Idea Transcript
Junior / Senior
CAREER PLANNING GUIDE HANOVER COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS
CAREER PLANNING CENTERS
From The Counselors
Dear Student: This Guide is provided for you to explore career and educational options. Your school counselor and career counselor are both available to assist you as you develop plans for your future. We hope that you will find this Guide to be a valuable resource during your Junior and Senior years of High School.
Best wishes! Your Hanover County Career Counselors
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
CONTENTS About The Career Planning Center . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Steps In Planning Your Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tools For Career Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Educational and Career Options . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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CHAPTER 1
About the Career Planning Center Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center Services Students are encouraged to visit the Career Planning Center in their school to learn more about careers and planning options. Check out our services: ✔
Assessments to identify interests, abilities, and career values
✔
Career information, including job descriptions, salary, outlook, related occupations, training options, and sources of additional information
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Guidance in course selection
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Individual and small group counseling on career-related topics
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Consultation with teachers, parents, and community members
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Posted opportunities for volunteering, part-time work, full time work and summer employment opportunities
Envision Your Future Explore Your Opportunities at our Website: www.hcps.us/careers
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About the Career Center
Career Planning Resources The following resources are available in the Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Centers, located in each high school. Contact a career counselor for more information! Self Assessment • Navigator (interests, abilities, work values) • Virginia Education Wizard Career Information • Computer Resources • Career and College Handbooks and Periodicals • College Catalogs • Career Speakers Education/Training • Apprenticeship • Cooperative Education • Dual Enrollment • Electives • Career or Technical Courses Tools for Career Development • Individual career plan • Skills for job success • Job search skills • Résumé writing • Interviewing skills
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
About the Career Center
Career Planning Tools Navigator • Is an internet-based career guidance and information system that provides information to help users make important career and educational decisions—whether seeking immediate employment, vocational training, college or military service. • Has up-to-date databases of occupations, majors, schools and training institutions. • Offers inventories of interests, abilities and work-related values to be completed on-line. • Offers assistance in writing résumés, completing job applications and interview tips. Website: www.kudernavigator.com • User Name: 1st initial last name, 1st initial first name, student # (plus 0’s in front to have 6 total #’s); ex. Sally Jones, student # 9999, User name will be: js009999 THIS WILL ALWAYS BE YOUR USER NAME. • Password: student # (plus 0’s in front to have 6 total #’s). ex. 009999 • On the left, go to My Profile. Under that, click on Edit. Very carefully edit your Personal Information. Include address, and YOUR e-mail plus your parent’s e-mail. Very important! • Select Learn About Myself, then choose Take an Assessment. • Choose Start Assessment. Take all three. • In the Learn About Myself section of Navigator, choose View Occupations Suggested by Assessments. • Click on the star (H) next to the occupation to save it to your favorite occupations list in your portfolio. See your career counselor if you have difficulty accessing your account. Virginia Education Wizard • Is an internet-based career guidance and information system that provides information to help users make important career and educational decisions. • Has databases of occupations, majors, schools and training institutions in Virginia. • Offers inventories of interests, abilities and work-related values to be completed on-line. • Offers assistance in writing résumés and interview tips. • Is available through an account set up by the student and may be accessed through the Website – www.vawizard.org.
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CHAPTER 2
Steps In Career Planning Career Planning Process Step I: Self-Assessment – Create Your Personal Profile The first step in career planning is to gather information about your interests, abilities, work values and personal preferences. Your school counselor and career counselor can provide inventories and assessment tools that will give you the information needed to create your own personal profile. These assessment tools will suggest career areas to explore. NAME:
My Self-Assessment / Personal Profile
Interests:
Abilities:
Work Values
Other:
Suggested Career Areas
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Steps in Career Planning
My Family Interview NAME:
The Family Interview offers an opportunity to practice your interviewing skills and discover some interesting information by talking with family members about their career paths. Here are some questions to guide your conversation: • What were your career plans or goals when you were my age?
• How did your family help you make career decisions when you were my age?
• What was it like for you to leave home and go to_____________ (work, college, military)?
• Did you change your career plan? If so, why?
• What do you hope for me to experience in my future?
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Steps in Career Planning
Step II: Career Exploration – Explore Career Areas Suggested by Your Profile
You will use the career exploration process many times throughout your
My Job/Career Profile NAME:
working life. You are involved in career exploration whenever you
Name of Occupation:
read information about careers of interest in books, magazines or from
Description of Work Tasks:
computer programs and Websites. You may also talk with people in various career areas about their career paths and work. Many
Work Setting:
students explore careers through first-hand experiences such as extra-curricular activities, part-time
Work Tools:
employment, field trips or job shadowing. Classes that relate to your field of career interests are
Training/Education Required for the Job:
other excellent ways to explore. Salary Range/Outlook: The Job/Career Profile at the right can help you to evaluate specific jobs within a career
Helpful Personal Qualities:
area. Considering this information can help you decide whether or not you
Related Occupations:
want to keep the job on your list of possible options Career Research Methods:
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Steps in Career Planning
Career Research Methods Read Your high school Career Planning Center, Media Center and Counseling Office can provide many sources of print information including the following resources:
• The Occupational Outlook Handbook
• Careers Series (Hardback and Paperback books)
• The Navigator (Internet Information)
• Career Guide for Virginia
• College Board Publications
• Virginia Education Wizard
Talk to People You should supplement the information that you gather through written sources by talking to people who have first-hand experience or knowledge about your area of interest. You can do this informally by talking with family members, friends or teachers, or formally through an Informational Interview. Unlike a job interview, the goal of an informational interview is not to obtain employment, but to gain insights that are not available through print resources. Some examples of questions for an Informational Interview may include:
• What knowledge, skills, training or experience did you have for this job?
• What do you like most/least about your job?
• How did you find your job?
• What is a typical day like for you?
• How has technology impacted your job?
• Can you suggest anyone else that I may talk with about this field?
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Steps in Career Planning
Personal Experience You may gain career-related experience through school courses, extra-curricular activities, part-time paid or unpaid employment, and short-term work-based learning opportunities such as job shadowing, field trips and mentorships. For example: Occupation Experience
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Musician
Enroll in chorus, band or participate in
marching band.
Computer Programming
Take a computer course or join a
computer club.
