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Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures
2014-2015
Estimated Numbers of Cancer Survivors by State as of January 1, 2014
WA 332,920 MT 52,030
VT 31,850
ND 35,200
OR 185,730
WY 29,820
CA 1,661,740
AZ 348,720
CO 211,670
NM 80,080
NY 960,920
MI 543,470 IA 142,870 IL 578,840 KS 142,700
OK 172,080
MO 281,330
TX 929,970
IN 279,420
PA 643,350
OH 555,740
AR 107,500
SC 226,420 AL 197,040
GA 355,870
LA 206,490 FL 1,222,960
HI 60,380
Note: State estimates do not sum to US total due to rounding.
US Total 14,483,830
CT 181,830 NJ 483,590 MD 264,450
VA 319,080 NC 348,850
TN 241,560
RI 59,240
DE 46,040
WV 101,060
KY 220,640
MS 95,950
AK 31,740
MA 364,460
WI 295,520
SD 40,130
NE 96,610 UT 81,260
ME 79,400
MN 282,090
ID 66,600
NV 108,000
NH 77,320
DC 21,280
Contents Introduction Who Are Cancer Survivors? How Many Cancer Survivors Are Alive in the US? How Many Cancer Survivors Are Expected to Be Alive in the US in 2024?
1 1 1 2
Selected Cancers Breast (Female) Cancers in Children and Adolescents Colon and Rectum Leukemias and Lymphomas Lung and Bronchus Melanoma Prostate Testis Thyroid Urinary Bladder Uterine Corpus
3 3 8 9 10 13 14 14 15 16 17 18
Navigating the Cancer Experience: Diagnosis and Treatment Choosing a Doctor Choosing a Treatment Facility Choosing among Recommended Treatments Barriers to Treatment and Cancer Disparities Common Side Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment Impairment-driven Cancer Rehabilitation Palliative Care The Recovery Phase
19 19 20 21 21 22 25 25 25
Long-term Survivorship Quality of Life Risk of Recurrence and Subsequent Cancers Regaining and Improving Health through Healthy Behaviors
26 26 27 28
Concerns of Caregivers and Families
30
The American Cancer Society How the American Cancer Society Saves Lives
32 32
Sources of Statistics
37
References Acknowledgments
38 45
For more information, contact: Carol DeSantis, MPH Rebecca Siegel, MPH Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD
Corporate Center: American Cancer Society Inc. 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002 404-320-3333 ©2014, American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this publication or portions thereof in any form. For written permission, address the Legal department of the American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002.
This publication attempts to summarize current scientific information about cancer. Except when specified, it does not represent the official policy of the American Cancer Society. Suggested citation: American Cancer Society. Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Facts & Figures 2014-2015. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2014
Introduction Who Are Cancer Survivors? A cancer survivor is any person who has been diagnosed with cancer, from the time of diagnosis through the balance of life. There are at least three distinct phases associated with cancer survival, including the time from diagnosis to the end of initial treatment, the transition from treatment to extended survival, and long-term survival.1 In practice, however, the term “survivor” is often used to mean someone who has finished active treatment. Survivorship encompasses a range of cancer experiences and trajectories, including: • Living cancer-free for the remainder of life • Living cancer-free for many years but experiencing one or more serious, late complications of treatment • Living cancer-free for many years, but dying after a late recurrence • Living cancer-free after the first cancer is treated, but developing a second cancer • Living with intermittent periods of active disease requiring treatment • Living with cancer continuously without a disease-free period
The goals of treatment are to “cure” the cancer if possible and/or prolong survival and provide the highest possible quality of life during and after treatment. A cancer is cured when all traces of the cancer have been removed from the patient’s body. Although it is usually not possible to know for sure if the cancer has been completely eradicated, for many patients diagnosed with cancer, the initial course of therapy is successful and the cancer never returns. However, even cancer-free survivors must cope with the long-term effects of treatment, as well as psychological concerns such as fear of recurrence. Cancer patients, caregivers, and survivors must have the information and support they need to play an active role in decisions that affect treatment and quality of life. Throughout this document, the terms cancer patient and survivor are used interchangeably. It is also recognized that not all people with a cancer diagnosis identify with the term “cancer survivor.”
How Many Cancer Survivors Are Alive in the US? Nearly 14.5 million children and adults with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2014, in the United States. This estimate does not include carcinoma in situ (non-invasive cancer) of any site except urinary bladder, nor does it include basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. The 10 most common cancer sites represented among male and female survivors are shown in Figure 1. Prostate (43%), colon and rectum (9%), and melanoma (8%)
Figure 1. Estimated Numbers of US Cancer Survivors by Site As of January 1, 2024
As of January 1, 2014 Male Prostate 2,975,970 (43%) Colon & rectum 621,430 (9%) Melanoma 516,570 (8%) Urinary bladder 455,520 (7%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 297,820 (4%) Testis 244,110 (4%) Kidney 229,790 (3%) Lung & bronchus 196,580 (3%) Oral cavity & pharynx 194,140 (3%) Leukemia 177,940 (3%) All sites 6,876,600
Female Breast 3,131,440 (41%) Uterine corpus 624,890 (8%) Colon & rectum 624,340 (8%) Melanoma 528,860 (7%) Thyroid 470,020 (6%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 272,000 (4%) Uterine cervix 244,180 (3%) Lung & bronchus 233,510 (3%) Ovary 199,900 (3%) Kidney 159,280 (2%) All sites 7,607,230
Male Prostate 4,194,190 (45%) Colon & rectum 789,950 (8%) Melanoma 698,040 (7%) Urinary bladder 577,780 (6%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 390,170 (4%) Kidney 318,990 (3%) Testis 308,000 (3%) Oral cavity & pharynx 241,920 (3%) Lung & bronchus 240,530 (3%) Leukemia 230,590 (2%) All sites 9,312,080
Female Breast 3,951,930 (41%) Colon & rectum 771,070 (8%) Uterine corpus 756,980 (8%) Melanoma 696,280 (7%) Thyroid 645,330 (7%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 360,220 (4%) Lung & bronchus 289,400 (3%) Cervix 244,840 (3%) Ovary 236,320 (2%) Kidney 221,260 (2%) All sites 9,602,590
Source: Data Modeling Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute. American Cancer Society, Surveillance and Health Services Research, 2014
Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2014-2015 1
are the three most common cancers among male cancer survivors and breast (41%), uterine corpus (8%), and colon and rectum (8%) are the most common among female survivors. The majority of cancer survivors (64%) were diagnosed 5 or more years ago, and 15% were diagnosed 20 or more years ago (Table 1). Nearly half (46%) of cancer survivors are 70 years of age or older, while only 5% are younger than 40 years (Table 2).
How Many Cancer Survivors Are Expected to Be Alive in the US in 2024? By January 1, 2024, it is estimated that the population of cancer survivors will increase to almost 19 million: 9.3 million males and 9.6 million females (Figure 1, page 1).
Table 1. Estimated Numbers of US Cancer Survivors as of January 1, 2014, by Sex and Time Since Diagnosis Male and Female
Male
Female
Years since diagnosis
Number
Percent
Cumulative Percent
Number
Percent
Cumulative Percent
Number
Percent
Cumulative Percent
0 to