CATATAN WIESNU SANTIANA: April 2012 [PDF]

Apr 26, 2012 - Larutan buffer asetat yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menjaga pH larutan agar tetap berkisar pada pH 5 yan

14 downloads 22 Views 458KB Size

Recommend Stories


23-27 April 2012
I tried to make sense of the Four Books, until love arrived, and it all became a single syllable. Yunus

27 April 2012 Tempat
Stop acting so small. You are the universe in ecstatic motion. Rumi

April 2011 – March 2012
The only limits you see are the ones you impose on yourself. Dr. Wayne Dyer

N°19 - April 2012
Learning never exhausts the mind. Leonardo da Vinci

urban outfitters april 2012
Just as there is no loss of basic energy in the universe, so no thought or action is without its effects,

Welding Journal - April 2012
I cannot do all the good that the world needs, but the world needs all the good that I can do. Jana

April 2012 article
If your life's work can be accomplished in your lifetime, you're not thinking big enough. Wes Jacks

January - April 2012
Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it. Mich

Volume 8, April 2012
Be like the sun for grace and mercy. Be like the night to cover others' faults. Be like running water

Pulitzer Bogart Study April 2012
Come let us be friends for once. Let us make life easy on us. Let us be loved ones and lovers. The earth

Idea Transcript


Kamis, 26 April 2012

ARTIKEL POPULER

Tes Jurnal Praktikum Mikrobiologi Jilid IX (Hidrolisa Enzimatis) TES JURNAL IX HIDROLISA ENZIMATIS

Proposal Lumbung Padi Oleh : ihsan PROPOSAL PERMOHONAN BANTUAN PROGRAM LUMBUNG PANGAN DITUJUKAN KEPADA : TYH. GUBERNUR JAWA BARAT Cq. KEPALA BADAN KET... Leaching dengan NaCN Batuan emas/gold ore dibagi: Primer : emas terkat dalam batuan deposit dan menyebar merata/emas debu Sekunder : emas bebas Langkah-langk...

1. Apa tujuan praktikum kali ini? Mahasiswa mampu melakukan uji glukosa secara kuantitatif dengan metode DNS. Mahasiswa mampu melakukan uji glukosa secara kualitatif. Mahasiswa mampu menentukan parameter Michaelis Menten. 2. Apa yang Anda ketahui mengenai glukosa ? Glukosa (C6H 12O 6, berat molekul 180.18 gr/gmol) adalah heksosa monosakarida yang mengandung enam atom karbon. Glukosa merupakan aldehida (mengandung gugus -CHO). 3. Apa yang Anda ketahui mengenai selulosa ? Selulosa mendominasi karbohidrat yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan hampir mencapai 50% karena selulosa merupakan bagian yang terpenting dari dinding sel tumbuh-tumbuhan. Selulosa ditemukan di dalam tanaman yang dikenal sebagai microfibril dengan diameter 2 - 20 nm dan panjang 100 - 40000 nm. 4. Apa yang Anda ketahui mengenai enzim ? Enzim adalah satu atau beberapa gugus polipeptida (protein) yang berfungsi sebagai katalis (senyawa yang mempercepat proses reaksi tanpa habis bereaksi) dalam suatu reaksi kimia. Enzim bekerja dengan cara menempel pada permukaan molekul zat-zat yang bereaksi dan dengan demikian mempercepat proses reaksi. Percepatan terjadi karena enzim menurunkan energi pengaktifan yang dengan sendirinya akan mempermudah terjadinya reaksi. Berdasarkan strukturnya, enzim terdiri atas komponen yang disebut apoenzim yang berupa protein dan komponen lain yang disebut gugus prostetik yang berupa nonprotein. Gugus prostetik dibedakan menjadi koenzimdan kofaktor. Koenzim berupa gugus organik yang pada umumnya merupakan vitamin, seperti vitamin B1, B2, NAD + (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). Kofaktor berupa gugus anorganik yang biasanya berupa ion-ion logam, seperti Cu2+, Mg2+, dan Fe2+. Beberapa jenis vitamin seperti kelompok vitamin B merupakan koenzim. Jadi, enzim yang utuh tersusun atas bagian protein yang aktif yang disebut apoenzim dan koenzim, yang bersatu dan kemudian disebut holoenzim. Enzim memiliki beberapa sifat, yaitu: 1. Enzim adalah protein, karenanya enzim bersifat thermolabil, membutuhkan pH dan suhu yang tepat. 2. Enzim bekerja secara spesifik, dimana satu enzim hanya bekerja pada satu substrat. 3. Enzim berfungsi sebagai katalis, yaitu mempercepat terjadinya reaksi kimia tanpa mengubah kesetimbangan reaksi. 4. Enzim hanya diperlukan dalam jumlah sedikit. 5. Enzim dapat bekerja secara bolak-balik. 6. Kerja enzim dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, seperti oleh suhu, pH, konsentrasi, dan lainlain.

