Idea Transcript
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Contributors Ahmed Abdel Meguid, Syracuse University Ash‘aris; free will; human nature; prophecy As‘ad AbuKhalil, California State University, Stanislaus Lebanon Camilla Adang, Tel Aviv University Ibn Hazm Asma Afsaruddin, Indiana University martyrdom Ahmed Afzaal, Concordia College nonviolence Irfan Ahmad, Monash University (Australia) Aligarh; Jama‘at-i Islami; Mawdudi, Abul al-A‘la; Sayyid Ahmad Khan Sadaf Ahmad, Lahore University of Management Sciences (Pakistan) veil Farish Ahmad-Noor, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and Erasmus Universias Muhamadiyah Surakarta, Yogjarta (Indonesia) Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Rafiuddin Ahmed, Elmira College Bangladesh Shahrough Akhavi, University of South Carolina communism; guardianship of the jurist; socialism Mehmetcan Akpinar, University of Chicago Mawardi Omar Alí-de Unzaga, Institute of Ismaili Studies (London) Brethren of Purity Adel Allouche, Yale University Tunisia Sean W. Anthony, University of Oregon ‘Ali b. Abi Talib; Hasan b. ‘Ali; ‘Umar b. al-Khattab; ‘Uthman b. ‘Affan Zayde Antrim, Trinity College (Connecticut) Jerusalem; Mecca and Medina Christopher Anzalone, McGill University propaganda Saïd Amir Arjomand, Stony Brook University absolutism; monarchy; patrimonial state; al-Sadr, Muhammad Baqir J. C. Arsenault, University of Pennsylvania community; culture Mushegh Asatryan, Yale University ‘Alawis Fakhreddin Azimi, University of Connecticut Iran Kathryn Babayan, University of Michigan Isma‘il I Irit Back, Tel Aviv University East Africa; Ethiopia and Eritrea Roswitha Badry, University of Freiburg (Germany) consultation
Meir M. Bar-Asher, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Druze Michael Barry, Princeton University Afghanistan Abbas Barzegar, Georgia State University ayatollah; commanding right and forbidding wrong; source of emulation; al-Zawahiri, Ayman Shahzad Bashir, Stanford University messianism Orit Bashkin, University of Chicago ‘Abd al-Raziq, ‘Ali Mangol Bayat, Independent scholar al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din Amira K. Bennison, University of Cambridge Algeria; Berbers; Morocco; North Africa Lindsay J. Benstead, University of Michigan parliament Herbert Berg, University of North Carolina, Wilmington Muhammad, Elijah; Nation of Islam Jonathan P. Berkey, Davidson College madrasa Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Transoxiana Khalid Yahya Blankinship, Temple University Malik b. Anas; obedience; al-Shaybani, Muhammad b. al-Hasan Antoine Borrut, University of Maryland ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz John Bowen, Washington University in Saint Louis West, the Gerhard Bowering, Yale University Egypt (coauthor); Muhammad; Qur’an; Syria James Broucek, Florida State University mufti/grand mufti Jonathan A. C. Brown, University of Washington hadith Rainer Brunner, University of Freiburg (Germany) Europe; Karbala; Rightly Guided Caliphate Richard W. Bulliet, Columbia University conversion Heribert Busse, University of Kiel (Germany) Buyids Alexander Caeiro, Erlangen Centre for Islam and Law in Europe minorities, jurisprudence of Yousef Casewit, Yale University Zahiris Shaojin Chai, University of Notre Dame Uighurs Ayesha S. Chaudhry, University of British Columbia women
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Contributors
Julia Clancy-Smith, University of Arizona ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza’iri David Cook, Rice University Mahdi Michael Cook, Princeton University freedom Michael Cooperson, University of California, Los Angeles Baghdad; Ma’mun; Thousand and One Nights Robert D. Crews, Stanford University Central Asia; imperialism Patricia Crone, Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ) clients; philosophy; Quraysh; sunna; traditional political thought; usurper Farhad Daftary, Institute of Ismaili Studies (London) Aga Khan; Fatimids; Nizaris; Qarmatians Hans Daiber, Frankfurt University (Germany) philosopher-king Stephen F. Dale, Ohio State University Babur, Zahir al-Din Linda Darling, University of Arizona Ottomans Lara Deeb, Scripps College Amal; Hizbullah John Donohue, Saint Joseph University (Lebanon) Beirut; Jordan Phil Dorroll, Emory University holy places Racha El Omari, University of California, Santa Barbara theology Sarah Eltantawi, Harvard University Nigeria Yanis Eshots, University of Latvia city (philosophical); al-Farabi, Abu Nasr; Ibn Sina, Abu ‘Ali Roxanne L. Euben, Wellesley College fundamentalism Mohammad Fadel, University of Toronto arbitration; collective obligations; contracts; judicial courts Khaled Fahmy, New York University Muhammad ‘Ali Schirin H. Fathi, University of Hamburg (Germany) Shari‘ati, ‘Ali Maribel Fierro, Center of Human and Social Sciences of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid Almohads; Almoravids; heresy and innovation; Ibn Tumart; Spain and Portugal (Andalus) Melissa Finn, York University (Canada) asylum; revolutions Cornell H. Fleischer, University of Chicago Süleiman the Magnificent (coauthor) Finbarr Barry Flood, New York University Ghurids Kathleen Foody, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill utopia xxx
