Idea Transcript
Jpn. J. Trop. Agr. 38(3): 239-245,
1994
Collection of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) Germplasm in Malaysia and Thailand and Its Potential for Heat Tolerance Hiroshi NAKANO, *Decha BOONMALISON, **Yoshlnobu EGAWA, **Nirat VANICHWATTANARUMRUK , **Somsong CHOTECHUEN, Tsoshio HANADA, and Tokuhiro MOMONOKI Okinawa Subtropical Station, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907 Japan, *National Gene Bank of Thailand, 196 Phahonyothin Rd, Chatukchak, BKK, 10900 Thailand, **Chainat Field Crops Research Center, Chainat, 17000 Thailand
Abstract Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm was collected in two tropical countries, Malaysia and Thailand. The first mission collected eight accessions of black-seeded snap bean germplasm in Malaysia. The second mission sent to Thailand collected twenty eight accessions. In Thailand, local varieties of field bean were not found, but black-seeded snap bean varieties were distributed also in this country. The black-seeded snap beans were presumed to be local cultivars introduced in this area many years ago. It was shown that the blackseeded snap bean varieties from Malaysia and Thailand might have higher potential for heat tolerance than varieties previously reported to be tolerant to high temperature. Key words Germplasm, Malaysia, Heat tolerance, Phaseolus vulgaris, Thailand マ レー シア お よび タイ に分 布 す るイ ンゲ ンマ メ遺 伝 資 源 とその 耐 暑性 宜 伸 ・**ニ ラ ッ ト
ヴ ァ ニ チ ワ タ ナ ル ム ル ク ・**ソ
ムソン
中野
寛 ・*デ チ ャ
研 究 セ ン ター 沖 縄 支 所 〒907石 垣 市 真 栄 里 川 良 原1091,*タ イ 国 立 ジ ー ン バ ン ク196フ コ ッ ク10900タ イ,**チ ャ イ ナ ー ト畑 作 研 究 セ ン タ ー チ ャ イ ナ ー ト17000タ イ 要
約
ブ ー ン マ リ ソ ン ・**江 川
チ ョ テ チ ュ エ ン ・花 田 俊 雄 ・桃 木 徳 博
国 際農 林 水 産 業
ァ ホ ニ オテ ィン道 路
バン
高 温 の 熱 帯 圏 に位 置す る タ イ お よび マ レー シア に お い て イ ン ゲ ン マ メの 遺 伝 資 源 の 探 索 収 集 を行 っ た 。 マ レー シ ア で は,
種 皮 が 黒 色 の サ ヤ イ ン ゲ ン マ メ の 在 来 遺 伝 資 源 を8点 見 い だ す こ とが で きた 。 タ イ で は 総 計28点 収 集 し たが,穀 実 用 の イ ン ゲ ン マ メ の 在 来 品 種 は 存 在 し な か っ た 。 タ イに お い て も,マ レー シア で収 集 し た もの と 同様 に,種 皮 が 黒 色 の サ ヤ イ ン ゲ ンマ メが 在 来 品種 で あ と考 え られ た。 収 集 した イ ン ゲ ンマ メ 品種 を夏 期 に 沖 縄 で 露 地 栽 培 し耐 暑性 を評 価 し た。 そ の 結 果,こ イ ン ゲ ン マ メ品 種 の 多 くは,我
の黒色種 皮のサ ヤ
が 国 の 栽 培 品 種 や 耐 暑1生と評 価 され て い る 品種 よ り も,高 い 耐 暑 性 を備 え て い る 可 能 性 が あ る と考
え られ た 。 キ ー ワ ー ド
遺 伝 資 源,イ
ン ゲ ン マ メ,タ
イ,耐
暑 性,マ
レ ー シア
Introduction Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in the highlands of Mexico and is now distributed all over the world1). Varieties for dry grain production are called field bean and varieties for young pod production as a vegetable are called snap bean. Both types of common bean are of great importance in China and Japan but they are of relatively little importance in sub-tropical and tropical countries in Southeast Asia6). The contrast may be ascribed to the weakness of common bean against hot climate5). Though Japan is situated in the Temperate Received
August
17, 1993
Zone, cultivation of field bean is possible only in its cooler northern region. Snap beans are also cultivated in the cooler region including highlands of warm region. Pod setting of common bean is poor under, high temperature during summer in southern Japan3). Therefore, a genetic source for heat tolerance is needed for common bean breeding program in Japan. In this paper, results of the collection of common bean germplasm in two tropical countries, Malaysia and Thailand, and the primary evaluation are reported. Materials A mission
was
of their
and sent
heat
tolerance
Methods to
Malaysia
in order
Jpn.J. Trop. Agr. 38(3) 1994
240
rieties
supplied
local
by
cultivars
obtained
at
markets
ers•ffields. were shape
by
and
at
was
the
by
the
tolerance,
heat
directly
time
cultivated
For
at
the
Research
Center
ences
(JIRCAS)
Okinawa
Ishigaki
island,
and
124.1•‹E.
