Chapter 7 Part I [PDF]

Mrs. Meer Chemistry

Name______________________ #_______ Date_____________ Period_____________

Chapter 7 Part I

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Types of Chemical Compounds  Classify the following compounds as ionic or molecular (covalent). 1. CaCl2 _______ionic________

11. MgO ____________________

2. CO2 ____________________

12. NH4Cl ____________________

3. H2O ____________________

13. Sr(NO3)2 ____________________

4. Na2SO4 ____________________

14. KI ____________________

5. K2O ____________________

15. Ba(OH)2 ____________________

6. NaF ____________________

16. NO2 ____________________

7. Na2CO3 ____________________

17. Ca3(PO4)2 ____________________

8. CH4 ____________________

18. FeCl3 ____________________

9. Mg(NO3)2 ____________________

19. P2O5 ____________________

10. LiBr ____________________

20. N2O3 ____________________

Binary Ionic Compounds – Compounds with monatomic ions in it, a metallic ion and a nonmetallic ion. This allows only two types of atoms in the formula. Ex: Rb2O Ternary Ionic Compounds – Compounds with at least one polyatomic ion in it. This allows three or more types of atoms in the formula. Ex: RbNO3

Classify the following compounds as binary ionic or ternary ionic.

21. KOH ____ternary ionic___________

26. Na2Cr2O7 _______________________

22. CoO _________________________

27. MgSO4 _________________________

23. Fe(NO3)2 _______________________

28. Cu2S _________________________

24. MgH2 _________________________

29. SnO2 _________________________

25. Cs2S _________________________

30. NH4NO3 ________________________ 2

Naming Ions Polyatomic Ions Rule: Look up the name or symbol from your polyatomic ion sheet. Example 1:

ammonium ion ____________________

Example 2:

NO3- ____________________

Example 3:

NO2- ____________________

Monatomic Ions • CATIONS Rule A: If the atom always forms the same charge when forming an ion, (all group 1, group 2, and Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, & Al3+), take the name of the atom that the ion is formed from, and add “ion”. Example 4:

Na+

Example 5:

Mg2+ ____________________

Example 6:

aluminum ion ____________________

____________________

Rule B: If the atom can form more than one charge when forming an ion, (any of the transition metals and any metals underneath the staircase), take the name of the atom that the ion is formed from, place the charge as a Roman numeral in parentheses, and then add “ion”. Example 7: Pb2+ _________________

Example 9: copper(I) ion __________

Example 8: Fe2+ _________________

Example 10: copper(II) ion _________

Try These: 11. Rb+ ____________________

15. Fe3+ ____________________

12. Ca2+ ____________________

16. cobalt(II) ion _________________

13. Ni+ ____________________

17. lithium ion ________________

14. Ag+ ____________________

18. zinc ion _________________ 3

•

ANIONS

Rule: Take the nonmetal atom name, remove the ending and add “-ide ion” to it. Example 21: S2- ____________________ Example 22: N3- ____________________ Example 23: bromide ion ____________________ Example 24: telluride ion ____________________

YOU TRY IT! 25. iodide ion ____________________ 26. selenide ion ____________________ 27. F- ____________________ 28. O2- ____________________

Let’s Compare some ions: N3- ____________________ NO2- ____________________ NO3- ____________________ sulfide ion ____________________ sulfite ion ____________________ sulfate ion ____________________ 4

Understanding Ion Nomenclature  IONS

CATIONS

MONATOMIC

ANIONS

POLYATOMIC

MONATOMIC

POLYATOMIC

*one possible charge *Groups 1 & 2 and others

*more than one possible charge

*few

*ends in –IDE

*ends in –ITE -ATE or –IDE (a few)

Na+ sodium ion Ca2+calcium ion Ag+ silver ion Zn2+ zinc ion Cd2+ cadmium ion Al3+ aluminum ion

Fe2+ iron(II) ion Fe3+ iron(III) ion Cu+ copper(I) ion Cu2+ copper(II) ion

NH4+ ammonium ion

Cl- chloride ion O2- oxide ion N3- nitride ion

SO32- sulfite ion SO42- sulfate ion CN- cyanide ion

Monatomic cation with one possible charge – Name of atom and add “ion” Monatomic cation with more than one possible charge – Name of atom, with charge as Roman numeral in parentheses, and add “ion” Monatomic anion – Name of atom, remove ending, and add “-ide ion” Polyatomic ions – no naming rules…just know them.

