Idea Transcript
CONTENTS
PREFACE RULES,
Xi
PRIN CIPLES, AND
IN TEGRITY:
A GENERAL IN TRO D U CTIO N
XV
WH AT RE A L L Y M A T T E R S ? ES SA YS O N V A L U E IN N A TU RE Where We Are and How We Got Here: The Roots o f Crisis Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: Guilt
3
Lynn White, Jr., The Historical Roots o f O ur Ecological Crisis
5
/. B aird C allicott, Environm ental Philosophy Is Environmental Activism: The M ost Radical and Effective Kind Shepard Krech, III, Pleistocene Extinctions
11
17
H ow ard F. Lyman with Glen Merzer, Mad Cowboy: The Cattle Rancher W ho W on't Eat Meat 2 7 M ichael Pollan, The (Agri)Cultural Contradictions o f Obesity B ill M cKibben, Deep Economy: The W ealth o f Com m unities and the D urable Future
Respect for Nature
37
42
Introduction: The Last Man and the Search for O bjective Value
42
Respect for Animals Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion P eter Singer, All Animals Are Equal
49
47
33
3
M ark Sagoff, Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Q uick Divorce
59
H olm es Rolston, III, Values in and Duties to the Natural World Ian John Whyte, The Elephant M anagement D ilem m a
66
71
Respect for Life Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion
85
C hristopher D. Stone, Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural O bjects
85
Gary Varner, Biocentric Individualism Equal Respect
90
Jen n ifer Zamzow, guest editor
Questions for Reflection and D iscussion
101
Paul W. Taylor, The Ethics o f Respect for Nature David Schmidtz, Are All Species Equal?
H olistic Ethics
102
114
123
M ichael B ukoski, guest editor Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: The Land Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic
123
124
Arne Naess, The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary 129 Elliott Sober, Philosophical Problem s for Environm entalism
132
R am achandra G uha, Radical American Environm entalism and W ilderness Preservation: A Third World C ritique
Ecofem inism
145
153
D aniel Silvermint, guest editor Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: Three Models o f O ppression
153
Kristen Hessler an d Elizabeth W illott, Feminism and Ecofem inism
155
K aren J. Warren, The Power and the Prom ise o f Ecological Feminism 1 57 G reta G aard an d Lori Gruen, Ecofem inism : Toward G lobal Justice and Planetary Health 1 70 G ita Sen, W omen, Poverty, and Population: Issues for the Concerned Environm entalist
187
V. Rukm ini Rao, W omen Farmers o f India's Deccan Plateau: Ecofem inists Challenge World Elites
5
Environm ental Justice
194
202
Joh n Thrasher, guest editor Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: Justice to W in
202
Kristin Shrader-Frechette, Environm ental Justice: Creating Equality, Reclaiming Democracy 2 0 4 Vandana Shiva, Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution, and Profit
21 7
David Schmidtz, Natural Enemies: An Anatomy o f Environmental Conflict
6
220
How Wild Does Nature Have to Be?
228
Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: An Allegory John Muir, Hetch Hetchy Valley
228
230
M artin H. Krieger, W hat's W rong with Plastic Trees?
232
Elizabeth W illott, Restoring Nature, W ithout M osquitoes?
244
David Pitcher an d Jen n ifer Welchman, Can an Environm ental Paradise Be Regained? The Hetch Hetchy Valley Q uestion
7
Finding Our Place in Nature
258
265
D om inating Nature Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion Val Plumwood, Being Prey
265
266
Freya Mathews, Letting the World Grow Old: An Ethos o f C ounterm odem ity
2 71
M ichelle Nijhuis, Bonfire o f the Superweeds
280
Learning to Belong Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion
286
Ronald Sandler, Environm ental Virtue Ethics
286
Thom as E. Hill, Jr., Ideals o f Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments
291
The Sim ple Life Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion M ark Sagoff, Do We C onsum e Too Much?
3 01 3 02
Joshu a C olt G am brel an d Philip C afaro, The Virtue o f Sim plicity Paul Schwennesen, O n the Ethics o f Ranching
339
324
II
WHAT RE A L L Y W O R K S ? ES SA YS ON H U M A N E C O L O G Y
8
Weighing Our Options
349
Questions for Reflection and D iscussion: O ptim al Pollution Steven Kelm an, Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Ethical Critique
349
350
Andrew Brennan, Moral Pluralism and the Environm ent
357
M artha C. Nussbaum, The Costs o f Tragedy: Som e Moral Limits o f C ost-Benefit Analysis
3 70
D avid Schmidtz, A Place for Cost-Benefit Analysis
9
The Logic o f Scarcity
387
401
Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion
401
Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy o f the C om m ons David Schmidtz, The Institution o f Property
403 406
Carol M. Rose, Liberty, Property, Environm entalism
420
D an C. Shahar, Free-Market Environm entalism Pace Environm entalism
10
438
W hat It Takes to Preserve W ilderness
447
Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: South Africa
44 7
David Schmidtz, W hen Preservationism D oesn 't Preserve
449
D avid Schmidtz an d Elizabeth W illott, Reinventing the Com m ons: An African Case Study
458
Lynn Scarlett, Choices, Consequences, and Cooperative Conservation: A New Environm entalism ?
11
4 72
Overpopulation and W hat to Do About It
484
Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: The Population Bom b
4 84
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and M orality G arrett Hardin, Living on a Lifeboat
486
4 93
H olm es Rolston, III, Feeding People Versus Saving Nature
504
Henry Shue, G lobal Environm ent and International Inequality Elizabeth W illott, Recent Population Trends
12
516
526
Climate Change and W hat to Do About It
536
D an C. Shahar, guest editor Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: Handing Down a Warmer World
536
D ale Jam ieson, Ethics, Public Policy, and G lobal Warming
538
Stephen M. Gardiner, A Perfect M oral Storm : Clim ate Change, Intergenerational Ethics and the Problem o f C orruption Andrew Light, Clim ate Ethics for Clim ate Action
54 7
557
John R. Christy, Testimony, U.S. House Ways and Means Com m ittee 5 6 7
13
Cities and W hat to Do About Them
5 70
Questions for Reflection and Discussion: Taking Scarcity Seriously
570
Jessica Woolliams, D esigning Cities and Buildings as if They Were Ethical Choices 5 72 Lynn Scarlett, Making Waste M anagement Pay
576
Robert Glennon, U nquenchable: America's Water Crisis and W hat to Do About It 5 7 9 G arland D. Cox, Energy
586
Tom Fournier, Air Pollution Abatement Strategies
14
590
Technology and W hat to Do About It 5 9 6 Scott Boocher, guest editor Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: Innovation and Risk M anagement
596
Gary Comstock, Ethics and Genetically M odified Foods
598
Paul B. Thompson and W illiam H annah, Novel and Normal Risk: Where Does N anotechnology Fit In?
609
Joshu a C olt G am brel, Virtue Theory and Genetically Modified Crops
15
622
Environm entalism in Practice
62 7
Q uestions for Reflection and D iscussion: The Ethics o f Confrontation 62 7 Bryan G. Norton, The Environm entalists' D ilem m a: D ollars and Sand D ollars
62 8
Bryan G. Norton, Fragile Freedoms Paul Watson, Tora! Tora! Tora!
63 4
639
Kate Rawles, The M issing Shade o f Green
644
Andrew Light, Taking Environm ental Ethics Public
654