5. Apa yang Anda ketahui mengenai klasifikasi enzim ? Enzim terbagi menjadi berbagai kelompok, klasifikasi dari enzim, antara lain: · Hidrolase, yaitu sekumpulan enzim yang menguraikan suatu zat dengan pertolongan air. Berdasarkan substrat yang diuraikan, hidrolase dibagi atas karbohidrase, esterase, dan proteinase. · Karbohidrase, yaitu enzim-enzim yang menguraikan golongan karbohidrat. Menurut jenis karbohidrat yang diuraikannya, karbohidrase dibagi atas: · Amilase Enzim amilase dihasilkan oleh kelenjar ludah (parotis) di mulut dan kelenjar pankreas. Amilum sering dikenal dengan sebutan zat tepung atau pati. Amilum merupakan karbohidrat atau sakarida yang memiliki molekul kompleks. Enzim amilase memecah molekul amilum ini menjadi sakarida dengan molekul yang lebih sederhana yaitu maltosa. · Maltase Enzim maltase terdapat di usus dua belas jari, berfungsi memecah molekul maltosa menjadi molekul glukosa. Glukosa merupakan sakarida sederhana (monosakarida). Molekul glukosa berukuran kecil dan lebih ringan dari pada maltosa, sehingga darah dapat mengangkut glukosa untuk dibawa ke seluruh sel yang membutuhkan. · Sukrase, yaitu enzim yang mengubah sukrosa (gula tebu) menjadi glukosa dan fruktosa. · Laktase, yaitu enzim yang mengubah laktosa menjadi glukosa dan galaktosa. · Selulase, yaitu enzim yang menguraikan selulosa (suatu polisakarida) menjadi selobiosa (suatu disakarida). · Pektinase, yaitu enzim yang menguraikan pektin menjadi asam pektin. · Esterase, yaitu enzim-enzim yang memecah golongan ester. Contoh-contohnya: · Enzim lipase dihasilkan oleh kelenjar pankreas dan kemudian dialirkan ke dalam usus dua belas jari (duodenum). Enzim lipase juga dihasilkan oleh lambung, tetapi jumlahnya sangat sedikit. Lipid (seperti lemak dan minyak) merupakan senyawa dengan molekul kompleks yang berukuran besar. Molekul lipid tidak dapat diangkut oleh cairan getah bening, sehingga perlu dipecah lebih dahulu menjadi molekul yang lebih kecil. Enzim lipase memecah molekul lipid menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol yang memiliki molekul lebih sederhana dan lebih kecil. Asam lemak dan gliserol tidak larut dalam air, maka pengangkutannya dilakukan oleh cairan getah bening (limfe). · Fosfatase, yaitu enzim yang menguraikan suatu ester hingga terlepas asam fosfat. · Proteinase atau protease, yaitu enzim-enzim yang menguraikan golongan protein. Contohcontohnya: · Peptidase, yaitu enzim yang menguraikan peptida menjadi asam amino. · Gelatinase, yaitu enzim yang menguraikan gelatin. · Renin Enzim renin dihasilkan oleh kelenjar di dinding lambung. Fungsi enzim renin untuk mengendapkan kasein dari air susu. Kasein merupakan protein susu, sering disebut keju. Setelah kasein diendapkan dari air susu maka zat dalam air susu dapat dicerna. · Reduktase dan oksidase, yaitu sekumpulan enzim yang menolong dalam proses reduksi dan oksidasi. Berdasarkan substrat yang diuraikan, oksidase dibagi atas kelompok kecil dehidrogenase dan katalase. Dehidrogenase memegang peranan penting di dalam pengubahan zat-zat organik menjadi hasil-hasil oksidasi. Katalase menguraikan hidrogen peroksida menjadi air dan oksigen. · Desmolase, yaitu sekumpulan enzim yang menolong memutuskan ikatan C-C, C-N, dan beberapa ikatan lainnya. Berdasarkan substrat yang diuraikan desmolase dibagi atas kelompok kecil karboksilase dan transaminase. Karboksilase mengubah asam piruvat menjadi asetaldehida. Transaminase memindahkan gugusan amino dari suatu asam amino ke suatu asam organik sehingga yang terakhir ini berubah menjadi suatu asam amino. 6. Apa yang Anda ketahui mengenai enzim selulase ? 7. Apa alasan digunakannya kertas saring sebagai sampel ? Pada percobaan ini digunakan kertas saring sebagai bahan yang mengandung selulosa. Kandungan selulosa dalam kertas saring sekitar 80%. Selain itu kertas saring mudah didapat dan harganya murah. 8. Apakah bisa kertas saring diganti dengan bahan lain ? Bisa, yang terpenting bahan subtituen tersebut mengandung selulosa dalam jumlah besar. 9. Mengapa perlu ditambahkan buffer asetat ke dalam labu leher tiga ? Larutan buffer asetat yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menjaga pH larutan agar tetap berkisar pada pH 5 yang merupakan kondisi optimum bagi enzim selulase. 10. Mengapa suhu dalam labu leher tiga harus dipertahankan sekitar 500 C ? Karena pada suhu tersebut reaksi enzimatis berjalan secara optimum. Jika suhu larutan terlalu panas atau dingin maka enzim selulase tidak dapat menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa (enzim menjadi tidak aktif). 11. Apa saja yang Anda ketahui mengenai metode analisa kuantitatif glukosa ? Pada percobaan ini, dilakukan sampling setiap 20 menit sebanyak 5 L sampel. Setiap sampling diambil 3 mL untuk uji kuantitatif dan 2 mL untuk uji kualitatif. Pada uji kuantitatif akan digunakan metode DNS karena akan mengukur kadar glukosa dalam sampel. Metode ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan DNS sebanyak 3 mL pada sampel dan lakukan pemanasan selama ± 10 menit pada suhu ± 900 C. Penambahan larutan DNS dengan pemanasan ini bertujuan agar terbentuk larutan berwarna merah pada sampel yang mengandung gula pereduksi (glukosa) sehingga larutan tersebut dapat diukur dengan spektrofotometer karena larutan yang diukur dengan spektrofotometer harus memiliki warna jika berwarna bening maka tidak bisa diukur. Setelah itu, ditambahkan larutan garam Rochelle pada sampel. Kemudian, kadar glukosa diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang maksimum. 12. Apa tujuan penambahan garam Rochelle ? Untuk mengencerkan warna larutan yang sudah diberi larutan DNS karena warna yang terlalu pekat menyebabkan keakuratan hasil pembacaan spektrofotometer VIS menjadi berkurang. 13. Bagaimana dengan metode analisa kualitatif ? Pada uji kualitatif cukup dengan menambahkan larutan fehling pada sampel. Jika terdapat glukosa dalam sampel maka akan terbentuk endapan berwarna merah bata yang merupakan endapan tembaga (I) oksida (Cu2 O) yang dihasilkan dari reduksi tembaga (II) oksida (CuO) oleh glukosa yang

