Collection of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L ... - J-Stage [PDF]

seeded snap bean varieties from Malaysia and Thailand might have higher potential for heat tolerance than va- rieties previously reported to be tolerant to high temperature. Key words Germplasm, Malaysia, Heat tolerance, Phaseolus vulgaris, Thailand. マ レー シア お よび .... UPM ; University Pertanian Mala ysia, MARDI ...

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Jpn. J. Trop. Agr. 38(3): 239-245,

1994

Collection of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) Germplasm in Malaysia and Thailand and Its Potential for Heat Tolerance Hiroshi NAKANO, *Decha BOONMALISON, **Yoshlnobu EGAWA, **Nirat VANICHWATTANARUMRUK , **Somsong CHOTECHUEN, Tsoshio HANADA, and Tokuhiro MOMONOKI Okinawa Subtropical Station, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907 Japan, *National Gene Bank of Thailand, 196 Phahonyothin Rd, Chatukchak, BKK, 10900 Thailand, **Chainat Field Crops Research Center, Chainat, 17000 Thailand

Abstract Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm was collected in two tropical countries, Malaysia and Thailand. The first mission collected eight accessions of black-seeded snap bean germplasm in Malaysia. The second mission sent to Thailand collected twenty eight accessions. In Thailand, local varieties of field bean were not found, but black-seeded snap bean varieties were distributed also in this country. The black-seeded snap beans were presumed to be local cultivars introduced in this area many years ago. It was shown that the blackseeded snap bean varieties from Malaysia and Thailand might have higher potential for heat tolerance than varieties previously reported to be tolerant to high temperature. Key words Germplasm, Malaysia, Heat tolerance, Phaseolus vulgaris, Thailand マ レー シア お よび タイ に分 布 す るイ ンゲ ンマ メ遺 伝 資 源 とその 耐 暑性 宜 伸 ・**ニ ラ ッ ト

ヴ ァ ニ チ ワ タ ナ ル ム ル ク ・**ソ

ムソン

中野

寛 ・*デ チ ャ

研 究 セ ン ター 沖 縄 支 所 〒907石 垣 市 真 栄 里 川 良 原1091,*タ イ 国 立 ジ ー ン バ ン ク196フ コ ッ ク10900タ イ,**チ ャ イ ナ ー ト畑 作 研 究 セ ン タ ー チ ャ イ ナ ー ト17000タ イ 要



ブ ー ン マ リ ソ ン ・**江 川

チ ョ テ チ ュ エ ン ・花 田 俊 雄 ・桃 木 徳 博

国 際農 林 水 産 業

ァ ホ ニ オテ ィン道 路

バン

高 温 の 熱 帯 圏 に位 置す る タ イ お よび マ レー シア に お い て イ ン ゲ ン マ メの 遺 伝 資 源 の 探 索 収 集 を行 っ た 。 マ レー シ ア で は,

種 皮 が 黒 色 の サ ヤ イ ン ゲ ン マ メ の 在 来 遺 伝 資 源 を8点 見 い だ す こ とが で きた 。 タ イ で は 総 計28点 収 集 し たが,穀 実 用 の イ ン ゲ ン マ メ の 在 来 品 種 は 存 在 し な か っ た 。 タ イに お い て も,マ レー シア で収 集 し た もの と 同様 に,種 皮 が 黒 色 の サ ヤ イ ン ゲ ンマ メが 在 来 品種 で あ と考 え られ た。 収 集 した イ ン ゲ ンマ メ 品種 を夏 期 に 沖 縄 で 露 地 栽 培 し耐 暑性 を評 価 し た。 そ の 結 果,こ イ ン ゲ ン マ メ品 種 の 多 くは,我

