Character, Deviance, and Sport [PDF]

Character, Deviance, and Sport. P Do sports train you for life? Characteristics of real life compared to sports. What do

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Character, Deviance, and Sport P Do sports train you for life? Characteristics of real life compared to sports What does this comparison suggest? Discussion

P The concept of deviance < A.What do we mean by "deviance"? Positive and negative deviance. Is this how it is, or are the two positively related? < B.What causes deviance? B = f (P, E) Explain – P factors – Intense motivation to attain some goal or commit some act (if aggression, frustration? Anger?) – Perception that legitimate means to attain the goal will be ineffective. (Role of high level competition?) – Low internal controls against the action (socialization) – Learned habits (modeling, reinforcement) and beliefs (e.g. in "toughness") – E factors: supportive environment – Weak constraints against the actions that can illegitimately attain the goal and social norms supporting the deviant behaviors (e.g. local norms, as at Nebraska). – Reinforcement, i.e., being successful by using illegitimate means –> weakening constraints –> habit (then a P factor for future) – Enabling –lack of punishment, making excuses for it, normalizing it.

Character, Deviance, and Sport . – Interactions – e.g., UNLV, Fresno (Tarkanian) recruit people with a history of bad behavior, provide supportive atmosphere, and reward people for doing it. < VIDEOS: Character and Sport, 1992 Out of Bounds, 1995 < Two studies on negative deviance – aggression specifically – 1.Relationship of aggression in and outside sport. Howard L. Nixon, 1997, J. Sport and Soc. Issues. Survey of @200 male and female student-athletes. Also 218 sociology students. – Main independent variable was score on the "no pain - no gain" measure I just gave you. This was related to being aggressor in and outside sport – Results: – Male athletes significantly higher on toughness than female athletes [p

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