect to elders and tradition, so the students 1. 義 (Gi-Integrity), students have to be resolute about what have to follow that Bushido values. they believe, when they write kanji they don’t be Besides, Bushido values can be developed to be an inspiration to follow the lead of heroism and braveness.

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L. Husna et al / ADRI International Journal Of Research Language Educational and Lingusitic 1 (2017) 1-4

Bushido values also can give an inspiration to students and support them to make a belleslettres. The teachers can take Bushido values to develop Japanese language subjects and development teaching materials. Japanese is one of develop nations that arose from defeated, but Japanese people has built a good country by appreciating moral and tradition. Therefore, the students can copy Japanese people to protect Indonesia’s moral values, tradition, and character. REFERENCES [1]

Gultom, Etika Bushido dalam Novel Shiosai Karya Yukio Mishima. Medan:

Universitas

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Available:

http://repository.usu.ac.id. 2009.K. Arumsari, Analisis Pengaruh Konsep Bushido pada Tentara Kamikaze dalam Film Letters From Iwojima Karya Clint Eastwood. (Skripsi). [Online]. Departemen Sastra Jepang.

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Sutedi, Dasar-Dasar Linguistik Bahasa Jepang: Edisi Revisi. Bandung: Humaniora. 2011.

[3]

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dalam

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