Bernard K. Freamon, Seton Hall University slavery Yohanan Friedmann, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Ahmadis; Ahmad Sirhindi; minorities Patrick D. Gaffney, University of Notre Dame al-Gama‘a al-Islamiyya; mosque; preaching; pulpit Moshe Gammer, Tel Aviv University Shamil Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Westernization Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Reed College North America Dru C. Gladney, Pomona College China Robert Gleave, University of Exeter (England) Friday prayer; Shi‘ism Andreas Görke, University of Basel (Switzerland) taxation Frank Griffel, Yale University apostasy; excommunication; natural law Sebastian Günther, University of Toronto education Li Guo, University of Notre Dame Mamluks Joseph Hammond, Independent scholar anarchism; ethnicity Andras Hamori, Princeton University Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ Dyala Hamzah, Zentrum Moderner Orient (Germany) Rida, Muhammad Rashid M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Princeton University Abdülhamid II; Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal; Tanizmat; Turkey; Young Turks Nicholas G. Harris, University of Pennsylvania censorship; punishment; treason Jan-Peter Hartung, University of London—School of Oriental and African Studies India Nader Hashemi, University of Denver sovereignty Sohail H. Hashmi, Mount Holyoke College abodes of Islam, war, and truce; diplomacy; rebellion Jane Hathaway, Ohio State University household Bernard Haykel, New York University Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad; Salafis; Saudi Arabia; al- Shawkani, Muhammad b. ‘Ali; Yemen Paul L. Heck, Georgetown University Abu Yusuf; advice; Bin Laden, Osama; bureaucracy; knowledge; Mulla ‘Umar Robert W. Hefner, Boston University Indonesia; Malaysia
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Contributors
Thomas Hegghammer, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Norway) and New York University Center on Law and Security suicide; terrorism Jocelyn Hendrickson, Whitman College fatwa; hijra Marcia Hermansen, Loyola University Chicago Shah Waliullah Edmund Herzig, University of Manchester (England) Safavids Carole Hillenbrand, University of Edinburgh Crusades Nathan Hofer, University of Missouri brotherhoods; shaykh, pīr David Hollenberg, James Madison University Isma‘ilis Russell Hopley, Bowdoin College leadership Steve Howard, Ohio University Taha, Mahmoud Mohamed Murad Idris, University of Pennsylvania Islamization; masses Matthew B. Ingalls, University of Puget Sound Tablighi Jama‘at; vizier Brannon Ingram, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Zia-ul-Haq Roy Jackson, University of Gloucestershire (England) authority Sherman A. Jackson, University of Michigan al-Qarafi, Shihab al-Din Tariq Jaffer, Boston University Murji’is; al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din Johannes J. G. Jansen, Leiden University (Netherlands) Faraj, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salam Maher Jarrar, American University of Beirut Qadaris Masoud Jafari Jazi, Teacher Training University, Tehran (Iran) Jalal Al-i Ahmad Shamil Jeppie, University of Cape Town (South Africa) apartheid David L. Johnston, University of Pennsylvania Christian-Muslim relations; environment Katrin Jomaa, Indiana University city; quietism and activism Hadi Jorati, Yale University bazaar; Istanbul Wadad Kadi, University of Chicago ‘Abd al-Hamid al-Katib b. Yahya al-‘Amiri; Abu Bakr; caliph, caliphate (coauthor); al-Tawhidi, Abu Hayyan Ahmet T. Karamustafa, Washington University in Saint Louis individualism Rosemary B. Kellison, Florida State University dissent, opposition, resistance; military; republicanism
John Kelsay, Florida State University jihad Khaled M. G. Keshk, DePaul University Mu‘awiya Nancy Khalek, Brown University notables Etan Kohlberg, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Ja‘far al-Sadiq Gudrun Krämer, Free University of Berlin (Germany) al-Banna, Hasan; pluralism and tolerance Sunil Kumar, Delhi University (India) Delhi; Delhi Sultanate Mirjam Künkler, Princeton University democracy; theocracy Timur Kuran, Duke University economic theory; public opinion Charles Kurzman, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill liberalism; modernism Michael Laffan, Princeton University Southeast Asia Ella Landau-Tasseron, Hebrew University of Jerusalem alliances; Umayyads Christian Lange, Utrecht University (Netherlands) privacy Henri Lauziere, Northwestern University secularism Todd Lawson, University of Toronto apocalypse Marnia Lazreg, The City University of New York, Hunter College torture Michael Lecker, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Constitution of Medina Amalia Levanoni, University of Haifa (Israel) Ibn Jama‘a Milka Levy-Rubin, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Treaty of ‘Umar Keith Lewinstein, Bridgewater State University heresiography; Ibadis; Kharijis Franklin Lewis, University of Chicago Shahnama Gideon Libson, Hebrew University of Jerusalem custom Charles Lindholm, Boston University honor; kinship Roman Loimeier, Humboldt University of Berlin (Germany) West Africa Matthew Long, University of Georgia Ibn Khaldun; jizya Joseph E. Lowry, University of Pennsylvania rights; al-Shafi‘i, Muhammad b. Idris Scott C. Lucas, University of Arizona Companions of the Prophet xxxi