の黒色種 皮のサ ヤ

が 国 の 栽 培 品 種 や 耐 暑1生と評 価 され て い る 品種 よ り も,高 い 耐 暑 性 を備 え て い る 可 能 性 が あ る と考

え られ た 。 キ ー ワ ー ド

遺 伝 資 源,イ

ン ゲ ン マ メ,タ

イ,耐

暑 性,マ

レ ー シア

Introduction Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in the highlands of Mexico and is now distributed all over the world1). Varieties for dry grain production are called field bean and varieties for young pod production as a vegetable are called snap bean. Both types of common bean are of great importance in China and Japan but they are of relatively little importance in sub-tropical and tropical countries in Southeast Asia6). The contrast may be ascribed to the weakness of common bean against hot climate5). Though Japan is situated in the Temperate Received

August

17, 1993

Zone, cultivation of field bean is possible only in its cooler northern region. Snap beans are also cultivated in the cooler region including highlands of warm region. Pod setting of common bean is poor under, high temperature during summer in southern Japan3). Therefore, a genetic source for heat tolerance is needed for common bean breeding program in Japan. In this paper, results of the collection of common bean germplasm in two tropical countries, Malaysia and Thailand, and the primary evaluation are reported. Materials A mission

was

of their

and sent

heat

tolerance

Methods to

Malaysia

in order

Jpn.J. Trop. Agr. 38(3) 1994

240

rieties

supplied

local

by

cultivars

obtained

at

markets

ers•ffields. were shape

by

and

at

was

the

by

the

tolerance,

heat

directly

time

cultivated

For

at

the

Research

Center

ences

(JIRCAS)

Okinawa

Ishigaki

island,

and

124.1•‹E.

ties

introduced

were

also

Japan

variety

and

were

evaluation

of

Japan

InternaSciStation

situated

as were

at

varieetc.

references

sown

in

24.3•‹N.

and countries

on

About

grown

of

varieties

Agricultural

tropical

1993.

Pod

descriptor

varieties

from

They

seeds

Subtropical

cultivated

1992

the

for

Japanese

evaluation.

the

collected

field

tional

farm-

and

collection.

on

the

of were

from pods

of

based

IBPGR.

seeds farmers

of

recorded

proposed

1989,

companies,

Characteristics

recorded

were

seed

propagated

ten

open

in

10

th

the

June

plants

of

in each

culture.

Results Collection

in

The lect collect Five

of exploration

and collection

of common bean in Malaysia. The numbers cate the collection 1 and 2.

Thailand in the map

site numbers

two

supplied

dou•hand•hTaiwan

and indi-

cessions

They

131,

to collect common bean germplasm from 17 November to 29 November in 1986. The mission explored in Kuala Lumpur, Pinang and Sarawak in Malaysia etc. (Fig. 1) and collected seeds of snap bean mainly at markets. After color and weight of the seeds samples were recorded, they were grown in glasshouse to evaluate other characteristics. The second mission was sent to Thailand from 25 February to 25 March in 1993. This mission explored in Bangkok, around Chiang Mai, along a route shown in Fig. 1 from Chiang Mai to Nong Khai and further along a route from Yala to Bangkok. In this exploration, young pods sold in vegetable market and those grown in farmer's field were also collected. Seeds were collected from the premature pods. In addition to commercial va-

had OK

were

ties

been

successive seed

OK

local

Seeds but

29.9

g

sions

1).

belonged

broad

pod

der

pod

132

(OK

and

also

86-126)

or

by by

most

green

11.4

of

of

of

vein in

slen-

(OK

OK

g

acces-

cultivars

cultivars

seeds

in were

from

of

a

office

accessions

group

conataminated

varie-

or

varied

vein,

86-

years

regional

these

ac-

OK

These

of

the

purple

Three

many

Although

to and

by seed

and

farmers

weight

(Table

86-

retail

name.

for

all

ac-

OK

propagated

cultivars.

of

three

local

by

100-seed

va-

and

86-127

station

seed

of•hNiaoguiOther

maintained

propagation

black, to

cultivar

cultivation

Sarawak.

name

to

no

to

(Table at

86-132

86-126,

also

had

bean

commercial

locally

supplied

col-

able

obtained were

OK

cultivars and

cessions,

snap

the

86-128,

not

were

guidou•h.

were

farmers shop.

them

under

(OK

133)

of were

of

did

mission

accessions

sites

in Tables

Malaysia

The

accessions

and

rieties

Course

in

beans. eight

shops

Fig.1

mission

field

1).