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Ions ‐ Worksheet  Name the following ions. 1. Ca2+ ______________________________ 2. O2- ______________________________ 3. H+ ______________________________ 4. H- ______________________________ 5. Cu+ ______________________________ 6. Fe3+ ______________________________ 7. CO32- ______________________________ 8. NH4+ ______________________________ 9. Zn2+ ______________________________ 10. N3- ______________________________

Write the formulas for the following ions. 11. acetate ion ______________________________ 12. phosphide ion ______________________________ 13. phosphate ion ______________________________ 14. iron(II) ion ______________________________ 15. strontium ion ______________________________ 16. nickel(II) ion ______________________________ 17. tin(II) ion ______________________________ 18. sulfate ion ______________________________ 19. sulfite ion ______________________________ 20. sulfide ion ______________________________ 6

Ionic Compound Nomenclature 

ALL COMPOUNDS ARE NEUTRAL! When ions combine, they will form neutral compounds. These formulas are written in the lowest, whole-number ratio. These lowest, whole-number ratios are called “formula units”. An ionic compound is often referred to as a “salt”. One of the most common ionic compounds is NaCl. This is why we usually refer to it as salt or table salt. When determining the formula for an ionic compound, determine the charges of each ion and be sure to combine them so that the number of positive charges is equal in magnitude to the number of negative charges. Example:

Al2O3 - aluminum oxide

It is made of two Al3+ ions (aluminum ions) and three O2- ions (oxide ions). 2 Al3+ ions would make a total positive charge of +6. 3 O2- ions would make a total negative charge of -6. This makes a neutral compound.

Ionic Compounds are named after the ions they contain. Example: CaI2 This contains 1 Ca2+ ion and 2 I- ions. They are written in a 1:2 ratio in the compound so it is neutral. However, when naming the compound, just write the names of the two types of ions. So the name is calcium iodide. Example: MnO2 This contains 1 Mn+4 ion and 2 O2- ions. I had to determine the charge on the Mn. It is a transition metal and needs a roman numeral in its name. I first looked at the O and knew it was a 2-. I then thought that if there were two 2- ions, then that would be a total negative charge of 4-. In order to make a neutral compound, the positives would have to add up to 4+. If there is only one Mn in the compound, then its entire charge would be 4+. So, the compound is made of manganese(IV) ions and oxide ions. The name is manganese (IV) oxide. Example: copper (I) sulfide This contains Cu+ ions and S2- ions. Two Cu+ ions are needed for each S2- ion, making Cu2S. 7

Binary Ionic Compounds – Worksheet #1  A. Write the formulas for the compounds formed from these elements. Remember, the cation is always written first. 1. rubidium and iodine ___________

5. sulfur and sodium ___________

2. barium and chlorine ___________

6. aluminum and oxygen ___________

3. lithium and selenium ___________

7. silver and phosphorus ___________

4. nitrogen and magnesium ____________

8. fluorine and zinc ___________

B. Write the names for these binary ionic compounds. 9. Cs2S ____________________________

16. FeF3 ___________________________

10. BaO ___________________________

17. Mg3N2 _________________________

11. AlI3 ____________________________

18. Ni3P2 ___________________________

12. MnO2 __________________________

19. UO2 ___________________________

13. Tc3P4 __________________________

20. HF ____________________________

14. CdBr2 __________________________

21. CoN ___________________________

15. NaCl ___________________________

22. K2S ____________________________

C. Write the formulas for these binary ionic compounds. 23. rubidium sulfide _______________

30. europium(II) nitride ______________

24. mercury(II) oxide _______________

31. cesium phosphide _______________

25. calcium nitride _______________

32. lead(II) chloride _______________

26. zinc bromide _______________

33. cadmium oxide _______________

27. uranium(VI) fluoride ______________

34. tin(IV) fluoride _______________

28. silver phosphide _______________

35. iron(II) oxide _______________

29. platinum(II) selenide ______________

36. iron(III) oxide _______________

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Binary Ionic Compounds – Worksheet #2  If the name of the compound is given, write the formula. If the formula of the compound is given, write the name.