ties
introduced
were
also
Japan
variety
and
were
evaluation
of
Japan
InternaSciStation
situated
as were
at
varieetc.
references
sown
in
24.3•‹N.
and countries
on
About
grown
of
varieties
Agricultural
tropical
1993.
Pod
descriptor
varieties
from
They
seeds
Subtropical
cultivated
1992
the
for
Japanese
evaluation.
the
collected
field
tional
farm-
and
collection.
on
the
of were
from pods
of
based
IBPGR.
seeds farmers
of
recorded
proposed
1989,
companies,
Characteristics
recorded
were
seed
propagated
ten
open
in
10
th
the
June
plants
of
in each
culture.
Results Collection
in
The lect collect Five
of exploration
and collection
of common bean in Malaysia. The numbers cate the collection 1 and 2.
Thailand in the map
site numbers
two
supplied
dou•hand•hTaiwan
and indi-
cessions
They
131,
to collect common bean germplasm from 17 November to 29 November in 1986. The mission explored in Kuala Lumpur, Pinang and Sarawak in Malaysia etc. (Fig. 1) and collected seeds of snap bean mainly at markets. After color and weight of the seeds samples were recorded, they were grown in glasshouse to evaluate other characteristics. The second mission was sent to Thailand from 25 February to 25 March in 1993. This mission explored in Bangkok, around Chiang Mai, along a route shown in Fig. 1 from Chiang Mai to Nong Khai and further along a route from Yala to Bangkok. In this exploration, young pods sold in vegetable market and those grown in farmer's field were also collected. Seeds were collected from the premature pods. In addition to commercial va-
had OK
were
ties
been
successive seed
OK
local
Seeds but
29.9
g
sions
1).
belonged
broad
pod
der
pod
132
(OK
and
also
86-126)
or
by by
most
green
11.4
of
of
of
vein in
slen-
(OK
OK
g
acces-
cultivars
cultivars
seeds
in were
from
of
a
office
accessions
group
conataminated
varie-
or
varied
vein,
86-
years
regional
these
ac-
OK
These
of
the
purple
Three
many
Although
to and
by seed
and
farmers
weight
(Table
86-
retail
name.
for
all
ac-
OK
propagated
cultivars.
of
three
local
by
100-seed
va-
and
86-127
station
seed
of•hNiaoguiOther
maintained
propagation
black, to
cultivar
cultivation
Sarawak.
name
to
no
to
(Table at
86-132
86-126,
also
had
bean
commercial
locally
supplied
col-
able
obtained were
OK
cultivars and
cessions,
snap
the
86-128,
not
were
guidou•h.
were
farmers shop.
them
under
(OK
133)
of were
of
did
mission
accessions
sites
in Tables
Malaysia
The
accessions
and
rieties
Course
in
beans. eight
shops
Fig.1
mission
field
1).