Medicine
Volunteer at the hospital or rescue squad.
Building Trades
Shadow a construction crew or seek
summer or part-time work in construction.
Education
Participate in the SODA program, peer
assistant program, peer mediation program,
or teacher cadet program. Volunteer to tutor.
Chef
Take the culinary arts class at The Hanover
Center for Trades & Technology.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Steps in Career Planning
Step III: My Action Plan Before you create an action plan, review your readiness in each of the following areas: • I am aware of job opportunities in the current job market and how trends will affect future opportunities. • I know my own strengths and abilities. • I understand my own work values. • I have considered my resources and obligations. Use the following format for planning your course of action: My Career Goal (Is it measurable, specific, attainable and realistic?) NAME:
My Goal is: Steps Needed To Achieve My Goal:
Education/Training:
Supporting Experiences (informational interview, part-time employment, mentorship, shadowing, volunteer experience):
Obstacles to Overcome:
Contacts (Who can help me?, How?, When?):
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Steps in Career Planning
Life-long Learning If you take the career planning process seriously in high school, you will learn enough about yourself and the world of work so that you will be able to eliminate some career options. You will then be able to focus more fully on exploring other career options. While it is not expected that you will choose one career and never change your mind, the insights gained through the career planning process should be relevant to you over time. The rapid pace at which our world is changing requires self-knowledge and the ability to gain new skills. The methods and techniques that you learn in this Guide will continue to be useful to you throughout your adult life and career.
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
CHAPTER 3
Tools for Career Planning Goals: Personal Challenges The following job search methods will apply whether you are looking for part-time, temporary or full time employment. It is estimated that only 10–20% of all jobs are advertised. Other available openings are found through networking and accessing the hidden job market described in the networking section of this Guide. In addition to job leads that you develop through your personal network, you will be able to find some job opportunities through the following sources: School/College Placement Services Educational institutions such as high schools, career/technical schools, community colleges and four-year colleges will post job openings provided by employers. Each Hanover County career counselor maintains a list of local job postings. State Employment Centers State employment centers such as the Virginia Employment Commission maintain a data-base of job openings for the use of all citizens. These data-bases can be accessed through the Internet as well as by visiting the Employment Commission Office.
Junior/Senior Career Planning Guide
Private Employment Agencies Private employment agencies work with employers to fill job vacancies. Employers normally pay a fee to the agency for assistance in hiring qualified employees. Employment Ads in Newspapers/ Professional Magazines Be sure to check the listings for all jobs that may be related to what you want to do. Internet Sites There are many Internet sites that list job ads and allow individuals to post résumés. Other sources of job search information may be found by: • Searching the Yellow Pages • Using directories and trade publications found in the local library • Contacting professional associations • Contacting local trade unions
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Tools for Career Planning
Networking Many of the best jobs available are never advertised in newspapers or on the internet.
The Hidden Job Market
These jobs make up what is called the hidden
It’s no secret that some of the best opportunities are never advertised. These positions are filled by employers who ask their colleagues for recommended applicants. How can you be sure you’re not overlooked in this market? Talk to others about your career goals, and work to create your own network!
job market. They are the jobs that are filled as people inform each other of available jobs and potential applicants. Networking is the process of talking to people that you know about the type of work in which you are interested. It involves informing them of your interests and skills and asking if they know of anyone that could help you to attain your goals. You establish your network by starting with people that you know such as close family and friends. Your network is expanded as these people introduce you to those that they know through work or community involvement. Tips for Developing Your Network
1. Make a list of people that you know well and who would be willing to help you to reach your goals. These are your primary contacts. 2. Ask your primary contacts to think of people that they know who have jobs in your field of interest. These are your secondary contacts. 3. Keep a log containing the names, phone numbers and addresses of your secondary contacts. 4. When talking with people, listen more than you talk. 5. Follow through on advice from your contacts. 6. Remember to thank your primary and secondary contacts for their help and let them know when you have obtained a job.
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
Résumé Writing Tips A résumé is a one or two page document which summarizes your skills, education, and experiences as they relate to a job objective. The primary function of a résumé is to help a job applicant get an interview. A résumé is a very important job-search tool. The following guidelines are helpful to remember when creating your résumé: • Research the skills needed for the position for which you are applying. List your qualifications that match these skills whenever possible. • Use action verbs and concrete examples of accomplishments whenever possible. ( Ex. Successfully trained five cashiers in a six-month period.) • List education and work experiences beginning with the most recent and working backward. • Check for misspellings and grammatical errors. • Use high quality paper and method of reproduction.
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Tools for Career Planning
Résumé Questionnaire The following questions may generate information that can be useful for your résumé. Job Objective 1. What kind of job am I looking for now?
Work Experience 1. What jobs have I had? List the employer and the specific job title ( Ex: Courtesy Clerk). List the name of your immediate supervisor.
2. What kind of job would I like in the future?
2. What were my duties?
3. What were my major accomplishments? 4. What skills did I learn that I can use in other jobs?
Education 1. What is the name, address and phone number of my high school?
3. What courses have I taken that would help me in a job?
2. What is my class rank and grade point average?
4. What honors or awards have I received?
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
Résumé Questionnaire, continued Extracurricular Activities and Volunteer Experience 1. In which activities did I participate?
2. What leadership positions have I held?
3. What are the skills, duties and accomplishments 4. What awards or honors have I received through associated with my participation in school my participation in school activities? activities?
Outside Interests 1. What computer skills do I have that could be used in the workplace?
2. What types of business machines can I operate?
3. What foreign languages do I know? 4. What experiences have I had interacting with people?
5. What are my mechanical or artistic skills?
When creating your résumé, remember to format it so that it is easy to read. Make an effort to highlight information that will be important to the person who is making the decision to hire you.
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Tools for Career Planning
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
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Tools for Career Planning
References References are people who know you as a worker,
get permission from your references to use his/
student or friend and who can tell employers or
her name. It will help the person writing the
college admissions committee members what
recommendation to know the name/organization
you are like as a person. A name should never
and appropriate address for the letter. It is also
be listed as a reference unless you have first
helpful at times to include other information such
asked the person to serve as a reference for
as hobbies, school activities, community service
you. Be sure that you always give complete
and the way the letter will be used so the person
information (address, telephone number, and any
writing the letter will know how to focus the
other information that is requested) about your
content of the letter of recommendation.
references. When you get the job, are accepted at a college or Employers, organizations offering scholarships
university or win a special honor, write your
and colleges may ask for references. Make sure
reference a thank you note. You may telephone
that you follow the directions given for listing
him/her or make a personal visit, but the warm and
specific references.
sincere written expression of appreciation is a large measure of reward for the person who helped you.
