Idea Transcript
Republic of the Philippines H Department of Environment and Natural Resources Asian Development Bank
METRO MANILA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (TA 3848-PHI)
Final Report Report No: 10 Community Awareness Strategy September 2003
AEA Technology In Association With GlobalWorks • CalRecovery • ENR Consultants
METRO MANILA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (TA 3848-PHI)
FINAL REPORT
REPORT No: 10 COMMUNITY AWARENESS STRATEGY
Project Team Neil Varey, AEA Technology, Project Director Luis F. Diaz, CalRecovery, Inc., Technical Team Leader Nick Allen, GlobalWorks, Disposal Reynor Rollan, ENR Consultants, Disposal Horace Crowe, AEA Technology, Institutional Levi Buenafe, GlobalWorks, Institutional Luis Diaz, CalRecovery, Inc., Medical Waste Linda Eggerth, CalRecovery, Inc., Community Awareness Grace Favila, ENR Consultants, Community Awareness Richard Pook, AEA Technology, Financial Agnes Palacio, GlobalWorks, Financial Roger Lopez, ENR Consultants, Social Manjit Kahlon, AEA Technology, Solid Waste Joey Sta. Ana, GlobalWorks, Solid Waste
September 2003
ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Final Report
1.
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1
2.
IEC WORKING GROUP .................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 2.2
3.
STRATEGY FOR NSWMC .............................................................................................................. 4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
4.
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 4 ISSUES AND NEEDS ............................................................................................................... 10 DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS PLAN ........................................................................ 11 SHORT-TERM COMMUNICATIONS PLAN AND ACTIVITIES ..................................................... 12 THREE-YEAR COMMUNICATIONS PLAN ................................................................................ 30 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 36
STRATEGY RELATED TO DISPOSAL ...................................................................................... 37 4,1 4.2 4.3
5
COMPOSITION OF WORKING GROUP ....................................................................................... 2 RESULTS OF MEETINGS ........................................................................................................... 3
KEY ISSUES ........................................................................................................................... 37 PROPOSED DISPOSAL STRATEGY........................................................................................... 38 IEC STRATEGY ..................................................................................................................... 38
STRATEGY RELATED TO MEDICAL WASTE........................................................................ 40 5.1 5.2 5.3
ISSUES AND NEEDS ................................................................................................................ 40 DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY ............................................................................................... 43 IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................... 43
ANNEX1
IEC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS............................................................................ 1
ANNEX 2
PARTIAL INVENTORY OF IEC MATERIALS/ACTIVITIES ON SWM SINCE 1997......................................................................................................................... 1
ANNEX 3
PRESENTATION MATERIALS FROM WORKSHOP......................................... 1
ANNEX 4
MATERIALS IN MEDIA KIT FOR MRF TOUR........................................................... 1
ANNEX 5
PRESENTATION AT MRF TOUR LUNCHEON WORKSHOP.................................. 1
ANNEX 6
TENTATIVE SCRIPTS OF 2 TV PLUGS........................................................................ 1
ANNEX 7
TRANSCRIPT OF TEXT MESSAGES ....................................................................... 1
ANNEX 8
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ABOUT ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT ................. 1
ANNEX 9
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ................... 1
Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
Final Report
ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Final Report
Executive Summary The proper management of solid wastes is essential to the protection of public health and the preservation of the environment. Nevertheless, it is a topic that is rarely at the forefront of discussion, by the media or by the general public. It is usually only during a crisis situation that much attention is given to waste management, and then generally in a negative context. In the absence of a crisis or other significant event, people prefer not to think about garbage – about who collects it, where the waste is taken, or how it is handled at the disposal site. Public education is an essential part of an integrated solid waste management program. Integration of public education with the other elements of a solid waste management program is critical. In order for an outreach program to be effective, it must promote actions on the part of the audience that are available to him or her and that are feasible. Information, education and communication (IEC) activities need to present a clear message in a way that encourages action by the recipient. They need to be designed with a goal and an audience in mind. Depending on the purpose and the audience, the IEC activities may need to be informative/educational, inspiring/persuasive, and/or entertaining. Furthermore, outreach activities should be conducted according to a well-conceived plan, and their effectiveness must be monitored. A comprehensive, integrated information, education, and communication (IEC) plan is critical to the successful implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the Philippines. The ADB project team worked closely with representatives from the various entities involved in solid waste management in Metro Manila to develop a communications strategy that addresses the needs of the communities and the resources of the NSWMC.
IEC Working Group A working group consisting of representatives from the following national, regional, and local agencies and from the NGO sector was established: National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), DENRPublic Affairs Office (PAO), DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO), Philippine Information Agency (PIA), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), Metro Manila Local Governments, Non-government organizations, and the ADB-TA3848 team. The working group met regularly throughout the project and participated in the development of the IEC strategies. The working group provided input on the framework for a 3-year communications plan: core messages, target groups, and strategies. In addition, plans for specific IEC activities were made (e.g., MRF tour), and discussions were held about the needed IEC strategies related to disposal and to medical waste.
Strategy for NSWMC The National Solid Waste Management Commission is responsible for the formulation of policies and the development of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in the Philippines. Under RA 9003, the NSWMC is given the responsibility for the formulation of policies to effectively achieve the objectives of the Act. In addition, the Commission is mandated to provide technical assistance aimed at enhancing the administrative and project management capabilities of national and local governments. A primary emphasis of the work under the TA was to provide technical assistance to the NSWMC in the development of an IEC strategy and in the implementation of activities. Various activities were undertaken including: an evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by national, regional, and local agencies Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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was undertaken; the development of a conceptual strategy, the preparation for and implementation of training activities, implementation of short-term IEC activities, and the preparation of a three-year communications plan. Assessment of Existing Activities – Meetings were held with representatives of the eight selected LGU’s, DENR, and MMDA to discuss what IEC activities/materials they have used in the past to promote solid waste management, what the messages and the target audiences were, their assessment of the materials’ effectivity, the financing of the materials’ production, and any constraints or concerns they may have regarding IEC. An inventory of IEC activities was prepared. Issues and Needs – A number of issues were raised by representatives of national and regional agencies, LGU’s, and NGO's. These issues were taken into consideration in the preparation of the communications plan. o o o o o o o
Lack of understanding of RA9003 at the barangay level Need for ongoing activity to sustain interest and motivation Need for support of LGU officials Lack of resources to produce and disseminate IEC materials Lack of strategic plan for coordination of IEC initiatives Need to assess effectivity of IEC materials Need for useful information that barangay officials can access at the City’s Ecology center
Development of Elements of IEC Strategy and Short-term Plan – Basic elements of an IEC strategy were developed: concepts for messages, target audiences, and methods. o
Message Concepts -- Two concepts for messages were developed, utilizing a combined approach of education and motivation. Waste Costs -- the cost associated with improper management of waste Lives Health Resources (importance of source reduction, segregation, recycling, composting) Money Quality of life RA 9003 – the need to work together to solve the problem of waste management Avoid creating waste (source reduction) Paper, glass, plastic bottles – should be recycled Food waste should be composted (or used as animal feed in some cases) Residual waste should be disposed in a proper disposal site
o
Target Audiences -- The initial focus of the IEC activities are on: influential groups (government officials, civic organization, business leaders, and media); young school children, and the general public. The focus will be expanded as the communications plan is implemented to include religious groups and teachers.
o
Short-term Plan – Using the concepts developed, a short-term communications plan was prepared. The purpose of the short-term plan was to identify IEC activities that could be conducted during the project, and to provide a basis for a longer-term communications plan.
Implementation of IEC Activities – A number of IEC activities have been conducted, including the following: o
Preparation of a simplified version of RA 9003 and IRR; distribution to participants at the National Conference of Barangays, industry associations, and LGU’s.
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o
Preparation of fact sheets on four topics (waste characterization, recycling, composting, and residual wastes); distribution to participants at the National Conference of Barangays, industry associations, and LGU’s.
o
Presentation at LGU seminar and workshop held March 10-13, 2003.
o
Conduct of a tour for children of a materials recovery facility on May 9, 2003. The event included the tour, a lunch workshop, and a poster-making contest. A press kit was prepared for media that attended.
o
Assistance in revisions to an existing TV plugs on MRF’s; participation in the preparation of a new TV/radio plug on the subject, SWM is my personal responsibility, featuring Sen. Jovito Salonga.
o
Development of text messages to be designed by Wireless Services Asia (WSA) and broadcast through the Globe Telecom.
o
Sponsorship of refrigerator magnets promoting segregation.
o
Preparation of press releases about the activities of the project including: waste characterization studies, the MOA signing with the local LGU’s, the workshop/seminar on the 10-year SWM Plan for the LGU’s, and the MRF tour.
o
Contribution of an article on the role of business in solid waste management in the magazine Business and Environment.
Preparation of Three-Year Communications Plan – A three-year IEC strategy is being developed for the NSWMC using the concepts developed under the project and building on the short-term IEC activities. Recommendations for Continuation of IEC Working Group – The IEC Working Group should continue to play an important role in solid waste management planning for Metro Manila. The ADB project team recommends that the Working Group continue to meet on a regular basis. The primary objective of the Group would be the development and implementation of an integrated IEC strategy in Metro Manila.
Strategy Related to Disposal An outreach strategy related to waste disposal was developed based on the evaluation conducted under that component. The consultants’ proposed improvement measures include: Immediate, short term, and longer-term dumpsite improvements where the stability assessment and mitigation of the Payatas and the Rodriguez sites are extremely urgent; Future disposal initiatives which includes the continued pursuit of longer-term regulatory-compliant sanitary landfills which take years of preparation before they become operational; Strengthening of regulatory capacity which includes improved comprehensive technical documentation and an enhanced monitoring program with measurable objectives and strategies; and Institutional reform to enable cities and municipalities to improve their contracting and monitoring capacities. IEC activities are needed to help implement the disposal strategy. The consultants propose an IEC strategy in which relevant government agencies are first convinced and moved to develop a disposal improvement plan, after which the general public is addressed with the message from the government: “The current waste disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it. Please help us implement it.”
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The consultants propose a three-phase IEC strategy, in which a target audience is addressed at each phase. These audiences are: Core national agencies mandated to regulate solid waste management (Phase 1); Local government units which have the primary mandate to implement solid waste management (Phase 2); and The general public including non-government agencies and the business sector (Phase 3). At each phase, the principal message consists of the key issues and proposed improvements identified by the consultants, and are supplemented by core messages that address the specific concerns of the target audience. For each phase, specific IEC activities for delivering the core message are also identified.
Strategy Related to Medical Waste An outreach strategy related to medical waste was developed based on the results of the various activities conducted under that component including, workshops, survey of hospitals and other medical facilities, medical waste characterization study, working group meetings, and meetings with representatives of the Department of Health. Issues and Needs – Two key issues related to medical waste management were identified, which demonstrate the need for additional IEC activities: (1) problems associated with improper segregation; and (2) an increase in public awareness and concern. o
Problems associated with improper segregation -- Two key problems result from improper segregation: (1) dangers resulting from disposal of untreated infectious wastes commingled with general waste; and (2) additional cost resulting from treatment of general waste commingled with infectious wastes by non-burn technologies.
o
Increasing public awareness and concern -- Public concern related to the collection, treatment and final disposition of health care waste has increased considerably during the past few years. To allay these concerns, it is important that public education regarding the strategy for managing health care wastes be conducted.
Target Audiences – Based on the issues and needs identified by the project team, two target audiences were identified: o o
Hospital personnel – doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, aides, janitors, cafeteria personnel, administrative staff, others Non-hospital personnel – patients, visitors, watchers (attendants)
Development of Strategy – A listing of recommended activities is presented in Table E-1. Table E-1. Recommended IEC Strategies Related to Medical Waste Target Audience Hospital Personnel
Purpose Training
Reminder Non-hospital Personnel
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Instruction, motivation
Strategy/Method Guidance document Trainer training Personnel training Interactive training guide Posters Fact sheets Posters
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Implementation of Activities – Training and outreach activities that were implemented during the project include the following: o
Training Manual – The project team assisted in revising the Manual of Hospital Waste Management for the DOH.
o
Posters – Layouts for four posters were developed, two targeted at hospital personnel and two at non-hospital personnel.
o
Training – A workshop is being held for health care personnel and for key members of the Department of Health.
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Final Report
Introduction
The proper management of solid wastes is essential to the protection of public health and the preservation of the environment. Nevertheless, it is a topic that is rarely at the forefront of discussion, by the media or by the general public. It is usually only during a crisis situation that much attention is given to waste management, and then generally in a negative context. The landslide at Payatas is an example of an event that received widespread attention by the media, worldwide. Other events that have received media coverage during the last few years are the protests by Antipolo residents urging the closure of the San Mateo disposal site, the illegal dumping that occurred after the San Mateo site was closed, and the protests against transport of waste to Semirara Island. In the absence of a crisis or other significant event, people prefer not to think about garbage – about who collects it, where the waste is taken, or how it is handled at the disposal site. Studies have demonstrated that improper waste management impacts air and water resources, and ultimately the health and safety of the population. Currently, there are a number of solid waste issues facing Metro Manila. Each day, over 6000 tons of waste are generated, much of which is disposed in open dumpsites, absent of any environmental controls, or is illegally dumped. Despite the efforts of Linis Ganda and other environmental groups, most of the recycling that takes place is done so by scavengers at the dumpsites, with little or no protection for their health or safety. RA 9003 requires every community to implement segregated collection and to encourage recycling and composting, yet few of the 1,810 barangays in Metro Manila have such programs, and those that do generally cover only a portion of the barangay. There clearly is an interest on the part of many top government officials in the Philippines in solving these solid waste issues, as evidenced by the following examples of recent activities: The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) was the first bill that was signed into law after President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took office. The President has continued to show support for waste management, as evidenced by the selection of Secretary Gozun to head DENR, and by President Arroyo’s willingness to take part in a TV plug designed to encourage children to properly manage their waste. Since assuming office in December 2002, Secretary Gozun has made solid waste management one of the priority issues for DENR. Sec. Gozun has pledged to deliver 50 cities and municipalities with working SWM systems by the time she steps down in June 2004. The indicators of such municipalities will include: (a) segregation at source, (b) segregated collection, (c) MRF, and (4) composting. President Arroyo has offered support and funding for the SWARMPLAN (Solid Waste Reduction Master Plan for Metro Manila), initiated by civil society and the business sector in Metro Manila. The goals of the plan are: (1) to reduce the waste that ends up in dumpsites, landfills, canals, and streets; and (2) to maximize the return of recyclables to factories and of compostables to soil. The President’s Social Fund has provided funding for a two-year education and Metro Manila training program. The National Solid Waste Management Conference for barangays on April 14-15, 2003, was a collaborative effort of DILG, DENR and the NSWMC together with LGU’s and NGOs. The Memorandum of DILG Secretary Lina was critical in drawing the 2,000 participants from barangays nationwide who participated. The event demonstrated that more and more the LGU’s are making SWM a priority and that with a little help from central government, there is a tremendous LGU response. Programs are being developed and workshops are being conducted. It is critical that iinformation, education, and communication (IEC) activities be conducted to support the programs that are being developed. IEC needs to be an integral part of solid waste management programs and activities. Those in influence (e.g., government agencies, community leaders, teachers, media) need to be kept informed of important issues and of technically sound practices to mitigate those issues. And the public needs to be educated regarding acceptable and unacceptable practices, and motivated to change behavior. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Integration of public education with the other elements of a solid waste management program is critical. History has demonstrated that programs and projects that have been implemented without community support and involvement have not been successful. In order for an outreach program to be effective, it must promote actions on the part of the audience that are available to him or her and that are feasible. For example, little value is gained if residents are encouraged to segregate their waste, but the collection system for segregated collection has not been implemented. Information, education and communication (IEC) activities need to present a clear message in a way that encourages action by the recipient. They need to be designed with a goal and an audience in mind. Depending on the purpose and the audience, the IEC activities may need to be informative/educational, inspiring/persuasive, and/or entertaining. Furthermore, outreach activities should be conducted according to a well-conceived plan, and their effectiveness must be monitored. A comprehensive, integrated information, education, and communication (IEC) plan is critical to the successful implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the Philippines. The ADB project team worked closely with representatives from the various entities involved in solid waste management in Metro Manila to develop a communications strategy that addresses the needs of the communities and the resources of the NSWMC. Activities conducted by the consultants can be grouped into the following four areas: 1. IEC Working Group – A working group consisting of representatives from national, regional, and local agencies and from the NGO sector was established. The working group met regularly throughout the project and participated in the development of the IEC strategies. 2. Strategy for NSWMC and LGU’s – An evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by national, regional, and local agencies was undertaken. Needs were identified and a conceptual strategy was developed. A short-term implementation plan was prepared, and the IEC activities outlined in the plan were implemented. In addition, a three-year communications plan was prepared. 3. Strategy Related to Disposal – The history related to locating solid waste disposal facilities was evaluated in terms of the types of issues that were raised. This information, together with the results of the disposal component of the ADB TA3848-PHI project, were used to develop recommendations for IEC activities pertinent to communities in which a dump site is currently located, as well as activities pertinent to locating of sanitary landfill facilities. 4. Strategy Related to Medical Wastes – The results of the various activities conducted under the medical waste component of the ADB TA3848-PHI project (e.g., workshops and meetings, waste characterization, and facility survey) were used to identify IEC issues and needs related to medical waste. A strategy was developed and IEC activities were implemented, including: assistance with preparation of a training manual and the development of layouts for posters to instruct medical personnel and non-medical individuals in segregation of medical wastes. The activities undertaken, the results and findings, and recommendations are presented below.
2.
IEC Working Group
In November 2002, the project team’s media/community relation’s specialists convened the IEC Working Group. The first meeting was held on November18, 2002. Subsequent meetings were held on January 29, February 26, March 17, and May 6, 2003.
2.1
COMPOSITION OF WORKING GROUP
In constituting the IEC Working Group, the consultants tried to get a wide representation of the different agencies and sectors involved but with the conscious effort to keep the size of the group as small as possible in order to ensure substance and efficiency of discussion. The agencies/sectors represented in the Working Group are as follows (see Annex 1 for the persons who represented these agencies at the meetings): ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) DENR-Public Affairs Office (PAO) DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO) Philippine Information Agency (PIA) Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Metro Manila Local Governments Non-government organizations ADB-TA3848 team
2.2
RESULTS OF MEETINGS
The first meeting was largely an orientation for the Group about the ADB-TA3848 project and a discussion of the role the Group was expected to play both during and after the project. It was underscored that there were already many IEC activities in Metro Manila conducted by the agencies/sectors represented in the Working Group and others. During subsequent meetings, the framework for a 3-year communications plan was established: core messages, target groups, and strategies. In addition, plans for specific IEC activities were made (e.g., MRF tour), and discussions were held about the needed IEC strategies related to disposal and to medical waste. Copies of discussion documents and minutes from the meetings are included in Annex 1. 2.2.1
Goals and Objectives
A major goal of the Group was to provide input in the development of an IEC plan for the NSWMC that is integrated and that incorporates Metro-Manila-wide media strategies and local IEC strategies. The following objectives were established for the IEC Working Group: Assessment of effectiveness of previous and current IEC activities Identification of needs (messages, purpose, targeted groups) Development of themes, and determination of methods to disseminate the messages Preparation of a long-term communications plan (messages, methods, implementation schedule, financial plan) and means of monitoring effectiveness Implementation of selected components of the communications plan and assessment of effectiveness 2.2.2
Priority Messages
After some discussion, three main clusters of priority messages emerged, namely, 1. Responsibility -- In this cluster it was emphasized that the messages should show that solid waste management is both a personal and a social responsibility. It takes leadership and individual initiative but must be supported by community effort. 2. Financial Impact -- In this cluster the messages should show that poor solid waste management costs society and individuals money as in the high cost of collection, storage and landfill maintenance. On the other hand, proper solid waste management not only prevents these costs but could also bring in additional income from sale of recyclables. 3. Health and Quality of Life -- In this cluster, the messages parallel that of the financial impact. Poor solid waste management can cause polluted air; land and water giving rise to illnesses and generally poor health. On the other hand, proper solid waste management results in cleaner and safer environment, which safeguards health and secures a good quality of life.
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Target Audiences
The group identified two general sub-groups of target audiences, namely, the influential and the followers. In the first group of top priority were the local government officials, civic organizations, business leaders, media and children of the 4-12 years age group. Of second priority were religious group and teachers. The group of “followers” were ranked third priority and they included the community and general public, domestic helpers, and janitors. 2.2.4
Strategies
For each of these target audiences, the Working Group identified appropriate strategies for delivering the message (see Table 1).
3.
Strategy for NSWMC
The National Solid Waste Management Commission is responsible for the formulation of policies and the development of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in the Philippines. Under RA 9003, the NSWMC is given the responsibility for the formulation of policies to effectively achieve the objectives of the Act. In addition, the Commission is mandated to provide technical assistance aimed at enhancing the national and local governments’ administrative and project management capabilities. A primary emphasis of the work under the TA was to provide technical assistance to the NSWMC in the development of an IEC strategy and in the implementation of activities. Various activities were undertaken including: an evaluation of existing and prior IEC activities conducted by national, regional, and local agencies; the development of a conceptual strategy, the preparation for and implementation of training activities, implementation of short-term IEC activities, and the preparation of a three-year communications plan. Each of these activities is discussed in the following sections.
