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IN THIS ARTICLE Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD Terms & Conditions & Privacy Policy Cholera Causes and understand that I may opt out of WebMD subscriptions at any time. watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and Cholera Symptoms even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or Cholera Treatment and drinking water contaminated Prevention with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
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Cholera was prevalent in the U.S. in the 1800s, before modern water and sewage treatment systems eliminated its spread by contaminated water. Only about 10 cases of cholera are reported each year in the U.S. and half of these are acquired abroad. Rarely, contaminated seafood has caused cholera outbreaks in the U.S. However, cholera outbreaks are still a serious problem in other parts of the world. At least 150,000 cases are reported to the World Health Organization each year. The disease is most common in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine. Common locations include parts of Africa, south Asia, and Latin America. If you are traveling to one of those areas, knowing the following cholera facts can help protect you and your family.
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Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection. Common sources include:
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When a person consumes the contaminated food or water, the bacteria release a toxin in the intestines that produces severe diarrhea. It is not likely you will catch cholera just from casual contact with an infected person.
Cholera Symptoms Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few hours or as long as five days after infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But sometimes they are very serious. About one in 20 people infected have severe watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, which can quickly lead to dehydration . Although many infected people may have minimal or no symptoms, they can still contribute to spread of the infection. Signs and symptoms of dehydration
include:
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Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to return to original position quickly if pinched) Dry mucous membranes, including the inside of the mouth, throat, nose, and eyelids
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Low blood pressure Thirst Muscle cramps If not treated, dehydration can lead to shock and death in a matter of hours.
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