There are generally two types of references:
You are now a winner. Everybody likes to be part
1. Professional Reference - Someone with
of a winning team.
whom you have worked. This person should know what kind of worker you are and be able to verify where and when you have worked. Employers, teachers, and counselors can be professional references. 2. Personal Reference – A neighbor or friend who knows you well. This person should be able to tell the person looking at your application what kind of person you are. Relatives should not be used as personal references. Perhaps the easiest way to make this request is by telephone or by a personal visit. There may be times when you will need to write a letter to
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As a courtesy, please allow the person you ask to write this letter at least three weeks to complete it.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
Completing the Job Application The job application is the employer’s first opportunity to form an impression of you. Make sure that it is neat and well-presented. Here are some suggestions to help you make a good impression with your application. 1. Make a copy of the application to use as a practice copy before you complete your final copy. 2. Type the application or print neatly. Complete the application on-line if available. 3. If your handwriting is difficult to read, print in black ink so that your application is easily read. 4. Always notify persons that you plan to use as references before writing their name on your application. A call from your potential employer should not be a surprise to your references.
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Tools for Career Planning
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
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Tools for Career Planning
The Interview: An Opportunity to Win 1. Know your interests, abilities, and experiences as they relate to the desired occupation. 2. Gather data about your work history and references. A pocket résumé is an excellent reference tool. If appropriate, bring a portfolio of your work samples. 3. Learn about the desired occupation and business. You may wish to research job expectations and benefits, as well as the company’s philosophy, goals, history, etc. You may want to “scout” the location prior to the day of the interview, to avoid lastminute pressure. 4. Plan your interview attire. Plan to dress appropriately for the work setting you wish to enter. 5. Practice interviewing. Ask your career counselor, school counselor, family or friends to interview you. Although you do not want to appear rehearsed with memorized answers to questions, it is advisable to consider your answers to some of the more common questions. 6. After the interview, remember to write a thank-you letter to your interviewer.
Common Interview Questions Tell me about yourself. Why are you interested in this job? How would other people describe you? Where do you see yourself in five years? Describe three skills that you have which relate to this job. Describe a situation in which you worked with others to solve a problem. Give an example of a time you showed leadership and initiative. What is one of your major weaknesses and how do you deal with this on the job? What questions do you have about this position or our company?
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
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Tools for Career Planning
School Work Habits: THE KEY TO JOB SUCCESS Many of the habits that you develop in the academic setting are skills which will lead to success in the workplace. Consider the consequences of practicing and not practicing each of the following habits. Work Habit
Consequences
Positive Task-related skills:
Negative
Completes work on time School Work
Works to improve performance School Work
Commitment to a job: Attendance School Work
Enthusiastic learner School Work
Relations with others: Accepts authority School Work
Team player School Work
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
School Work Habits, continued Work Habit
Consequences
Positive Maturity:
Negative
Accepts responsibility School Work
Shows initiative School Work
Health & Safety: Good personal hygiene School Work
Appropriate dress School Work
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Tools for Career Planning
Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Needs Identified by Virginia Employers Personal Qualities and People Skills Positive Work Ethic
INTEGRITY
Comes to work every day on time, is willing to take direction and is motivated to accomplish the task at hand.
Abides by workplace policies and laws and demonstrates honesty and reliability.
TEAMWORK
SELF-REPRESENTATION
Contributes to the success of the team, assists others and requests help when needed.
Dresses appropriately and uses language and manners suitable for the workplace.
DIVERSITY AWARENESS
CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Works well with all customers and coworkers.
Negotiates diplomatic solutions to interpersonal and workplace issues.
CREATIVITY AND RESOURCEFULNESS Contributes new ideas and works with initiative.
Professional Knowledge and Skills speaking and listening
reading and writing
Follows directions and communicates effectively with customers and fellow employees.
Reads and interprets workplace documents and writes clearly.
critical thinking and problem solving
health and safety
Analyzes and resolves problems that arise in completing assigned tasks.
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Follows safety guidelines and manages personal health.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Tools for Career Planning
Professional Knowledge and Skills, continued organizations, systems and climates
LIFELONG LEARNING
Identifies “big picture” issues and his or her role in fulfilling the mission of the workplace.
Continually acquires new industry-related information and improves professional skills.
job acquisition and advancement
time, task and resource management
Prepares to apply for a job and to seek promotion.
Organizes and implements a productive plan of work.
mathematics
customer service
Uses mathematical reasoning to accomplish tasks.
Identifies and addresses the needs of all customers, providing helpful, courteous and knowledgeable service.
technology knowledge and skills job-specific technologies
information technology
Selects and safely uses technological resources to accomplish work responsibilities in a productive manner.
Uses computers, file management techniques and software/programs effectively.
internet use and security
telecommunications
Uses the internet appropriately for work.
Selects and uses appropriate devices, services and applications.
—provided by the Demographics & Workforce Group, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service, University of Virginia
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CHAPTER 4
Educational & Career Options Secondary Options You may select a number of options in high school that will support your educational and career goals.
Advanced Placement Courses These courses are taught on the college level and follow a curriculum developed by the College Board. Students may receive college credit by earning a satisfactory score on the AP Exam. Consult the College Handbook to determine policies for individual colleges and universities. The International Baccalaureate Program (IB) This program leads a student to pursue a prescribed curriculum with an emphasis on a global perspective. The curriculum focuses on six core areas: Language (English and a second language), Individuals and Society (Social Sciences), Experimental Science, Mathematics and The Arts. The IB diploma is recognized by colleges and universities throughout the world. Dual Enrollment Courses Students age 16 and older may request enrollment in certain courses at J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Randolph Macon College or Virginia Commonwealth University. Students may choose to focus on an area of academic or career interest through these courses which offer both high school and college credit.