3.1
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING ACTIVITIES
The Media/Community Relations consultants visited the officials of the eight selected LGU’s to discuss what IEC activities/materials they have used in the past to promote solid waste management, what the messages and the target audiences were, their assessment of the materials’ effectivity, the financing of the materials’ production, and any constraints or concerns they may have regarding IEC. In addition, the consultants met with representatives of regional and national agencies, including: Ms. Elsie Encarnacion of the MMDA, Ms. Elenida Basug of the DENR-EMB Environmental Education and Information Office which assists the NSWMC on IEC matters, and Ms. Irma Paulme of the DENR Public Affairs office.
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Table 1. Target Audiences and Strategies RANK 1
TARGET AUDIENCE a. Influential LGU officials
1
Civic organizations
1
Business leaders
1
Media
1
Children (4-12yrs)
2 2 3
Religious groups Teachers b. Followers Community/general public
3 3
Domestic helpers Janitors
STRATEGIES Meetings Circulars Rewards/recognition Meetings Awareness/recognition Partnership Meetings/seminars Partnership Recognition/promotion/best practices Tours to MRF’s with workshop Press releases Press conference Awards/recognition Fun activities Competition
TV/cinema spots Print ads (including tabloids) Text messaging Bumper stickers Billboards/posters
National and local agencies in Metro Manila have conducted numerous IEC activities related to solid waste management during the last few years. NGOs have also been active in this area, particularly in providing outreach to communities. In general, much has been done in terms of IEC on solid waste management at the LGU level. Most LGU’s have used a combination of approaches such as flyers, posters, slogans painted on walls, comic strips, community meetings, training seminars, mascots, school-based ecology clubs, contests, Public Address Systems, and door-to-door campaigns. Many use printed materials produced by DENR-EMB, MMDA and some NGOs like Mother Earth to complement their own locally produced IEC printed materials. An inventory of IEC activities conducted by some of the entities in Metro Manila is provided in Annex 2. As shown in the annex, DENR has been particularly active in this area, as has MMDA and the LGU’s that were visited. A wide variety of approaches have been used including: TV, radio, videos, newspapers, periodicals, books/booklets, posters, flyers, workshops/training courses, contests, exhibits, and others. The sections below describe some of the community awareness activities related to solid waste management in Metro Manila. 3.1.1.
Television and Radio
Television and radio can be effective tools for the dissemination of information, and are used by many sectors, both to educate and to motivate the audience. To maximize effectiveness, the materials produced should be carefully designed to convey the intended message in a clear and entertaining way, and should be targeted at the intended audience. For example, depending on the targeted audience, a TV plug in Metro Manila could be aired on ABS-CNB (general audience), ABS-CBN news channel (business people), and/or Studio 23 (Gen-Xers). Solid waste management outreach via television and radio can, and does, take many forms in Metro Manila. The most common forms are talk show interviews, news stories, and plugs/commercials. In addition, environmental topics (although not solid waste related specifically) have been incorporated into sitcom story lines, e.g., Richard Loves Lucy, and as trivia questions on game shows. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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The number of TV and radio programs that regularly discuss environmental topics is limited. Bantay Kalikasan airs a program on Sunday afternoon (Channel 21), Radyo ng Bayan is a government radio network that addresses such issues of importance, and there are three or four radio talk shows during which listeners are encouraged to call or text in comments. In addition, some cities (e.g., Makati) have a regularly scheduled radio program in which issues of importance to the community are discussed, including waste management. Various agencies in Metro Manila (e.g., DENR-EMB, MMDA, and DOH) have produced TV/radio plugs on waste management. As shown in Annex 2, the plugs are usually 15 seconds, 30 seconds, or 60 seconds in length and have covered various topics including: how to segregate, how to set up an MRF, the need for proper disposal, and the public health impacts of improper disposal. Often the plugs are aired through the Philippine Information Agency (PIA). Although the PIA airs the plug at no cost, the plug can only be shown for 3 weeks and the PIA cannot choose the time that the plug is aired. TV/radio plugs are relatively expensive to produce and to air. Quezon City is currently producing three TV plugs: 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds in length. Filming has been started. The plugs will be shown at a film festival to be held in December, and will be shown on TV. 3.1.2
Newspapers, Newsletters, and Periodicals
Newspapers are also effective means for educating the public. Methods used in Metro Manila include: news stories, press releases, regular columns, advertisements, and editorials. Newspapers, including tabloids, have a reporter assigned to cover the environmental beat (see Table 2). Except for one NGO that has a weekly newspaper column by one of its members, none of these methods are used on a regular, on-going basis by the agencies or groups contacted. Some cities (e.g., Muntinlupa) are producing a community newspaper. Other cities have produced newspapers in the past, or would like to, but do not have the funds available for printing. Target audiences are barangay officials, community leaders, schools, and the religious sector. Information about waste management is addressed in a number of newsletters and periodicals produced in Metro Manila. Examples are: Industry EnviroNews, Waste Bulletin, Environmental Education Bulletin, Symbiosis, Waste Matters, Philippine Business for the Environment, and Patlepam News. The periodicals reach a focused audience with informative articles. 3.1.3
Videos
The DENR and the MMDA have produced videos on several solid waste management topics. Videos usually run between 15 and 60 minutes in length, and are shown at venues such as school classrooms, community meetings, and training sessions. The following are examples of the videos produced by DENR during the last few years:
Galit sa Basura (War on Wastes) Basurang dapat Pakinabangan (Waste is a Resource) Ang Lunitiang Mundo ni Angelo (The Green World of Angelo) Waste No Time: May Solusyon sa Basura (There is a Solution to the Garbage Problem) Makati has prepared its own video, which is a Philippine version of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) – the 3Bs (Bawasan, Baguhin, Balik). In addition, videos produced outside of the Philippines are used in some cases. For example, the City of Manila shows a cartoon video prepared in Japan at community meetings and in schools. The cartoon portrays garbage as a monster.
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Table 2. List of DENR Beat Reporters (Print) Name BROADSHEETS Deck Villanueva Elmer Panesa Gerald Lacuarta Gigi de Vera Donna Brazas Mel Cabigting Othel Campos Katherinea Adraneda Leilani Gallardo Mother Adi Simbulam TABLOIDS Angie de la Cruz Fe Bautista Aaron Recuenco Bella Cariazo Ben Figura Betsy Ison Celo Lagmay Ivan Robles Rjay Laurea Juliet de Loza Mitos Garcia Maricris Maninit Zaida delos Reyes Len Ladera Beck Bernabe Robert Basilio, Jr. Cecilia Quiambao Ronito Calunsod Dolly Aglay Rhea Carlos Tess Cerojano Vivian Tuazon Jonathan Fernandez Lettieh Corvera Ryan Ponce Pacpaco 3.1.4
Media Agency
Cell phone Nos.
Today Manila Bulletin Philippine Daily Inquirer Malaya The Manila Times The Daily Tribune Manila Standard The Philippine Star Business World Manila Star
0916-320-5354 0919-653-4794 0918-571-9127 0919-320-1614 0917-450-6817 0919-364-0214 0919-218-3532 0917-842-3044 0918-922-8419 0919-494-0988
Philippine Star Ngayon Text Tonight Tempo People’s Journal People’s Balita Philippine News Agency Balita Tumbok RP Daily Expose Abante People’s Tonight Metro Mail/Sunstar Taliba Saksi Ngayon Toro Cyber Dyaryo Pintas Daily Manila Shimbun Reuters Dow Jones Kyudo News Remate Remate Headline Ngayon People’s Taliba
0919-410-0165 0918-326-1419 0916-474-1473 0916-486-2357 0919-926-5462 0920-227-7509 0919-638-2039 0920-782-7842 0919-559-1756 0916-514-1018 0920-527-3543 0919-325-4567 0918-333-1667 0916-323-3163 0917-919-2616 0917-814-5813 0918-903-6438 0918-905-5241 0917-814-6602 0918-901-4158 811-5180 0917-608-7981 0917-343-9347
Printed Materials
The DENR and the MMDA produce materials that are used by the agencies themselves and that are distributed to local government agencies for their use. The inventory of materials in Annex 2 demonstrates the types of materials that have been produced, listed by name of organization and type of material. Printed materials include books and booklets, posters, flyers, bumper stickers, folders, etc. Many of the materials are prepared by DENR, MMDA, or another group and distributed to LGU’s. In addition, cities and NGOs prepare materials and distribute to the barangay officials and other community leaders. The following are examples of printed materials: Posters
Bawasan ang Basurang Itinatapon! Mag-Segregate (Reduce Garbage that Needs to be Thrown away! Segregate) She’s on Top of a Garbage Heap. Minimize Waste. She Deserves More. A Cleaner Greener Marikina
Handouts/Flyers Panahon na para maghiwalay! (Instructions for Segregation) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Walang Sayang, Walang Basura: Know More About Wastes and Their Benefits (No Waste, No Garbage) Bawas Basura, Bawas Problema! (Reduce Garbage, Reduce Problem) Wastong Pag-aayos ng mga Basura (The Right Way to Manage Solid Waste) Mga Dapat Tandaan sa Backyard o Household Composting (What One Needs to Remember about Backyard or Household Composting) Ecological Solid Waste Management Bumper stickers
Sagot ko, Basura ko (My responsibility, My garbage) Sama-Sama Tayo sa Kalinisan (We’re All Together in Cleanliness) Basura Ngayon Gamit Kinabukasan (Waste Today, Useful Tomorrow) Hand in Hand for Clean Green and Healthy Metropolis
In addition, a number of books or booklets have been written in recent years by government (e.g., Primer on the Clean Air Act by DENR), by NGOs (e.g., Doon Po sa Amin (in our Hometown) by Odette Alcantara), and by associations (e.g., Trainer’s Training on the Establishment and Operations of a Material Recovery Facility by SWAPP). 3.1.5
Community Outreach/Advocacy
Most community outreach activities are being conducted by the LGU’s (with the support of the city) and by NGOs. Cities are conducting training activities for barangay officials, and are working in cooperation with them to inform residents of the communities about solid waste management programs. NGOs (e.g., Mother Earth) are active in conducting training at the community level. In addition, MMDA has been working with selected communities under a program financed by UNDP. Numerous approaches have been tried to reach the community when implementing a program, such as segregated collection. The approaches that have been the most successful include most, if not all, of the elements listed below. As stated previously, it is important to have the infrastructure for the program in place before conducting training activities for residents. Set up meetings with barangay officials. It is critical to have the support of barangay officials and community leaders. In some areas, the city does not initiate the contact but waits for the barangay officials to do so in order to ensure a level of interest. Work with a group of local volunteers in establishing the program and setting up the training. It is important that the barangay or community feels a sense of ownership of the program. Conduct training activities at the community level for residents. Meetings are generally conducted in Tagalog. Encourage the participants to inform others in their neighborhood. It is helpful to have a handout for participants to take home. Mother Earth charges a nominal fee for the handout to ensure that the recipient places a value on the material. Continue to work with the residents to educate them during the implementation period. This can be effectively done through a PA system. Door-to-door outreach is also important and can be conducted by the volunteer group, by barangay health workers, street sweepers, Eco-Aides, or others. On-going education and outreach at the community level is needed. The methods used by communities in Metro Manila include: community meetings, training sessions, door-to-door outreach, flyers, posters at barangay halls, announcements using a PA system and contests. 3.1.6
Schools
A number of approaches are being used to educate schoolchildren on the importance of proper solid waste management. These include: environmental curriculum, clubs, contests, videos, and others. Examples of some of the activities conducted by some of the communities are listed below. Curriculum
Environmental Education Guide (DECS/DENR 1999)
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Munting Kamay sa Kalinisan Alalay (Little Hands, Assistance in Cleanliness)
3.1.7
Clubs
ANGELS club (Agents of New Generation of Environmental Lovers) -project of Rotary Club Young Environmentalists Club (YES) WOW (War on Waste)
Contests
Mr. And Mrs. Ecology -- beauty contest with clothing made out of recyclables Art contests Contests to bring recyclables Competition for the school with the best environmental waste management program: segregation, composting, creativity in using recyclables, cleanliness of school, organic garden Basura trade fair
Businesses
Because of the substantive exposure of the business sector to such programs as Cleaner Production, Waste Minimization, Pollution Prevention, the 5S, and Environmental Management Systems (EMS), many large and medium companies have imbibed the philosophy of proper SWM. Many industry associations also advocate proper SWM, and some associations regularly conduct training workshops on this subject. UNEP has developed attractive, well-illustrated posters on Cleaner Production. The Japanese-supported Asian Productivity Organization has likewise developed attractive posters on the 5S. The Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE) has featured articles on the above-mentioned programs in its quarterly magazine. Also featured in the magazine is PBE’s Industrial Waste Exchange Program, in which companies can list either materials they need that are a by-product of other industries, or materials that they produce as a by-product that can still be used by other companies. This waste exchange has been in place since 1994. PBE also operates an Environmental Information Center for business and industry, which carries many titles on cleaner production, waste minimization, etc. 3.1.8
Other
Communities and agencies in Metro Manila have undertaken many types of IEC activities. In addition to the ones described in previous sections, the following are examples of other types of outreach currently being conducted: Billboards are being used in some communities (e.g., Quezon City). Although billboards are relatively expensive, they are larger, usually more prominent, and are more permanent than posters. Murals are being used effectively in Valenzuela and in other communities (see Figures 1 and 2). The murals can be painted by school children as part of a contest.
Mascots are used by MMDA and by some communities. They are particularly effective when working with school children. Crafts from recycled materials are made in some communities, e.g., Ugong (Pasig), Manila, and Talayan (Quezon City). In addition to being a potential source of revenue, the making and selling of crafts can serve as a motivational tool to the community. More details on these activities are provided in Annex 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Figure 1. Photographs of Murals in Valenzuela
3.2 ISSUES AND NEEDS Although much is being done to promote solid waste management, representatives of national and regional agencies, LGUs, and NGOs raised a number of issues. 3.2.1
Lack of Understanding of RA9003 at the Barangay Level
Most of the selected LGUs have conducted training activities for the barangay officials since their election in June 2002. Although the substance of these seminars was governance, in general, waste management was a particular section that was highlighted. Sometimes, however, the supplementary handout materials on waste management given to the barangay officials consisted only of a copy of RA9003, which the city officials suggested was too complicated and hard to read or understand. 3.2.2
Need for Ongoing Activity to Sustain Interest and Motivation
Repeatedly, it was mentioned that right after a big campaign or training seminar, people are motivated to segregate their household wastes but that their resolve often wanes after a few months. One principal reason for this waning of motivation is the lack of infrastructure for SWM such that after segregating at home, the haulers are seen mixing the materials at the time of collection. The success of the IEC is dependent on the availability of an integrated SWM system, which should include segregated collection, processing and proper disposal facility, as well as an IEC component. 3.2.3
Need for Support of LGU Officials
The support of LGU officials is one of the most important factors in the degree of success in the implementation of SWM programs. The support of the mayor and councilors is essential in the preparation of solid waste plans, in the development of segregated collection programs, and in the establishment of MRF’s. Similarly, the support of barangay officials is important in the community outreach and training activities. In communities where there are barangay officials whose political affiliations are different from those of the city mayor, the officials are reluctant to cooperate with the city’s SWM program. 3.2.4
Lack of Resources to Produce and Disseminate IEC Materials
Every IEC campaign requires financial and human resources. Even simple flyers cost money to produce, duplicate, and disseminate. In some cases, flyers have been prepared but not distributed because of a lack of funding to duplicate or print them. LGUs recognize the importance of a multi-faceted IEC strategy, but often there is no budget allocation for IEC. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Final Report
Lack of Strategic Plan for Coordination of IEC Initiatives
Although much has been produced and launched in terms of IEC for SWM by the DENR and the MMDA, there has been no coordinated long-term strategy or integrated plan for the agencies. A coordinated strategy would allow the agencies to optimise available financial and production resources. In addition, coordination of efforts would allow the promotion of a unified message throughout Metro Manila, and a sharing of materials that would be produced. 3.2.6
Need to Assess Effectivity of IEC Materials
A methodology for determining the effectivity of IEC campaigns is needed. Thus far, agencies rely mostly on intuition and informal feedback to assess the effectiveness of messages and materials. 3.2.7
Need for Useful Information at the City’s Ecology Center
Because some LGUs and many barangays do not have access to the Internet, it is important that hard copies of materials are available for use by barangay officials. Such information could include, for example, directories of recyclers and junk shops; directories of SWM suppliers like those of waste bins, trash bags, enzymes, compost bins, etc; examples with write-ups, pictures and contact numbers of good SWM systems; copies of good IEC printed materials; and an index of radio/TV plugs and videos.
3.3 DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS PLAN The results of the IEC Working Group and the evaluation by the consultants of existing solid waste management practices were used to develop an IEC strategy for the NSWMC. The essential elements of the strategy are presented below. Building on these elements, a short-term communications plan was prepared for implementation during the project (see Section 3.4). In addition, recommendations for a longer-term (3-year) communications plan were developed for consideration by the NSWMC (see Section 3.5). 3.3.1
Focus of Messages
Two concepts for messages were developed for the IEC activities. These concepts utilize a combined approach of education and motivation. An overview of the messages is provided below; the language for the messages will be developed based on the medium and the intended audience. Waste Costs -- the cost associated with improper management of waste Lives (e.g., Payatas) Health Resources (importance of source reduction, segregation, recycling, composting) Money Quality of life RA 9003 – the need to work together to solve the problem of waste management Avoid creating waste (source reduction) Paper, glass, plastic bottles – should be recycled Food waste should be composted (or used as animal feed in some cases) Residual waste should be disposed in a proper disposal site 3.3.2
Target Audiences
The initial focus of the IEC activities will be on: Influential groups, i.e., on those that have an impact on the behaviour of others o Government officials (e.g., DENR offices, LGU’s) o Civic organizations o Business leaders o Media Young school children The general public ____________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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The focus will be expanded as the communications plan is implemented to include religious groups and teachers (i.e., the members of the “influential group” ranked as no. 2 by the Working Group, see Section 2.2.4). 3.3.3
Outreach Options
Various strategies were considered in developing the communications plan. The following list was used as a basis for discussion, but was not meant to be all-inclusive. TV spots, talk shows, story lines Radio spots, talk shows Cinema spots Newspaper – press releases, feature stories, ads Videos (short spots) – schools, barangay halls, public waiting areas Videos (15 to 60 minutes) – schools, barangay associations, street level meetings, community associations Website/resource center Tours/seminars for representatives of the media Community seminars, meetings Billboards, walls, posters, bumper stickers, calendars Flyers – schools, businesses, barangay officials, households Comics RA 9003 information – simplified version (in Tagalog) of barangay responsibilities for distribution to barangay captains Soliciting advocacy of religious sector School clubs Community volunteers Contests – schools, barangays, communities Public address system Text messages Mascot/slogans
3.4
SHORT-TERM COMMUNICATIONS PLAN AND ACTIVITIES
The project team developed a strategy for IEC activities that would be conducted during the project. A list of the activities to be conducted during the project is provided in Table 3. The list is based on the targeted groups and types of activities identified previously. These activities form the basis for a longterm communications plan.
Table 3. List of IEC Activities Planned by Project Team Target Group DENR offices LGU’s
Activity Fact sheets on SWM to offices (part of on-going weekly program covering various environmental topics) Handout – simplification of RA 9003 and IRR Fact sheets - WACS, recycling, composting, residuals LGU ecology center materials
Civic organizations
Fact sheets (informative handouts) Resource speakers – develop list Recognition program – suggestions for program
Business leaders
Fact sheets (informative handouts) Refrigerator magnets (additional 2000) Resource speakers – develop list Recognition program – suggestions for program Coordination with PBE
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Final Report
Tour to MRF’s/workshop Press releases Press conferences
Children (4-12 yrs)
Tour to MRF and poster competition Competition -- suggestions for school competitions
General public
TV spots Radio spot Subliminal TV messages on tela-novelas/game shows Text messaging
Other
National Ecology Center materials
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The activities described below have been conducted to date. 3.4.1
Simplified RA 9003 and IRR
As mentioned previously, as the consultants visited representatives of cities and municipalities in Metro Manila involved in solid waste management, it became apparent that many officials at the barangay level either had not read RA 9003 or did not have copies of the law. It was repeatedly mentioned that the law and the IRR were too complicated. Hence the consultants decided to prepare a simplified flowchart of those sections that were most relevant to the barangay officials. The flowchart and supplementary materials are included in Figures 2 and 3 in English, and in Figures 4 and 5 in Tagalog. 3.4.2
Fact Sheets
In order to meet the need for factual information, simply written, the consultants prepared fact sheets. The fact sheets are one-page documents with photos and data that were intended to provide accurate information in an easy-to-read format. Fact sheets have been prepared covering the following four topics: waste characterization, recycling, composting, and residual wastes. The fact sheets have been used as follows: (1) included in the conference kit for the National Solid Waste Management Conference for Barangays held on April 14-15, 2003; (2) faxed or e-mailed to industry associations in conjunction with Earth Day; and (3) provided to the NSWMC and the EEIO for duplication and distribution as they saw fit. Copies of the fact sheets are provided in Figures 6 through 9. 3.4.3
Presentation at LGU Seminar and Workshop
As part of the objective of helping the LGU’s develop their 10-year SWM plan, the IEC consultants participated in the seminar and workshop held March 10-13, 2003, in Antipolo. A presentation was made at the seminar, and templates were distributed during the workshop (see Annex 3). 3.4.4
MRF Tour and Poster Contest
To raise awareness on proper solid waste management at the community level, a tour of a functioning MRF was planned. The selected MRF was that in Marulas, Valenzuela, which is operated by the city government. Twenty children of DENR employees who come from different schools in Metro-Manila were invited. Their age range was from 7 to 12 years. Members of media were invited to cover the event; 14 representatives from the print and radio/TV media attended. The purpose of inviting media to participate was twofold: (1) to receive news coverage of the event; and (2) to provide media with factual information regarding waste management through the media kit and the workshop presentation. It is significant to note that some of the media representatives who participated said that they indeed found the trip worthwhile and hoped that another one will be planned for their colleagues who were not able to participate. A copy of the media kit that was distributed is included in Annex 4. The children were divided into four groups to tour the four stations set up by the MRF operators, namely recycling, composting, residual waste and gardening. By rotation, each group was able to spend 15 minutes at each station, where the children participated in hands-on activities. Safety equipment was provided. Children and media were invited to lunch, during which time a short workshop was given on the importance of ecological solid waste management (see Annex 5). Photos from the MRF tour and luncheon are presented in Figure 10.