Malaysia
first
86-
86-126)
occurred.
Collection
in
During one riety
variety was
of
exploration field
name grains
was
Thailand, found.
only The
Daeng•hwhich for
of
in
bean
called•hTua
vernacular though
Thailand
the
the
red variety
kidney were
va-
was bean. found
a Alat
NAKANO
Table
1
Collection
data
et at.:
of common
Common
bean
Bean
Germplasm
germplasm
and
Heat
by the exploration
Tolerance
in Malaysia
241
.
*:
UPM ; University Pertanian Mala ysia, MARDI ; Jalan Kebun Station of Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Company ; Seed company , PMPC ; Planting Material Production Center of Sarawak Regional Office. ** : Slender pod sh ows round elliptic in its transverse section and broad pod shows very flat or pear sha transverse section ped . * * *: Collection site numb er in Malaysia in Fig. 1.
markets in many locations in Thailand , there were no significant variations in the grain size and shape (OK 93-009 and OK 93-011 in Table 2). Cultivation of the red kidney beans was promoted in northern region under the Thailand government project (the Royal Project). They were grown in plain field near Chiang Mai whose altitude was about 300 m and plain field in neighboring provinces during winter (November to February) . Some snap bean varieties (OK 93-010 and OK 93012 to OK 93-016 in Table 2) had been slso introduced from foreign countries by the government project. As in the case of the red kidney bean, they were grown in plain field in winter, but during other seasons they were cultivated only in highlands of this region. So these introduced varieties of field bean and snap bean could not be expected to be heat tolerant. Black-seeded cultivars of snap bean were most widely distributed except northern Thailand where varieties introduced by the government project predominated (Table 2). Two of three varieties supplied by Thai seed companies were also black-seeded varieties (OK 93-022 and OK 93-034). Seeds locally
propagated by farmers were obtained at a market in Hua Hin and Nakhon Pathom (OK 93-031 and OK 93-033). It was informed that seeds of OK 93-033 were multiplied from the commercial variety of black seed color which was supplied by a Thai seed company and was different from OK 93-022 and OK 93-034. Snap bean pods of blackseeded cultivars were found at a vegetable market in Ratchaburi and Bangkok in Central Thailand, Khon Kaen and Udon Thani in Northeast Thailand and Hat Yai, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani in Southern Thailand. At most locations, the pods (OK 93 -017 , OK 93-018, OK 93-019 and OK 93-026) were transported from Ratchaburi province in central region and Nakhon Sawan province and Petchabun province in northern region. These provinces were main snap bean production areas of Thailand. On the other hand, the snap bean pods found in Hat Yai and Surat Thani were cultivated at the outskirts of these cities and directly carried there. The pods of black-seeded cultivars collected at many locatuions were frequently mixed with broad pods and slender pods .
Jon.J. Trop. Agr.38(3)
242
Table
*: **:
2
Collection
See Table 1 . Heat tolerance
data
of common
was evaluated
bean
germplasm
by examining
1994
by the
the appearance
exploration
in Thailand.
of pods in early
September
T ; Tolerant variety with elongated pods, S ; Susceptible variety without elongated evaluation. It was tested with both types in the accession of mixed seed color or mixed ***: Collection site number in Thailand in Fig .1. Abbreviations ; S. & Pod : Seed and Pod, Wh. & Bl.: Mixed with broad pods and slender pods.
Further seeds of OK 93-025 were mixed with a few brown seeds and few beige seeds in addition to black seeds. Although mean pod
Mixed
with
white
seeds and black
. pods,; No pod shape.
seeds,
Bro. & Sle.:
length was over 10 cm in most samples, pods of OK 93-028 were shorter than 10 cm. It was known that OK 93-028 was selected as a
NAKANO
et al:
Common
Bean
cultivar with good taste by farmers through successive cultivation. These observations indicated that genetic variations occurred in black-seeded cultivars. Another cultivar of short pod (OK 93-021) was collected at Nong Khai in Northeast Thailand. It was a white-seeded cultivar. Another accession of white seed (OK 93-006) was found in the beans supplied by a Thai seed company. It was informed that these varieties of white seed came from one or more varieties which were introduced by Japanese seed company several years ago. On the other hand, black-seeded snap bean had been distributed since many years ago and there were no information about where they came from.