Bahan Batu akik aceh Keindahan batu2 alam lokal yang mempunyai daya jual yang sangat ekonomis,tersebar di nusantara....kalimantan selatan sudah dari awal memperk... Tes Jurnal Praktikum Mikrobiologi (Pengamatan Morfolgi Khamir dan Kapang) Tes Jurnal 1 (Praktikum Mikrobiologi) 1. Apa tujuan percobaan ini ? (biasanya akan ditanyakan pada siswa sebelah kiri dari posisi asisten... Batu akik kalimantan Bahan untuk batu akik dari kalimantan Plate and Frame Filter Press 1. Filtrasi Dalam proses filtrasi, partikel padatan yang tersuspensi dalam cairan dapat dipisahkan dengan menggunakan medium berpori yang d... Tes Jurnal Praktikum Mikrobiologi Jilid III (Pembuatan Media dan Sterilisasi) Jurnal Praktikum Mikrobiologi Seperti biasa, apakah tujuan dari praktikum kali ini ? Mahasiswa mampu melakukan penyiapan media untuk disteri... Pengeringan/ Drying Pengeringan atau dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Drying pada zat padat basah dengan suatu gas yang berada pada suhu dan kelembaban yang tetap... Hemasitometer Penentuan konsentrasi sel penting untuk mikrobiologi, biakan sel, dan banyak aplikasi yang membutuhkan penggunaan dari larutan sel. Seringka... Larutan Natrium Tiosulfat (Na2S2O3) Larutan natrium tiosulfat (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) termasuk dalam larutan baku sekunder , oleh karena itu, larutan yang akan digunakan dalam titrasi ...

Arsip Blog 2016 (1) 2015 (3) 2014 (7) 2013 (22) t 2012 (58) Desember (5) November (3) Mei (1) t April (10) Tes Jurnal Praktikum Mikrobiologi Jilid IX (Hidrol... Transport Processes and Separation Process Princip... Handbook of Industrial Drying Third Edition Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering (Indus... Handbook of Petroleum Processing Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology Handbook of Plastics Technologies: The Complete Gu... Handbook of Pollution Control and Waste Minimizati... Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Compos... Principle of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes -... Maret (7) Februari (12) Januari (20) 2011 (33)