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BARANGA– LEVEL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AS
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Start
Create SWM Committee Example: 100% Collection coverage by 2005 90% Reduction by 2006
Set SWM Vision/Goal Coordinate with city/ municipality FO R M UL AT IO N OF PR O GR A M
Example: Composition of total city Waste 40% - Food Waste 10% - Plastic 10% - Garden Waste 10% - Metal Waste 10% - Paper 20% - Mixed
Get relevant info from City/municipality ’ sWaste Characterization and Analysis
Example: Collection: Required segregation by July 2003 Reduction: 50% reduction by December 2003 65% by December 2004 80% by 2005
Set Progressive Targets
Identify Strategies
10 -Year SWM Program Example: IEC – • trainings seminars for 30 schools in 2003 • 2 TV / cinema plugs for 2004
Identify Partner Barangays
Policy • Ordinance for segregated collection
Allocate Funds
Set up MRF
•Identify, acquire land •Design •Acquire equipment •Build facility •Maintain logbook •Directory of Recyclers •Composting facility •Training
Set up collection / transfer system of recyclable & biodegradables •Schedule •Get vehicles / haulers •Training •Establish fees •Segregated materials
Inform public
•Bulletins •Flyers •PA system •Posters •Text message
Set up enforcement mechanism •Pass Ordinance, specify fines & Penalties •Deputize SWM officers
Set up disposal system
•Tipping fee • Monthly reports
Monitor / track performance
Im ple me ntat ion Pha se
Adjust targets / strategies
ADB TA 3848-PHI- Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 2. Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English
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SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILS TO FLOWCHART ON SWM FOR BARANGAYS AS PER RA9003 Members of Barangay SWM Committee 1) 1 kagawad 2) SK chair 3) Presidents of homeowners’ associations 4) Public/private school principals or their representatives 5) 1 PTA president or representative 6) 1 religious organization representative 7) 1 business community representative 8) 1 environmental NGO representative 9) President of Market Vendors Association 10) 1 representative from junkshop owners’ representatives
Source Reduction • Identify strategies for reducing solid waste generated at source and the measures to implement these strategies • Identify appropriate waste reduction technologies • List types of wastes to be reduced
Functions of SWM Committee 1) Formulate SWM program consistent with city municipality plan 2) Segregation and collection of biodegradable, compostable, reusable wastes 3) Establish MRF 4) Allocate barangay funds; look for sources of funds 5) Organize core coordinators 6) Submit monthly reports to city or municipality
Recycling • List the types of materials to be recycled in line with the reduction targets • Develop a program and implementation schedule that shows the measures by which the targets will be achieved
Composting • List the types of materials which will be composted under the city/municipality SWM plan • Develop a program and implementation schedule that shows the measures by which the targets will be achieved
Collection and Transfer a) The barangay shall ensure that 100% collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources within its area of coverage is achieved. b) Identify the specific strategies and activities to be undertaken by its component barangays taking into account the following concerns: i. Availability and provision of properly designed containers or receptacles in selected collection points for the temporary storage of solid waste while awaiting collection and transfer to processing sites or to final disposal sites. ii. Segregation of different types of solid waste for re-use, recycling and composting. iii. Hauling and transfer of solid waste from source or collection points to processing sites or final disposal sites. iv. Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to effectively implement a collection system in the barangay. v. Provision of properly trained officers and workers to handle solid waste disposal. c) Minimum standards: i. Personnel should be equipped with protective equipment and paraphernalia. ii. Training provided by DOH. iii. Prevent damage to containers, slippages or scattering of solid waste within the collection vicinity. iv. Equipment used in the collection and transport of solid waste shall be constructed, operated and maintained in such a manner as to minimize health and safety hazards. v. Equipment shall be maintained in good condition and kept clean to prevent the propagation or attraction of vectors and the creation of nuisances. vi. Use of separate vehicles. Otherwise, vehicles should have compartments for sorting wastes while in transit. The compartments should have a cover. vii. Vehicles shall be designed to consider road size, condition and capacity to ensure the safe and efficient collection and transport of solid wastes. viii. Vehicles shall bear the body number, the name and telephone number of the contractor/agency collecting solid waste.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English
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Education and Public Information The barangay shall: 1) Educate and inform citizens about the source reduction, recycling and composting programs. 2) Ensure that information on waste collection services, solid waste management and related health and environmental are widely disseminated among the public.
Operations of a Materials Recovery Facility 1) 2) 3)
4) 5) Power to Collect SWM Fees The local SWM Board/local SWM cluster Board shall impose fees on the SWM services provided for by the LGU or its authorized unit. In determining the fees, the local board shall include those costs directly related to the adoption and implementation of the SWM Plan and the setting and collection of the local fees. This power to impose fees may be ceded to the private sector and civil society groups. The fees shall pay for the costs of preparing, adopting and implementing a SWM Plan prepared pursuant to the Act. Further, the fees shall also be used to pay the actual costs incurred in collecting the local fees and for project sustainability. Basis of SWM fees: 1) Types of solid waste to include special waste 2) Amount/volume of waste 3) Distance of the transfer station to the waste management facility 4) Capacity or type of LGU constituency 5) Cost of construction 6) Cost of management 7) Type of technology
i. ii. iii. iv. • • 6) i. 7) i. ii. • •
Collection of Fees The barangay may impose fees for collection and segregation of biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes from household, commerce, other sources of domestic wastes, and for the use of barangay MRFs. The computation of the fees shall be established by the respective SWM boards. The manner of collection of the fees shall be dependent on the style of administration of respective Barangay Councils. All transactions must follow the Commission on Audit rules on collection of fees.
Final Report
iii. iv. v. vi. vii.
Barangays shall be responsible for the collection, segregation, recycling of biodegradable, recyclable, compostable and reusable wastes. MRFs will be established in every barangay or cluster of barangays. Establishment of an MRF in a barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay through its Sanggunian. The MRF shall be designed to receive biodegradable wastes for composting and mixed non-biodegradable wastes for final segregation, re-use and recycling, provided that each type of mixed waste is collected from the source and transported to the MRF in separate containers. The resulting residual waste shall be transferred to a long-term storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfill. The MRF shall be designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner. The facility shall address the following considerations: The building and/or land layout and equipment must be designed to accommodate efficient and safe materials processing, movement and storage. The building must be designed to allow efficient and safe external access and to accommodate internal flow. If the MRF includes a composting operation, it shall comply with the provision of Section 2. The following records shall be kept and maintained such that they can be submitted to DENR upon request: Record of daily weights or volumes of waste received, processed and removed from site accurate to within 10% and adequate for overall planning purposes and tracking of success of waste diversion goals. Daily logbook or file of the following information shall be maintained; fire and other special occurrences, unauthorized loads, injury and property damage. Guidelines for compost quality Composted materials intended to be distributed commercially must conform to the standards for organic fertilizers set by the DA, and be free of hazardous/toxic constituents. Minimum requisites for operating composting facilities The facility shall not be sited in areas subject to frequent flooding, unless engineering controls are provided in the design to prevent inundation of the facility. Leachate and drainage control Facilities shall be designed such that compost piles, windrows, residues and processed material will not come in contact with surface storm run-off. Where excess leachate storage is provided, discharge of leachate into any body of water is prohibited unless leachate meets DENR standards. If necessary, leachate can be stored but still within DENR standards. Leachate shall be treated and re-circulated back into compost piles or windrows as much as possible. Provisions for vector, odor, litter and dust control shall be included. Record keeping shall be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 2(b) of URR. Residues shall be managed as solid waste and shall be disposed of as such. Temperatures of compost piles, curing piles and processed composts shall be maintained in safe levels to prevent spontaneous combustion. Aerobic conditions shall be maintained to prevent creation of dangerous gases such as methane.
The Collection and Retention of Fees The collection of fines under the penal provisions of the Act may be conducted by the Local SWM Board/Local SWM Cluster Board or any other authorized body. The collection shall be receipted. Alternatively, the Local SWM Board/Local SWM Cluster Board or any authorized body shall retain 40% portion of the collected fees from fines and remit 60% of the same to the SWM Fund as prescribed in the Act.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English (continued)
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Prohibited Acts and the Corresponding Fines and Penalties Prohibited Acts Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and establishments, or causing or permitting the same.
Fines Payment in the amount not less than P300 but not more than P1000.
Penalties Rendering of community service for not less than 1 day but not more than 15 days to an LGU where such prohibited acts are committed or both.
Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting equipment in violation of sanitation operation and other requirements of this act.
Payment in the amount not less than P300 but not more than P1000.
Imprisonment of not less than one (1) day to not more than fifteen (15) days or both.
Payment in the amount not less than P1000 but not more than P3000.
Imprisonment of not less than fifteen (15) days to not more than six (6) months or both.
For the first offense, a fine of P500,000 plus an amount not less than 5% but not more than 10% of his net annual income during the previous year.
For the second or subsequent offenses, the additional penalty of imprisonment of a minimum period of one (1) year, but not to exceed three (3) years at the discretion of the court.
Payment in the amount of not less than P10,000 but not more than P200,000.
Imprisonment of not less than thirty (30) days but not more than three (3) years or both.
Payment in the amount not less than P100,000 but not more than P1,000,000.
Imprisonment of not less than one (1) year but not more than six (6) years or both.
The open burning of solid waste. Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsorted waste. Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials in flood-prone areas. Unauthorized removal of recyclable materials intended for collection by authorized persons. The mixing of source separated recyclable material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal. Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in RA9003, or closure of said dumps in violation of Section 37 of the Act. The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials. Importation of consumer products packaged in nonenvironmentally acceptable materials. Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as “recyclable” or “with recyclable content.” Transport and dumping in bulk of collected domestic, industrial, commercial and institutional wastes in areas other than facilities prescribed under RA9003. Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of waste management facilities without an Environmental Compliance Certificate required pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and the Act and not conforming to the land use plan of the LGU. The construction of any establishment within 200 meters from open dump or controlled dumps or sanitary landfills. The construction or operation of landfills or any waste disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir or watershed area and/or any portion thereof.
Deputization of Solid Waste Management Officers The commission is authorized to deputize persons, individuals or entities to be Solid Waste Management Officers, giving them authority to effect the arrest of violators in accordance with the law, for the purposes of enforcing and implementing RA9003, its Implementing Rules and Regulations and other rules and regulations governing solid waste management. The deputization shall be under the recommendation of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board at City/ Municipality Solid Waste Management Boards.
Figure 3. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, English (continued)
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Final Report
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SA HANAY NG BARANGGAY HANGO SA RA 9003 Simula
Lumikha ng Komite para sa SWM Halimbawa: Magtalaga ng mga pangkalahatang layunin
90% antas ng koleksyon pagdating ng 2005 25 % bawas sa taong 2006
PAGBUO NG PROGRAMA
Makipag-ugnayan sa lungsod Halimbawa: Komposisyon ng lahat ng basura sa barangay
Mangalap ng mga nauukol na impormasyon mula sa Waste Characterization Analysis ng Lungsod
40% - Pagkain 10% - Halaman 10% - Papel
Magtalaga ng mga progresibong na hangarin
10% - Plastik 10% - Metal 20% -Pinaghalong Basura
Halimbawa: Koleksyon: Kinakailangang mapagbukod-bukod sa Hulyo 2003. Bawas: 10% bawas pagdating ng Disyembre 2003 90% bawas pagdating ng Disyembre 2004 100% bawas pagdating ng 2005
Gumawa ng mga isratehiya
10 taong SWM Plan
Halimbawa:
Humanap ng mga kapanalig na barangay
Impormasyon at Edukasyon • Seminar/Pagsasanay para sa 30 paaralan sa 2003 • 2 Plugs sa telebisyon o sinehan sa 2004 Patakaran Ordinansa ukol sa hiwa-hiwalay na koleksyon
Mamahagi ng mga pondo
Magtatag ng Materials Recovery Facility
• • • • • • •
Alamin ang nakuhang lupa Disenyo Magkaroon ng mga gamit Magtayo ng pasilidad Magmintini ng talaan Talaan ng mga Recyclables Pasilidad para sa pataba Pagsasanay
Magtatag ng isang mekanismo ng pagpapatupad
Bigyan kaalaman ang madla
•Talaan • Kumuha ng sasakyang panghakot • Pagsasanay • Maglagay ng upa • Pinaghiwahiwalay na materyales
• Bulitin • Public Address system • Poster • Mensahe sa Text
• Magpasa ng ordinansa, karampatang multa at parusa • Magtalaga ng mga kinatawan bilang SWM Officers
Bantayan Bantayan ang ang pagpapatupad pagpapatupad
Makipag-ugnayan sa lungsod o munisipyo tungkol sa pagtatapon
• Pabuya • Buwanang ulat
BAHAGI NG PAGPAPATUPAD
•
Maglagay ng isang sistema para sa koleksyon
Iukol ang mga hangarin at istratehiya
Figure 4. Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog
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ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Final Report
KARAGDAGANG DETALYE SA PAMAMARAAN NG PAMAMAHALA NG BASURA O SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) PARA SA MGA BARANGAY (RA 9003) Miyembro ng Komite ng Barangay Para sa Tagapangulo ng SWM 1) Isang kagawad 2) Tagapangulo ng sangguniang kabataan 3) Pangulo ng asosasyon ng may-ari ng bahay 4) Punong-guro ng paaralang pampribado o pampubliko o ang kanilang kinatawan 5) 1 pangulo ng Parent-Teacher Association o kinatawan 6) 1 kinatawan ng organisasyon ng mga relihiyon o simbahan 7) 1 kinatawan ng komunidad ng negosyo 8) 1 kinatawan ng pangkalikasang NGO 9) Pangulo ng asosasyon ng mga nagtitinda sa palengke 10) 1 kinatawan ng may-ari ng junkshop
Pagreresikio • Ilista ang mga uri ng mga materyales na muling magagamit na nasa hanay ng mga hinahangad na bawasan • Gumawa ng programa at plano ng pagpapatupad na nagpapatupad ng mga hakbang king saan ang mga layunin ay maisasakatuparan
Gawain ng Komite ng SWM 1) Bumuo ng programang SWM na naaayon sa plano ng munisipyo sa lungsod 2) Pagbubukod at pangongolekta ng mga nabubulok at nareresiklong na basura 3) Magtayo ng Materials Recovery Facility 4) Maglaan ng pondo sa barangay, humanap ng mapagkukunan ng pondo 5) Bumuo ng mangungunang grupo 6) Magpasa ng buwanang ulat sa lungsod o sa munisipyo
Pagbabawas sa Pinanggagalingan ng Basura • Pumili ng stratehiya sa pagbabawas ng basura mula sa pinanggalingan at ang hakbang sa pagpapatupad ng mga stratehiya • Pumili ng nararapat na teknolohiya sa pagbabawas ng basura • Ilista ang mga uri ng basura na dapat bawasan
Composting • Ilista ang mga uri ang mga materyales na gagawing pataba sa ilalim ng plano ng lungsod/ munisipyo ukol sa SWM • Gumawa ng programa at plano ng pagpapatupad na nagpapakita ng mga hakbang upang maisakatuparan ang mga layunin
Koleksiyon at Paglilipat ng Basura 1) Tiyakin ng barangay na isandaang porsiyento ang koleksyon ng basura, sa iba’t iba nitong uri, sa mga nasasakupang kabahayan, komersyal, industriya at agrikulturang lugar 2) Pumili ng natatanging stratehiya at gawain sa ilalim ng mga barangay na binibigyang pansin ang mga sumusunod na malasakit: i) Porbisyon ng mga maayos na disenyo ng mga lalagyan sa mga piling lugar ng koleksyon para sa pansamantalang pagiimbak ng panapon habang naghihintay sa paglilipat sa huling luga ng tapunan. ii) Paghihiwa-hiwalay ng iba’t-ibang klase ng panapon para sa muling paggamit, puwedent iresiklo at nabubulok. iii) Pagbibiyahe at paglilipat ng mga panapon mula sa pinanggalaingan hanggang sa huling lugar ng tapunan. iv) Paglalabas at pagpapatupad ng mga ordinansa para maayos na maipatupad and sisterna ng koleksyon sa mga barangay. v) Paghahanda ng mga sinanay na mabuti ng mga opisyales at manggagawa para marnahala sa pagtatapon ng panapon. 3) Pinakamababang Batayan i) Ang tauhan ay dapat nakasuot ng kagamitang pangproteksyon at iba pang kasuotan. ii) Pagsasanay na ibinigay ng DOH. iii) Iwasan ang pagkasira ng mga lalagyan ng papapon o ang pagkakalat ng panapon sa loob ng pinagkokolektahan ng basura. iv) Ang mga ginagamit sa pangungulekta at pagbibiyahe ng solid waste ay dapat ayusin, patakbuhin at panatilihin sa tamang kondisyon para mabawasan ang panganib sa buhay at kaligtasan. v) Ang mga kagamitan ay dapat panatilihin sa tamang kondisyon at panatilihing malinis para maiwasan ang pagkalat at pag-akit sa mga nagdadala ng sakit at ang paglikha ng mga peste. vi) Gumamit ng panghiwalay o kung hindi ang sasakyan ay dapat may kompartment saw paghihiwalay ng basura habang inililipat. Ang kompartment ay dapay may takip. vii) Ang sasakyan ay dapat binuo nang naaayon sa sukat, kondisyon at kapasidad ng kalsada para matiyak ang kaligtas an.at maayos na koleksyon at pagbibiyahe ng solid waste. viii) Dapat ang sasakyan ay may numero, pangalan at telepono ng ahensyang kumukuha ng solid waste.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog
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ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Edukasyon at Pampublikong Impormasyon 1) Ang mga malasakit ay magtuturo at magbibigay ng impormasyon sa mga mamamayan ng barangay tungkol sa programa ng pagbabawas ng pinanggagalingan, paggamit muli, at pagbubulok ng panapon. 2) Tiyakin na ang impormasyon sa mga serbisyo ng pangungolekta ng panapon, pamamalakad sa solid waste at kaugnay na kalusugan at pangkalikasan ay malawakang maipaalam sa publiko.
Pagpapatakbo ng Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) 1) 2) 3)
Kapangyarihan na Mangulekta ng Bayad sa Pamamahala ng Basura
4)
Ang lokal na SWM Board/ lokal na SWM cluster board ay dapat magtakda ng kaukulang bayad sa serbisyo ng SWM na itinakda ng LGU. Sa pagtatakda ng mga bayad dapat isama ng lokal na board ang halaga na direktang may kaugnayan sa pagpapatupad ng plano ng SWM at ang lugal at koleksyon ng mga lokal na bayad. Ang kapangyarihang magtakda ng bayad ay maaaring ipagkaloob sa mga pribadong sektor at sa grupo ng civil society.
5)
i. ii. iii. iv.
Ang butaw ay ibabayad para sa halaga ng pagaayos, pag-aangkop at pagapapatupad ng plano ng SWM na naaayon sa batas. Ang butaw ay gagamitin din sa pagbabayad sa aktwal na halaga na nakuha sa pangongolekta ng mga bayad at sa pagsuporta sa proyekto. Batayan ng butaw para sa SWM a) Uri ng basura, kasama ang natatanging na basura. b) Dami ng basura. c) Layo ng pinaglipatang istasyon sa pasilidad ng waste management. d) Kakayahan o uri ng kliyente o konsumer ng LGU. e) Halaga ng pagbubuo. f) Halaga ng pamamahala. g) Uri ng teknolohiya.
• • 6) i. 7) i. ii. • •
Koleksiyon ng Butaw Ang barangay ay maaaring magtakda ng butaw para sa koleksyon at paghihiwa-hiwalay ng mga nabubulok at maaaring gamiting muli na basura na galing sa tahanan, negosyo, at iba pang pinanggagalingan ng galing sa basura, at sa paggamit ng Barangay MRFs. Ang komputasyon ng mga butaw ay gagawin ng mga SWM boards. Ang paraan ng pangungulekta ng butaw ay naaayon sa alituntunin ng Commission on Audit sa koleksyon ng butaw.