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Cooperative Education Students may choose to focus on a career area and gain work experience through a co-op program. Students find employment in a job related to their course of study. The co-op teacher coordinates instruction with the work site supervisor. Youth Apprenticeship A student in youth apprenticeship alternates work in an area of career interest with academic study. The student earns high school credit for the apprenticeship experience. Hanover Center for Trades & Technology A number of career and technical courses are offered through The Hanover Center for Trades & Technology. Many of the courses prepare students for professional licensure or certification exams in their chosen career area. Teacher Cadet This course is designed for students considering education as a career and students interested in child development and learning. This project-based class includes required classroom observation and a field experience. Students must be prepared to travel to other schools in the immediate area during class time.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
Emerging Leaders The Emerging Leaders course is offered through a partnership between Hanover County Public Schools and the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at the University of Richmond. The program begins with a Summer Leadership Institute and continues throughout the academic year. Students in the Gifted/Talented program may submit applications during the winter of their junior year. G/T Mentorship Gifted and talented students may apply for a mentorship during their junior or senior year. Students are paired with community professionals who provide firsthand experiences in areas of career interest. Classroom simulations and projects supplement the workplace experience.
Junior Reserve Officer Training (JROTC) The JROTC program focuses on building the traits and principles of leadership. Participation in the program will help students competing for JROTC scholarships and admission to service academies. Participation in the program does not obligate a student to enlist in the armed forces. Service Learning Service Learning is a course through which students perform 105 documented hours of service to one non-profit agency. Students participating in service learning will meet as a class according to a schedule designated by the school principal. Service Learning is a partnership between Hanover County Public Schools and the Hanover County Department of Community Resources Volunteer Services Program.
For a complete list of secondary options and diploma requirements, see the Hanover County Public Schools Program of Studies.
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Educational and Career Options NAME:
Secondary Options: Reach For The Stars And Make Your Wishes Come True Write the number of the TITLES in the space provided by the OPTIONS you may choose in high school. TITLES 1. Apprenticeship
SECONDARY OPTIONS _______ Take a college level course in high school.
2. AP Courses (Advanced Placement)
_______ Become certified to work in fields like Auto Mechanics Technology, Cosmetology or Construction Trades.
3. Dual Enrollment
_______ Experience learning in a military setting.
4. HCTT Courses 5. Emerging Leaders
_______ Earn college credit through examination. _______ Develop a special relationship with a mentor in a field of career interest.
6. JROTC
_______ Go on career-related field trips and job shadowing experiences.
7. Co-op
_______ Pursue a high school program with a global perspective.
8. Mentorship
_______ Work, gain experience and earn money while earning high school credit.
9. Service Learning
_______ Earn high school credit while volunteering for a local non-profit agency.
10. International Baccalaureate _______ Identify leadership strengths and further develop leadership abilities. _______ Earn high school and college credit at the same time. _______ Learn career and technical skills.
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
Post-Secondary Options: The Choice Is Yours So what will you do after high school graduation? First, consider the career goals you have identified through the Steps In Career Planning in Chapter One. Second, research the training options available for each goal. Finally, compare each of your training options to determine which best suits your needs.
APPRENTICESHIPS? ON-THE-JOB TRAINING? MILITARY OPTIONS? CAREER AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS? TWO- AND FOUR-YEAR COLLEGES?
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Educational and Career Options
Post-Secondary Options After graduating from Hanover County Public Schools, you may choose from many paths as you journey into the future: apprenticeships, work force, military service, higher education or a combination of these. Careful planning is important. This Guide will help you continue your journey of decision-making and prepare for a prosperous future. Apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a training program that allows individuals to prepare for a skilled occupation through supervised on-the-job training combined with classroom instruction. • An apprentice is a person (at least 16 years old) who is learning a trade through on-the-job training and classroom instruction in accordance with federal and state apprenticeship standards. • A journeyman is a person who has completed apprenticeship training in a trade or craft. • A minimum of 144 hours for each year of apprenticeship is recommended. This instruction is offered at schools, community colleges, area vocational schools, and industrial settings. • A minimum of 2,000 hours (one year) of supervised on-the-job training is recommended. However, many programs require 8,000 hours (four years). • In the beginning, apprentices are usually paid about half the journeyman’s wage with increases about every six months. They can earn up to 90 percent of the journeyman’s wage near the completion of their training program. • Employment is based on supply and demand; thus, the economy, labor supply and demand for a given occupation, location, and other factors determine the extent to which apprentices are needed. In some cases, there may be a waiting period for apprenticeship programs. • Upon completion of training, apprentices receive certificates of completion from the state apprenticeship agency or from the Federal Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training. • Additional information regarding programs accepting applications and other apprenticeship opportunities may be obtained from: Virginia Department of Labor and Industry Apprenticeship Program North Run Business Park • 1570 E. Parham Road Richmond, Virginia 23228 Central Virginia Regional Office Apprenticeship Program Representative Phone: (804) 371-3104 ext 127 www.doli.virginia.gov
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
On-The-Job Training This option allows a person to work for a company or business that prefers to train the worker on the job. Ask about their programs for ongoing employee training. Military Opportunities Service Academies The United States maintains five service academies: The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York; The United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland; The United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado; The United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Connecticut; and The United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York. The mission of the service academies is to provide the instruction and experience necessary to produce graduates with the knowledge, character, and leadership abilities to become career military officers. You must be 17 years old, have an above-average high school record with strong scores on the SAT or ACT and apply for a nomination from one of your United States senators, your congressional representative, or the Vice President of the United States. Contact your school counselor for additional information on the admissions process. Reserve Officer Training Corp (ROTC) The ROTC program provides an opportunity to attend college while studying military leadership as part of a total undergraduate program. The program is divided into two courses, basic and advanced. The basic course is normally attended during your first two years of college with no military commitment. After completing this course, selected students may enroll in the advanced course. At this time you will incur a military obligation. Applications are available upon request from college ROTC units. Scholarships are available through ROTC programs.
