CLOUD COMPUTING STUDY NOTES UNIT I UNDERSTANDING CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud Computing – History of Cloud Computing – Cloud Architecture – Cloud Storage – Why Cloud Computing Matters – Advantages of Cloud Computing – Disadvantages of Cloud Computing – Companies in the Cloud Today – Cloud Services
UNIT II DEVELOPING CLOUD SERVICES Web-Based Application – Pros and Cons of Cloud Service Development – Types of Cloud Service Development – Software as a Service – Platform as a Service – Web Services – OnDemand Computing – Discovering Cloud Services Development Services and Tools – Amazon Ec2 – Google App Engine – IBM Clouds
UNIT III CLOUD COMPUTING FOR EVERYONE Centralizing Email Communications – Collaborating on Schedules – Collaborating on To-Do Lists – Collaborating Contact Lists – Cloud Computing for the Community – Collaborating on Group Projects and Events – Cloud Computing for the Corporation
UNIT IV USING CLOUD SERVICES Collaborating on Calendars, Schedules and Task Management – Exploring Online Scheduling Applications – Exploring Online Planning and Task Management – Collaborating on Event Management – Collaborating on Contact Management – Collaborating on Project Management – Collaborating on Word Processing - Collaborating on Databases – Storing and Sharing Files
UNIT V OTHER WAYS TO COLLABORATE ONLINE Collaborating via Web-Based Communication Tools – Evaluating Web Mail Services – Evaluating Web Conference Tools – Collaborating via Social Networks and Groupware – Collaborating via Blogs and Wikis.
REFERENCES 1. Michael Miller, Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online, Que Publishing, August 2008. 2. Haley Beard, Cloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and Measuring Processes for On-demand Computing, Applications and Data Centers in the Cloud with SLAs, Emereo Pty Limited, July 2008.
UNIT I : UNDERSTANDING CLOUD COMPUTING
Introduction: History has a funny way of repeating itself, or so they say. But it may gives some surprise to find this old cliché applies just as much to the history of computers as to wars, revolutions, and kings and queens. For the last three decades, one trend in computing has been loud and clear: big, centralized, mainframe systems have been "out"; personalized, power-tothe-people, do-it-yourself PCs have been "in." Before personal computers took off in the early 1980s, if your company needed sales or payroll figures calculating in a hurry, you'd most likely have bought in "data-processing" services from another company, with its own expensive computer systems, that specialized in number crunching; these days, you can do the job just as easily on your desktop with off-the-shelf software. Or can you? In a striking throwback to the 1970s, many companies are finding, once again, that buying in computer services makes more business sense than do-it-yourself. This new trend is called cloud computing and, not surprisingly, it's linked to the Internet's inexorable rise. What is cloud computing? How does it work? Let's take a closer look! Cloud computing is one of the hottest technical topics today, with broad-ranging effects across IT, Information Architecture, Business, Software Engineering, and Data Storage.
Cloud Computing: What It Is—and What It Isn’t
In traditional computing, many software programs can be run on their own. The documents can be created, run, modified, and accessed from other computers in the network. The documents cannot be accessed from outside the network. The whole scene is PC-centric.
By the invention of cloud computing, the programs in the computer are run on the internet. If any problem occurs in the computer or the computer crashes all the information and the software are saved in the cloud. It is document centric.
What Cloud Computing Isn’t
Generally cloud computing is not a network computing. With network computing the files and documents cannot be shared in other networks.
Cloud computing is a lot bigger than that. It encompasses multiple companies, multiple servers, and multiple networks. Plus, unlike network computing, cloud services and storage are accessible from anywhere in the world over an Internet connection; with network computing access is over the company’s network only.
Cloud computing also is not traditional outsourcing, where a company farms out (subcontracts) its computing services to an outside firm. While an outsourcing firm might host a company’s data or applications, those documents and programs are only
accessible to the company’s employees via the company’s network, not to the entire world via the Internet. What Cloud Computing Is The cloud is a large group of interconnected computers. These computers can be personal computers or network servers; they can be public or private. For example, Google hosts a cloud that consists of both smallish PCs and larger servers.