Germplasm
and
(CIAT, for could
area
not
year,
which
ant2),
a
Table 3
was
evaluated
pan
as
flowered
only
from
Sri
Lanka
(Table
could
3).
These
collected
to
be
(OK
heat
of
late
July
to
A#
00670
introduced
some
developed
Malaysian
toler-
varieties all
results
Philfrom
86-131)were
Although
set
this
varieties
popular
0K86-131and
In
from
two
variety with
test,
seeds.
introduced
reported
references.
designated
adaptability
grown
Lanka,
Malaysian
also
ties
with
Sri
were
local
varieties
and
USDA
the
pods
several
243
which in
set
ippines
of
Tolerance
Colombia),
warm
tested
Ja-
varie-
early
August, from pods
suggested
that
some
varietioes
were
heat
tolerant. In
an
ties
evaluation
including
varieties
Potential for heat tolerance In a field evaluation in summer in 1989, all evaluated Malyaysian varieties of OK 86127, 129, 128, 131 and 132 set pods well, although Kentucky Wonder, which was classified into heat tolerant snap bean group among commercial varieties in Japan3), hardly set pods. In 1992, three hundred thirty five lines provided to JIRCAS Okinawa Subtropical by Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
Heat
rieties
(OK
93-034)
in
271998,
G 2525,
Negro
manca)
did
not
August.
It
temperature. ten in was
days July below
set
of and
a
a
the
va-
93-006
to
reported
to
paper°
(PI
Huasteco
month
and pods
be
due
to
temperature was
of in
(OK
developed to
varie-
86-131),
previous
air
August 28.7•Ž
OK
varieties
seemed
Mean
tested
Malaysian
Thailand
other
tolerant
and
heat
all
tolerant
and
in
and
1993,
heat
86-126
collected
OK be
in the
1989
higher
this and
year, 1992
Talain
July
high of
than
air each
28.5•Ž
although (Fig.
it 2).
Pod setting of common bean varieties in open culture of summer (1992).
*: Seeds of A537 to A554 were provid
ed from University of Philippines Los Banos , those of A#00666 to A#01383 were from Plant Genetic Resources Center of Sri Lanka and those of Kurosando to Hakuryu chucho were from Tokachi Agricultural Research Center, Hokkaido prefecture . **: Numbers of enlarged pods which contained developed seeds at 2nd September.
244
Jpn.J. Trop. Agr. 38(3) 1994 which
means•hIndian
the
tivated
and
ations color
had
ties
in
from
early
(marked air
September
as
heat
at field4).
also
showed
varieties
from
have
to
land.
On
four
the
and
other
varieties
tolerant
snap
Malaysia hand,
which
did
not
countries.
because
the
were
of
varieties
southern
grown
to
be
pods
was
heat
in
one
air
exactly
We
Thailand,
28 accessions
were
collected.
They
main
three of
snap
beans
to
ties
OK
which
might
be
seed
and
The
OK
third
of
group
bean
Japanese
collected
was
express
which
under
from
OK
this
evaluation.
pod
setting
varieties
future
ten
of
must
be
to
Dr.
investigation.
was snap
a
this
group
bean.
Malaysia
Genetic
of
Eight
also
fell
or
2.
93-
varieties
cate-
1988
This
research
showed
bean
Malaysia.
could
be
were
not
snap
bean
were Only
presumed introduced has
been
that very
accessions to
be
local
recently. locally
local few of
black
3.
P.
TEARE
ture
on
tube
growth
In
called•hTua
Thailand, Khaek•h
C.
grain the
Amer.