Junior/Senior Career Planning Guide
Military Enlistment The U. S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard provide job training in many fields as well as opportunities for enlistees to take college-level courses. The military services can also help you build a college fund. The National Guard consists of two components: the Army National Guard (ARNG) and the Air National Guard (ANG). The National Guard is obligated to serve during natural disasters, civil disturbances and during wartime. Flexible scheduling allows the possibility of combining service in the National Guard with work or school. The Guard meets one weekend per month and two weeks in the summer. Educational benefits are also offered by the National Guard. The ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) is required for acceptance into the military. This test is given at school free of charge each year, usually to grades 11 and 12. All students are encouraged to take advantage of this skill assessment opportunity. Taking the test does NOT obligate one to enter the military. Information about this test and registration is available in the school counseling office.
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Educational and Career Options
Is Community College Right for You? When students are considering their post-secondary options, it is important to look at all available information and match institutions with one’s academic needs, financial needs, and long term goals. Community college might be the answer for you! Cost: Tuition at most community colleges is about half of that at their four-year counterparts. Even students who choose to transfer to a four-year program after two years at a community college may save substantially. In addition, financial aid opportunities are available! Students should contact the financial aid officer at each school to discuss individual packages. Smaller class size: Community colleges can offer a more personalized learning environment and individualized attention. Qualified staff: Faculty members must meet the same credentials as those who teach in a four-year college or university. However, they do not have the same pressures to publish independent works and conduct research, providing their students with even more access to their teachers. Transfer programs: Students may plan to continue their education at a four-year school, after completing the community college experience. College advisors are available to assist students in selecting courses which will transfer to their college of choice. Career training programs: A variety of options are available, from 12-month programs to 2-year associate’s degrees. Experts claim that the new worker elite of the future will be technicians who have acquired specialized skills through such programs.
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Career/Technical Schools There are thousands of career and technical training courses in the United States. You may receive training in a variety of areas including, but not limited to, aircraft technology, automotive technology, cosmetology, computer technology, electronics, health technologies, plumbing, telecommunications, travel/hospitality and welding. When considering a career or technical school, you should: • Compare the cost and quality of the course with similar courses offered through community colleges. • Obtain information from more than one school offering the type of training in which you are interested. • Talk to employers and those already working in your field of interest. Ask them if the training program that you are considering would be beneficial. • Ask for names of recent graduates. Contact them and find out if their training was helpful in finding employment. • Check the qualifications of instructors. • Your local Better Business Bureau may be able to supply information about the school’s past performance. Two- and Four-Year Colleges There are more than 3,000 colleges in the United States. No doubt there is more than one college that will meet your specific needs and objectives. Selecting the right college for you involves career planning and consideration of academic preparation. In making this decision, you might want to consider cost, location, admission standards, and other factors. Community colleges are an excellent and inexpensive way to obtain an Associate degree or post-secondary diploma. Most community college credits are transferable to four-year schools. Information is available in the Career Planning Center.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
College Opportunities Selecting a College Many sources of information are available regarding college selection, admissions, applications, and financial aid. You are encouraged to visit your Counseling Office and Career Planning Center for handbooks, videos, newsletters, and opportunities to meet with college representatives. There are also Websites, such as Navigator (www.kudernavigator.com) and Virginia Education Wizard (www.vawizard.org), which allow you to conduct a college search based on selected criteria. In addition, all Hanover County secondary counseling departments coordinate a college information program in the fall. Check your school calendar for additional information. One of the most valuable experiences is the college visit. This provides you and your parents with a first-hand look at campus facilities and programs. Most college admissions representatives are happy to schedule a time for your family to visit and learn more about their school. You may find it helpful to narrow your list of preferences to at least three schools. This list should include one that you would like most to attend, one that you would be pleased to attend, and one at which you are confident of acceptance. Once this list is developed, you will begin the admissions process.
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Educational and Career Options Making the Right College Choice NAME:
There are over 3,000 colleges in the United States! To narrow down the research, you may want to conduct a college search using computerized software or the Internet. After you develop a list of possibilities, more specific research, including a campus visit, may assist you in making the right decision. Here are some factors to consider: College Evaluation Chart Selection Factors: (rate each college from 1=poor to 5=excellent)
NAME OF COLLEGE
NAME OF COLLEGE
NAME OF COLLEGE
Academics:
Location of campus
________
________
________
Size of Student Population
________
________
________
Academic Program
________
________
________
Student-Faculty Ratio
________
________
________
Accessibility of Faculty Outside Class
________
________
________
Academic Facility
________
________
________
FACILITIES:
Cultural Facilities
________
________
________
Access to Labs, Practice Rooms
________
________
________
Residence Halls
________
________
________
Recreational Facilities
________
________
________
Athletic Facilities
________
________
________
Dining Facilities
________
________
________
SERVICES:
Academic Counseling Program
________
________
________
Personal Counseling Program
________
________
________
OPPORTUNITIES:
Study Abroad
________
________
________
Independent Research
________
________
________
Internships Available
________
________
________
Part-Time Work
________
________
________
________
________
________
OTHER FACTORS:
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
College Admissions Colleges and universities may use different admissions procedures. Students and their parents are encouraged to discuss these options with a school counselor. Rolling Admissions There is no “due date” set for applications. College admissions offices review each student’s application folder once it is complete. Because students may be admitted on a daily basis, it is advisable to apply early if your selected college uses this admissions procedure.
College Applications It is important to carefully read each school’s process for application. There are different due dates, fees, regulations, and requested information. The Hanover County Public Schools Counseling Departments and Career Planning Centers have additional information regarding completing the application, writing essays, and participating in interviews. The completed application, the application fee (check), the envelope provided by the college, and the required fee for postage must be turned in to the school counselor by the deadline set by the student’s school counseling staff. This allows sufficient time for processing within the school counseling office.
Regular Admissions There is a set “due date” for applications, usually in January or February. After consideration is given to all applications, decisions are mailed to all applicants. Early Decision If a student applies and is accepted under early decision, the student is committed to attend. Usually applications for early decision are due in late fall or early winter. Students should carefully review the conditions for early decision and discuss this opportunity with their counselor. Early Action Students receive a decision earlier than the standard response date but are not committed to respond prior to May 1. Deferred Admission Students are permitted to postpone enrollment, usually for one year, after acceptance to the college.
If students choose to apply on-line, additional information from the counseling office, including an official transcript, must still be requested in writing with the required fee.