1. KBr ________________________________________ 2. V2O5 ________________________________________ 3. cobalt(III) oxide ________________________________________ 4. barium phosphide ________________________________________ 5. cadmium nitride ________________________________________ 6. Cu3P ________________________________________ 7. Ag2S ________________________________________ 8. Sn3N4 ________________________________________ 9. radium iodide ________________________________________ 10. beryllium selenide ________________________________________ 11. Fe2S3 ________________________________________ 12. SrO ________________________________________ 13. CrCl2 ________________________________________ 14. mercury(II) fluoride ________________________________________ 15. lead(IV) bromide ________________________________________ 16. CuSe ________________________________________ 17. FeP ________________________________________ 18. lithium oxide ________________________________________ 19. cobalt(III) fluoride ________________________________________ 20. CdI2 ________________________________________

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Ternary Ionic Compounds ‐ Worksheet  If the name of the compound is given, write the formula. If the formula of the compound is given, write the name. 1. calcium nitrite ________________________________________ 2. BaSO4 ________________________________________ 3. silver acetate ________________________________________ 4. SrSO3 ________________________________________ 5. nickel(II) phosphate ________________________________________ 6. Na2CO3 ________________________________________ 7. LiHCO3 ________________________________________ 8. ammonium phosphate ________________________________________ 9. Be(ClO)2 ________________________________________ 10. aluminum oxalate ________________________________________ 11. rubidium dichromate ________________________________________ 12. KHSO3 ________________________________________ 13. calcium hydroxide ________________________________________ 14. manganese(II) silicate ________________________________________ 15. HCN ________________________________________ 16. cesium hydrogen sulfate ________________________________________ 17. Ti(OH)4 ________________________________________ 18. ammonium chloride ________________________________________ 19. Ca(ClO3)2 ________________________________________ 20. rubidium cyanate ________________________________________ 21. copper(II) sulfate ________________________________________ 22. CuCl ________________________________________ 23. iron(II) arsenate ________________________________________ 24. NH4OH ________________________________________

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Latin Nomenclature  Some ions have Latin names for them that are commonly used. When there are two possible charges for similar ions, the lower of the two is the “-ous” ion and the higher of the two is the “-ic” ion. For your information, the Latin roots for the name of the metals are: Cu “cupr”, Fe “ferr”, Cr “chrom”, Sn “stann”, Co “cobalt”, and Pb “plumb”. Cu+ - copper(I) ion – cuprous ion Cu2+ - copper(II) ion – cupric ion Fe2+ - iron(II) ion – ferrous ion Fe3+ - iron(III) ion - ferric ion Cr2+ - chromium(II) ion – chromous ion Cr3+ - chromium(III) ion – chromic ion Sn2+ - tin(II) ion – stannous ion Sn4+ - tin(IV) ion – stannic ion Pb2+ - lead(II) ion – plumbous ion Pb4+ - lead(IV) ion – plumbic ion

You must learn all of these Latin names. Remember the lower of the two is “ous” and the higher of the two is “ic”.

Name the following compounds with both methods: 1. Fe2O3

iron(III) oxide

ferric oxide

2. Cu2O

______________________________

______________________________

3. SnO2

______________________________

______________________________

4. PbO

______________________________

______________________________

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Hydrate Nomenclature  hydrate – a compound that releases water when heated Example:

CuSO4▪5H2O

Cu copper(II)

SO4 sulfate

▪

5

H 2O

part of the compound

penta

hydrate

Example:

MgSO4▪7H2O

Example:

aluminum chloride hexahydrate

__magnesium sulfate heptahydrate_______ _____AlCl3▪6H2O________________

Name the following hydrates: 1. MgCl2▪6H2O ______________________________ 2. Cd(NO3)2▪4H2O ______________________________ 3. ZnCl2▪6H2O ______________________________ 4. Na2S2O3▪5H2O______________________________

monoditritetrapentahexaheptaoctanonadeca-

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

5. CaCl2▪2H2O ______________________________

Write the formulas for the following hydrates: 6. barium hydroxide octahydrate ______________________________ 7. sodium sulfate decahydrate ______________________________ 8. lithium chloride tetrahydrate ______________________________ 9. cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate ______________________________ 10. sodium carbonate decahydrate ______________________________