Final Report
iii. iv. v. vi. vii.
Responsibilidad ng barangay ang pangongolekta ng ipinaghiwalay na basurang nabubulok at nareresiklo. Ang MRF ay itinatagubilin sa bawat barangay o grupo ng mga magkakalapit na barangay. Magsagawa ng MRF sa mga pag-aari ng barangay o inuupahang lupain o kahit saang maayos na lugar na malalaman ng mga barangay sa pamamagitan ng kanyang sanggunian. Sa MRF tinatanggap ang mga nabubulok la basura na gagawing pataba at pagsamahin ang di-nabubulok na basura para sa huling paghihiwa-hiwalay, paggamit muli, at pagreresikio. Ipagpalagay na ang bawat klase ng pinagsamang basura ay kinuha sa pinagmulan at dinala sa MRF sa hiwalay na lalagyan. Isalin ang resulta ng mga basura. Ang mga isinalin na basura ay ililipat sa mahabang termino ng pag-iimbak o sa pasilidad ng tapunan ng basura o sanitary landfill. Ang MRF ay dapat ginawa para tumanggap, magbukod, magproseso, at magimbak ng gagawing pataba at materyales na nareresiklo ng maayos at sa makakalikasang paraan. Ang mga sumusunod na konsiderasyon ay dapat sundin: Ang gusali at ang pagkakaayos ng lupa at mga kagamitan ay dapat idisenyo para matanggap nang maayos at ligtas ang proseso, pag-iimbak ng mga materyales. Ang gusali ay dapat ginawa para sa maayos at matalinong panlabas na acess at sa pagtanggap sa panloob na daloy. King kasama sa MRF ang operasyon sa pagbubulok, dapat ito ay naaayon sa probisyon ng Seksiyon 2. Ang mga sumusunod ay dapat itago at panatilihin para isumite sa DENR kapag hiningi Listahan ng araw-araw na timbang at dami ng basura na natanggap, naproseso at inaalis sa lugar na eksakto sa loob ng 10% at tama para sa pangkalahatang pagpaplano ng mga layunin. Pang-araw araw na listahan o papeles ng mga sumusunod na impormasyon ay dapat panatilihin, sunog at iba panbg espesyal na pangyayari, walang permisong bagahe, sakuna at pagkisira ng mga pag-aari. Pamantayan para sa Kalidad ng Pataba Ang nabubulk na materyales ay dapat naaayon sa mga batayan para sa organikong pataba na itinakda ng DA, walang halong nakakalasong kemikal. Pinakamahabang Alituntunin para sa Pagpapatakbo ng Pasilidad sa Pagbubulok Ang pasilidad ay hindi dapat itayo sa lugar na malimit na binabaha maiwasan ang pagbaha sa pasilidad Leachate at tuyong pagkontrol Ang pasilidad ay dapat dinesenyo nang sa ganon ay maraming nabubulok, windrows, mga tira at naprosesong materyales na hindi mapasama sa mga dinala ng bagyo. King saan ang mga sobrang imbakan ng leachate ay maihanda, pagtatapon ng leachate sa kahit saang bahagi ng tubig ay ipinagbabawal maliban kung naabot nito ang batayan ng DENR. Dapat isama ang probisyon sa pagkontrol sa peste, amoy, kalat, at alikabok. Ang pagtatago ng mga talaan ay dapat panatilihin sa lahat ng oras ng naaayon sa Seksyon 2(b) kung IRR ng regulasyon. Ang mga natitira ay dapat pamahalaan at itapon bilang basura. Ang temperatura ng compost piles, curing piles at naprosesong composts ay dapat panatilihin sa ligtas na lebel para maiwasan ang tuloy-tuloy na pagsusunog ng basura. Ang kondisyong aerobic ay dapat panatilihin para maiwasan ang paglikha ng mapanganib na hangin katulad ng methane.
Ang Koleksyon at Pagpapanatili ng Butaw Ang koleksyon sa mga multa sa ilalim ng penal provisions of the Act ay maaaring gawin ng mga lokal na SWM Board/ lokal na SWM Cluster Board o ng ibang grupo ng mga tao na nabigyan ng karapatan dito. Ang koleksyon ay dapat may resibo. Maaaring panatilihin ng lokal na SWM Board/ lokal na SWM Cluster Board ang 40% ng nakulektang bayad sa multa at ibalik ang 60% sa SWM Fund na itinakda sa Act.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog (continued)
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Final Report
Mga Ipinanagbabawal na Gawain at ang Katumbas na Multa at Kaparusahan Ipinagbabawal na Gawain Pagkakalat, pagtatapon ng mga basura sa mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng kalsada, sidewalks, mga kanal, mga ester o mga parke at establisimiyento.
Multa Pagbabayad ng halagang di bababa sa tatlong daang piso (P300) at di lalagpas sa isang libong piso (P1000).
Parusa Pagsasagawa ng serbisyong pangkomunidad na hindi bababa sa isang (1) araw at hindi lalagpas sa labing-limang (15) araw sa LGU kung saan nagawa ang ipinagbabawal, o pareho.
Mga gawain o pagpapatakbo, pangungulekta o pagbibiyahe ng mga kagamitan na labag sa operasyon ng paglilinis at iba pang hinihingi ng gawaing ito.
Pagbabayad ng halagang di bababa sa tatlong daang piso (P300) at di lalagpas sa isang libong piso (P1000).
Pagkakakulong nang hindi bababa sa isang araw at hindi lalagpas sa labing-limang (15) araw o pareho.
Pagbabayad ng halagang di bababa sa isang libong piso (P1000) at di lalagpas sa tatlong libong piso (P3000).
Pagkakabilanggo ng hindi bababa sa labing-limang (15) araw at hindi lalagpas sa anim na buwan.
Para sa unang paglabag, ang pagmumulta ng limang daang piso at halagang di bababa sa limang porsiyento (5%) ngunit di lalagpas sa sampung porsiyento (10%) ng kanyang kabuuang taunang kita ng nakaraang taon.
Para sa pangalawang paglabag, may dagdag na karapatang kaparusahan ng pagkakabilanggo na hindi bababa sa isang (1) taon at hindi lalagpas sa tatlong taon (3) na naaayon sa korte.
Pagbabayad ng halagang di bababa sa sampung libong piso (P10,000) at di lalagpas sa dalawang daang libong piso (P200,000).
Pagkakabilanggo nang hindi bababa sa tatlumpung (30) araw at hindi lalagpas sa tatlong (3) taon.
Pagbabayad ng halagang di bababa sa isandaang libong piso (P100,000) at di lalagpas sa isang milyong piso (P1,000,000.00).
Pagkakabilanggo nang hindi bababa sa isang (1) taon at hindi lalagpas sa anim (6) na taon.
Pagsusunog ng basura sa bukas na lugar. Pagiging sanhi o pagtanggap ng koleksyon ng basura na hindi hiwa-hiwalay. Bukas na pagtatapon, pagsusunog ng mga nabubulok at hindi nabubulok na bagay sa mgay binabahang lugar. Walang pahintulot na pagtanggal ng mga nareresiklong bagay. Ang paghahalo ng mga muling magagamit na materyales sa ibang basura sa anumang sasakyan, kahon, o anumang lalagyan na ginagamit sa koleksyon o pagtatapon ng basura. Paggawa o pagpapatakbo ng mga bukas na tambakan na ipinagbabawal sa RA 9003, o pagsasara ng nasabing tambakan na labag sa Seksyon 37. Ang paggawa, pagbabahagi o paggamit ng mga pambalot o pangkahong materyales na hindi makakalikasan. Pagpasok ng mga pambalot na produkto na hindi makakalikasan. Pagpapasok ng mga nakakalasong basura na pinagkamalang “nareresiklo” o “o maynilalamang nareresiklo.” Pagbibiyahe at pagtatapon ng kinuhang basura ng tahanan, industriya, ng negosyo at institusyon sa lugar na iba sa itinakda sa ilalim ng RA 9003. Paghahanda ng lugar, pagtatayo, pagpapalawak o pagpapatakbo ng lugar na ayusan ng basura na walang Environmental Compliance Certificate na ipinaguutos ng Presidential Decree No. 1586, RA 9003 at hindi pagkumpirma sa planong paggamit ng lupa ng LGU. Pagtatayo ng anumang establisimiyento sa loob ng dalawang metro mula sa bukas na tapunan ng basura o pinamamahalaang basurahan. Pagtatayo o pagpapatakbo ng mga pasilidad ng tapunan ng basura sa anumang pinanggagalingan ng tubig at anumang bahaging may tubig.
Pagtatalaga ng mga Pinuno ng Pamamahala ng Basura Ang komisyon ay may karapatan na magtalaga ng mga tao, indibidwal para maging pinuno ng solid waste management. Binibigyan sila ng karapatang hulihin ang sinumang lumalabag sa mga layunin at ipinag-uutos ng pagpapatupad sa RA9003. Ang pagtatalaga ay dapat isailalim sa rekomendasyon ng Provincial Solid Waste Management Board at City/ Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards.
Figure 5. Supplementary Information to Flowchart of RA 9003 for Barangays, Tagalog (continued)
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Final Report
Waste Characterization Study (WACS) RA 9003 requires communities throughout the Philippines to: • collect segregated waste: biodegradables (nabubulok), recyclables (pwedeng irecycle), and residual waste (dapat itapon) Cities and municipalities are required to: • prepare a 10-year solid waste management (SWM) plan to recycle the recyclables, to compost/treat the biodegradables, and to properly dispose the residual waste
Each city/municipality should conduct a study to determine the quantity and composition of waste disposed (WACS): • quantity • composition • bulk density • moisture content The NSWMC has developed standardized procedures that allow communities to conduct low-cost, but reliable, analyses.
Composition of Disposed Waste from Low-Income Residential Areas - Muntinlupa (February 2003, % wet wt)
Other Organic 10%
Other Inorganic 5% Paper 11%
Yard Waste 11%
Glass 4% Metal 4%
Kitchen/Food Waste 24% Plastic 31%
Bulk Densities for Selected Generators (kg/m3)
Composition of Disposed Waste from Markets - Muntinlupa (February 2003, % wet wt) Yard Waste 8%
Institutional:
91
Middle-Income Areas:
148
Markets:
325
Other Organic 10% Paper 4% Metal 1%
Kitchen/Food Waste 68%
Plastic 9%
The results of the waste characterization study should be used by the city/ municipality to prepare its 10-year SWM plan and design an ecological solid waste management system that will meet the needs of the community and the requirements of RA 9003.
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 6. Fact Sheet on Waste Characterization Studies
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Final Report
Recyclable Materials Currently, recyclable materials are removed from the waste stream and recycled at many points: prior to disposal at the household, through segregated collection (e.g., by Eco-Aides), during collection, at junk shops, at the disposal site, and others. A wide range of materials are recycled. Nevertheless, large quantities of potentially recyclable materials are still being disposed. For example, the results of a waste characterization study conducted in Muntinlupa indicate that 16.7% of the waste disposed by hotels and condominiums is paper, some of which could be recycled. RA 9003 states that recyclable materials should be segregated at the source by residents, businesses, institutions, and industry. Each barangay is responsible for promoting segregated collection, and for identifying a facility to process the recyclables – a Materials Recovery Facility, or MRF. A MRF is to be established in every barangay or cluster of barangays. The design of a MRF may range from a small storage area to a facility with mechanical equipment, such as conveyors, a baler, and a shredder.
Composition of Disposed Waste from Hotels/Condominiums in Muntinlupa (February 2003, % wet wt) PAPER
3.6%
Newspaper
2.5%
Office Paper/High Grade
6.5%
Mixed Paper
GLASS
4.1%
1.1%
Bottles & Containers
0.8%
Other Composite
0.3%
METALS
2.7%
Tin/Steel Cans
1.3%
Other Ferrous
0.7%
Aluminum Cans
0.7%
Other Non-Ferrous
PLASTIC PET HDPE Film Plastic/LDPE
0.0%
29.2% 2.0% 0.8% 17.9%
Diapers
0.6%
Styrofoam
2.3%
PVC
2.1%
Other Composite
3.5%
OTHER ORGANIC
41.6%
Kitchen/Food Waste
21.0%
Yard/Landscape
15.9%
Wood
1.5%
Textiles
2.4%
Leather
0.0%
Tires/Rubber
0.2%
Animal Remains
0.0%
Foam
OTHER INORGANIC
0.6%
8.1%
Rock/Concrete/Brick
0.0%
Ceramic/Stone
0.9%
Soil/Sand
7.2%
Ash/Charcoal
0.0%
HAZARDOUS
0.8%
Small Batteries
In deciding what type of MRF is best for your community, the following factors should be considered: • type and quantity of materials taken to the facility • land area available • storage needs • requirements of markets • investment cost • operating cost
16.7%
Cardboard/Paper Bags
Other Composite
SPECIAL
0.7% 0.1%
0.0%
Medical Wastes
0.0%
Electronic Appliances
0.0%
TOTAL
100.0%
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 7. Fact Sheet on Recycling
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Final Report
Biodegradable Materials A high percentage of the waste generated and disposed in the Philippines is readily biodegradable, including: • kitchen/food waste • yard waste (garden waste) • wood scraps • natural-fiber textiles • animal remains
RA 9003 states that biodegradables should be segregated at the source of generation by residents, businesses, institutions, and industry. Results of a waste characterization study show that the percentage of biodegradable waste disposed in Muntinlupa ranges from 28.6% to 86.2% per sector:
Composition of Disposed Waste in Muntinlupa (February 2003, % wet wt)
Uncontaminated kitchen/food waste could be used: • as animal feed (onsite, or offsite in some cases) • in composting for production of a soil amendment • in biogasification for production of gas • in other products or processes
Source of Waste Low-income areas Middle-income areas High-income areas Offices Industrial Institutional Markets
Kitchen/ Food Waste 24.4% 17.2% 13.3% 21.0% 15.9% 9.8% 68.6%
Yard Waste 10.8% 5.7% 30.9% 15.9% 4.4% 8.8% 7.6%
Other Organic Waste 9.6% 18.6% 5.1% 4.7% 18.9% 10.0% 10.0%
Totals 44.8% 41.5% 49.3% 41.6% 39.2% 28.6% 86.2%
Enclosed Trough Windrows
Drum
Biodigester
In choosing a composting system, the following factors should be considered: • types of materials to be processed • quantity of waste to be processed • land area available • distance from residents, businesses, schools, or hospitals • storage requirements for finished compost • system to manage odors • investment cost • operating cost
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 8. Fact Sheet on Composting
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Final Report
Residual Waste Proper disposal of residual waste is essential for the protection of public health and the environment. RA 9003 requires that cities/ municipalities collect residual waste for proper disposal. Residual waste may consist of: • non-biodegradable, non-recyclable waste from generators (households, businesses, etc.) • non-biodegradable, non-recyclable waste from MRFs or other processing facilities Communities should make every effort to reduce the amount of waste going to disposal sites.
RA 9003 requires that communities improve existing disposal facilities. Within 3 years of the effectivity of RA 9003, open dumps must either be closed or upgraded to controlled dumps and, within 5 years, controlled dumps must either be closed or upgraded to sanitary landfills. Controlled dumps must: have a well-maintained access road; restrict waste to small working areas; regularly cover waste using inert material; control surface water, litter, and waste picking; and maintain records.
Open Dump Definitions in RA 9003 Open dump – disposal area wherein the solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration for environmental and health standards
Sanitary Landfill
Methane Gas Collection and Venting
Clay Cap
Active AreaDaily Cover
Gas Production
Compaction
Topsoil Waste Cell Gravel Bed Leachate Collection Pipes Liner (clay or synthetic) Groundwater Monitoring Well
Diagram of a Sanitary Landfill
Collection Leachate Collection
Controlled dump – disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation Sanitary landfill – disposal site that is designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 9. Fact Sheet on Disposal of Residual Waste
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Figure 10. Tour of Materials Recovery Facility and Workshop Luncheon After lunch, the children proceeded to the Parks and Wildlife Bureau compound on Quezon Avenue. At a gazebo in the park, they participated in a poster-making contest. Based on what they saw and did in the morning, they were asked to make a poster along the theme: what children can do to help in solid waste management. They were divided into two age groups: 10 and below and 11-12 years. They were each provided an illustration board, a box of oil pastels, pencil and eraser. Photos from the poster-making contest are provided in Figure 11.
Figure 11. Poster-Making Contest For each age group, first, second and third prizewinners were selected and given P1, 500; P1, 000; and P500, respectively. The board of judges consisted of the resident artists from the NSWMC and PAO and the ADB-TA’s team leader. Photos of the winning entries are presented in Figures 12 and 13.
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Figure 12. Winning Entries in the First Age Group (ages 11-12)
Figure 13. Winning Entries in the Second Age Group (ages 10 and below) 3.4.5
TV Plugs
The DENR Secretary and the NSWMC have identified the production of TV, radio, and cinema plugs as a priority outreach strategy. The ADB team participated in revisions to an existing 60-second TV plug on MRF’s. The TV plug was scheduled to be shown on all free channels (8 channels) and aired prior to the National Conference for Barangays held April 14-15, 2003. In addition, the ADB project team has agreed to participate in the production of two TV plugs. The plugs being considered are the first and second of four that the Secretary of DENR commissioned Bantay Kalikasan, a foundation of the ABS-CBN Network that aims to help protect the environment, to prepare to be aired in 2003. The themes will be: 1. 2. 3. 4.
SWM is my personal responsibility for which Sen. Jovito Salonga will be featured President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo encouraging children to properly manage their waste Local governments implementing solid waste management Maids doing proper solid waste management at home
See Annex 6 for the tentative scripts. DENR is negotiating with PIA regarding the airing of the TV plugs, and expects to air the plugs on Channels 2 and 26 of ABS-CBN, as well as Channels 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 21 and 23. ABS-CBN has agreed to air the TV plug at no cost for a month. The first TV plug (SWM is my personal responsibility) aired beginning in August 2003, and the second (encouraging children to properly manage waste) is expected to air in during the fall of 2003. 3.4.6
Text Messaging
Text messaging is a very effective way of communicating in the Philippines. The consultants recognized this and have negotiated with Wireless Services Asia (WSA) to develop a series of messages with ____________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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attractive icons that will be broadcast through the Globe Telecom system. Globe Telecom agreed to do so for free, provided that they were allowed to promote their corporate name in the process. The broadcasts were run from June 4 through June 30, from 8 am to 4 pm daily. Approximately 1 million subscribers received the broadcast during the period, which featured solid waste management tips and a menu of related content downloads for their handsets (the content of the text messages is provided in Annex 7). Each of the subscribers received the three-part SMS at least four to five times, each time with different tips and menus. The total number of DENR downloads for the month of June was 109,102, which was considered by WSA to indicate a high level of interest. Future broadcasts are planned for September 2003 in conjunction with World Clean-up Month, and in April 2004 in conjunction with Earth Month. 3.4.7
Press Releases
Press releases concerning the consultant’s activities such as the waste characterization studies, the MOA signing with the local LGU’s, the workshop/seminar on the 10-year SWM Plan for the LGU’s, and the MRF Tour were prepared. See Annex 8 for copies of articles that have been published about the activities of the project team. 3.4.8
Refrigerator Magnet
The project team is sponsoring the production of refrigerator magnets promoting segregation. The magnets were designed by DENR-EEI. DENR is funding the production of 2,000 magnets, and an additional 4,000 are being sponsored by the ADB project. The magnets will be distributed to government offices, LGUs, business leaders, and other community leaders. The design of the magnet is shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14. Refrigerator Magnet Promoting Segregation 3.4.9
Subliminal Messages
The consultants met with representatives of Bantay Kalikasan, a foundation of the ABS-CBN Network that aims to help protect the environment, regarding the inclusion of on-going messages regarding waste management in television programs that are widely viewed, such as telanovelas and game shows. The foundation acknowledged the importance of using the television media to promote environmental awareness and agreed that the messages would be more effective if they were presented as on-going activities on the soap operas, e.g., a change in lifestyle, rather than a single episode focusing on the subject. Various scenarios were discussed, including having recycling bins at the location and showing the stars of the shows recycling materials rather than disposing of them, and having recycling posters displayed on the set. In addition, Bantay Kalikasan indicated that they have included environmental questions on game shows, and welcomed suggestions in that area. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 29 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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During the months after meeting with Bantay Kalikasan, these types of messages have been incorporated into some television shows. The consultants have been the recipients of comments from people that they have noticed some of the changes on the shows. The 3-year communications plan suggests that the work with Bantay Kalikasan be continued and that other stations be contacted. 3.4.10 Journal Article As part of the outreach towards business, the consultant contributed an article on the role of business in solid waste management in the magazine, Business and Environment, published quarterly by the Philippine Business for the Environment. The journal’s readership consists of corporate executives and environmental management experts in industry. See Annex 9 for a copy of the article.