NGOBROL ONLINE

404error URL

merupakan gula pereduksi. Bertambahnya endapan merah bata pada masing-masing sampel menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama glukosa yang terbentuk semakin banyak. 14. Apakah beda uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada percobaan ? Uji kuantitatif untuk mengetahui konsentrasi glukosa yang terbentuk, sedangkan uji kualitatif untuk mengetahui apakah sudah ada/ terbentuk glukosa. 15. Apakah ada uji kualitatif glukosa lain yang dapat digunakan ? Pada uji molisch, sebanyak 5ml larutan yang di uji (glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, laktosa, maltosa, dan pati) di masukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi, lalu ditambahkan 2 tetes pereaksi molish , dicampur rata, kemudian ditambahkan 3 ml asam sulfat pekat secara perlahan-lahan melalui dinding tabung, warna violet (ungu) kemerah-merahan pada batas kedua cairan menunjukkan reaksi positif, sedangkan warna hijau menunjukan reaksi negatif. Untuk uji Benedict, sebanyak 5 ml reaksi Benedict dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi, kemudian ditambahkan 8 tetes larutan bahan yang diuji dicampur rata dan dididihkan selama 5 menit, biarkan sampai dingin kemudian diamati perubahan warnanya, jika terbentuk warna hijau, kuning atau endapan merah bata berarti positif. Pada uji barfoed, sebanyak 1 ml pereaksi dan bahan percobaan dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi kemudian dipanaskan dalam air mendidih selama 3 menit dan didinginkan, setelah itu masukkan 1 ml fosfomoliubdat , kocok dan amati warna yang tejadi, jika terbentuk warna biru setelah penambahan fosfomolibdat, maka reaksi positif. Pada uji fermentasi, 20 ml larutan bahan percobaan dan 2gram ragi roti digerus sampai terbentuk suspensi yang homogen , kemudian suspensi diisikan ke dalam tabung fermentasi sampai bagian kaki tertutup dan terisi penuh oleh cairan. Selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam fermentor pada suhu 370C, kemudian diamati setiap selang 20 menit sebanyak 3 kali pengamatan. Pada pengamatan terakhir, ruang gas pada kaki tabung diukur panjangnya. Untuk uji salliwanof, 5 ml peraksi dan beberapa tetes bahan percobaan dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah tabung reaksi, lalu dididihkan selama 30 detik, kemudian diamati warna yang terjadi. Pada uji osazon, ke dalam tabung reaksi di masukkan campuran fenil hidrazon Na-asetat kering lalu ditambahkan 5 ml larutan percobaan, dikocok dan dipanaskan dalam penangas air selama 30 menit, kemudian dinginkan dan diperiksa endapan yang terbentuk di bawah mikroskop. Pada uji iod, pada papan uji diteteskan bahan yang akan diuji, kemudian ditambahkan dengan satu tetes iodium encer, dan dicampur merata. Hanya pada uji sellinawof dan iod, larutan yang mengandung glukosa memberikan hasil negatif 16. Apa itu reagen DNS? DNS merupakan reagen yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan uji kuantitatif glukosa. Untuk membuat DNS, 100 mL larutan NaOH 2 M yang mengandung 5 % (b/v) asam 3,5-dinitrosalisilat dicampurkan dengan 250 mL 60 % (b/v) natrium kalium tartrat. Reagen ini berfungsi untuk memberikan warna pada larutan, sehingga dapat terbaca oleh spektrofotometer vis yang membaca dari warna larutan tersebut. 17. Karena menggunakan spektrofotometer vis, larutan blanko dan larutan induk apa yang digunakan? larutan blanko Pada percobaan kali ini blanko yang dibuat ada 2 macam. Blanko I digunakan pada saat pembuatan kurva standar glukosa. blanko II digunakan pada saat pengukuran sampel. Hal ini dikarenakan pada saat pembuatan kurva standar glukosa digunakan aquades namun pada pengukuran sampel digunakan larutan buffer asetat. Blanko I dibuat dengan cara memasukkan 3 mL aquades ke dalam tabung reaksi kemudian ditambahkan DNS lalu dipanaskan selama 5 menit kemudian ditambahkan 1 mL garam rochelle. Blanko II dibuat dengan cara memasukkan 3 mL larutan buffer asetat ke dalam tabung reaksi kemudian ditambahkan 3 mL DNS lalu dipanaskan selama 5 menit kemudian ditambahkan 1 mL garam Rochelle. 18. Mengapa setelah sekian waktu, sampel yang telah terambil diletakkan pada ice bath? Untuk menghentikan proses hidrolisa dari selulosa. suhu yang rendah mengakibatkan enzin tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik sehingga proses hidrolisa terhenti dan didapatkan hasil hidrolisa selama sekian waktu 19. Apa beda konstanta Ks dan Km ? Km merupakan konstanta Michaelis-Menten yang didapatkan dari percobaan menggunakan enzim, sedangkan Ks merupakan konstanta kejenuhan substrat yang didapat pada percobaan kinetika pertumbuhan bakteri. Pelajari juga cara kerja dan apa itu Parameter Michaelis-Menten

BACA JUGA : Parameter Michaelis-Menten DOWNLOAD .DOCX VERSION Baca Selengkapnya.. Diposting oleh wiesnu santiana di 02.25

Tidak ada komentar:



Suka 0

Label: mikrobiologi, praktikum mikrobiologi

Selasa, 24 April 2012

Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles Geankoplis Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles Geankoplis Free PDF Download

Excerpt Preface The title of this text has been changed from Transport Processes and Unit Operations to Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations). This was done because the term "unit operations" has been largely superseded by the term "separation processes," which better reflects the modern nomenclature being used. In this fourth edition, the main objectives and the format of the third edition remain the same. The sections on momentum transfer have been greatly expanded, especially the sections on fluidized beds, flow meters, mixing, and non-Newtonian fluids. Material has been added to the chapters on mass transfer. The chapters on absorption, distillation, and liquid-liquid extraction have also been enlarged. More new material has been added to the sections on ion exchange and crystallization. The chapter on membrane separation processes has been greatly expanded, especially for gasmembrane theory. The field of chemical engineering involved with physical and physical-chemical changes of inorganic and organic materials and, to some extent, biological materials is overlapping more and more with the other process-engineering fields of ceramic engineering, process metallurgy, agricultural food engineering, wastewater-treatment (civil) engineering, and bioengineering. The principles of momentum, heat, and mass transport and the separation processes are widely used in these processing fields. The principles of momentum transfer and heat transfer have been taught to all engineers. The study of mass transfer has been limited primarily to chemical engineers. However, engineers in other fields have become more interested in mass transfer in gases, liquids, and solids. Since chemical and other engineering students must study so many topics today, a more unified introduction to the transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass transfer and to the applications of separation processes is provided. In this text the principles of the transport processes are covered first, and then the separation processes (unit operations). To accomplish this, the text is divided into two main parts.