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All Ionic Compounds ‐ Worksheet  If the name of the compound is given, write the formula. If the formula of the compound is given, write the name. 1. lead(II) nitrate ________________________________________ 2. sodium carbonate ________________________________________ 3. potassium iodide ________________________________________ 4. AgNO3 ________________________________________ 5. barium nitrate ________________________________________ 6. Na2SO3 ________________________________________ 7. potassium carbonate ________________________________________ 8. sodium nitrate ________________________________________ 9. barium acetate ________________________________________ 10. hydrogen peroxide ________________________________________ 11. potassium biphosphate ________________________________________ 12. Ba(OH)2 ________________________________________ 13. FeCl3 (use the Latin nomenclature)___________________________________ 14. Fe3(PO4)2 ________________________________________ 15. aluminum sulfate ________________________________________ 16. calcium hydroxide ________________________________________ 17. tin(II) oxide ________________________________________ 18. aluminum hydrogen carbonate ________________________________________ 19. sodium perchlorate ________________________________________ 20. copper(I) dichromate ________________________________________ 21. potassium selenide ________________________________________ 22. ZnS ________________________________________ 23. stannic dichromate ________________________________________ 24. sodium hydrogen phosphate ________________________________________ 25. Fe(ClO)2 ________________________________________ 26. NH4CH3COO ________________________________________ 27. copper(II) nitrate ________________________________________ 28. potassium hypochlorite ________________________________________ 29. iron(III) chromate ________________________________________ 30. Ag2SO4 ________________________________________

**THIS MAY BE GRADED FOR CORRECTNESS** 13

Molecular Compound Nomenclature  Molecular compounds are composed of individually covalently bonded atoms. The simplest unit of a molecular compound is called a “molecule”. These compounds are composed of all nonmetals. They are sometimes called covalent compounds. One system for naming these compounds is based on the use of prefixes. monoditritetrapentahexaheptaoctanonadeca-

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

When naming the molecular compound, the prefix that indicates the number of each atom is placed before the atom in the name. All molecular compounds end in “-ide”.

Example:

N2O

IS

dinitrogen monoxide

NOT dinitride monoxide (the first element does not end in “-ide”) NOT dinitrogen monoxygen (the second element should end in “-ide”) NOT dinitrogen monooxide (often the “o” is dropped before a vowel)

Also, mono is not used to indicate one atom if it applies to the first atom. Example:

CO

IS

carbon monoxide

NOT monocarbon monoxide (no mono necessary to indicate the first) NOT carbon oxide (the mono is necessary to indicate the number of O) NOT carbon monooxide (often the “o” is dropped before a vowel)

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Molecular Compounds ‐ Worksheet  If the name of the compound is given, write the formula. If the formula is given, write the name. 1. CF4 ________________________________________ 2. N2O5 ________________________________________ 3. CS2 ________________________________________ 4. SO3 ________________________________________ 5. P4O8 ________________________________________ 6. iodine tribromide ________________________________________ 7. chlorine dioxide ________________________________________ 8. sulfur hexafluoride ________________________________________ 9. difluorine octachloride ________________________________________ 10. tribromine nonatelluride ________________________________________ 11. H2O ________________________________________ 12. P2S4 ________________________________________ 13. N2O4 ________________________________________ 14. XeF4 ________________________________________ 15. SI4 ________________________________________ 16. carbon dioxide ________________________________________ 17. trinitrogen hexabromide ________________________________________ 18. diiodine heptaselenide ________________________________________ 19. CO ________________________________________ 20. dicarbon octafluoride ________________________________________ 21. P4O10 ________________________________________ 22. Si3N4 ________________________________________ 23. Cl2S7 ________________________________________ 24. NBr5 ________________________________________ 25. phosphorus trichloride ________________________________________ 26. PI3 ________________________________________ 27. disulfur trioxide ________________________________________ 28. PCl5 ________________________________________ 29. diiodine dichloride ________________________________________ 30. dinitrogen monoxide ________________________________________ 31. I4O9 ________________________________________ 32. dihydrogen monoxide ________________________________________

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Acid Nomenclature  If a hydrogen atom, H, (1p+, 1e-, 0no) loses an electron to become a hydrogen ion, H+, what is left? Only a proton is left. So, sometimes, a proton is written as H+. Often, an acid is referred to as a “proton donor”. If something is a proton donor, it has an H+ in the formula to donate to another substance during a chemical reaction. There are many definitions of acids. For naming purposes, we will only be naming acids that begin with “H” in the formula. Acids are said to be “aqueous”. Aqueous means something is dissolved in water. It is written as (aq), although acids are not always written with the (aq). binary acid – an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements Example: HCl(aq) – hydrochloric acid oxyacid – an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen and a third element, usually a nonmetal. Example: HNO3(aq) – nitric acid