Malaysia

first

86-

86-126)

occurred.

Collection

in

During one riety

variety was

of

exploration field

name grains

was

Thailand, found.

only The

Daeng•hwhich for

of

in

bean

called•hTua

vernacular though

Thailand

the

the

red variety

kidney were

va-

was bean. found

a Alat

NAKANO

Table

1

Collection

data

et at.:

of common

Common

bean

Bean

Germplasm

germplasm

and

Heat

by the exploration

Tolerance

in Malaysia

241

.

*:

UPM ; University Pertanian Mala ysia, MARDI ; Jalan Kebun Station of Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Company ; Seed company , PMPC ; Planting Material Production Center of Sarawak Regional Office. ** : Slender pod sh ows round elliptic in its transverse section and broad pod shows very flat or pear sha transverse section ped . * * *: Collection site numb er in Malaysia in Fig. 1.

markets in many locations in Thailand , there were no significant variations in the grain size and shape (OK 93-009 and OK 93-011 in Table 2). Cultivation of the red kidney beans was promoted in northern region under the Thailand government project (the Royal Project). They were grown in plain field near Chiang Mai whose altitude was about 300 m and plain field in neighboring provinces during winter (November to February) . Some snap bean varieties (OK 93-010 and OK 93012 to OK 93-016 in Table 2) had been slso introduced from foreign countries by the government project. As in the case of the red kidney bean, they were grown in plain field in winter, but during other seasons they were cultivated only in highlands of this region. So these introduced varieties of field bean and snap bean could not be expected to be heat tolerant. Black-seeded cultivars of snap bean were most widely distributed except northern Thailand where varieties introduced by the government project predominated (Table 2). Two of three varieties supplied by Thai seed companies were also black-seeded varieties (OK 93-022 and OK 93-034). Seeds locally

propagated by farmers were obtained at a market in Hua Hin and Nakhon Pathom (OK 93-031 and OK 93-033). It was informed that seeds of OK 93-033 were multiplied from the commercial variety of black seed color which was supplied by a Thai seed company and was different from OK 93-022 and OK 93-034. Snap bean pods of blackseeded cultivars were found at a vegetable market in Ratchaburi and Bangkok in Central Thailand, Khon Kaen and Udon Thani in Northeast Thailand and Hat Yai, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani in Southern Thailand. At most locations, the pods (OK 93 -017 , OK 93-018, OK 93-019 and OK 93-026) were transported from Ratchaburi province in central region and Nakhon Sawan province and Petchabun province in northern region. These provinces were main snap bean production areas of Thailand. On the other hand, the snap bean pods found in Hat Yai and Surat Thani were cultivated at the outskirts of these cities and directly carried there. The pods of black-seeded cultivars collected at many locatuions were frequently mixed with broad pods and slender pods .

Jon.J. Trop. Agr.38(3)

242

Table

*: **:

2

Collection

See Table 1 . Heat tolerance

data

of common

was evaluated

bean

germplasm

by examining

1994

by the

the appearance

exploration

in Thailand.

of pods in early

September

T ; Tolerant variety with elongated pods, S ; Susceptible variety without elongated evaluation. It was tested with both types in the accession of mixed seed color or mixed ***: Collection site number in Thailand in Fig .1. Abbreviations ; S. & Pod : Seed and Pod, Wh. & Bl.: Mixed with broad pods and slender pods.

