Capacity Building for Community-based Literacy Movement A Case Study at the TBM Sudut Baca Soreang Andri Yanto Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected] Saleha Rodiah Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected] Elnovani Lusiana Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected]
Abstract: This article discusses the findings of a qualitative research using a case study approach in Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) Sudut Baca Soreang (SBS.) TBM as part of the literacy movement began to develop into a literacy movement that comes from the movement of communities in a particular location which basically giving access learning resource for the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of capacity building developed by SBS. Data consists of interviews, observation and documentation. The main target is the model of capacity building in community-based literacy movements with the aim to provide input for decision-makers in government or as a reference for other communities in building the literacy movement in a community. The results showed that capacity building has the potential to make a positive impact on management and community development. The results also yielded several implications for community-based libraries, including how their services could be improved to have even greater impact on the communities they serve and how the volunteers empower themselves and in turn empower communities Keywords: capacity building, literacy movement, community-based libraries
Introduction Children's Reading public (TBM) is now growing very rapidly in the community through a variety of literacy activities they do. TBM as part of the current literacy movement not only became the domain of the Government through the development or conducting different types of libraries. TBM is one part of a larger library community. According to Håklev (2010) in research argue that the proliferation of library community began in 2001 with the title taman bacaan (reading gardens). One TBM rapidly growing in West Java region is TBM Sudut Baca Soreang (SBS) is committed to expand access to information and open public participation in the growth of the culture read initiated the Soreang Reading Movement (Gerakan Soreang Membaca!) (GSM!) the form of movement of Bandung Regency Reading movement (Gerakan Kabupaten Bandung Membaca) (Kabaca!) (Cayaraya & Riani, 2012, p. 1). TBM SBS is one of the independent community library. SBS also has activities to improve the quality of life of the community with a variety of activities that are carried out so that it is able to create standalone citizens such as the improvement of the skills of its members so that it can improve the quality of their life through their entrepreneurial ability with skills. Community-based literacy movement in the independent community library has not fully examined aspects of human resource development as a determinant of the literacy movement
TBM as well as increasing the capacity of the organization. Also note that the founder of TBM SBS Agus Munawar argues that ''a diverse range of creative activities, rekreatif, organized a TBM, not behind him regardless of the willingness of a group of people (volunteers) who are willing to make sacrifices”. (Anggadhitya & Dinar, 2014). The success of the literacy movement can be seen from the level of volunteer activity in moving literacy on a TBM. Literacy activity on SBS rely heavily once with the willingness of volunteers to perform various actions have been scheduled on the SBS program with monthly/yearly. The volunteer movement is spearheading in the various activities conducted in moving the activities of literacy. The one that became the focus of attention of SBS is the existence of resources both as a Manager and as a volunteer who became the backbone of the literacy activities organiser at the TBM. One of the deciding factors in the development of an organization is how awareness, capacity and quality managers to improve performance TBM staffs in addition to capacity building organization (organizational management) as well as the networking capacity of the TBM. Therefore, through research need to be examined further on the model of capacity building at the independent community library on TBM SBS. Literature Review Capacity development (or capacity building) according to Otoo, Agapitova, & Behrens (2009) is the availability of resources and the efficiency and effectiveness with which societies deploy those resources to identify and pursue their development goals on a sustainable basis. From the UNDP’s perspective, it is the ability of individuals and organizations or units to perform functions effectively, efficiently, or sustainably. Alternatively, it can refer to the people, institutions, and practices that enable a country to achieve its development objectives. Capacity has both human and institutional dimensions with the following components:
skilled human resources
leadership and vision
viable institutions
financial and material resources and
effective work practices, including systems, procedures and appropriate incentives.
(Ogunsola, 2011) A library can be the initiator capacity building and became the implementing capacity building activities. According Panda, Swain & Jena (2009) library as a community connector is rightly regarded as the capacity building initiator. Initiation of capacity of any set up can take its fuel from library. It can accommodate community meetings, discussions, forums, and events and activities as a catalyst for community building. Noah & Brickman (2004) argue that phrase capacity building in library field means any service or activity that strengthens or supports the ability of libraries to provide high quality, accessible, and sustainable services to their communities. In order to understand capacity building, it is important to specify what we mean by capacity in the context of libraries.