3.5 THREE-YEAR COMMUNICATIONS PLAN A framework was prepared for a three-year communications plan for the NSWMC. Strategies were developed, a draft framework was prepared, cost information was collected, and a schedule was prepared. 3.5.1
Strategies
A summary of the strategies for the communications plan is presented in Table 4. The consultants in cooperation with the IEC WORKING GROUP developed the strategies. The strategies build on the issues identified during the project, in particular the need of decision-makers for accurate, reliable information, and the need to motivate the general public to action through increased awareness. Table 4. Summary of Strategies for Communications Plan Message Concepts Waste Costs -- the cost associated with improper management of waste Lives Health Resources Money Quality of life RA 9003 – stressing the need to work together to solve the problem of waste management Avoid creating waste (source reduction) Paper, glass, plastic bottles should be recycled Food waste should be composted (or used as animal feed in some cases) Residual waste should be disposed in a proper disposal site
Primary Target Groups Influential groups, i.e., on those that have an impact on the behaviour of others Government officials Civic organizations Business leaders Media
Primary Purpose Provide accurate information
Young school children
Heighten awareness
General public
Increase awareness, motivation
A primary purpose of including the media as a primary target group is to provide them with unbiased, factual information regarding waste management and, thereby, hopefully counteract some of the misinformation that is prevalent. In the past, most of the coverage on waste management has been negative, e.g., covering the landslide at Payatas, protests in Antipolo, the Semirara barge, etc. The goal is to develop a relationship so that when questions arise, the media already have resources at their disposal and also know whom to contact for information. A secondary purpose is to gain exposure to the general public through the media. According to the Public Affairs Office, it is difficult to gain extensive, front-page coverage without a crisis, scandal, or celebrity. Efforts should be made to create events that the media will want to cover. The children’s MRF tour was well attended by the media, and representatives indicated that they would like to see similar events in the future. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 30 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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A framework for the communications plan was prepared by the consultants (see Table 5). The framework incorporates current plans by DENR, recommendations from the IEC Working Group, and suggestions made to the consultants by LGU’s and others. It includes activities by the ADB team as part of the project, as well as future activities to be undertaken by DENR. The document was presented to the Working Group for comment. Cost information for the various activities is presented in Table 6. The information was used to develop the budget for the activities conducted under the TA, as well as to project the costs associated with the communications plan. A schedule of activities and estimated cost for the suggested communications plan are presented in Table 7. 3.5.2
Effectiveness Monitoring
It is important that the implementation of programs and IEC activities be monitored and the effectiveness of the strategies assessed. The monitoring method depends on the purpose of the IEC activity and its intended audience. IEC activities can generally be grouped into two categories: General – intended to increase awareness of an issue, to motivate the audience to a behavioral change in lifestyle, etc. Specific – in conjunction with the implementation of a specific program or activity, and intended to motivate the audience to a specific one-time or recurring action Because of their very nature, it is more difficult to monitor the effectiveness of IEC activities that target a lifestyle change rather than a specific action. Nevertheless, programs can be implemented to do so. Although there are many methods that can be used to assess the impact of an IEC activity, they generally are grouped into the following categories: (1) opinion survey of audience; (2) response to the IEC activity; and (3) behavioral change. Opinion survey of audience – The most effective survey is one that assesses public opinion prior to the outreach activity and after the IEC activity, or alternatively only after the IEC activity. The participant is queried on attitude and knowledge of the subject. In addition, if more than one tool has been used (e.g., billboards and TV spots), questions can be directed to identify which tools have reached the participant and which have motivated a change in behavior. This method of assessment is subjective because it is based on the responses from participants, and depending on how it is structured may not be representative of the entire population. It is time consuming and can be costly, but can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of both General and Specific IEC activities. Public opinion can be assessed through other means, such as community meetings or focus groups.
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Table 5. Framework for Three-Year Communications Plan Target Group DENR offices
Activity Fact sheets on SWM to offices
Purpose Provide factual information on SWM
Schedule 1 fact sheet every 2 months
Govt. agencies
Calendar for 2003 (2000) Refrigerator magnet (2000)
Various aspects of RA 9003 Various aspects of RA 9003
Mar 03
Meetings with City officials
Inform officials re rqmts. of RA 9003 Inform officials re rqmts. of RA 9003 Provide easy-toread information on RA 9003 Assist LGU’s in preparing 10-yr SWMPs Provide recognition of efforts Inform community leaders on various aspects of SWM
On-going, Feb/Mar 03
LGU officials
Training seminars with Brgy. officials Handout with translation of RA 9003 Seminar/workshops on SWMPs Recognition program Civic organizations
Fact sheets (informative handouts)
Recognition program Resource speakers
Business leaders
Provide recognition of efforts Offer resource speakers for meetings
Fact sheets (informative handouts)
Inform business leaders on various aspects of SWM
Recognition program
Provide recognition of efforts Offer resource speakers for meetings
Resource speakers
Coordination with PBE
Inform business leaders on various aspects of SWM
Sep 03
Responsible Entity EMB EEI (ADB team to assist during Feb/Apr/Jun 03) EMB EEI EMB EEI (ADB team to fund additional magnets) NSWMC
On-going, Feb/Mar 03
NSWMC
Apr 03 (in conjunction with seminar) Mar 03
ADB team
Mar 03 – distribution list Apr 03 – distribution of 1st fact sheet, then once/quarter
ADB team to develop distribution list and Apr/Jun fact sheets. NSWMC to continue.
Publicized in conjunction with distribution of fact sheets May 03 – distribution list Jun 03 – distribution of 1st fact sheet, once/quarter thereafter
ADB team to initiate. NSWMC to continue.
Publicized in conjunction with distribution of fact sheets Initiate Mar 03, ongoing thereafter.
ADB team to initiate. NSWMC to continue.
ADB team
ADB team to develop distribution list and Jun fact sheet. NSWMC to continue.
ADB team to initiate.
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Table 5. Framework for Three-Year Communications Plan (continued) Target Group Media
Activity Press releases
Purpose Inform media about key issues
Press conferences
Promote interest in positive SWM activities Inform media about existing CB SWM practices Instructional materials for use in classrooms Provide a fun activity to heighten awareness
Tours to MRF’s/workshop Children (4-12 years)
School module Competition
Tour to MRF School clubs General public
TV spots Cinema spots Radio spots Subliminal TV messages on telanovellas and game shows Text messaging
Inform children about existing CB SWM practices Provide medium for hands-on training Increase awareness, motivation Increase awareness, motivation Increase awareness, motivation Increase awareness, motivation Increase awareness among Class A-C
Print ads Billboards Other
Website National Ecology Center
Provide resource materials to all sectors Provide resource materials to all sectors
Schedule On going, as warranted. Goal is at least 1 press release per quarter On-going, as warranted
Responsible Entity ADB team to initiate. EMB EEI to continue.
Apr/Jun 03, continue 1/yr thereafter Dec 03 (prototype already prepared)
ADB team, NSWMC
Options: (1) help to promote an existing competition in an LGU or (2) implement a competition to be held in Jun 03 Apr 03
ADB team in cooperation with other entities
On-going, start w release of school module (Sep 03) 3 to be prepared this year, 1 per yr thereafter Jun 03, 1 per yr thereafter
EMB EEI, NSWMC
Sep 03. 1 per yr thereafter
EMB EEI
On-going effort; provide suggestions to Bantay Kalikasan periodically (e.g., once each quarter) Currently assessing this as an option
ADB team working in conjunction with Bantay Kalikasan
Currently assessing this as an option Currently assessing this as an option Design is to begin in Mar 03 Undergoing evaluation
ADB team to initiate. EMB EEI to continue.
EMB EEI
ADB team
MSWMC (2), ADB team (1), in cooperation w PIA EMB EEI, in cooperation with PIA
ADB team
ADB team ADB team, NSWMC
Table 6. Cost Information for Some Types of IEC Activities ____________________________________________________________________________________ 33 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Item Billboards, 4’x8’, full colour, production
Bus rental
Radio plug, 30 sec., production TV plug, 30 sec., production Airtime, 30 sec. Print ads, full page
Print ads, half page
Description G.I. sheet, double face G.I. sheet, single face Plywood, double face Plywood, single face Panaplex Tarpaulin 33-seater, air-conditioned, 10 hrs, Metro Manila only 55-seater, air-conditioned, 10 hrs, Metro Manila only PIA Private PIA Private Govt. rate Private rate Bulletin, Inquirer, Phil. Star, Business World Malaya, Standard, Manila Times People’s Tonight, Taliba, Balita Bulletin, Inquirer, Phil. Star, Business World Malaya, Standard, Manila Times
Final Report
Unit Price (Php) 4,800 & up 3,800 & up 3,000 & up 2,000 & up 23,000 & up 5,000 & up 6,000 6,500 25,000 60,000 80,000 180,000 400 to 600 1,000 to 1,500 145,000 95,000 50,000 72,000 46,000
Response to IEC activity – This method assesses the effectiveness of the IEC strategy through an analysis of the responses to the activity itself. For example, the effectiveness of a resource speaker bureau may be assessed by the number of requests for speakers, a school competition by the number of participants, a media tour by the number of articles, text messaging by the number of downloads. This method is an indication of interest in the activity itself or in the subject matter, and may be useful if the goal of the IEC activity is to increase awareness. However, if the goal is a behavioral change, this method may not present an accurate picture of the effectiveness of the IEC activity. Behavioral change – Data is collected prior to and after the IEC activity, and the change in behavior is determined, usually quantitatively. For example, if the IEC campaign target littering in the commercial district in Makati, the quantity of waste collected by street sweepers is determined (either on a weight basis or volume basis) prior to and after the campaign. Similarly, if an education campaign is conducted in conjunction with the implementation of segregated collection in a barangay, an analysis can be conducted of segregation efficiency. If different IEC strategies are used in two barangays (e.g., door-to-door canvassing and community meetings), a comparative assessment can be made assuming that other factors (e.g., income level) are equal. It is important that the effectiveness of IEC activities be monitored, but it is also important that the monitoring program be designed based on the type of IEC activity, the audience, and the goal of the activity.
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Table 7. Schedule of Activities and Estimated Cost for Three-year Communications Plan Activity Calendar Fact sheets Fact sheets Fact sheets
Audience Govt. agencies, LGUs Govt. offices Civic organizations Businesses
Materials for LGUs Ecology Centers Press releases, Media fact sheets, photos, other resources Print ads General public
Remarks 500 copies 200 copies 200 copies, distribution 200 copies, distribution Copies of updated materials To be sent electronically
Frequency alternatin g years 6/yr-1 2/yr 2/yr 500 copies/ yr, 17 LGUs 4/yr
Broadsheet, 1/8- 4/yr page Print ads General public Tabloid, 1/4-page 4/yr Recognition Varies each year Cash prizes, 1/yr program in (LGUs, plaques association with barangays, Environment businesses, Month civic organizations) Refrigerator Govt. agencies, 2000 copies alternatin magnets LGUs, civic g years organizations, businesses Resource Civic Honorarium paid speakers organizations, by organization businesses School Children, Publicity, prizes 1/yr competition in targeting association with different age Earth Day groups each year Spots, cinema General public Production/airti alternatin me g years Spots, radio General public Production/airti 2/yr me Spots, TV General public Production/airti 1-2/yr me Subliminal TV General public No cost, requires messages contacts and information Text messages General public No cost, requires contacts and information Tour/workshop Media, children Children's tour, 1/yr to processing media invited facility Workshops LGU officials 30 participants, 1/yr food, venue, handouts Totals
Unit Price (Php) 130
Cost Year 1 (Php)
Cost Cost Year Year 2 3 (Php) (Php) 65,000
200 1,000
1,200 4,000
1,200 4,000
1,200 4,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
500
8,500
8,500
8,500
15,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
7,000 50,000
28,000
28,000 50,000
28,000 50,000
20
40,000
50,000
50,000
600,000
600,000
25,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
80,000
160,000
160,000
160,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
1,076,700
40,000
50,000
50,000
600,000
551,700 1,126,700
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3.6 RECOMMENDATIONS 3.6.1
IEC Working Group
The IEC Working Group should continue to play an important role in solid waste management planning for Metro Manila. The ADB project team recommends that the Working Group continue to meet on a regular basis. The primary objective of the Group would be the development and implementation of an integrated IEC strategy in Metro Manila. Specific recommendations are as follows: 1. Continue to hold meetings of IEC Working Group at a frequency of one meeting every two months. The Director of the DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO) would chair the Working Group. 2. Include representation from the following entities: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) DENR-Public Affairs Office (PAO) DENR-EMB-Environmental Education & Information Office (EEIO) Philippine Information Agency (PIA) Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Metro Manila Local Governments (LGU) Non-government organizations (NGO)
The Working Group should include one representative from each of the agencies in a-f, three representatives from local government, and two representatives from NGOs. 3. Gradually expand the focus/role of the Working Group. The focus of the Working Group should gradually be expanded towards the development and implementation of an integrated IEC strategy for Metro Manila. Steps that could be taken towards this goal include: a. Report on actual activities -- Members report at each meeting on IEC activities that have been and are being conducted related to solid waste management. A summary of these reports should be compiled and distributed to each agency. b. Report on planned activities – Reporting on activities (messages, strategies, and target groups) before they are conducted would enable other agencies to plan activities that would build on these activities. c. Coordinate the planning process – During this stage, members of the Working Group would meet during the development stage of their individual IEC strategies. d. Develop an integrated plan – The goal would be an integrated communications plan in which all of the agencies play a part. In the plan, a coordinated message would be developed. The plan would identify: strategies, target groups, responsible entity, schedule, and monitoring strategy. 3.6.2
General
Based on the results of the work conducted in preparing an IEC strategy for the NSWMC, the following general recommendations are made related to community awareness: IEC activities should be integrated with infrastructure that exists or being implemented. In order for an outreach program to be effective, it must promote actions on the part of the audience that are available to him or her and that are feasible. For example, little value is gained if residents are encouraged to segregate their waste, but the collection system for segregated collection has not been implemented.
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The message being disseminated needs to be coordinated among the agencies and entities involved in waste management. Based on comments received, the messages currently being disseminated by national, regional, and local agencies and by NGOs leads to confusion. The IEC strategy adopted by the NSWMC needs to be realistic and sustainable. An on-going effort is needed in order to promote a change in behavior that is long lasting. Consequently, the plan needs to be well conceived, and adopt strategies that are realistic given the human and financial resources available. IEC materials prepared by the NSWMC and other agencies need to be made available to interested LGUs, NGOs, and other stakeholders. Whenever possible, copies of the resources should be sent to each of the LGUs for inclusion in their Ecology Centers. A listing of available resources should be made available to all interested parties. The outreach activities of the NSWMC need to be developed and implemented in cooperation with stakeholders including other agencies, LGUs, and NGOs. Means of enhancing cooperation that have been discussed previously, including inclusion of representatives in the IEC working group, the conduct of seminars and workshops, dissemination of Fact Sheets and other relevant information, implementation of a program to recognize efforts, and making a list of resource speakers available.
4
Strategy Related to Disposal An analysis of waste disposal was conducted as a separate component to the project. There has been a significant lack of available information about Metro Manila solid waste management systems, particularly reliable data on disposal. In order to fill in the gap, the consultants collected data about the current situation of disposal systems in Metro Manila and then structured the information in such a way as to be able to make a professional assessment. The initial data they generated included technical descriptions of 15 dumpsites (9 operational dumpsites, 6 inactive dumpsites) that receive the residual waste of Metro Manila. The results of the assessment highlighted key sub-sector issues for which recommendations have been made. Key issues were identified during the disposal analysis, and a proposed strategy developed. Because of their importance to the IEC strategy, they are briefly summarized here.
4,1
KEY ISSUES
4.1.1
Issue 1: Existing Disposal Facility Deficiencies
Of the 15 dumpsites visited, 6 are inactive but with no closure and post-closure maintenance programs. Communities now live on one of these sites, facing acute public health and environmental risk. Of the remaining sites that are still operating, a number have over-steep slopes and are critically unstable. The open sites have inadequate fencing and signage, with about 4,000 waste pickers including children allowed to operate without adequate protection. Leachate and gas emissions at these sites pose severe public health risk to the surrounding communities in terms of air pollution and contamination of groundwater and surface water -rivers, lagoons, or other water bodies. 4.1.2
Issue 2: Disposal Capacity Requirements
The remaining capacity of the dumpsites is estimated to run out by 2004, leaving Rodriguez as the only remaining dumpsite after that, and Rodriguez may reach capacity by end of 2005 or sooner due to increased use following the closure of the other dumpsites. Moreover, RA9003 mandates that all controlled dumpsites should be closed by 2006. Sanitary landfill initiatives take years before they become operational. Urgent progress is required to develop sanitary landfill initiatives for Metro Manila in order to avert another disposal crisis.
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Issue 3: Regulatory Enforcement
Enforcement by regulatory agencies is constrained by a lack of technical information related to disposal facilities and methodologies as well as financial constraints. Qualified resources and are encountering difficulties in enforcing the penal provisions of RA9003. The waste disposal transition from dumpsites to sanitary landfills also requires a significant infusion of technical capacity. 4.1.4
Issue 4: Institutions and Management
The six cities and municipalities operating their own dumpsites need financial and technical support to meet the controlled dumpsite requirements of RA9003. The remaining 11 cities and municipalities contract out waste disposal to the private sector. Issues relating to this situation include: (i) the need for closer monitoring of private sector operations, (ii) the need for improved record-keeping procedures, (iii) the need for enhanced private-sector contracting procedures and performance reviews, and (iv) improved access to data access.
4.2
PROPOSED DISPOSAL STRATEGY
The proposed strategy directly relates to the key issues identified. 4.2.2
Action 1: Dumpsite Improvements
Both the active and inactive dumpsites need significant improvement in order to mitigate public health, environmental and social impacts as well as meet the standards of RA9003 and DAO 98-49. The disposal report identifies three sets of actions for waste disposal improvement: (i) emergency actions, (ii) short-term improvement actions, and (iii) longer-term actions. 4.2.3
Action 2: Future Disposal Initiatives
Engineering assessments need to be undertaken immediately for the active dumpsites to accurately estimate waste importation, available disposal capacity and remaining facility life. It should be noted that it is critically important that longer-term regulatory-compliant sanitary landfill initiatives continue to be pursued. 4.2.4
Action 3: Regulatory Strengthening
A web-based waste disposal facility database should be developed which could start with the data already generated from the 15 dumpsites assessed by the ADB-TA project. The database should include comprehensive technical documentation and be updated with ongoing inspection reports and actions. It should be progressively expanded as additional sites are developed and identified. Aside from the development of the database, a regulatory monitoring program should be established with clear and measurable monitoring objectives, strategies and schedules. Technical resources should also be developed to progressively build capacity to adequately enforce sanitary landfill regulations, which require a higher level of technical proficiency. 4.2.5
Action 4: Institutional Reform
Cities and municipalities operating dumpsites should build operational capacity to implement short-term dumpsite improvements and maintain sites in regulatory compliance. Cities and municipalities contracting waste disposal should build operational capacity to improve contracting procedures, regulate private sector waste disposal performance, and improve record keeping and access to information.
4.3 IEC STRATEGY This matter of proper disposal requires a strategic information, education and communication - (IEC) plan. Considerable information has been generated from the ADB project that can be used in order to improve the situation. However, how, when and to whom that information is delivered requires careful planning in order to effectively make optimal use of the information. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 38 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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An immediate response to the waste disposal report would be to publicize all the information to the general public, hopefully to raise awareness about the current situation. One can argue that once people see the horrors of the dumpsites they will respond by vigorously minimizing the waste that needs to be disposed of. This strategy would be unrealistically optimistic and naïve because it is also quite likely that most people will react by blaming the government of neglect and incompetence for allowing the situation to arise. These people would be content to pass the blame but not initiate anything substantial to solve the problem. This scenario will put the government on the defensive, a situation in which valuable resources would be diverted to public relations efforts, resources that could be better put in improving the situation. The strategic IEC plan the ADB consultants propose is to first bring all relevant government agencies together and to use the technical information and recommendations of the project to develop a clearly defined disposal improvement program for Metro Manila. Only when that program is finalized and committed to by the key players would it be presented to the general public with the general message: “The current waste disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it. Please help us implement it.” This IEC plan would comprise three phases with each phase having a different specific core message, target audience, and communications activity. At each phase, the above-mentioned key issues and corresponding recommended actions constitute the principal message. However, at each phase, there’ would be a need to convince the specific target audience to accept the plan. Identified below are some core messages that are intended to convince the target audience to adopt the plan and the corresponding communications activity to deliver those messages. The goal or the vision of the IEC plan is that within a very short time, the local government officials of Metro Manila, with the guidance and support of the NSWMC, the DENR and MMDA, would be ready with a strategic plan to mitigate the deficiencies of the current disposal system and can then solicit the support and cooperation of the general public in implementing it. 4.3.1
Phase 1: Obtaining support of the core agencies
Mandated to ensure that solid waste is managed properly, to accept the plan and the commitment to implement it Core Messages: o The current situation related to waste disposal is unacceptable, your office is mandated to ensure proper disposal, and your office must initiate a plan to reverse the situation. o Based on the budgets currently available for waste disposal, there will be available financing to carry out the plan. Depending on how well you convince the LGU’s to realign their budgets. o The ADB technical data and recommendations can guide your office in developing the rehabilitation plan. o The principal role of your office is to facilitate the development of the plan and to monitor the plan and its implementation; the principal actors are the LGU officials. Target Audience: o DENR Secretary o EMB Director o NSWMCmembers o NSWMC Secretariat Executive Director o MMDA Chair Activities o Separate study and analysis of the disposal report o Interagency discussion and analysis of the report o Identification of the specific actions that need to be done and the key parties to undertake them o Identification of the financial needs and the corresponding source of funds 4.3.2
Phase 2: Convincing of the LGU’s by the Core Agencies from Phase 1 Core Messages:
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Final Report
The current disposal situation is unacceptable, a catastrophic crisis is very likely, we need to prevent it or we will have to answer to the people. The financing requirements can be sourced from the current hauling and disposal budgets of the LGU’s after careful realignment. The ADB study results can guide us in developing a plan to correct the situation including the technical, legislative and financial aspects. The officials of both LGU’s that use the dumpsites and the LGU’s that host the dumpsites are the key players of this plan.