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Educational and Career Options College Application Checklist NAME:
Name of College
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
Application Deadline Application Fee Tests Required Test Registration Date Recommendation Required (Yes / No) Date Completed Application Given to Counselor Date Transcript Requested College Reply Date Financial Aid Deadline Interview Required Interview Date Other Information
REMINDER: Request letters of reference at least two weeks in advance of your deadline.
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
Admissions Testing Students are encouraged to consider taking standardized tests in the spring of their junior year. Students may choose to take the SAT or ACT Exam. Information regarding these tests, including application packets, is located in the Hanover County Public Schools counseling offices. Students may wish to check with individual colleges to determine if there is a preference for SAT or ACT scores. Below is a brief comparison of the two tests. After reviewing this information and talking with a counselor, students may wish to take one or both tests. Content Comparison of the ACT and SAT ACT Purpose: Measures classroom achievement in four broad content areas as well as the ability to reason and to apply problem-solving skills. Content: Reading Test (35 minutes) Arts/Literature - 20 questions Social Studies/Sciences - 20 questions English Test (45 minutes) Usage/Mechanics - 40 questions Rhetorical Skills - 35 questions Writing Test (30 minutes) Optional Measures writing skills emphasized in high school English classes and entry level college composition Mathematics Test (60 minutes) Pre-Elementary Algebra - 24 questions Intermediate Algebra Coordinate Geometry - 18 questions Plane Geometry Trigonometry - 18 questions Four function graphing or scientific calculator recommended Science/Reasoning Test (35 minutes) Measures Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills required in the natural sciences
SAT Purpose: Measures academic aptitude in areas of critical reading, mathematics and writing. Content: Critical Reading (70 minutes) Two 25 minutes sections, One 20 minute section Sentence Completions - Word meaning/grammar Passage-based Reading - Vocabulary, Comprehension, Analysis Writing (60 minutes) 35 minute multiple choice Improving sentences, Identifying sentence errors, improving paragraphs 25 minute essay (1st section of test) Develop a point of view, Use reasoning and evidence for support, Use standard written English Two Readers Score, Score Range 2-12 Mathematics (70 minutes) Two 25 minutes sections, One 20 minute section Multiple Choice and Student Produced Responses Numbers, Operations, Algebra, Functions, Geometry, Statistics, Probability and Data Analysis Four function graphing or scientific calculator recommended For more information: www.collegeboard.org
For more information: www.act.org
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Educational and Career Options
College Admissions Tests (The SAT and ACT)
Frequently Asked Questions 1. Why do I need to take College Admissions Tests? 4. How do I know if I should take the SAT Subject High school graduates from thousands of high Tests? schools across the country compete annually for Consult the admissions requirements for colleges/ admission to various universities. High schools universities to which you plan to apply. While may employ a variety of grading policies. Colleges some schools use SAT Subject Test scores as part of utilize admissions tests as a common measure by the admissions process, they may also be used to which to evaluate applicants. Admissions tests are determine placement in various college programs, used by college admissions officers in conjunction determine placement in higher level course work, or with the high school transcript to evaluate how well advise students on course selection. the student will fit with their college/university program. 5. What will test preparation courses do for me? The best preparation for the ACT or SAT is the type Community Colleges do not require SATs/ACTs for of long-term preparation gained through strong admission. They do usually require applicants to reading habits and challenging math and science complete their own placement tests to determine courses. Vocabulary development is aided by word the level of preparation for college level work. attack skills learned in English and foreign language courses. 2. What do the tests measure? The SAT measures reasoning skills in reading, writing Short- term preparation is available by taking and math. The College Board, which administers practice tests such as the PSAT and PACT. These the SAT, describes the scores as “an indicator of a tests are most useful when students carefully review student’s potential for academic success.” the scores and answer keys that are returned to the student. ACT and the College Board provide free test The ACT Assessment is administered by American orientation and practice booklets. Test preparation College Testing. The Assessment includes four tests courses are also available in a range of formats and in the areas of English, Mathematics, Reading and price ranges. These “coaching” courses are not Science Reasoning. The ACT is based on content designed to develop new skills, but to help students from the high school curriculum. perform at their best on the test with the skills that they already have. Becoming familiar with the 3. What are the SAT Subject Tests? test format and learning test-taking strategies may The SAT Subject Tests are one-hour multiple choice help to reduce student anxiety leading to improved tests offered on a variety of subjects. Unlike the SAT, performance. which measures more general abilities, the Subject Tests measure knowledge of course content and the ability to apply that knowledge. Scores range from 200-800. Some colleges use SAT Subject Tests for placement in various levels of freshman courses. Some colleges use them as an additional indicator in the admissions process.
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The math sections measure the ability to apply math concepts. Most questions are in a multiple-choice format, although ten problems require student produced responses.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Educational and Career Options
Financial Aid There are many resources available regarding financial aid. In addition to catalogs and books in the counseling offices and Career Planning Centers, there are software programs, such as Navigator, and Websites, which allow students to conduct financial aid searches. Student/parent workshops are available to provide information on opportunities and procedures. All Hanover County High Schools provide periodic scholarship newsletters. These newsletters are available in Blackboard and at the Career Planning Website: hcps.us/careers. Click on the link to your school. Local scholarships from businesses and organizations are available through each school’s scholarship committee. Seniors are strongly encouraged to complete the school/community scholarship form. Consult a school counselor for the due date of this application. There are also financial aid opportunities through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). It is important that the families of all collegebound students complete this form to be considered for federal, state, or college-based grants, loans, and/or work programs. Individual appointments with the representative from GRASP (GReat Aspirations Scholarship Program) may assist in completing the FAFSA and other scholarship applications. Consult the Counseling Department to schedule a visit with a GRASP representative. Because so much information may become overwhelming and confusing, school counselors and career counselors can assist students in exploring financial opportunities. However, it is the responsibility of each student to research opportunities and request information or applications. www.fafsa.ed.gov
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CHAPTER 5
Glossary of Terms TESTING TERMS ETS
ACT American College Testing. The ACT is the predominant testing program in the Midwest and some parts of the South. The ACT combines certain aspects of both The SAT Reasoning and Subject Tests into one testing instrument. A multiple-choice test, the ACT is scored on a 0 (low) to 36 (high) basis, and its scores are reported in four categories (English, Social Science, Natural Sciences and Mathematics) and a composite average of the four areas. AP Advanced Placement Tests. Designed for strong students who have completed college level work in high school, AP exams are given in specific subject areas and are used in determining whether or not a student may gain advanced standing in college. Tests are scored on a scale from 1 (low) to 5 (high). Colleges usually give credit for test scores of 4 or 5. CEEB CODE or NUMBER The College Entrance Examination Board assigns a six-digit code number for all high schools for identification purposes. The code for Lee-Davis is 470-765. Atlee’s is 471-415. Patrick Henry’s is 470-148. Hanover’s is 471-416. CLEP College Level Examination Program. Somewhat like the SAT Subject Test and the AP, CLEP is designed primarily for the individual who has not been in school for some time but who may have acquired considerable knowledge through a job or experience. Some colleges have incorporated CLEP into testing programs for entering freshmen. COLLEGE BOARD This nonprofit organization governed by college and secondary school members is the overseeing agency for many tests and services connected with the college admissions process.