Kalida further explains that the library manager not only focus to management the management of the collection of the library, but also on the strengthening of the institutional basis and development (capacity building), creative sued Manager in creating the event how the techniques and strategies to increase interest in present society to the library. (2015, p. 13). One of the main purposes of TBM's presence is an increase in the capacity of a person and the TBM becoming a means for someone to become a lifelong learner. Lifelong learning is an important component of capacity building and is essential to community development. Library programs and services help to nurture a love of reading and learning and can influence a person's desire for lifelong learning. Libraries help people clarify their information needs and develop skills to search for information. Information literacy skills do not come naturally to many people and the library can play a role in developing capacity. (Asu & Clendening, 2007) According to Soeprapto (2003, p. 14), in the development of capacity building there are three levels, among other things: 1. The Individual Level, such as the potential-potential individuals, individual skills, grouping work and motivation-motivation of the work of the individual in the Organization; 2. The level of the Organization, such as organizational structure, procedures and mechanisms work, the decision-making process in the Organization, regulation and infrastructure, relationships and network of organizations; 3. The level of the system, such as the framework-related regulations, policies and basic conditions that support the attainment of certain policies brought. However, there are several factors that can affect the success of capacity building, as stated by Soeprapto (2006) among others: 1. Collective commitments 2. Leadership Conducive 3. Regulatory Reform 4. Institutional Reform Methodology Research methods used in this research is qualitative case study approach. Determinant of a case study is the willingness of researchers to specifically disclose problems that are associated with a single entity, with the specific context of the existence of the entity. (Pendit, 2003, p. 252). Entities in this research is TBM Sudut Baca Soreang (SBS). The case study approach is a suitable strategy when the subject matter of a question of research with regard to how and why, when researchers have little chance to control the events that will be investigated and his research focus lies on contemporary phenomena (present) in real life (Yin, 2008, p. 1) According to a case study of Cavaya in Pendit (2003) in terms of research objectives are intended to reveal in detail a phenomenon and develop a new theory or tend to use qualitative research methods. The typology used in "single case" or a single case where the only focus to community-based literacy movement in the TBM SBS (p. 256) Sample in qualitative research is not a named respondent, but as a resource, or a participant, the informant, friends and teachers in research (Sugiono, 2009, p. 216). In this study the retrieval of data sources used purposive, i.e., with a particular consideration, for example the person deemed
most know about the literacy movement in SBS. In the process of determining the informant, how the amount is not determined in advance, but upon consideration of information. The informant is selected by purposive based on dependencies with the literacy movement in the SBS ranging from pioneer, managers, volunteers and other stakeholders. To get a credible data validation, researchers using the technique of triangulation. Triangulation in testing the credibility of data interpreted as checking of data from many different sources in many different ways and different time. According to Lexy A. Moleong in Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, triangulation is a technique checks the validity of the data that utilizes something else outside of that data for the purposes of checking or comparison against that data. (Moleong, 2007, p. 330). Further Pickard (2013) stated that triangulation within a case study can be achieved by using multiple data collection techniques or multiple sources of evidence, or very commonly both. Result Capacity building at the level of individual SBS TBM through improved capacity of each of the Trustees and volunteers based on potential and skills they have, besides the direction of SBS also mapping the various capabilities of the volunteers to make the grouping work to help the management of the Organization of the SBS. Increasing the capacity of each individual that is in the SBS is also based on the results of interviews with the founders of SBS and the volunteers about their motivation to join the SBS. The literacy movement made by SBS the majority done by daily as well as volunteers that are in the SBS with a variety of activities that are largely community-based. Form activity motion driven by SBS literacy volunteers as well as the spearhead in implementing various activities has been organized every week/month/yearly with one volunteer as responsible activity. Besides SBS also conduct coaching to prospective volunteers who built the potential for being a volunteer in SBS. The target objectives of the literacy movement SBS is a youth (including children), women and Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as well as existing students around Go starting from different levels of education. Active in volunteer activities of SBS many institutional strengthening programs get (capacity building) through a variety of training made by SBS, SBS partners as well as from other organizations from both the private as well as Government. Volunteers are there in SBS, as well as the doubles became Superintendent in SBS still felt a bit weighed down big name Agus Munawar as founder of SBS currently has done a regeneration in the SBS and the most activity he did not do with SBS. Founder of SBS until now continue to make reinforcement to the SBS Manager according to the vision and mission of the SBS. SBS also makes improvements to the visitor and Manager skills SBS through sharing program that has been designed before. Based on the results of the documentation shows the activity that is on SBS like training ICT and the provision of computer facilities as a medium of learning makes one of its members became a young entrepreneur for cutting sticker. It is also recognized by the founders of SBS in the FGD activities, that: ... Members who read the book that utilizes the facilities here his life much better. (AM) (… anggota yang membaca buku yang memanfaatkan fasilitas disini hidupnya jauh lebih
baik karena memang itu hal yang yang utama. (AM)) Besides strengthening the capacity of institutions through other partnerships undertaken by SBS, with a wide range of activities in order to increase the capabilities of human resources and the management of the organization. Institutional capacity building is widely done through partnerships with colleges such as SBS through various training activities and community services conducted the academic library science student volunteers and served as Fikom in delivering science to transfer the processing of collections that are on the SBS; with other community organizations such as with the Coca Cola Foundation through the program Perpuseru; or with other government institutions. At the level of institutions, the organizational structure has been created by SBS, just that the procedures and mechanisms that exist in the SBS has not been made in writing, and in fact the strategic decision-making process still heavily dependent the figure of the founder of SBS. But the partnership, SBS really stood out especially the activities of the network with external parties (government, private sector and non-profit organization) It is also done as a reinforcement of the strengthening of financial and infrastructure that exist in the SBS through fundrising through grants, sponsorships, and other resources on a voluntary basis to individuals, private as well as government agenciesand other community organizations. Fundrising activities in the activity of sponsorship for some of the activities created by SBS. As part of strengthening the capacity of financial strengthening, not just solely voluntary contributions or collection in the form of funding, but also provide other resources in the form of granting supply knowledge and skills as well as advice and other infrastructure that can support the activities of the existing literacy movement in SBS. While at the level of the system, the SBS has been registered as a non-profit institution under the Soreang Membaca Membangun Foundation. The whole procedure starting from the rules and policies related to the TBM in particular as well as the field of libraries in General. SBS always tries to follow the development of regulations and policies that existed in Indonesia. Conclusion The results showed that capacity building has the potential to make a positive impact on management and community development. The results also yielded several implications for community-based libraries, including how their services could be improved to have even greater impact on the communities they serve and how the volunteers empower themselves and in turn empower communities. References Anggadhitya, R. & Dinar, A. (2014). Relawan bidik celah: Cerita Seru Sudut Baca Soreang. Soreang: SBS Publishing. Asu, M., & Clendening, L. (2007). It takes a library to raise a community.Partnership : The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 2(2), 1-16. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/235906929?accountid=48290 Håklev, S. (2010). Factors that Contributed to the Community Library Movement in Indonesia. Libri: International Journal Of Libraries & Information Services, 60(1), 15-26. doi:10.1515/libr.2010.002 Håklev, S. (2010). Community Libraries in Indonesia: a Survey of Government-Supported and Independent Reading Gardens.
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