PART 1: Transport Processes: Momentum, Heat, and Mass This part, dealing with fundamental principles, includes the following chapters: 1. Introduction to Engineering Principles and Units; 2. Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances; 3. Principles of Momentum Transfer and Applications; 4. Principles of Steady-State Heat Transfer; 5. Principles of Unsteady-State Heat Transfer; 6. Principles of Mass Transfer; and 7. Principles of Unsteady-State and Convective Mass Transfer.

PART 2: Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations) This part, dealing with applications, covers the following separation processes: 8. Evaporation; 9. Drying of Process Materials; 10. Stage and Continuous Gas-Liquid Separation Processes (humidification, absorption); 11. Vapor-Liquid Separation Processes (distillation); 12. Liquid-Liquid and Fluid-Solid Separation Processes (adsorption, ion exchange, extraction, leaching, crystallization); 13. Membrane Separation Processes (dialysis, gas separation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration); 14. Mechanical-Physical Separation Processes (filtration, settling, centrifugal separation, mechanical size reduction). In Chapter 1 elementary principles of mathematical and graphical methods, laws of chemistry and physics, material balances, and heat balances are reviewed. Many readers, especially chemical engineers, may be familiar with most of these principles and may omit all or parts of this chapter. A few topics, primarily those concerned with the processing of biological materials, may be omitted at the discretion of the reader or instructor; these include Sections 5.5, 6.4, 8.7, 9.11, and 9.12. Over 240 example or sample problems and over 550 homework problems on all topics are included in the text. Some of the homework problems involve biological systems, for those readers who are especially interested in that area. This text may be used for a course of study following any of the following five suggested plans. In all plans, Chapter 1 may or may not be included. 1. Study of transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass and separation processes. In this plan, most of the entire text, covering the principles of the transport processes in Part 1 and the separation processes in Part 2, is covered. This plan would be applicable primarily to chemical engineering as well as to other process-engineering fields in a one-and-one-half-year course of study at the junior and/or senior level. 2. Study of transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass and selected separation processes. Only the elementary sections of Part 1 (the principles chapters—2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) are covered, plus selected separation-processes topics in Part 2 applicable to a particular field, in a two-semester or three-quarter course. Students in environmental engineering, food process engineering, and process metallurgy could follow this plan. 3. Study of transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass. The purpose of this plan in a twoquarter or two-semester course is to obtain a basic understanding of the transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass transfer. This involves studying sections of the principles chapters—2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in Part 1—and omitting Part 2, the applied chapters on separation processes. 4. Study of separations processes. If the reader has had courses in the transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass, Chapters 2-7 can be omitted and only the separation processes chapters in Part 2 studied in a one-semester or two-quarter course. This plan could be used by chemical and certain other engineers. 5. Study of mass transfer. For those such as chemical or mechanical engineers who have had momentum and heat transfer, or those who desire only a background in mass transfer in a onequarter or one-semester course, Chapters 6, 7, and 10 would be covered. Chapters 9, 11, 12, and 13 might be covered optionally, depending on the needs of the reader. Different schools and instructors differ on the use of computers in engineering courses. All of the equations and homework problems in this text can be solved by using ordinary hand-held computers. However, more complicated problems involving numerical integration, finite-difference calculations, steady- and unsteady-state two-dimensional diffusion and conduction, and so on, can easily be solved with a computer using spreadsheets. Almost all undergraduate students are proficient in their use. The SI (Systeme International d'Unites) system of units has been adopted by the scientific community. Because of this, the SI system of units has been adopted in this text for use in the equations, example problems, and homework problems. However, the most important equations derived in the text are also given in a dual set of units, SI and English, when different. Many example and homework problems are also given using English units. Christie John Geankoplis (Source : http://www.powells.com)

DOWNLOAD HERE Baca Selengkapnya.. Diposting oleh wiesnu santiana di 08.50

Tidak ada komentar:



Suka 0

Label: ebook, ebook gratis, free download ebook

Handbook of Industrial Drying Third Edition Handbook of Industrial Drying Third Edition Free PDF Download

FEATURES Provides comprehensive coverage of conventional, emerging, and potential drying technologies worldwide Traces the latest industrial trends along with the technologies and practices designed to follow them Covers drying technologies from all industrial sectors as well as safety, energy efficiency, cost, and control aspects Includes new and extensively rewritten chapters as well as updated material throughout the book Compiles the work of leading international experts from 20 countries along with references to the most current literature SUMMARY