Target Audience: Relevant officials of the cities and municipalities o Mayors o City/municipal councils o Treasurer and accountants o Environmental/sanitation officers Communication activities: o Meetings with presentations of the ADB-TA Disposal report o Group discussion and analysis of the Disposal report o Site visits and/or video presentations of the dumpsites o Discussion with finance officers 4.3.3
Phase 3: Publicizing the Disposal Rehabilitation Program Core Messages: o The current waste disposal situation is unacceptable but we have a plan to reverse it. Please help us implement it. o We have a plan to improve the disposal situation, but we can’t implement it without your help. o Health, environmental and social impacts of open dumpsites on the immediate community. o We want a safe disposal site but we must pay for it. Target Audience: general public o NGOs o Residents o Business sector IEC activities: o Community meetings o Radio/TV spots o Signs indicating unsafe ground and surface water within a certain radius from the dumpsite o Posters o Flyers
5 Strategy Related to Medical Waste An outreach strategy related to medical waste was developed as part of the project component on this subject. The strategy is based on the results of the various activities conducted including, workshops, survey of hospitals and other medical facilities, medical waste characterization study, working group meetings, and meetings with representatives of the Department of Health. A description of these activities is presented in a separate report.
5.1
ISSUES AND NEEDS
The passage of the Clean Air Act (RA 8749) is having a significant impact on the management of health care wastes. RA 8749 requires the phasing out by July 2003 of medical waste incinerators, which has historically been the primary means of treating infectious medical wastes. Alternatives to incineration are being considered, but these will obviously require additional investment. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 40 Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10
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Two key issues related to medical waste management have been identified, which demonstrate the need for additional IEC activities: (1) problems associated with improper segregation; and (2) an increase in public awareness and concern. 5.1.1
Problems Associated with Improper Segregation
The segregation scheme for health care wastes is as follows: Black container -- non-infectious dry waste, or non-biodegradable/non-compostable waste; Green container -- non-infectious wet waste or biodegradable/compostable waste; Yellow container -- dry and wet infectious and other potentially infectious waste; pathological waste, chemical waste, sharps contained in puncture-proof container covered with thick solution of lime; and Orange container with trefoil sign -- radioactive waste that will be stored in the hospital until rendered as inactive or disposed of in accordance with prescribed rules and regulations of the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI). It is becoming increasingly important that the various fractions of health care waste is segregated properly and that each fraction is disposed of properly. Two key problems result from improper segregation: 1. Dangers resulting from disposal of untreated infectious wastes commingled with general waste (e.g., health hazards to scavengers, contamination of groundwater and surface water, etc.) 2. Additional cost resulting from treatment of general waste commingled with infectious wastes by non-burn technologies Results of a survey conducted of health case facilities indicate that most of the institutions practice segregation and follow colour-coding procedures for the management of their wastes. However, as shown by the results of the waste characterization survey, improper segregation still takes place in some facilities. According to those responsible for waste management, some members of the staff are not always conscientious about proper segregation and not all of the health care facilities have a sufficient supply of bags. Historically the most common IEC strategies used by hospitals have been posters, manuals, and flyers. The Philippine Heart Center developed a poster that explains the process of segregation, which is being used by other facilities as well (see Figure 15).
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Figure 15. Poster Currently Used in Some Facilities to Promote Segregation
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Additional training of hospital personnel is needed, as well as education of non-hospital personnel (e.g., patients, visitors, and watchers). 5.1.2
Increasing Public Awareness and Concern
Public concern related to the collection, treatment and final disposition of health care waste has increased considerably during the past few years. The public’s concern is related to the potential risk related to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other agents associated with blood-borne diseases. Furthermore, the public in several countries has reacted negatively to emissions from incinerators that are used to treat health care waste, and are concerned that these emissions may contain high concentrations of toxic compounds and viable microorganisms. To allay these concerns, it is important that public education regarding the strategy for managing health care wastes be conducted.
5.2
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY
Based on the issues and needs identified by the project team, two key target audiences were identified: Hospital personnel – doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, aides, janitors, cafeteria personnel, administrative staff, others Non-hospital personnel – patients, visitors, watchers (attendants) A series of activities is presented in Table 6. The strategies build upon practices that have been proven to be effective in the past (e.g., posters, manuals). In addition, the project team recommends that the DOH guidance document be developed into an interactive learning tool. The computer-learning module could be developed by the Department of Health. Table 6. Recommended IEC Strategies Related to Medical Waste Target Audience Hospital Personnel
Purpose Training
Reminder Non-hospital Personnel
5.3
Instruction, motivation
Strategy/Method Guidance document Trainer training Personnel training Interactive training guide Posters Fact sheets Posters
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES
Training and outreach activities that were implemented during the project are described in the following sections. 5.3.1
Training Manual
The project team assisted in revising the Manual of Hospital Waste Management for the DOH, originally published by the Environmental Health Service of the DOH in 1997. The revision was carried out in a write-shop in cooperation with several representatives from the DOH and other entities. The final version of the Manual is now ready for printing and distribution. 5.3.2
Posters
Layouts for four posters were developed under the project. Two of the posters are targeted at hospital personnel and two at non-hospital personnel. The rationale in developing the posters is outlined in Table 7. Each of the concepts is discussed below:
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Table 7. Rationale for Posters on Waste Management for Health Care Facilities Audience Hospital Personnel
Non-hospital Personnel
Characteristics Know medical/hospital terminology Have received prior training Would follow hospital rules and regulations Busy people when inside hospital Do not know anything about segregation of medical waste Do not know why segregation is important Not familiar with medical/hospital terms May not know how to read, or to read English Will not handle all types of health care waste
Guidelines for Concepts Brief, concise and straight to the point Reminder to previously instructions Foster immediate recall Catchy, attention grabbing Encourage involvement Reader friendly Informative
Concept 1, ICONS – targeted at hospital personnel. The layout of the poster is clean (no clutter, reader friendly) and professional (use of icons and medical terms). The use of the color read as a highlight draws attention and gives a sense of authority. Concept 2, LET’S SAVE LIVES – targeted at hospital personnel. This layout is warmer than Concept 1, and is intended to appeal to the sense of social responsibility of hospital personnel. Thus, the layout is a mix of professional and personal, professional in terms of no clutter and use of technical terms, and personal in terms of colour and the manner the message is going to be delivered. As a secondary effect, the layout gives hospitals an incentive to post the posters because it provides an image that the hospital takes every step to take care of its patients. Concept 3, YOUR LIFE IS AT RISK – targeted at non-hospital personnel. The overall impact is a warning about immediate danger. This concept places immediacy of danger as well as saying that the danger will affect the reader directly. This layout is also informative in nature, to better educate the reader on the facts about segregation. Concept 4, ALL I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEGREGATION – targeted at non-hospital personnel. The overall approach is friendly and approachable. The layout is intended to be light; simple, cool to look at with use of pastel colours, and easy to understand. This is the more traditional of the two layouts for non-hospital personnel. The layout is also informative, answering the questions of “what” and “why.” Layouts of the four posters are presented in Figures 16 through 19.
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Figure 16. Poster Concept 1, ICONs
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Figure 17. Poster Concept 2, Let’s Save Lives
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Figure 18. Poster Concept 3, Your Life is at Risk
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Figure 19. Poster Concept 4, All I Need to Know About Segregation
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5.3.3
Final Report
Fact Sheets
Two fact sheets were prepared for distribution to health care facilities. The first one (Figure 20) presents the results of the waste characterization analysis and facility data, described in the report, Medical Waste Management (Report No. 11). The second fact sheet (Figure 21) provides information on non-burn alternatives for treating infectious medical waste.
Characteristics of Health Care Waste The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) requires the proper segregation, recycling, and composting of the non-infectious fraction of health care waste in the Philippines. According to a recent study funded by the Asian Development Bank, there are 3,670 health care facilities in Metro Manila, including 197 accredited hospitals. The health care facilities generate approximately 47 tons per day of waste. Of this, about 27 tons per day are disposed as infectious or potentially infectious. Estimated Quantities of Health Care Waste Generated in Metro Manila in 2002 N o. of Fac ilitie s
T y pe of Fa cility A c cr edited H o spitals G over nm ent (no . of b ed s) Pr ivate (no. of b ed s) H ealth C enter s M ed ical C linic s D ental C linic s V eterin ar y C linics Ph ar m aceutical L ab s B loo d B ank s F uner al Par lors M ed ical S c hools R esear ch Institutions T otals
N o. of Be d s
Infectio us W aste (k g/d ay )
N onInfec tious W aste (kg/d ay )
5 ,9 7 1 3 ,9 9 6 802 2 ,5 8 0 5 ,8 8 0 372 5 ,7 7 2 204 1,17 6 13 2 48 2 6 ,9 3 3
6 ,85 0 4 ,58 4 1,20 3 3 ,87 0 1,96 0 93 1,44 3 51 19 6 33 12 2 0,29 4
T otals (k g/d ay)
19 7 17 ,5 6 3 11,7 5 3 401 1,2 9 0 980 93 481 17 19 6 11 4 3,6 7 0
Non-infectious waste disposed by health care facilities contains potentially recyclable or compostable material, such as paper, plastics, and food waste.
12,8 2 1 8 ,5 8 0 2 ,0 0 5 6 ,4 5 0 7 ,8 4 0 4 65 7,2 15 2 55 1,3 72 16 5 60 4 7 ,2 28
Inerts (rocks, ash) 1.4%
Special waste (batteries, syringes) 0.8% Garden/Yard Wastes 0.0%
Textiles 10.2% Diapers 0.0%
Estimates indicate that the total amount of health care waste will increase to about 55 tons per day by 2010. Assuming that new practices and training programs are implemented that improve segregation, the amount of infectious waste is projected to decrease to 18.5 tons per day by 2010.
Food/Vegetables 28.8%
Plastics 27.5%
Paper/Cardboard 17.5%
Wood 1.2% Metal/Cans 2.1% Glass 3.4%
60,000
Rubber/Leather 7.1%
Average Composition of ER-Surgery Waste
50,000
Kilograms per day
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 2002
2004
2006 Infectious waste
Non-infectious waste
2008
2010
Estimate of Current and Projected Quantities of HCW Generated in Metro Manila
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 20. Fact Sheet – Characteristics of Health Care Waste
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Alternative Technologies for Treating Health Care Waste The Clean Air Act (RA 8749) prohibits the burning of infectious waste and requires that existing incinerators be phased out by July 2003.
According to a recent study funded by the Asian Development Bank, about 42% of hospitals in Metro Manila were still using incineration to treat their wastes as of early 2003. At the time of the study, it was estimated that 28% of hospitals relied on off-site incineration by the private sector, 12% incinerated on-site, and 2% treated waste by open air burning. Offsite treatment using microwave technology was used by approximately 38% of the hospitals.
Land disposal 20%
Incineration-on site 12%
Incineration-off site 28%
Incinerator
Alternative technologies that have been evaluated to treat medical waste include: • Mechanical – size reduction and compaction • Thermal – autoclave, microwave, pyrolysis/ gasification • Chemical – chlorination, ozonation • Radiative – electron beam, Cobalt-60 • Biological – enzymatic processes, composting
Autoclave
Microwave 38%
Open air burning 2%
Estimated Type of Waste Treatment Used by Hospitals in Metro Manila (based on the number of facilities)
Microwave
ADB TA 3848-PHI – Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
Figure 21. Fact Sheet – Alternative Technologies for Treating Health Care Waste
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ANNEX 1
Final Report
IEC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS
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MEETING/VISIT: First IEC Working Group Meeting PRESENT
: Albert Magalang, NSWMC Executive Director; Elenida Basug, Chief, Env. Educ. and Info. Division, EMB; Irma Paulme, OIC, Public Affairs Office, DENR; Daniel Santos, Phil. Information Agency; Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA Juan de la Cruz, Dept. of Public Services, Manila ; Jannet Yanto, NSWMC; Linda Eggerth-ADB-TA; Grace FavilaADB-TA
DATE: Monday, 18 November 2002, 9:00-11:30 a.m.
1) Linda Eggerth started the meeting with an overview of the 4 main components of TA-3848 and highlighted the role of Media/Community relations in each of the components. She then went on to enumerate the anticipated outputs of the IEC working group. (cf. attached meeting handouts). 2)
Albert Magalang expressed appreciation for the formation of the IEC working group, in spite of the long delay, citing that IEC is one of the most important elements of the TA. He underscored his expectation that, through the TA, DENR-EMB would be able to improve its ability to spread information on SWM and motivate people to really do proper SWM.
3) Salient points that were clarified or stressed a) The project’s IEC program should benefit all 17 cities/municipalities, not only the 8 selected ones. The rest of the cities/municipalities should still be involved in the project and invited to seminars and other similar activities. b) The IEC program should be integrated(not emphasizing media more than community relation or vice versa). It should incorporate Metro-Manila-wide media strategies and local IEC strategies. c) There’s already a lot of IEC activities/materials done on the national (DENR-EMB), regional(MMDA) and LGU(cities/municipalities and barangay)levels. Linda tabulated many of these indicating, whenever possible, the specific message, the audience, the length, and the cost. d) An IEC campaign can have 3 possible different objectives. i) Alliance building with media intervention ii) Influencing beneficiaries how the IEC works for the beneficiaries iii) Institutional strengthening addressed to LGU’s/communities It is important to distinguish the objectives of the campaign as each objective would determine the relevant audience and the type of IEC activity/materials e) There’s a need for media outreach but community-based(or focused group) outreach is also important because it is closer to the people and can more easily affect change of behaviour. The EMB-EEI Division has identified 3 target groups for its IEC campaigns i) business ii) schools iii) communities/LGU’s f)
There’s a need to strengthen the capability of IEC agencies for the assessment and monitoring of the effectivity of IEC activities/materials. The EMB-EEI Division would like very much to be “capacitated” in this area. g) As reported by the Pulse Asia surveys, there’s already a high level of awareness for the need of proper SWM but there is still a need to disseminate instructional IEC materials. The DENR secretary and the MMDA Chair have separately expressed this opinion.
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a) General, for all IEC projects i)
In planning an IEC project first be specific on the objective and general message, then determine the audience, specific message and the type of activity. Include monitoring and assessment activities in the plan. ii) Harmonize RA9003 and the MMDA policies iii) IEC materials intended for barangays and communities must show details, including why some projects failed.
b) Specific to the Working Group (1) There is no budget in this ADB project for the development of a strict monitoring and assessment mechanism but the working group can develop an informal survey instrument or template by which an IEC agency could monitor effectiveness through questions such as (a) (b) (c) (d)
Have you heard this message? How many times have your herd this message? When did you hear this message Has there been a change in your habits since. . ?.
The basis for assessment must be clear from the start. What are the messages, who are the audience, etc. c) Identify the communications barriers. Two examples mentioned were economic and political d) Address the sustainability of IEC programs. How can the IEC offices in the national, regional and LGU levels be helped in sustaining their advocacy. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
find hooks that IEC programs can hang on(e.g. health). The program must be interactive Focus on “what is doable” by the target audience. In the case of SWM, consider the fact that there are limitations in the infrastructure Launch annual contest on SWM Program(e.g. Clean & Green Award) Strategic distribution of IEC materials
e) Develop a speaker’s bureau on SWM f) Seek audience with MMDA Chairman regarding his plan for Metro Manila and to determine his sensitivity to the ADB Project 5) Next Working Group meeting was set for Wednesday, Jan 29, 2003. Before then a) Minutes of the meeting will be sent out to the members b) Members of the working group will be requested to give suggestions for i) specific messages for specific sectors like religious, business, schools, etc ii) assessment indicators c) Each member of the Working Group should present his/her agency’s IEC initiatives/activities and give an intuitive assessment of its effectiveness.
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MEETING/VISIT:
Second IEC Working Group Meeting
PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeDENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry Quiaoit-EMB-EEID, Jannet S. Yanto-NSWMC-Secretariat, Napoleon R. Lopez-NSWMC-Secretariat, Linda Eggerth-ADB TA,Grace Favila-ADB TA; Luis Diaz-TA Team Leader; Elenida Basug-EMB-EEID; Ritchie Anne Guzman-EMB-EEID; Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA; Albert Magalang-NSWMC
WHERE: DATE:
RDD Conference Room Wednesday, 9:00am, January 29, 2003
1) L. Eggerth started the meeting by presenting the agenda . (See attached) She especially pointed out that the work schedule in item #3 is quite ambitious, and we may need to expedite the tasks even more. There was no objection from the group. The agenda for the WG meeting includes identification of priority messages, target groups, and IEC methods. 2) She pointed out that a major output of the group is a 3-year communications plan for the NSWMC for which many valuable ideas were previously generated at a workshop in April 2002. A table of issues, messages, target audiences and strategies based on the output of that meeting was distributed. She emphasized that the group could start with these ideas. There’s no need to start again from scratch. (see attached) PRIORITY MESSAGES 3) She then proceeded to start the discussion on priority messages that the plan could focus on. a)
b)
c) d) e)
f)
I. Paulme gave the following ideas for specific messages: i) Bawas basura, Bawas sakit. (Less garbage, less illness) ii) Kalusugan matatamo kung kapaligiran lilinisan mo(Good health will be achieved if you clean your environment) iii) Pakinabangan! Pinaggastusan mo. Mga sisidlan I-recylce mo.(Benefit from it. You spent for it. Recycle packaging.) iv) Kabalikat ka, kaibigan sa pagbawas ng basura(You are a partner, my friend, in minimizing garbage) v) Dagdag kita na, kapaligiran malinis pa. (Not only is there additional income, the environment is also kept clean.) vi) Di na kailangang maulit pa it. (This shouldn’t be repeated [with picture of Payatas fatal accident]). vii) Waste Management is a social responsibility. Let’s be partners in this mission. L. Eggerth suggested that the topics of Irma’s suggestions could be summarized as: the dangers/health impacts of improper disposal, the financial benefits of recycling, and the social responsibility to handle waste properly. She suggested that at this point, we need to determine an overall message/topic, and then move on to specific messages. E. Basug suggested the message could focus on the health impact of improper disposal. H. Quiaoit emphazed that messages could refer to penalties, e.g., penalties for littering, imposing a garbage fee. Z. Aquende suggested that social responsibility and enforcement could be emphasized. On one hand citizens should feel duty-bound to do SWM on top of paying taxes. On the other hand, enforcement must be strengthened. D. Santos expressed the need to determine where we are in our info campaign and the need to have a benchmark. Info campaigns have come and gone and yet behaviours and action have
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hardly changed. There’s a need to analyse the message – the subject and the target audience of these messages. If we want action, let’s focus on specific targets. g) L. Diaz suggested that the message of the cost of not doing SWM could be a hook to get people to change their behaviours. h) A. Magalang suggested to emphasize the effects of not segregating on waterways and even inside the home. i) E. Encarnacion pointed the need for a champion to exert pressure. She also wanted the message of cleanliness emphasized, which is the case in MMDA’s unified approach. j) J. de la Cruz wanted to emphasize the message of the importance of segregating, especially among informal settlers. 4) L. Eggerth cited that all the above messages could generally be clustered into 3 main messages/topics, namely leadership • Responsibility social positive • Financial impact negative security • Health/quality of life fear 5) The group suggested that the three topics could be incorporated into one message of “solid waste management” with emphasis on 3 aspects:
• Solid waste management
Social responsibility financial Quality of life
It was subsequently discussed, that solid waste management is the subject area, and not a message/topic for an IEC campaign. TARGET AUDIENCES 6) On the matter of target audiences, D. Santos suggested 2 categories: (a) the influential (from the governing sector) and (b) the followers (the governed). The group proceeded to list target audiences that would fall into these two categories, rank the target audiences in terms of priority for the communications plan, and then suggest strategies for the Priority 1 audiences and for the General Public. 7) The meeting concluded with the agreement that the minutes of the discussion will be sent to the members who will be requested to give more thought to the messages and strategies for further enrichment of the communications plan. 8) The next meeting was set for Wednesday, February 19 at 9:00 a.m. A quieter venue will be sought, but in case there’s none, it would be in the same room.