Further seeds of OK 93-025 were mixed with a few brown seeds and few beige seeds in addition to black seeds. Although mean pod

Mixed

with

white

seeds and black

. pods,; No pod shape.

seeds,

Bro. & Sle.:

length was over 10 cm in most samples, pods of OK 93-028 were shorter than 10 cm. It was known that OK 93-028 was selected as a

NAKANO

et al:

Common

Bean

cultivar with good taste by farmers through successive cultivation. These observations indicated that genetic variations occurred in black-seeded cultivars. Another cultivar of short pod (OK 93-021) was collected at Nong Khai in Northeast Thailand. It was a white-seeded cultivar. Another accession of white seed (OK 93-006) was found in the beans supplied by a Thai seed company. It was informed that these varieties of white seed came from one or more varieties which were introduced by Japanese seed company several years ago. On the other hand, black-seeded snap bean had been distributed since many years ago and there were no information about where they came from.

Germplasm

and

(CIAT, for could

area

not

year,

which

ant2),

a

Table 3

was

evaluated

pan

as

flowered

only

from

Sri

Lanka

(Table

could

3).

These

collected

to

be

(OK

heat

of

late

July

to

A#

00670

introduced

some

developed

Malaysian

toler-

varieties all

results

Philfrom

86-131)were

Although

set

this

varieties

popular

0K86-131and

In

from

two

variety with

test,

seeds.

introduced

reported

references.

designated

adaptability

grown

Lanka,

Malaysian

also

ties

with

Sri

were

local

varieties

and

USDA

the

pods

several

243

which in

set

ippines

of

Tolerance

Colombia),

warm

tested

Ja-

varie-

early

August, from pods

suggested

that

some

varietioes

were

heat

tolerant. In

an

ties

evaluation

including

varieties

Potential for heat tolerance In a field evaluation in summer in 1989, all evaluated Malyaysian varieties of OK 86127, 129, 128, 131 and 132 set pods well, although Kentucky Wonder, which was classified into heat tolerant snap bean group among commercial varieties in Japan3), hardly set pods. In 1992, three hundred thirty five lines provided to JIRCAS Okinawa Subtropical by Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical

Heat

rieties

(OK

93-034)

in

271998,

G 2525,

Negro

manca)

did

not

August.

It

temperature. ten in was

days July below

set

of and

a

a

the

va-

93-006

to

reported

to

paper°

(PI

Huasteco

month

and pods

be

due

to

temperature was

of in

(OK

developed to

varie-

86-131),

previous

air

August 28.7•Ž

OK

varieties

seemed

Mean

tested

Malaysian

Thailand

other

tolerant

and

heat

all

tolerant

and

in

and

1993,

heat

86-126

collected

OK be

in the

1989

higher

this and

year, 1992

Talain

July

high of

than

air each

28.5•Ž

although (Fig.

it 2).

Pod setting of common bean varieties in open culture of summer (1992).

*: Seeds of A537 to A554 were provid

ed from University of Philippines Los Banos , those of A#00666 to A#01383 were from Plant Genetic Resources Center of Sri Lanka and those of Kurosando to Hakuryu chucho were from Tokachi Agricultural Research Center, Hokkaido prefecture . **: Numbers of enlarged pods which contained developed seeds at 2nd September.

244

Jpn.J. Trop. Agr. 38(3) 1994 which

means•hIndian

the

tivated

and

ations color

had

ties

in

from

early

(marked air

September

as

heat

at field4).

also

showed

varieties

from

have

to

land.

On

four

the

and

other

varieties

tolerant

snap

Malaysia hand,

which

did

not

countries.

because

the

were

of

varieties

southern

grown

to

be

pods

was

heat

in

one

air

exactly

We

Thailand,

28 accessions

were

collected.

They

main

three of

snap

beans

to

ties

OK

which

might

be

seed

and

The

OK

third

of

group

bean

Japanese

collected

was

express

which

under

from

OK

this

evaluation.

pod

setting

varieties

future

ten

of

must

be

to

Dr.

investigation.

was snap

a

this

group

bean.

Malaysia

Genetic

of

Eight

also

fell

or

2.

93-

varieties

cate-

1988

This

research

showed

bean

Malaysia.

could

be

were

not

snap

bean

were Only

presumed introduced has

been

that very

accessions to

be

local

recently. locally

local few of

black

3.

P.