Still the Most Complete, Up-To-Date, and Reliable Reference in the Field Drying is a highly energy-intensive operation and is encountered in nearly all industrial sectors. With rising energy costs and consumer demands for higher quality dried products, it is increasingly important to be aware of the latest developments in industrial drying technologies. For two decades, Mujumdar’s industry-standard Handbook of Industrial Drying has been the quintessential source of state-of-the-art information in the field, and this third edition is no exception. New in the Third Edition Covering everything from the fundamentals of drying to the latest dryer types, nearly two-thirds of this edition comprises new material at the vanguard of research and industrial practice. In addition to several rewritten and many more revised chapters, new chapters cover such topics as: Spreadsheet-aided dryer design Indirect and pneumatic drying Drying of fish and seafood, grain, herbal medicines, and tea Drying of nanosize products, enzymes, and textiles Dewatering and drying of wastewater treatment sludge Heat pump drying and industrial crystallization Solid–liquid separation for pretreatment Providing important data along with the experience, insight, and practical know-how contributed by experts from around the world, the Handbook of Industrial Drying, Third Edition remains the definitive reference to the complete spectrum of current and emerging industrial drying technologies. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fundamental Aspects Principles, Classification, and Selection of Dryers; Arun. S. Mujumdar Experimental Techniques in Drying; Károly Molnár Basic Process Calculations and Simulations in Drying; Zdzislaw Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar Transport Properties in the Drying of Solids; D. Marinos-Kouris and Z.B. Maroulis New! Spreadsheet-Aided Dryer Design; Z.B. Maroulis, G.D. Saravacos, and Arun S. Mujumdar Description of Various Dryer Types New! Indirect Dryers; Sakamon Devahastin and Arun S. Mujumdar Rotary Drying; M. Krokida, D. Marinos-Kouris, and Arun S. Mujumdar Fluidized Bed Drying; Chung Lin Law and Arun S. Mujumdar Drum Dryers; Wan Ramli Wan Doud Industrial Spray Drying Systems; Iva Filková, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar Freeze Drying; Athanasios I. Liapis and Roberto Bruttini Microwave and Dielectric Drying; Robert F. Schiffmann Solar Drying; Lászlo Imre Spouted Bed Drying; Elizabeth Pallai, Tibar Szentmarjay, and Arun S. Mujumdar Impingement Drying; Arun S. Mujumdar Pneumatic and Flash Drying; Irene Borde and Avi Levy Conveyor Dryers; D. Poirier Infrared Drying; Cristina Ratti and Arun S. Mujumdar Superheated Steam Drying; Arun S. Mujumdar Special Drying Techniques and Novel Dryers; Tadeusz Kudra and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying in Various Industrial Sectors Drying of Foodstuffs; Shahab Sokhansanj and Digvir S. Jayas New! Drying of Fish and Seafood; M. Shafiur Rahman New! Grain Drying; Vijaya G.S. Raghavan and V. Sosle New! Grain Property Values and Their Measurement; Digvir S. Jayas and S. Cenkowski Drying of Fruits and Vegetables; K.S. Jayaraman and D.K. Das Gupta New! Drying of Herbal Medicines and Tea; Guohua Chen and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Potato, Peanuts, and Other Roots; Shyam S. Sablani and Arun S. Mujumdar Osmotic Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables; Piotr P. Lewicki and A. Lenart Drying of Pharmaceutical Products; Zdzislaw Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar New! Drying of Nanosize Products; Baohe Wang, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Ceramics; Yoshinori Itaya, Shigekatsu Mori, and Masanobu Hasatani Drying of Peat and Biofuels; Roland Wimmerstedt Drying of Fibrous Materials; Roger B. Keey New! Drying of Textile Products; Wallace W. Carr, H. Stephen Lee, and Hyunyoung Ok Drying of Pulp and Paper; Osman Polat and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Wood: Principles and Practices; Patrick Perré and Roger Keey Drying in Mineral Processing; Arun S. Mujumdar New! Dewatering and Drying of Waste Water Treatment Sludge; Guohua Chen, Po Lock Yue, and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Biotechnological Products; Janusz Adamiec, Wladyslaw Kaminski, Adam S. Markowski, and Creslaw Strumillo Drying of Coated Webs; James Y. Hung, Richard J. Wimberger, and Arun S. Mujumdar Drying of Polymers; Arun S. Mujumdar and Mainul Hasan New! Drying of Enzymes; Ana M.R. Pilosof and Virginia E. Sánchez Drying of Coal; Jerzy Pikon and Arun S. Mujumdar Miscellaneous Topics in Industrial Drying Dryer Feeding Systems; Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar Dryer Emission Control Systems; Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar Energy Aspects in Drying; Creslaw Strumillo, P.L. Jones, and Romuald Zylla New! Heat Pump Drying Systems; Chou Siaw Kiang and Chua Kian Jon Safety Aspects of Industrial Dryers; Adam S. Markowski and Arun S. Mujumdar Control of Industrial Dryers; Rami Y. Jumah, Arun S. Mujumdar, and Vijaya G.S. Raghavan New! Solid–Liquid Separation for Pretreatment for Drying Operation; Mompei Shirato and Masashi Iwata New! Industrial Crystallization; Seppo Palosaari, Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen, and Zuoliang Sha New! Frying of Foods; V. Oreopoulou, M. Krokida, and D. Marinos–Kouris Cost-Estimation Methods for Drying; Zbigniew T. Sztabert and Tadeusz Kudra Index (Source :http://www.crcpress.com)

DOWNLOAD HERE

Baca Selengkapnya..