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RANK 1
TARGET AUDIENCE a. Influential LGU officials
1
Civic organizations
1
Business leaders
1
Media
1
Children(4-12yrs)
2 2 3
Religious groups Teachers b. Followers Community/general public
3 3
Domestic helpers Janitors
Final Report
MEDIUM/STRATEGIES Meetings Circulars Rewards/recognition Meetings Awareness/recognition Partnership Meetings/seminars Partnership Recognition/promotion/best practices Tours to MRF’s with workshop Press releases Press conference Awards/recognition Fun activities Competition
TV/cinema spots Print ads. (including tabloids) Text messaging Bumper stickers Billboards/posters
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MEETING/VISIT: Third IEC Working Group Meeting PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeDENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry QuiaoitEMB-EEID, Albert Magalang-NSWMC-Secretariat, Elenida Basug-EMB-EEID, Linda Eggerth-ADB TA, Grace Favila-ADB TA; Luis Diaz-Technical Team Leader; Daniel Diaz-Observer; Elsie Encarnacion-MMDA; Ritchie Ann Guzman-EMB-EEID
WHERE:
EIA Conference Room
DATE:
Wednesday, 9:00am, February 26, 2003
Highlights 1. Ms. Grace Favila started the meeting by asking if there were any corrections noted in the minutes of the previous meeting, which were distributed in advance. Elen Basug noted that she had commented at the last meeting that there should be an NGO representative in the Working Group. G. Favila answered that Ms. Beth Roxas was supposed to be that person, representing the Environment Broadcast Circle. There were no other corrections raised and so the minutes were considered passed. 2. Ms. Favila then went on to the discussion of the draft IEC framework and IEC schedule prepared by Linda Eggerth. She reminded the group that although it’s not reflected in the drafts, it is presumed that the main messages for the activities cited are those that the group identified in the Feb. ___ meeting. Specifically these are: Responsibility leadership social Financial Health/Quality of Life
positive negative security fear
3. The Metro Manila SWM-IEC Plan, as discussed further by the body, elicited the following developments: •
DENR offices, as per instruction of the DENR Secretary, will publish a weekly one-page “fact sheet” on certain issues and related concerns. For SWM matters, said data sheet will come out every 2 months.
•
Production of the EMB 2003 Calendar-poster with initial 2000 copies featuring SWM and the RA 9003 is underway. E. Encarnacion of MMDA and J. dela Cruz of the City of Manila pledged to buy into the project by adding to the no. of copies to be ordered. It was noted that politicians could ride on these materials but it was pointed out that this could not be stopped and that in fact it could be beneficial to the group’s efforts because information will be disseminated.
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•
EMB also announced that it will produce “refrigerator magnet” with SWM messages with the support of sponsoring organizations such as the MMSWM project, This will be launched in September, 2003. MMDA and the City of Manila also expressed interest in this project too.
•
For the LGU’s based in Metro Manila, the ADB-TA4838 has scheduled a 4-day workshop on their 10-year SWM plan. It will be held in Villa Cristina, Antipolo City on March 11-14, 2003. Villa Cristina. Similar SWM trainings were also conducted by the Commission where their first targets were Makati and Valenzuela and the program is on-going for other government organizations including those members of the Commission. Likewise, MMDA does the same but they are focused on barangay units.
•
For civic organizations, they could use the “fact sheets” as handouts in their advocacy..
•
Among the business groups, the fact sheets will also be useful. In communicating to the business sector, the Philippine Business for the Environment(especially through their magazine Business and Environment) and the Management Association of the Philippines can be requested to assist. Ms. Favila also informed the group that a “business desk” will also be established in DENR under the Special concerns office. It will serve as window for partnership between the department and the business sector.
•
For the media group, DENR-PAO will take care of press releases/conferences. A Media Tour to working MRF models like Bacoor, Sun Valley, Guadalupe, Mother Earth, Escopa is being planned. In terms of over-all coordination, Ms. Paulme was assigned to take charge of pre-arrangements on transportation, food and other perks. It was also agreed that the site tour will fall on a Friday, not on a weekend. It was also suggested that the tour should be done twice a year.
•
For the children’s' sector, the MMDA will share copies of the JICA-SWM learning module. Other contests for them were suggested like “Name a Mascot Contest”, poster making contests, creative products out of recyclables contest, etc.
•
Mr. Danny Diaz further suggested that children will appreciate it if part of their contest prizes is a “meet the President in person” strategy and for the older ages, on their workparticipations, be given due recognitions such as “scholarships”. He stressed further that in order to entice media to be involved, the journalists have to be fed with lots of media materials and be given much exposure to the subject for them to come-up with articles or radio-TV features. They can bank photos, Aerial photos, stories and reports that they can draw from to fill up space whenever the need arises. They can be fed this info through web sites, e-mails or fax. If budgets will allow it, it would be good to engage professional PR groups who can test IEC materials on a focused group first, before any full-blown undertaking.
•
Mr. Diaz also advised the group to analyse their materials well so that these items can draw positive responses and to develop them in a way that their value will last for long periods of time. They should not be thrown away.
•
For the General Public, there’s a need to avail of mass media like radio/TV and cinema trailers. For radio/TV spots the project should aim for prime times game shows, telenovelas and other popular shows. It was noted that popular TV sitcoms now do feature environmental concerns.
• In terms of costing E.Encarnacion cited her experience with PIA in 2001 in connection with their film production of “Hiwalay kung hiwalay”. For a total cost of P457,000.00, the IEC package included the production of a radio/TV spot and a cinema spot and the airing on radio/TV for 1 month and in all Metro Manila cinemas for longer than a month. The package included the scripts, shooting scenes, arranging for the “talents” and voice-over tapings.
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• The body also discussed the possibility of getting the proper permits to voice over Filipino dialects on a cartoon video, which Mr. Johnny de la Cruz uses. • Text messaging can also be used. G. Favila shared that according to a producer of text messages with graphics, companies such as his do not charge any production fee. They earn a commission from the mobile phone companies. • Print ads and billboards are too costly and considered to be a least priority. Besides, these will end up as solid waste very quickly due to wear and tear. • The development of a web site for SWM is underway. A team of PSDN people is doing a project on this now. • The establishment of a National Ecology Center is also underway to be launched on Earth Day. It will be located in an area in front of the Heart Center next to the Central Bank Minting Facility. • It was pointed out that a call-in or text-DENR project on SWM would be very costly because people will be hired to respond intelligently to the calls. Otherwise, such a project will flop for lack of interest from the public. The experiences of Bantay Kalikasan and of the “Partnership for Clean Air ” were cited. These 2 groups have the funds to sustain the project. • For the next meeting, G. Favila requested that it be held in March during the time that Ms. Linda Eggerth will be in town. The body agreed to set the next meeting on March 17, same time. • There being no other important items to discuss, the body adjourned at 11:0 AM.
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MEETING/VISIT: The Fourth IEC Working Group Meeting PRESENT:
Daniel Santos-PIA, Zorayda Aquende-DILG, Irma PaulmeENR-PAO, Juan De La Cruz-DPS-Manila, Harry QuiaoitEMB-EEID, Rachel Cabigas-NSWMC-Secretariat, Marissa Nabua-NSWMC-Secretariat, Linda Eggerth-ADB TA, Grace Favila-ADB TA
WHERE:
EIA Conference Room
DATE:
Monday, 9:00am, March 17, 2003
1. L. Eggerth asked if there were any further comments on the discussions at the last meeting. G. Favila reported corrections on the minutes that E. Encarnacion faxed to the ADB-TA Office. • Item 3, bullet 2 should read that “E. Encarnacion would look into the possibility of MMDA riding on the IEC materials already produced”. She pointed out that she did not use the word “pledge” as she does not have the authority to do so. • Item No. 3, bullet 12 – E. Encarnacion wished to correct the figures she cited regarding the cost of the “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay…” campaign. PIA charged a total cost of P437,700 in 2001 for 5 exposures/day for one month at each of the following outlets: Sll KBP member TV stations and 3 cable stations 80 cinema theatres 40 radio stations MMDA provided the basic script and the talents, namely Joey Marquez, Alma Moreno and then MMDA Chair Ben Abalos. For Item 3, bullet 7, I. Paulma wanted it clear in the minutes that when the media is invited for the tour of MRF’s, they will be told beforehand about the planned program of activities. 2. L. Eggerth gave a brief report on the seminar-workshop on SWM for LGU’s held in Antipolo the previous week. It was noted that some members of the IEC Work Group were able to attend. She mentioned that the IEC component in the preparation of the LGU 10-year SWM Plan was stressed. 3. L. Eggerth then proceeded to ask for further comments on the draft ComPlan that was discussed in the previous meeting. She expressed her desire to move on to specific messages if there were no more comments. 4. I. Paulme raised the question of handling controversial issues. A system is needed -- how and who should handle such issues. She suggested that there should be a list of resource people readily available to speak on such matters. There should be a list of potential crisis-issues on which the PAO can readily get a fact sheet. It was recommended that if DENR people are asked about such issues and no official position or statement has been forwarded, the questions must be answered theoretically. G. Favila underscored that a proactive strategy is better. DENR and the NSWMC must keep abreast of current issues. It was noted that the present monitoring procedures of DENR has SWM officers in every region submitting reports to the office of the Secretary everyday at 8:00 a.m. As to questions or reports from outsiders, G.Favila stressed that a bright person must answer and act on all of these. He/she should not just refer these questions to the relevant bureau. That one person must pursue the answer and report back to the caller. In the area of SWM, that one person must come from the NSWMC. He/she must get reports on upcoming issues everyday and prepare a 1-page report on all issues.
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D. Santos added that an Issues Management/Monitoring system must be set up. A proforma onepager can be designed to make the daily reporting easier. Z. Aquende shared information about the DILG system. The Office of Public Affairs has two shifts such that at 4:00a.m. A report is prepared for the secretary on matters reported by the different regions. By 5:00 the Office of the Secretary is kept abreast of all current issues. His assistant then gives these issues to all of the 5 bureaus for their reaction. At 8:00a.m. the Office of the Secretary receives all the reactions from the bureaus. These are collated and referred to the legal department for their opinion. By 9:00a.m. the Secretary receives all reports and opinions and is ready to answer questions from anyone, especially the media. 5. D. Santos emphasized that the core messages should be developed by the IEC Work Group and the LGU’s can disseminate them using various media available to them. 6. I. Paulme asked about the possibility of having all SWM key plays guest in a TV talk show. L. Eggerth cautioned that before organizing that, the IEC working group must first make sure that there is synergy. Rachel assured the group that the government is on top of the issues because the people in the NSWMC secretariat coordinate with different sectors. L. Eggerth requested Rachel to make a list of all activities that the NSWMC is doing that can be featured in the media. H. Quiaoit added that somebody who knows the law must also be featured. 7. It was clarified that the fact sheets must be both motivational and informative aimed at changing behaviours. 8. It was also stressed that the talk shows, fact sheets, media exposure, communications with religious and civic organizations must be well coordinated and synchronized. 9. A Primer on RA 9003 for the barangays is needed. There are 42,000 barangays in the country. 10. Plans for the Media Tour were discussed. • It will be in the week of May 5, depending on the preference of the media people to be invited • The MRF at Barangay Marulas, Valenzuela will be visited, and then a brief seminar cum lunch will be organized at a restaurant near the Valenzuela City. • A video of the dumpsites at Pier 18 and Lingunan (Valenzuela) will be shown, with the permission of Manila.
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ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
MEETING/VISIT:
5 IEC Work Group Meeting
PERSONS VISITED:
Elenida Basug, DENR-EMB-EEIO Richie Anne Guzman, DENR-EMB-EEIO Ritchie P , DENR-EMB-EEIO Rachel Cabigas, NSWMC Jannet Yanto, NSWMC Irma Paulme, DENR-PAO Juan de la Cruz, City of Manila Elsie Encarnacion, MMDA Luis Diaz, ADB-TA Linda Eggerth, ADB-TA Grace Favila, ADB-TA
DATE:
Final Report
th
9:00a.m., Tuesday, May 6, 2003
1. Updates L. Eggerth started the meeting with an update on the IEC activities under the ADB-TA, which will last until June, 2003. (See meeting handout: Table 1: Proposed MMSWMP IEC Activities). She underscored the insertion of the following info materials in the conference kit in the National SWM Conference for Barangays last April 14-15: • Fact sheets on recycling, waste characterization, composting and residual waste • Flowchart which is a simplification of the RA9003 L. Eggerth mentioned that the meeting would be the last under the project but that the consultants strongly recommend that the IEC Work Group continue. She added that Ms. Elen Basug of the EMBEEIO has agreed to chair the committee. The other members present voiced their support for the continuation of the Work Group and for the leadership of Elen Basug. 2. Update on the MRF Tour L. Eggerth reported that a tour of a functioning MRF was planned for the media on May 9, 2003 but because of poor response from reporters, the plans were modified. It will instead be a children’s tour of the MRF in Marulas, Valenzuela that is operated by the city government. Twenty children of DENR employees have been invited. After the tour a Poster-Making contest will be held at the Parks and Wildlife Bureau complex on Quezon Ave. The children will be divided into 4 groups and each group will have time to visit 4 stations in the MRF where they would have hands-on activities on composting, recycling, gardening and handling residual waste. The media people are still invited so that they could cover the event. Paulme reported that to date 5 media representatives from Manila Times, Business World, RP Express, Malaya and Bantay Kalikasan of ABS-CBN Network have confirmed. It was agreed that a press kit will be prepared containing the following: • A write-up of the event and of Valenzuela • The fact sheets • The SWM Flowchart for the Barangays 3. IEC plans on Disposal L. Eggerth sought suggestions on how to educate the public regarding sanitary landfills. J. Yanto suggested that the public be taught how to differentiate between open dump and sanitary landfills because today they think they are one and the same. J. de la Cruz added that people generally associate the Smokey Mountain to sanitary landfill. This situation has to be cleared. J. Yanto cited the need to educate the media because sometimes they show pictures of the open dump and call it a sanitary landfill. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10 Annex 1 page 12
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Paulme suggested that the assistance of the clergy and civic organizations be sought. L. Eggerth agreed to prepare a fact sheet about open dumping but this will merely inform the public about the hazards but will not give an alternative. She will also prepare a fact sheet about sanitary landfill, which can start the educational process on what appropriate alternative can be done. Luis Diaz showed some pictures of dumpsites located in Metro Manila and highlighted the hazards they pose. He also showed pictures of the controlled dump in Montalban and highlighted the improvements over the open dumps and also the hazards the site still poses. G. Favila asked the group for suggestions on how these pictures can be used to convince the public to accept sanitary landfills. E. Encarnacion suggested that the people be approached as partners, not as unreasonable critics. L. Diaz suggested that the IEC be addressed to parents because of the health impact. He believes parents will do anything to protect their children. 4. IEC plans on Medical Waste L. Eggerth also cited the need to address medical waste in the IEC plan. She underscored the importance of segregating general waste from infectious waste because doing so can greatly reduce the volume of infectious waste that needs to be treated. This reduces both the health risk and the financial cost. R. Guzman suggested using the testimony of hospitals that have effective SWM like that of San Juan de Dios hospital. I. Paulme also suggested following the posters and signages of the heart Center. G. Favila reminded the group that most hospitals have a SWM on paper but the problem lies in the actual implementation and monitoring. The meeting adjourned at 11:30a.m. with the understanding that Ms. Elen Basug will call the next meeting.
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LIST OF IEC WORKING GROUP REPRESENTATIVES AGENCY NSWMC-Secretariat
NAME OF REPRESENTATIVE Albert A. Magalang, Executive Director Jannet S. Yanto Rachel F. Cabigas
DENR-Public Affairs Office (PAO)
Irma Paulme, Director
EMB-Env. Education & Information
Elenida Basug, Division Chief
Division (EEID)
Harry Quiaoit Ritchie Ann Guzman
Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
Daniel Santos
Dept. of Interior & Local Govt. (DILG)
Zorayda Aquende
Metro Manila Devt. Authority(MMDA)
Elsie Encarnacion
Metro Manila Local Governments
Juan dela Cruz
Environmental Broadcast Circle (NGO)
Beth Roxas
ADB-TA 3848 Team
Linda Eggerth Grace Favila
____________________________________________________________________________________ Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10 Annex 1 page 14
ADB TA3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
ANNEX 2
Final Report
Partial Inventory of IEC Materials/Activities on SWM Since 1997
I. By DENR-EMB a.
Videos i. Basura Dapat Pakinabangan(Waste is a resource), 15 min. VHS ii. Galit sa Basura(Mad at Solid Waste), 15 min. VHS iii. Waste no Time, May Solusyon(There’s a Solution), 2-hr telethon reduced to 30min. video, April 2002
b.
Radio/TV Plugs i. Libingan(Cemetery), with celebrity endorsee Celeste Legaspi, 1-min, 2001 ii. Mag-MRF Tayo(Let’s MRF), with celebrity endorsees ChinChin Gutierrez and Nonoy Zuniga, 1-min, 2002, produced by PIA, broadcast on public and private stations
c.
Periodicals i. Industry EnviroNews, quarterly, articles on all aspects of the environment including solid waste Waste Bulletin, DENR-EMB, Published annually ii. Tech Forum, DENR-EMB, special issue on wastes iii. Symbiosis, DENR, Technical journal tackling special environmental issues iv. Recycletron(comics)
d.
Books/Booklets i. Curriculum Guide, DECS AND DENR, intended for use by educators responsible for the promotion of EE in schools and communities, 1999
e.
Posters i. Bawasan ang Basurang Itinatapon! Magsegregate ii. She’s on Top… of a Garbage Heap. Minimize Waste. She deserves more.
f.
Workshops/Training Courses i. Communications and Education Planning Workshop on the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, April 2002 ii. Proper Solid Waste Management Techniques, intended for LGU’s iii. Ecological Waste Management iv. Sharing of Experiences on Best Practices in Solid Waste Management v. Essential Elements of an Effective Solid Waste Management System vi. Documentation of Promising/success Stories on Waste Management, started for the school systems, NGOs, Communities, industries, DENR/EMB regional Offices
g.
Contests i. Photography, Citizenry participation in Environmental Protection ii. Crosstich Design , Solid Waste management iii. Television Spot Competition, Environmental Issues iv. Poster-making, Environmentally Sound Development
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v. Art Contest for high school students, Sa sama-samang Pagkilos, Basura ay Maiaayos (By Working Together, the Garbage will be solved, artwork used for folders vi. Poster-making, Sobra-sobrang Basura: Paano Na?(Too Much Garbage, what now?), 2000 vii. Recycled Products, mid-90s h.
Exhibits i. Solid Waste Management ii. Recycling of Styrofoam
II. By MMDA a.
TV Plug/shows i. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”(Separate, if Separate it must), 60-seconder with celebrity couple Joey Marquez and Alma Moreno, on waste segregation, Oct 2001, produced by Phil. Information Agency and shown on KBP Channels. ii. Special feature on TV program “Jessica Soho Presents, Basura Palit Bigas(Rice in exchange for solid Waste, 10 min iii. Special feature on Community-based Solid waste management of Bgy. Vitas shown on TV program “Community Wish Ko Lang, November 2002 iv. Regular TV guesting on “Breakfast ng Bayani”(Breakfast of Heroes{play on name of MMDA Chair}), 15 min. with anchorman Bam Aquino on Studio 23, 7:30a.m., discusses Metro Manila problems including solid waste. v. Regular guesting on Magandang Umaga, Bayan(Good Morning, Nation(or community)), 8:30a.m. on Channel 2, discusses MMDA problems including solid waste vi. MMDA on the Road, 10:00-11:00p.m., Channel 4, discusses MMDA problems including solid waste vii. TV coverage of reduction of wastes in markets through shredding of market vegetable and fruit wastes in EDSA Central and Farmer’s Markets, 1999
b.
Radio Program/Plugs i. “MMDA sa GMA” (MMDA on GMA[radio/tv network]), 594AM), 9:00-10:00a.m. every Sunday with anchorman Arnold Clavio, discusses MMDA problems including solid waste ii. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”, 60 seconder with celebrity couple Joey Marquez and Alma Moreno, played in 80 station in Oct 2001
c.
Cinema Plugs i. “Hiwalay kung Hiwalay”, 60 seconder with celebrity couple Joey Marquez and Alma Moreno, played in 60 movie houses in Oct 2001
d.
Roaming PA system i. To introduce new projects and to announce activities, including those for SWM
e.
Contests i. Parade of Recyclables showcased recycling initiatives in MM, 1999 ii. Mascot drawing contest, funded by JICA, 1999 iii. Mascot-naming contest, current
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Final Report
Video i. On community based recycling, produced in 1999 and issued to all LGU’s ii. On improvement of collection system in inaccessible areas, produced in 1999 and issued to all LGU’s
g.
Books i. SWM Learning Modules for Grades 4,5,6, funded by JICA, 2001
h. i.
“Periodikit”(Periodiko na dinidikit, newspaper hang on the wall) – gave information on SWM – schedules, areas covered, etc., 2001 Printed Flyers i. 4-page flyer on Community Based Solid Waste Management, with special emphasis on segregation, illustrated, and in Tagalog language. ii. 1-page flyer showing pictures that illustrate dry recyclable items iii. 1-page flyer with updates on communities’ performance in SWM, what had been accomplished and what still need to be accomplished. iv. 4-page flyer on backyard composting, illustrated, written in Pilino.
j.
Newsletter on SWM, 8 issues published in 1999 with funding from JICA, written in English
k.
Rolling vans i. With signs “Basura-palit-bigas” (Rice in exchange for garbage), an advocacy program for segregation and recycling
l.
Dialogues i. Between Chairman and 17LGUs and all barangays regarding RA9003 and waste reduction on community level, March-May2001
m.