TEARE

ture

on

tube

growth

In

called•hTua

Thailand, Khaek•h

C.

grain the

Amer.

In:

Beans.

Academic :

J.,

and

pool.

Phaseolus

D.

CLAYBERG of

high

viability styles

Soc.

Pub-

375-391.

Influence

in

J.

gene

Kruwer

A.

pollen

L.

American

bean of

ed.)

1980

IWAMI,

N.

in

Japan nese 4.

Soc. with

NAKANO, M. heat

1950

and

pollen

Phaselus

Hort.

I.

temperaand

of

Ecological

bean

varieties

seed which

reading

Sci.

vul105:

12-

14.

Thailand

cultivars

critical

middle

(Netherlands)

garis

varieties

in

A

common

HALTERLEIN, D.

group.

this

thanks

his

Resources

lishers

accessions

into

P.

Andean

(GEPTS,

by OK

in

GEPTS,

93-

one

Accessions

belonged

1.

an

introduced

deepest for

manuscript.

the

varie-

from

this

our

common

common

and

of

References

category.

white-seeded

originated

of

gory.

of

field

tolerant

set

However,

for

YAMASHITA

con-

beans ago

to

of

company.

category

in

into

field

varieties

93-021

black-seeded

bean

them

years

belonged

a

snap

006

of

common classified

Accessions

93-016 was

more

One and

project.

Another

be

twenty

government

of

could

categories.

introduced

010

bean

average

by

warm

Acknowledgements

Tadaaki

sisted

comin

snap of

tolsug-

tolerant

result

in

be it

even

temperature.

determined

than to

early

Discussion

were

heat

air

heat

September.

In

tolerance

frequent

temperature

collected

might

Further,

28.5•Ž

day

only

Critical the

below

bean

Thailand

black-seeded

mean

study

snap

heat

of so

mean

Okinawa

reported

germplasm

The

in

for

not

yield

of

persent

and

temperature.

was

well

days it

Thai-

above-mentioned

reported

have

pods

Most

bean

in

that bean

acces-

pod

28.5•Ž

The

previously

high

eight

high

black-seeded

potential

varieties

varieties 2)

the

vein varie-

JIRCAS

Malaysia

higher

mon

decreased.

black-seeded in

Table

that

variand

Malaysia.

28.0•Ž

Station

of•hTua

seed

of

showed

temperature

be cul-

black-seeded

some

under

to been

Genetic

of

and

1992,

air

appeared

some

in

gradually

were

collected

pods

in

tolerant

temperature

them

developed

the

Subtropical

gested 1993,

size

Thailand of

culture

erant

in

name

ago.

Malaysia

open

some

However,

the

years

in

in

from

day

under

pod,

occurred

summer

sions

Average of ten days in mean day air temperature in JIRCAS Okinawa Subtropical Station.

of

collected In

had

utilized

shape

seemed

that

many

in

It

varieties

Khaek•hfrom

Fig.2

bean•h.

black-seeded

TOMA

I. relation

Hort.

and

tolerance

of to

Sci.

English H.,

studies

Set

19:

pod

on of

the

several

temperature. 53-57.

J. (in

Japa-

summary)

M.

MATSUOKA, H. of

SUZUKI common

T. 1993 bean

TERAUCHI, Studies I.Intro-

on

NAKANO et at.:

Common

Bean Germplasm

duction of heat tolerant snap bean germplasm. Jap. J. Trop. Agr.37 (Extra issue 1) : 51-52. (in Japanese) 5. SIBLBERNAGEL,M. J. 1986 Snap bean breeding. In : Breeding vegetable crops. (BASSETT,M. J. ed.) The AVI Publishing Company Inc. (Westport): 243-282.

6.

and Heat

Tolerance

245

VOYSEST, O. and M. DESSERT1991 Bean cultivars : classes and commercial seed types. In : Common beans research for crop improvement. (SCHOONHOVEN, A. and .OVOYSESTeds. ) CAB international (Wallingford) :119-162.

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