Diposting oleh wiesnu santiana di 08.36

Tidak ada komentar:



Suka 0

Label: ebook, ebook gratis, free download ebook

Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering (Industrial Innovation Series) Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering (Industrial Innovation Series) Free PDF Download

DESCRIPTION Winner of the 2010 IIE/Joint Publishers Book-of-the-Year Award. In light of increasing economic and international threats, military operations must be examined with a critical eye in terms of process design, management, improvement, and control. Although the Pentagon and militaries around the world have utilized industrial engineering (IE) concepts to achieve this goal for decades, there has been no single resource to bring together IE applications with a focus on improving military operations. Until now. The Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering is the first compilation of the fundamental tools, principles, and modeling techniques of industrial engineering with specific and direct application to military systems. Globally respected IE experts provide proven strategies that can help any military organization effectively create, adapt, utilize, and deploy resources, tools, and technology. Topics covered include: Supply Chain Management and decision making Lean Enterprise Concepts for military operations Modeling and optimization Economic planning for military systems Contingency planning and logistics Human factors and ergonomics Information management and control Civilian engineers working on systems analysis, project management, process design, and operations research will also find inspiration and useful ideas on how to effectively apply the concepts covered for non-military uses. On the battlefield and in business, victory goes to those who utilize their resources most effectively, especially in times of operational crisis. The Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering is a complete reference that will serve as an invaluable resource for those looking to make the operational improvements needed to accomplish the mission at hand

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments Editors Contributors PART I: Executive Summary Executive Summary: Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering, A. Badiru PART II: Modeling and Optimization Optimizing a Physical Security Configuration Using a Highly Detailed Simulation Model, T. Marechal, A. Smith, V. Ustun, J. Smith, and E. Lefeber A Time-window Constrained Scheduling of Target Illuminators in Naval Battle-group Antiair Warfare, Y. Lee and H. Sherali Multiple Criteria Optimization Models for Supplier Selection, A. Ravindran and V. Wadhwa Probabilistic Modeling for UAV Path Planning in the Presence of Threat Zones, B. Pfeiffer, R. Batta, K. Klamroth, and R. Nagi Modeling the End-to-End Military Transportation Problem, J. Moore, J. Barnes, and R. Hill New Advances in Solving the Weapon--Target Assignment Problem, R. Ahuja, A. Kumar, K. Jha, and J. Orlin Optimization Model for Military Budget Allocation and Capital Rationing, A. Badiru and C. Aikens An Overview of Meta-heuristics and their use in Military Modeling, R. Hill and E. Pohl PART III: Reliability and Maintenance Recent Advances in Optimal Reliability Allocation, W. Kuo and R. Wan Lower Confidence Bounds for System Reliability from Binary Failure Data using Bootstrapping, L. Leemis Assessing the Reliability of a Contingency Logistics Network, M. Thomas Computing Small-fleet Aircraft Availabilities including Redundancy and Spares, J. Cochran and T. Lewis High Velocity Maintenance: The Role of Industrial Engineering in USAF Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul, D. Keene, F. Dement, and G. O'Neill Beyond Authorized versus Assigned: Aircraft Maintenance Personnel Capacity, J. Howe, B. Thoele, S. Pendley, A. Antoline, and R. Golden PART IV: Contingency Planning and Logistics Joint and Multinational Campaign Planning: A Project/Program Management Approach, R. Deckro, J. Moore, M. Fredley, J. Jackson, M. Artelli, and J. Van Hove Mobilizing Marine Corps Officers, D. Bausch, G. Brown, D. Hundley, S. Rapp, and R. Rosenthal The Deployment Scheduling Analysis Tool (DSAT), T. Hodgson, B. Melendez, K. Thoney, and T. Trainor The Deployment Analysis Network Tool Extended (DANTE), T. Hodgson, W. Spivey, T. Trainor, and M. Williams Reserve Manufacturing Capacity for Augmenting Contingency, Logistics Requirements, M. Thomas and M. Lawley Inventory Models for Contingency Operations, M. Thomas Planning the Ground Force for Operations in the Post Cold War Era: A Systems Analysis Approach, W. Cherry, R. Huber, and T. Hodgson PART V: Supply Chain and Decision Making Supply Chain Management, D. Lambert Hierarchical Dynamic Decision Making, A. Badiru PART VI: Human Factors and Ergonomics Human Factors in Military Systems, M. Blue and R. Hill Digital Warfighter Modeling for Military Applications, K. Abdel-Malek, J. Yang, T. Marler, and J. Arora PART VII: Management and Process Improvement Achieving Strategic Aims: Moving Toward a Process-based Government Enterprise, G. Freeman The Military Performance Team, J. Brogan How to Initiate Performance Management within the US Army, J. Brogan Critical Resource Diagramming and Work Rate Analysis, A. Badiru Innovative Techniques and Practical Software Tools for Addressing Military Analytical Problems, B. Foote and S. Goerger Countering Forgetting Through Training and Deployment, M. Jaber, H. Kher, and D. Davis Half-life Theory of Learning Curves, A. Badiru and A. Ijaduola Readiness for Organizational Change: The Systematic Development of a Scale, D. Holt, A. Armenakis, H. Feild, and S. Harris Appendix A Appendix A-1 Index