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Educational Testing Service. ETS is a nonprofit agency employed by The College Board to produce its tests.
PSAT/NMSQT Preliminary Scholastic Assessment Test and the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The PSAT/NMSQT provides a practice test for freshmen, sophomores and juniors for the SAT. It is used in the selection of the top scholars in the country for the award of merit scholarships. Only juniors may qualify for NMSQT. The results for the NMSQT are announced each year in the fall. The NMSQT Selection Index is determined annually, and the minimum score to receive national recognition varies from year to year. PSAT scores are not used by colleges as admissions criteria. SAT The SAT is usually taken in the junior year and again in the senior year and is a required test for admission to many colleges. The SAT is a multiple-choice examination and is designed to test a student’s aptitude for scholastic work (not intelligence). Low scores are not indicative that a student is unable to do competitive work in college, merely that someone with higher scores may be able to do the same work with more ease. Before you take the SAT, you should read and study The College Board booklet, Taking the SAT, available in your counseling office. SAT Subject Tests The SAT Subject Tests are one hour multiple choice tests offered on a variety of subjects. Unlike the SAT, which measures more general abilities, the Subject Tests measure knowledge of course content and the ability to apply that knowledge. Scores range from 200-800. Some colleges use SAT Subject Tests for placement in various levels of freshman courses. Some colleges use them as an additional indicator in the admissions process.
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Glossary of Terms
ADMISSIONS TERMS ADVANCED STANDING Some colleges allow students to enter college as sophomores due to the number of AP courses taken. This procedure varies greatly from college to college. COMMON APPLICATION The Common Application allows a student to fill out one application and photocopy the application and recommendation forms for filing with more than one college. Check with admissions offices to see if a college will accept the Common Application and if any supplements are required. The Common Application is available from your school counselor. DEFERRED ADMISSION Many colleges offer an opportunity for a student who has been admitted to delay or defer enrollment for a year or a semester. Students who defer an offer of admission may choose to work for a while to earn money for college or work to travel or to pursue special programs. A deposit is often required by the college to hold a place in its next entering class, and it is the college’s right to expect the student to be able to account for the time spent between graduation from high school and actual matriculation at the college. The student who defers admission to a college cannot attend another college during the time off, unless the college is notified in advance and agrees to the plan. EARLY ACTION Early action is used primarily in highly selective colleges. Early action follows the same application/notification timetable as early decision but allows the accepted candidates until May 1st to accept or decline the offer for admission. Under early action programs, it is possible for an applicant to be denied admission outright and be automatically deferred for later consideration. If junior year credentials are not truly superior, a student must be careful about applying under a plan that could harm the applicant’s chance for admission. EARLY ADMISSION Many colleges have a program under which a student may apply for admission during the junior year. The early admission program at most colleges is reserved for truly exceptional students whose academic preparation and achievement level are sufficient for early entrance to college. You should seek the advice of your school counselor if you are considering early admission.
Junior/Senior Career Planning Guide
EARLY DECISION Not to be confused with early admission, early decision is a plan under which a student applies to the first-choice college early in the fall (usually by November 1st) of the senior year and agrees by contract to enter that college if offered admission. Decisions are rendered to early decision applicants in early December. If not accepted under early decision, a student is usually deferred or reconsidered for regular admission. Be aware that some colleges may reject some early decision candidates. You may want to apply under regular admissions so that you will have time to strengthen your application. A student should not apply to more than one college under an early decision plan, since the student is usually required to withdraw any applications which might have been filed at other colleges while awaiting the decision of the early decision college. Early decision applicants are judged on the basis of their test scores and transcripts. It is also important to note that, if you have a definite first-choice college that offers an early decision option, you might apply early decision to signify your level of interest in that college. Important Notice: There are several variations of Early Decision and Early Action at different colleges. Read the literature of each college carefully and ask questions if you do not understand the program entirely. JANUARY (SPRING TERM) ADMISSION Some colleges admit freshmen to begin study in the middle of the academic year. January admission may be an option worthy of investigation for students who might graduate a term or semester early from high school or for students who need additional courses and academic strengthening before entering college. Current college students who wish to transfer to another school may use this option. NEED-BLIND ADMISSION Need-blind refers to a current trend in admissions that does not examine an individual’s ability to pay as part of the selection process. OPEN ADMISSION Some colleges do not practice selective admission and offer admission to all students who apply. Such colleges usually have extensive programs designed to provide remedial or developmental help to students who enroll with academic deficiencies.
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Glossary of Terms
ADMISSIONS TERMS, continued REGULAR ADMISSIONS Many college admissions office timetables call for applications to be filed during the fall or early winter of the senior year. Supporting data (standardized test scores, high school records, and recommendations) are sent to the college at the student’s request. Members of the admissions office or admissions committee retreat from late February to late March to read the applications and to make decisions. Decisions are mailed to applicants from early to mid-April. Accepted applicants are required to notify the college they choose to attend no later than May 1st. ROLLING ADMISSIONS The process now used by most colleges in the country may vary in several ways. A college using rolling admissions will review applications as the “folders” (the application form and all supporting data) are completed and will return decisions within a few weeks after completion. Some colleges send decisions as soon as the folder is completed and reviewed, regardless of the time of the year. Other colleges will accumulate applications and send decisions only after a certain date (February 1st, for example). FINANCIAL AID TERMS AWARD LETTER The document issued by the college-based financial aid office to the student that indicates the type, amount, and disbursement dates of the funds awarded from various financial aid programs, and the conditions, which govern the award. CAMPUS-BASED FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS These are programs administered directly by the college, such as the College Work-Study Program and the National Direct Student Loan Program. COLLEGE WORK-STUDY PROGRAM College work-study is an award of part-time employment for students who demonstrate financial need. The maximum amount a student can earn under this program is determined by financial need.