In:
Beans.
Academic :
J.,
and
pool.
Phaseolus
D.
CLAYBERG of
high
viability styles
Soc.
Pub-
375-391.
Influence
in
J.
gene
Kruwer
A.
pollen
L.
American
bean of
ed.)
1980
IWAMI,
N.
in
Japan nese 4.
Soc. with
NAKANO, M. heat
1950
and
pollen
Phaselus
Hort.
I.
temperaand
of
Ecological
bean
varieties
seed which
reading
Sci.
vul105:
12-
14.
Thailand
cultivars
critical
middle
(Netherlands)
garis
varieties
in
A
common
HALTERLEIN, D.
group.
this
thanks
his
Resources
lishers
accessions
into
P.
Andean
(GEPTS,
by OK
in
GEPTS,
93-
one
Accessions
belonged
1.
an
introduced
deepest for
manuscript.
the
varie-
from
this
our
common
common
and
of
References
category.
white-seeded
originated
of
gory.
of
field
tolerant
set
However,
for
YAMASHITA
con-
beans ago
to
of
company.
category
in
into
field
varieties
93-021
black-seeded
bean
them
years
belonged
a
snap
006
of
common classified
Accessions
93-016 was
more
One and
project.
Another
be
twenty
government
of
could
categories.
introduced
010
bean
average
by
warm
Acknowledgements
Tadaaki
sisted
comin
snap of
tolsug-
tolerant
result
in
be it
even
temperature.
determined
than to
early
Discussion
were
heat
air
heat
September.
In
tolerance
frequent
temperature
collected
might
Further,
28.5•Ž
day
only
Critical the
below
bean
Thailand
black-seeded
mean
study
snap
heat
of so
mean
Okinawa
reported
germplasm
The
in
for
not
yield
of
persent
and
temperature.
was
well
days it
Thai-
above-mentioned
reported
have
pods
Most
bean
in
that bean
acces-
pod
28.5•Ž
The
previously
high
eight
high
black-seeded
potential
varieties
varieties 2)
the
vein varie-
JIRCAS
Malaysia
higher
mon
decreased.
black-seeded in
Table
that
variand
Malaysia.
28.0•Ž
Station
of•hTua
seed
of
showed
temperature
be cul-
black-seeded
some
under
to been
Genetic
of
and
1992,
air
appeared
some
in
gradually
were
collected
pods
in
tolerant
temperature
them
developed
the
Subtropical
gested 1993,
size
Thailand of
culture
erant
in
name
ago.
Malaysia
open
some
However,
the
years
in
in
from
day
under
pod,
occurred
summer
sions
Average of ten days in mean day air temperature in JIRCAS Okinawa Subtropical Station.
of
collected In
had
utilized
shape
seemed
that
many
in
It
varieties
Khaek•hfrom
Fig.2
bean•h.
black-seeded
TOMA
I. relation
Hort.
and
tolerance
of to
Sci.
English H.,
studies
Set
19:
pod
on of
the
several
temperature. 53-57.
J. (in
Japa-
summary)
M.
MATSUOKA, H. of
SUZUKI common
T. 1993 bean
TERAUCHI, Studies I.Intro-
on
NAKANO et at.:
Common
Bean Germplasm
duction of heat tolerant snap bean germplasm. Jap. J. Trop. Agr.37 (Extra issue 1) : 51-52. (in Japanese) 5. SIBLBERNAGEL,M. J. 1986 Snap bean breeding. In : Breeding vegetable crops. (BASSETT,M. J. ed.) The AVI Publishing Company Inc. (Westport): 243-282.
6.
and Heat
Tolerance
245
VOYSEST, O. and M. DESSERT1991 Bean cultivars : classes and commercial seed types. In : Common beans research for crop improvement. (SCHOONHOVEN, A. and .OVOYSESTeds. ) CAB international (Wallingford) :119-162.