For example, Google’s cloud is a private one (that is, Google owns it) that is publicly accessible (by Google’s users). This cloud of computers extends beyond a single company or enterprise.
The applications and data served by the cloud are available to broad group of users, cross-enterprise and cross-platform. Access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet connection. To the user, the technology and infrastructure behind the cloud is invisible. It isn’t apparent (and, in most cases doesn’t matter) whether cloud services are based on HTTP, HTML, XML, JavaScript, or other specific technologies. There are six key properties of cloud computing ( from Google’s perspective)
Cloud computing is user-centric. Once you as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored there—documents, messages, images, applications, whatever— becomes yours. In addition, not only is the data yours, but you can also share it with others. In effect, any device that accesses your data in the cloud also becomes yours.
Cloud computing is task-centric. Instead of focusing on the application and what it can do, the focus is on what you need done and how the application can do it for you., Traditional applications—word processing, spreadsheets, email, and so on are becoming less important than the documents they create.
Cloud computing is powerful. Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing power impossible with a single desktop PC.
Cloud computing is accessible. Because data is stored in the cloud, users can instantly retrieve more information from multiple repositories. You’re not limited to a single source of data, as you are with a desktop PC.
Cloud computing is intelligent. With all the various data stored on the computers in a cloud, data mining and analysis are necessary to accessthat information in an intelligent manner.
Cloud computing is programmable. Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computing must be automated. For example, to protect the integrity of the data, information stored on a single computer in the cloud must be replicated on other
computers in the cloud. If that one computer goes offline, the cloud’s programming automatically redistributes that computer’s data to a new computer in the cloud.
From Collaboration to the Cloud: A Short History of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has as its antecedents both client/server computing and peer-to-peer distributed computing. It’s all a matter of how centralized storage facilitates collaboration and how multiple computers work together to increase computing power. Client/Server Computing: Centralized Applications and Storage In the earlier days of computing (pre-1980 or so), everything operated on the client/server model. All the software applications, all the data, and all the control resided on huge mainframe computers, otherwise known as servers. If a user wanted to access specific data or run a program, he had to connect to the mainframe, gain appropriate access, and then do his business while essentially “renting” the program or data from the server. Users connected to the server via a computer terminal, sometimes called a workstation or client. This computer was sometimes called a dumb terminal because it didn’t have a lot (if any!) memory, storage space, or processing power. It was merely a device that connected the user to and enabled him to use the mainframe computer. Users accessed the mainframe only when granted permission, and the information
mainframe computer, processing power is limited—and the ITstaff were the guardians of that power. Access was not immediate, nor could two users access the same data at the same time. The fact is, when multiple people are sharing a single computer, even if that computer is a huge mainframe, you have to wait your turn. Need to rerun a financial report? No problem if you don’t mind waiting until this afternoon,or tomorrow morning. There isn’t always immediate access in a client/server environment, and seldom is there immediate gratification. So the client/server model, while providing similar centralized storage, differed from cloud computing in that it did not have a user-centric focus; with client/server computing, all the control rested with the mainframe and with the guardians of that single computer. It was not a user-enabling environment Peer-to-Peer Computing: Sharing Resources As you can imagine, accessing a client/server system was kind of a “hurry up and wait” experience. The server part of the system also created a huge bottleneck. All communications between computers had to go through the server first, however inefficient that might be. The obvious need to connect one computer to another without first hitting the server led to the development of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing. P2P computing defines a network architecture in which each computer has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This is in contrast to the traditional client/server network architecture, in which one or more computers are dedicated to serving the others. (This relationship is sometimes characterized as a master/slave relationship, with the central server as the master and the client computer as the slave.) P2P was an equalizing concept. In the P2P environment, every computer is a client and a server; there are no masters and slaves. By recognizing all computers on the network as peers, P2P enables direct exchange of resources and services. There is no need for a central server, because any computer can function in that capacity when called on to do so.
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