Lectures, Seminars and workshops on i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
n.
basic concepts of SWM RA9003 SWM in Metro Manila Waste Reduction Community-based Solid Waste management From 1999 to the present at a frequency of 2 to 5 times per month
Press Releases
III. DECS(Department of Education and Culture) a.
School Program: War on Waste, in elementary schools nationwide
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IV. By LGU’s a.
Valenzuela i. One-page flyers in Filipino 1. Araw ng Pagkuha ng Basura(Days of Garbage Collection)- with illustrations and tips on segregation, composting 2. The provisions of RA9003 in bulleted question and Answer format 3. The Rules according to RA9003 that apply to subdivisions or village 4. Wastong Pag-aayos ng mga Basura(the Right way to manage Solid Waste, a community approach, in flowchart format 5. Similar to #4 but for school-based approach ii. One-page flyers in English, illustrated, published by Clean and Green 1. Waste Segregation 2. Composting iii. Paintings on walls with illustrations of slogans
b.
Malabon i. One-page flyer in Filipino 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
c.
Memo, signed by mayor, dated Feb 1, 1999 identifying the prohibited acts under MMDA Ordinance No. 96-009 and the corresponding fines and numbers of days of community service Patalastas/Panawagan(Announcement) about MMDA waste segregation policy and Malabon policy that unsegregated waste will not be collected. MMDA’s flyer Bawas Basura, Bawas Problema that illustrates waste segregation and includes penalties for violation. Flyer has added Malabon City Hall telephone number for reporting violations. Unsigned letter from barangay council of Niugan on the barangay’s implementation of MMDA Regulation No. 96-009 memo, signed by City Mayor Amado Vicencio outlining the city’s implementation of RA9003, no illustrations Unsigned letter from city government to citizens regarding city’s implementation of RA9003, with illustration bi-fold flyer from Linis Ganda dated Feb 14, 2000 signed by Dr. Loi Ejercito Estrada and Mrs. Florinda Vicencio(mayor’s wife), with illustrations on waste segregation and pricelist of recyclables
Muntinlupa i. Training Module on Ecological Solid Waste Management: Anon? Bakit? Sino? Saan? Kailan? Paano? ( What, why, who, where, when, How) ii. One-page flyer in Filipino 1. Muntinlupa City Ecological Waste Management, illustrated guide on segregation, adapted from MMDA flyer, using face of mayor.
2. 3.
Mga Dapat Tandaan sa Backyard o Household composting(What one needs to remember about backyard or household composting) Bawas Basura, Bawas Bara, Bawas problema(Reduce waste, reduce flooding, reduce problems) – illustrated guide for segregation, re-use and composting.
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iii. One-page flyer in English 1.
Ecological Waste Management, coloured paper, much illustrated, guide for segregation, re-use and collection
iv. Bi-fold brochure on “Ecological Solid waste Management, Livelihood and Training Center(Eco-Center) for the pilot project in Sto. Nino Village. v. Newsletter Ang Bagong Lingkod Bayan features articles on solid waste management d.
Makati i. 4-page brochure on Makati Solid waste Management Program in Filipino – emphasizing segregation, re-use and composting, mentions the laws and ordinances related to solid waste, and back cover is a jingle 3B=3K where 3B’s:bawasan(reduce), balik-gamitin(re-use) and Baguhin(recycle) are equated to Kalinisan(cleanliness) Kalusugan(health), and kayamanan(wealth). ii. 18-page comic book, At Yur Serbis, in full colour, illustrates segregation, re-use, composting and recycling.
e.
Pasig i. 1-page flyer in Filipino 1. Linis-Ganda flyer with pricelist, flowchart of segregation, and directory of Linis Ganda outlets; signed by Mayor Soledad Eusebio 2. Infor-Aide, guide on PD 825 and the corresponding city ordinance, highlighting prohibitions and the corresponding fines and penalties
f.
Manila i. One-page flyer in Tagalog/English on waste segregation and schedule of collection ii. 2-color bi-fold with illustrations on cover and inside pages, IBUKOD-BUKOD AND BASURA(SEGREGATE)
g.
Quezon City i. One-page flyer in English 1.
Mag-Segregate, coloured, fully illustrated, master came from MMDA but adopted by Quezon City
ii. Flyers in Filipino 1. 2.
Bi-fold prepared by Sagip Pasig Movement, Bawasan and Basura(Reduce Solid Waste), illustrated Small bi-fold Simot Basura Sa Barangay
iii. Training module for Barangay officials, highlighting legal basis and collection system h.
By Marikina i. Posters 1. 2.
A Cleaner Greener Marikina Bawasan and ItinatapongBasura! Isegregate. RA9003
ii. Handouts(pictorial) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Community Awareness Strategy Report No: 10 Annex 2 page 5
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Final Report
Panahon na para maghiwalay(Instructions for segregation)
V. By NGOs a.
SWARMPLAN – Solid Waste Reduction Master Plan for Metro Manila This plan is “an integrated response of civil society and the business sector to Pres. Gloria M. Arroyo’s request for a rationalized solid waste management program. It is a showcase of coordination among the NGOs in extending assistance to address the solid waste situation in Metro Manila. The different leading NGOs that deal with solid waste have divided the work of training people on proper ecological solid waste management such that each organization focuses on one specific sector. Hence, • • • •
b.
Barangays are helped by the Mother Earth Foundation Wet markets are helped by Concerned Citizens Against Pollution(COCAP) Schools are helped by the Environmental Studies Institute of Miriam College Subdivision are helped by the Recycling Movement of the Philippines
Videos i. Hiwalay Kung Hiwalay(Separate if Separation is necessary), by the National Coalition for Urban Transformation, 35 min, in VHS and in CD versions, 2001
c.
Brochures i. The Waste Xchange, Phil. Business for the Environment (Jan 2002)
d.
Periodical i. Patlepam News, Phil. Associ. Of Tertiary Level Educational Institutions in Environmental Protection and Management, published by DENR-EMB, Articles on all aspects of the environment, including solid waste ii. Business and Environment, Philippine Business for the Environment, regular column on Waste Exchange and articles on solid waste, quarterly, Waste Exchange column moderately effective
e.
Books i. Doon Po Sa Amin, Published by Earth Day Network, 100 success stories about SWM
f.
Workshops/For a/Training Courses i. Forum on Waste Management: Waste Management as a Way of Life, Rotary Club for local businesses, August 2002 ii. Assistance to Barangay Councils in the formulation of Barangay Ordinance concerning ecological waste management iii. By SWAPP(Solid Waste Association of the Philippines): Trainer’s Training on 1. the Establishment and Operations of an MRF 2. Developing and Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan 3. Improving Solid Waste Disposal Facility 4. Cavite, April 2002; Tagaytay City, Los Banos, Laguna and San Mateo Rizal, June 2002, June 2002 iv. Localizing RA9003, SWAPP, Nov. 2001 1.
Cavite, April 2002; Tagaytay City, Los Banos, Laguna and San Mateo Rizal, June 2002, June 2002
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ANNEX 3
Final Report
PRESENTATION MATERIALS FROM WORKSHOP
Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project
10-Year SWMP Requirements – RA 9003 Section 17(i) Describe how the LGU will educate and inform its citizens Source reduction Recycling programs Composting programs Waste collection services Waste management (disposal) Related health and environmental concerns
Education and Public Information Linda Eggerth Grace Favila
10-Year SWMP Requirements – RA 9003 Section 17(i)
Important Considerations
Wide dissemination among public
Integration with infrastructure Coordinated/uniform message Continuous effort/sustainability Well-conceived plan Realistic strategies Offering alternatives to current situation
Print media Broadcast media Other govt. agencies in municipality
Curriculum in schools Primary, secondary and college students Role of DECS and Commission on Higher Education
Preparation of IEC Plan 1.
Research on previous/existing IEC activities Types, subject, audience, number/frequency Effectiveness Discussions with community groups Best approaches for each audience
Preparation of IEC Plan 2.
Development of strategy Problems/issues Need (purpose of IEC activity) • • • •
Information dissemination Education Motivation Advocacy
Target audiences • Specific • Message may vary by sector
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Preparation of IEC Plan 2.
Development of strategy
Preparation of IEC Plan 2.
Development of strategy
Approach
Method/Medium
• Positive • Negative
• Selected based on purpose, audience, and message • Part of a well-conceived plan • Avoidance of a scattered approach • Use of innovative approaches
Subject of message • Straightforward, simple • Coordinated with other agencies • Evolving over time
Preparation of IEC Plan 3.
Final Report
Preparation of plan document: Introduction Matrix of planned activities • • • • • •
Purpose Target audience Subject of message Method Responsible party Monitoring plan
Key Issues Focused approach – need, purpose, audience, message, strategy Integration with infrastructure Implementable
Schedule Cost
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Template for IEC Plan of LGUs I. Preparatory Phase a. Review vision of 10–year plan: How should city/municipality look [SWM-wise] after years? Example: In 10 years Malinis City will have an average per capita waste-generation of 0.2 kg with 75% of the citizens doing segregation at source, 40% of the citizens doing composting at home, garbage collection is paid according to weight, etc. b. Set progressive targets – consistent with and supportive of 10–year plan Example: Citizens aware of RA 9003, ecological solid waste management practices
40% by end of Year 1 70% by end of Year 2
Citizens doing segregation at home/office
20% by end of Year 1
Citizens doing composting 20% by end of Year 2 c. Define specific messages for each target in each period of the 10-year plan Examples: d. Identify specific target audiences Examples: e. Adjust main messages to suit each target audience Examples: f.
Identify activities and medium to deliver the message to the target audience Examples: I. g. Identify available resources Examples: I. Junk shops in the area II. NGOs that do training III. h. Estimate costs i. Identify potential barriers/concerns[IEC-related] II. Planning Proper List activities, target audience, budget, resources/partners, point person, timeframe activity
Target audience
cost
Resources/Partners
Time frame
Pointperson
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ANNEX 4
Final Report
MATERIALS IN MEDIA KIT FOR MRF TOUR
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Final Report
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ANNEX 5
Final Report
PRESENTATION AT MRF TOUR LUNCHEON WORKSHOP
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ANNEX 6 Script 1
Final Report
TENTATIVE SCRIPTS OF 2 TV PLUGS :
DENR Basura(garbage) Jovito Salonga
AUDIO
VIDEO
Music up then under V.O.
Jovito Salonga, mambabatas, politico, Iskolar, ama at magandgang halimbawa ng isang nagsasaayos ng basura
Collage of pictures, videos, etc. Salonga segregating, composting gardening, etc.
Jovito Salonga, lawmaker, politician, Scholar, father and a model of proper Solid waste management. Salonga interview V.O.
Nagawa niya ng nag-iisa …kaya natin, lalo na’t sama-sama! He did al these by himself. . . . we can do it, especially that we’re together.
Salonga interview V.O.
Ugaling mag-segregate. Ang galing noh! Make segregating a habit. It’s great, right?
Closing shot of Salonga as he looks at the camera Fade to DENR card and other Add-ons Show the difference how much waste is being thrown if not segregated and how much if there is segregation.
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ADB TA 3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Final Report Script 2
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DENR Basura “GMA 1 ” (GMA= Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo)
AUDIO
VIDEO
Music up then under V.O.
Mayron akong tula, Tungkol sa basura. Sabihin mo ng yuck, Kadiri at kung anu-ano pa. Ang turo ng teacher ko, Itapon ng wasto, i-shoot ang basura mo. Mga di nabubulok…magsama-sama kayo! Mga nabubulok…dito naman ang Kalalagyan n’yo! …segregation ang tawag dito. Tamang paraan ng pagbabasura, Ugaliin natin, now na!
School shot Slightly chubby chills is seen on stage delivering a poem in front of his classmates. Others are standing, the rest Are sitting and eating but Eagerly listening to the kid.
Child bows, classmates Clapping
(I have a poem, About solid waste. You say “yuck”, Disgusting, etc. What my teacher taught me is Dispose of it properly, ditch your garbage The non-biodegradable… you go together The biodegradeable.. you stay here ..”segregation” is what you call this Proper solid waste management, Let’s make this a habit now.) GMA: Yan ang batang magaling. Malusog at malinis, karapat-dapat Na gayahin Ang galing noh?!
GMA enter frame DENR card and other Add-ons.
(That’s a smart child. Healthy and clean, Worth imitating. He’s great, right?)
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ANNEX 7
Transcript of Text Messages
Set No. Set 1
Introductory Message Working together, we can conquer the garbage problem - Waste can be a valuable resource.
Secondary Message Help save d environment! Practice waste management 2day.
Set 2
Working together, we can conquer the garbage problem – Avoid wasteful consumption of goods.
Help save d environment! Practice waste management 2day.
Set 3
Working together, we can conquer the garbage problem - Reuse items that are useful instead of throwing them away.
Help save d environment! Practice waste management 2day.
Set 4
Working together, we can conquer the garbage problem - Compost your kitchen wastes to produce a soil amendment.
Help save d environment! Practice waste management 2day.
Set 5
Working together, we can conquer the garbage problem - Avoid littering. Dispose of garbage properly.
Help save d environment! Practice waste management 2day.
Options for Photos to Download D1 Nipa Hut D2 Grass N Flowers D3 Cactus in Desert D4 3 Flowers D5 Butterfly D6 Baby Angel D1 Carabao D2 Mushroom D3 Save Water D4 Coral D5 Cottage D6 Doggie D1 Camera n Film D2 Cute Dog D3 Fishing D4 Enjoy the Rain D5 Field of Flowers D6 Kite D1 Fly in Clouds D2 Hammer D3 Mountain D4 Peace Man D5 Starfish D6 Save Planet D1 Web D2 Palm Tree D3 Luv D Earth D4 Coffee Aroma D5 Cute Fish D6 Flower Love You
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Photos for Set 1:
D1 Nipa Hut D2 Grass N Flowers D3 Cactus in Desert D4 3 Flowers D5 Butterfly D6 Baby Angel
Photos for Set 2:
D1 Carabao D2 Mushroom D3 Save Water D4 Coral D5 Cottage D6 Doggie
Photos for Set 3:
D1 Camera n Film D2 Cute Dog D3 Fishing D4 Enjoy the Rain D5 Field of Flowers D6 Kite
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Photos for Set 4: D1 Fly in Clouds D2 Hammer D3 Mountain D4 Peace Man D5 Starfish D6 Save Planet
Photos for Set 5:
D1 Web D2 Palm Tree D3 Luv D Earth D4 Coffee Aroma D5 Cute Fish D6 Flower Love You
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ANNEX 8 Newspaper Articles About Aspects of the Project
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ADB TA 3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Final Report promotional activities. These evaluations and programs, if properly carried out and implemented, ANNEX 9 The Role of Business in can not only contribute to the proper management of solid wastes in the Philippines but can also Ecological Solid Waste Management make a positive contribution to the “bottom line” of the enterprises. Linda L. Eggerth and Luis F. Diaz CalRecovery, Inc. Waste Characterization Analyses 2454 Stanwell Drive, Concord, CA 94520 USA Under RA 9003, each city and municipality in the Philippines is mandated to prepare a 10-year solid waste management (SWM) plan that includes The problem of waste management has become a segregated collection, recycling, composting, and phenomenon in any mega city – Metro Manila is no proper disposal of residual waste. As part of the exception. The growing urbanization of planning process, a study to determine the quantity communities has compounded what used to be and composition of waste disposed (WACS) is to simple cleaning of our small backyard. Scarce be conducted. The National Solid Waste resources limit access to modern, state-of-the-art Management Commission (NSWMC) developed technologies. Thus, managing the daily waste standardized procedures that allow communities to generated has become a continuing challenge for conduct low-cost, but reliable, analyses. local chief executives, a challenge that they cannot just set aside while they think of how to solve it, A waste characterization study includes the because with each passing day of inaction, this analysis of the quantity, composition, bulk density, challenge becomes more enormous. and moisture content of disposed waste. Figures 1 through 4 depict the process involved in The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of conducting a composition analysis: (1) collection of 2000 (RA 9003) was passed on January 26, 2001. a representative sample for sorting; (2) weighing of It is very significant that this was the first bill signed the representative sample; (3) sorting of the waste into law by the current President of the Philippines, into components; and (4) weighing of the sorted Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The implementing rules components. The weights are then recorded onto and regulations for RA 9003 were approved on a data sheet for analysis. January 6, 2002. One of the main objectives of RA 9003 is the implementation of reduction, reuse, and recycling programs at all levels of society. This and other objectives of the Act can only be achieved by developing strategies and programs that involve the participation of all sectors of society – public and private. An estimated 6,300 tons/day of waste is generated in Metro Manila, approximately one-fourth of which is generated by the business sector (commercial and industrial). Businesses can make substantial contributions to the proper management of solid wastes by implementing programs to reduce the quantity of waste generated and disposed from their operations and by encouraging others to manage wastes wisely by modelling these actions in the community. Many businesses in Metro Manila have already implemented waste reduction and recycling programs. Nevertheless, much can still be accomplished. Some of the activities that can be undertaken by businesses to further ecological waste management are discussed in this paper: waste characterization analyses, waste audits, waste exchange programs, and educational and
Figure 1. Collection of Representative Sample for Sorting
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Figure 2. Weighing of Representative Sample
Figure 4. Weighing of Sorted Components
Figure 3. Sorting Waste into Components
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The results of the WACS should be used by the community as baseline data to prepare its solid waste management plans and to design an ecological solid waste management system that will meet the needs of the community and the requirements of RA 9003. The results can also be used by the various sectors analyzed (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial) to determine the types and quantities of wastes that are being disposed and to develop programs to reduce these quantities. Partial results of a waste characterization study conducted by the City of Muntinlupa in February 2003 are presented in Figure 5. The figure shows the composition of disposed waste for various types of businesses: malls, offices, restaurants, hotels/condominiums, markets, and industry. As shown in the figure, large quantities of paper, plastic, and kitchen/food waste are generated by most of the business types studied. Consequently, based on the results of the WACS, it would appear to be worthwhile for businesses to consider implementing programs to address these materials. Waste Audits Waste audits are used in several countries to both identify and manage the various types of wastes that are produced in a particular commercial or industrial activity. Although waste audits can be carried out for liquid, gaseous and solid wastes, this paper only considers the management of solid wastes produced by the private sector. A waste audit is an important tool for gaining information about the system of solid waste management for a particular business, including the areas in the facility that generate certain types of materials, the amount of garbage being disposed, and the types of recyclable materials being disposed of as garbage. It provides sitespecific information. Questions that typically would be asked during a waste audit include:
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What materials are in the waste stream? What materials in the waste stream are recyclable? What quantity of garbage would be reduced if recyclable materials were diverted from the waste stream? What quantity of recyclables could be collected? Where are the recyclables generated? By whom? If properly carried out, waste audits can be very helpful not only in reducing the amount of wastes that are generated by a particular activity but also in increasing the efficiency of the process, thereby improving the profitability of the enterprise. Waste audits can also be helpful in determining ways to reduce the toxicity of the wastes (through, for example, product substitution), thereby reducing the costs associated with treatment and disposal. Waste Exchange Programs Often business managers are unaware that the waste generated by their companies could be used by others. Waste exchange programs match waste producers with users of secondary materials. The basic principle behind the program is that the waste of one industry could be the input of another. Participation in a waste exchange program offers economic benefits to the seller and to the buyer, as well as environmental benefits through a reduction in the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Waste exchanges have been implemented throughout the world. In the Philippines, the Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE) initiated an Industrial Waste Exchange, offering a mechanism to match company waste generators with buyers. In addition, the Exchange (IWEP) helps to match companies and institutions with recyclers, processors, and environmental technology suppliers and service providers. In Business and Environment, the IWEP provides a listing of waste materials offered by participating companies (materials available) and the waste materials that other companies are looking for (materials wanted).
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70%
Composition of Disposed Waste (% wet wt)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% Malls Paper
Glass
Offices Metal
Plastic
Restaurants Food Waste
Hotels/ Condominiums
Yard/Green Waste
Organic
Markets Inorganic
Industrial Hazardous/Special
Figure 5. Composition of Disposed Waste for Selected Business Sectors (Muntinlupa, February 2003)
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Educational and Promotional Activities Members of the business sector can also play an important role in educating the public. This can be done by participating in formal IEC activities, as well as by training employees in various aspects of ecological waste management. The training activities can be designed to manage wastes within the work environment, as well as in the private residences of the employees. Employers can provide incentives for the employees to reduce, reuse, and recycle their wastes. In addition, employers can make waste management activities relatively simple to put into practice by providing the necessary waste management tools to all of the members of the particular enterprise. Other approaches that can be used by the business sector to promote ecological waste management within the company are numerous, e.g., posting of information in lunchrooms or similar places, including discussions during staff meetings, and publicizing good practices in a company newsletter. Businesses can also be instrumental in helping to promote proper waste management in the community. Examples include: offering to speak at community meetings, volunteering time at schools, participating in clean-up events, sponsoring contests at schools, and subsidizing the production of promotional materials. Summary Ecological solid waste management (waste reduction, segregation, recycling, composting, and residual disposal) is essential to the protection of public health and of the environment. Indeed, while it is government’s primary responsibility to promote public health and to protect the environment, the citizenry have the same responsibility to take care of the cleanliness of their surroundings. The effective implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act requires the active participation of all sectors of society.
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