EFC Expected family contribution. The EFC is the amount of college cost for which the family is responsible according to the needs analysis. FAFSA Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The FAFSA is a form completed by all applicants for federal student aid. In many states completion of the FAFSA is also sufficient to establish eligibility for state-sponsored aid programs. The form is free and must not be mailed prior to January 1 of the year for which a student is seeking financial assistance. NEEDS ANALYSIS This is the process used to evaluate an applicant’s financial situation to determine how much student aid he/she needs to help meet post-secondary educational expenses. SAR Student Aid Report. The SAR summarizes the information included on the FAFSA and provides the Estimated Family Contribution. Students should receive the SAR, in the mail or electronically, four to six weeks after the FAFSA is sent to the processor. The schools students listed on the application receive electronic copies of the SAR and use the information to determine a student’s eligibility for federal financial aid. SCHOLARSHIP A scholarship is a form of financial assistance that does not require repayment and is usually made to a student who shows potential for distinction, usually in academic or athletic performance. UNMET NEED Unmet need is the cost of education minus the total financial aid award and the expected family contribution. WORK-STUDY Work-study is an arrangement by which a student combines employment and college study. The employment may be an integral part of the academic program (as in cooperative education and internships) or simply as a means of paying for college (as in Federal Work-Study Program). HIGHER EDUCATION TERMS
CSS PROFILE College Scholarship Service Financial Profile. CSS is the financial aid division of the College Board. Colleges, universities, and scholarship programs use the CSS form to award private funds. There is a fee involved. CSS Profiles are available in the school counseling office.
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ASSOCIATE’S DEGREE An associate’s degree is a degree granted by a college or university after the satisfactory completion of a two-year, full-time program of study or its part-time equivalent. For example, Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS), and Associate of Applied Science (AAS).
Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
Glossary of Terms
HIGHER EDUCATION TERMS, continued BACHELOR’S DEGREE A bachelor’s degree is a four-year degree in a specified subject. For example, Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), and Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA). CAREER CERTIFICATE A focused occupational program which usually can be completed in less than two years.
SINGLE-SEX COLLEGE A single-sex college is a college in the United States that enrolls either men only or women only. UNDERGRADUATE DEGREES These degrees may be two-year (Associate’s) or four-year (Bachelor’s) degrees.
CAREER/TECHNICAL SCHOOLS A career or technical school offers specialized education programs usually leading directly to employment. Programs vary in length.
UNIVERSITY This is an institution which may be the same as a college but which usually offers graduate degrees in addition to undergraduate degrees. A university will generally have a larger student population, offer more degrees and have more research facilities than a college.
COLLEGE A college is an institution at which students study toward two- or four-year undergraduate degrees after completion of secondary school.
MISCELLANEOUS TERMS
COMMUNITY COLLEGE/JUNIOR COLLEGE The majority of these two-year institutions are public, though some are private (non-profit) or proprietary (profit making). These colleges award associate degrees at the completion of two years of full-time study. They frequently offer technical programs of study that prepare students for immediate entry into the job market. Many of these colleges offer general education programs that are equivalent to the first two years of a bachelor’s degree program. LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE A liberal arts college is a four-year institution which emphasizes a program of broad undergraduate education. Pre-professional or professional training may be available but is not stressed. A strong liberal arts program teaches students how to think in a variety of areas. MILITARY ACADEMY Federal military academies prepare officers for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. These institutions (e.g., U. S. Military Academy – West Point, U. S. Naval Academy – Annapolis, Air Force Academy – Colorado Springs, and U.S. Merchant Marine Academy – Kings Point) require a recommendation and an appointment by a state congressman. Private and state-supported military institutes (e.g., The Citadel, Virginia Military Institute), however, operate on a college application basis. They all offer degree programs in engineering and technology with concentrations in various aspects of military science.
Junior/Senior Career Planning Guide
ALUMNA An alumna is a female graduate of a specific college (plural female-alumnae). ALUMNUS An alumnus is a male graduate of a specific college (plural masculine-alumni). CO-OP PROGRAM A co-op program is a college sponsored work/internship program. FRESHMAN SEMINAR A freshman seminar is a course offered to freshmen students only that may assist them in making a successful transition. It may be a summer, week-long or first-semester program. GPA A grade point average is determined by dividing quality points by credit hours attempted. GREEK SYSTEM The Greek system refers to fraternities (male) and sororities (female) using Greek letters that are active campusbased organizations concerned with social, academic and philanthropic issues. MAJOR A major is the subject area(s) in which a student intends to specialize. Some students choose to double major.
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Glossary of Terms
MISCELLANEOUS TERMS, continued MINOR A minor is the subject area(s) in which a student tends to sub-specialize and may require fewer credit hours than a major.
STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES These on-campus services are designed to facilitate a student’s college experience and may include personal counseling, academic advising, career and college planning, and tutorial services.
R.O.T.C. Reserve Officer Training Corps. R.O.T.C. is military training offered on some college campuses.
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Hanover County Public Schools Career Planning Center
For More Information
Great Websites Career Exploration & Information www.adventuresineducation.org www.bls.gov www.doli.virginia.gov www.hanovercareers.org www.jobprofiles.org www.knowhowvirginia.org www.kudernavigator.com www.myfuture.com www.todaysmilitary.com www.vawizard.org www.vec.virginia.gov
College Information
www.act.org https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/ www.collegeboard.org www.collegenet.com www.mymajors.com www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator www.princetonreview.com www.schev.edu
Financial Aid Information www.fafsa.ed.gov www.fastweb.com www.finaid.org www.grasp4virginia.com www.nasfaa.org www.scholarships.com
These sites are provided for information only. Hanover County Public Schools does not endorse or take responsibility for the content of these Websites.
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