(Source : http://www.fishpond.com.au)

DOWNLOAD HERE Baca Selengkapnya.. Diposting oleh wiesnu santiana di 08.26

Tidak ada komentar:



Suka 0

Label: ebook, ebook gratis, free download ebook

Senin, 23 April 2012

Handbook of Petroleum Processing Handbook of Petroleum Processing Free Download PDF

DESCRIPTION This reference work targets researchers who have chosen a career in this complex but essential industry as well as people who are new in the industry and are looking for easy references to the work in which they are involved. This Handbook is an essential addition to the libraries of universities which contain a chemical engineering faculty as well as to the libraries of engineering construction companies, and oil refineries. This Handbook describes and discusses the features that make up the petroleum refining industry. It begins with a description of the crude oils and their nature. It continues with the saleable products from the refining processes, with a review of the modern day environmental impact. There is a complete overview of the processes that make up the refinery with a brief history of the processes. It also describes design technique, operation, and, in the case of catalytic units, the chemistry of the reaction routes. These discussions are supported by calculation procedures and examples, sufficient to enable good input to modern computer simulation packages. The Handbook also covers off-sites and utilities, as well as environmental and safety aspects relevant to the industry. The chapter on refinery planning covers both operational planning and the decision making procedures for new or revamped processes. Finally, the major items of equipment used in the industry are reviewed. This chapter gives a detail of the equipment with examples of the process specifications for these items. The final chapter is in part a glossary and in part a dictionary of the terms and expressions used in Petroleum Refining. This part of the book also includes an appendix section with an item on much used data such as converging factors, selected crude oil assays and an example of optimising a refinery configuration using linear programming.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. Part 1: Handbook of petroleum processing. An introduction to crude oil and its processing. Petroleum products. Part 2: The refining processes.- The atmospheric and vacuum crude oil distillation units.- The light end units.The catalytic reforming process.- The fluid catalytic cracking process.- The distillate hydro cracking process.The hydro-treating processes.- The production of gasoline precursors.- The refinery gas treating processes.Upgrading residues.- The non energy refineries. The support services common to most refineries. The refinery environmental issues. Handling hazardous materials and safety. Quality control of refinery products. Refinery planning, economics, and handling new projects.- An introduction to economic analysis. Process equipment in petroleum refining. Appendices: Examples of working flow sheets. General data. A selecton of crude oil assays. Conversion factors. An example of an exercies using linear programming. Part 3: Dictionary of terms and expressions AUTHORS AND EDITORS

The editor S.Jones is a retired chemical engineer having spent 10 years in BP's Refinery, 4 years in BP Research and Development, 2 years in Esso's Refinery Development Dept, 18 years in Process Engineering with Fluor Corporation (Final position general manageroperations), 8 years as private engineering consultant in SA. Retired in 1992. The assistant editor P.R.Pujado was the Assistant Lecturer at the University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, 1971-1972; Development Engineer (SA Cros), 19721975; Process Coordinator-Aromatics (UOP LLC), 1975-1980; Manager, Marketing ServicesPetrochemicals (UOP LLC), 1980-1990; R&D Fellow-Olefins production and processing (UOP LLC), 1990-present.

DOWNLOAD HERE Baca Selengkapnya.. Diposting oleh wiesnu santiana di 07.36

Tidak ada komentar:



Suka 0

Label: ebook, ebook gratis, free download ebook

Postingan Lebih Baru

Beranda

Postingan Lama

Langganan: Postingan (Atom) KIRIM ARTIKEL GRATIS Selamat Datang Di Catatan Wiesnu Santiana Bagi teman-teman yang meiliki ide atau aspirasi apa saja dan ingin berbagi dengan teman-teman yang lainnya, saya Wiesnu Santiana mengajak Anda untuk berpartisipasi mencurahkan fikirannya di blog ini. Caranya cukup mudah yaitu silahkan Anda isi Nama dan Email dahulu untuk masuk ke area Pengiriman Artikel kemudian klik tombol MASUK dan kemudian silahkan ikuti langkah selanjutnya di Area Pengiriman Artikel. Terima kasih..! Hormat Saya Wiesnu Santiana Masukan Nama dan Email Anda yang valid pada form di bawah ini: Nama :

Email :

Masukan Kode :

MASUK Powered by Tasik Blogger

Diberdayakan oleh Blogger.

Mengenai Saya

wiesnu santiana Ikuti

10

Lihat profil lengkapku

Total Tayangan Halaman

26,907

Smile Life

When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile

Get in touch

© Copyright 2015 - 2024 PDFFOX.COM - All rights reserved.