NAMING RULES: Since all the acids we are naming begin with a hydrogen ion, they are differentiated by the anion in the formula. If the anion is identified, then the acid can be named. -ide ions

hydro__stem___ic acid

Ex: HCl(aq) Cl- chloride ion

-ite ions

_____ stem _____ous acid

Ex: HClO2(aq) ClO2- chlorite ion

chlorous acid

-ate ions

_____ stem _____ic acid

Ex: HClO3(aq) ClO3- chlorate ion

chloric acid

hydrochloric acid

Sulfur and phosphorus are exceptions. For sulfur you place sulfur in the blank. For phosphorus, you place phosphor in the blank. When taking the name and writing the formula, be sure to combine the appropriate amount of H+ with the anion to make a neutral compound. Example: phosphoric acid

phosphor-ic acid is from the phosph–ate ion, PO43Therefore the formula is H3PO4(aq).

So, if the citrate ion is C6H5O73-, what is the formula for citric acid? 16

More Acids…    monoprotic acid diprotic acid triprotic acid polyprotic acid ______________________________________________________________________________

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Acids ‐ Worksheet  If the name of the acid is given, write the formula. If the formula of the acid is given, write the name. 1. hydrocyanic acid ________________________________________ 2. dichromic acid ________________________________________ 3. hydrobromic acid ________________________________________ 4. nitrous acid ________________________________________ 5. sulfuric acid ________________________________________ 6. H2SiO3(aq)________________________________________ 7. HF(aq) ________________________________________ 8. H3PO3(aq) ________________________________________ 9. H2CO3(aq) ________________________________________ 10. H2S(aq) ________________________________________ 11. acetic acid ________________________________________ 12. sulfurous acid ________________________________________ 13. perchloric acid ________________________________________ 14. hydroselenic acid ________________________________________ 15. carbonic acid ________________________________________ 16. HClO(aq) ________________________________________ 17. HClO2(aq) ________________________________________ 18. H2C2O4(aq) ________________________________________ 19. H3P(aq) ________________________________________ 20. HMnO4(aq) ________________________________________ 21. hydrochloric acid ________________________________________ 22. chromic acid ________________________________________ 23. phosphoric acid ________________________________________ 24. HCl(g) ________________________________________

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Chapter Review of All Naming  If the name of the substance is given, write the formula. If the formula is given, write the name. 1. cadmium nitrate ______________________________ 2. chromate ion ______________________________ 3. dinitrogen monoxide ______________________________ 4. potassium bromide ______________________________ 5. nitrous acid ______________________________ 6. HPO42- ______________________________ 7. PCl3 ______________________________ 8. V2O5 ______________________________ 9. HClO4 ______________________________ 10. BaSO4 ______________________________ 11. sulfur hexafluoride ______________________________ 12. cuprous oxide ______________________________ 13. sulfuric acid ______________________________ 14. hydrogen peroxide ______________________________ 15. carbonate ion ______________________________ 16. BaO ______________________________ 17. HClO2 ______________________________ 18. SrSO3 ______________________________ 19. Fe ______________________________ 20. acetic acid ______________________________ 21. CBr4 ______________________________ 22. hypochlorite ion ______________________________ 23. (NH4)2SO4▪6H2O ______________________________ 24. calcium hydroxide ______________________________ 25. Na2CO3 ______________________________ 26. Cu3P ______________________________ 27. HI ______________________________ 28. lead(II) acetate ______________________________

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Polyatomic Ion Practice  (Some of these, you did not have to memorize.) 

NO2-

__________________________________

hydroxide ion _______________

CO32-

__________________________________

hydrogen sulfate ion ___________

B4O72-

__________________________________ hydrogen phosphate ion ________

HSO3-

__________________________________

hydrogen carbonate ion ________

SCN-

__________________________________

chlorate ion

H2PO4-

__________________________________

ammonium ion _______________

C2O42-

__________________________________

perchlorate ion _______________

PO33-

__________________________________

hypochlorite ion ______________

H3O+

__________________________________

nitrate ion

_______________

AsO43-

__________________________________

cyanide ion

_______________

NH4+

__________________________________

sulfate ion

_______________

MnO4-

__________________________________ sulfite ion

_______________

BO33-

__________________________________

PO43-

__________________________________ chlorite ion

_______________

Cr2O72-

__________________________________

acetate ion

_______________

O22-

__________________________________

thiosulfate ion _______________

I3-

__________________________________

cyanate ion

_______________

chromate ion _____________

_______________

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