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Contributors
Loren D. Lybarger, Ohio University Arafat, Yasir; Hamas; Palestine; Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Gregory Mack, McGill University grievance; jurisprudence Anas Malik, Xavier University libertarianism Peter Mandaville, George Mason University international relations Beatrice Forbes Manz, Tufts University Timurids Andrew F. March, Yale University constitutionalism; ethics; representation L. Marlow, Wellesley College Mirrors for Princes Andrew Marsham, University of Edinburgh oath of allegiance Nabil Matar, University of Minnesota Ibn Tufayl Rudi Matthee, University of Delaware ‘Abbas I Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University exegesis; People of the Book David Mednicoff, University of Massachusetts, Amherst human rights Christopher Melchert, University of Oxford Ahmad b. Hanbal Charles Melville, University of Cambridge Ilkhanids Matthew Melvin-Koushki, Yale University Khunji, Fazl Allah b. Ruzbihan; Mongols; Qajars; Tamerlane Yahya M. Michot, University of Oxford Ibn Taymiyya Gail Minault, University of Texas at Austin Khilafat movement Mustansir Mir, Youngstown State University Iqbal, Muhammad Mahan Mirza, Zaytuna College Ahmad, Israr; demographics Jennifer Mitchell, Champlain Regional College and Vanier College (Canada) citizenship Yasien Mohamed, University of the Western Cape (South Africa) South Africa Ebrahim Moosa, Duke University Rahman, Fazlur; revival and reform (coauthor) Suleiman Ali Mourad, Smith College hypocrisy Rose E. Muravchick, University of Pennsylvania royal court John A. Nawas, Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) inquisition; patronage xxxii
Daniel Neep, University of Exeter (England) Arab nationalism; colonialism; coup d’état; nationalism Nassima Neggaz, Georgetown University Dan Fodio, Usman; Muslim League; Mu‘tazilis; Nasser, Gamal Abdel; al-Qaeda; Saladin Martin Nguyen, Fairfield University piety and asceticism Erik S. Ohlander, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne al-Suhrawardi, Abu Hafs ‘Umar Jacob Olidort, Princeton University political ritual Felicitas Opwis, Georgetown University public interest Eva Orthmann, University of Bonn (Germany) astrology Carl F. Petry, Northwestern University Cairo Matthew Pierce, Fulbright Scholar Program judge Andrew Polk, Florida State University Mohammed, W. D. Yasir Qadhi, Yale University Karramis; al-Qaradawi, Yusuf Junaid Quadri, McGill University endowment Tahera Qutbuddin, University of Chicago Husayn b. ‘Ali Intisar A. Rabb, New York University governance; police Bernde Radtke, Utrecht University (Netherlands) Sufism Shadaab Rahemtulla, Oxford University justice; solidarity; tyranny Sayeed S. Rahman, Bryn Mawr College mawlid Ali-Ahmad Rasekh, Concordia University (Canada) ‘Ashura’ Dietrich Reetz, Zentrum Moderner Orient (Germany) Barelwis; Deobandis Sajjad H. Rizvi, University of Exeter (England) Dawani, Jalal al-Din; Mir Damad; al-Tusi, Nasir al-Din Chase W. Robinson, Royal Holloway, University of London civil war Jared Rubin, Chapman University trade and commerce Marina Rustow, Emory University intercession; loyalty Bruce K. Rutherford, Colgate University elections Kaya Şahin, Tulane University Süleiman the Magnificent (coauthor) Mashal Saif, Duke University Abbasids
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Contributors
Noah Salomon, Carleton College Sudan Armando Salvatore, University of Naples-L’Orientale (Italy) civil society; globalization; modernity; public sphere Sarah Bowen Savant, Aga Khan University-Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations (England) genealogy; Shu‘ubis S. Abdallah Schleifer, American University in Cairo media Warren C. Schultz, DePaul University coinage Reinhard Schulze, University of Bern (Switzerland) international Islamic organizations; Pan-Islamism Rachel M. Scott, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University equality Kim Searcy, Loyola University Chicago Mahdi of the Sudan Mark Sedgwick, Aarhus University (Denmark) ‘Abduh, Muhammad Rüdiger Seesemann, University of Bayreuth (Germany) al-Turabi, Hasan Aram A. Shahin, James Madison University caliph, caliphate (coauthor) Emad El-Din Shahin, University of Notre Dame Egypt (coauthor); government Zaid Shakir, Zaytuna College Malcolm X Maya Shatzmiller, University of Western Ontario (Canada) division of labor William E. Shepard, University of Canterbury (New Zealand) ideology; jāhilyya; Sayyid Qutb Fiazuddin Shu‘ayb, University of California, Los Angeles succession Thomas Sizgorich, University of California, Irvine violence Denise Spellberg, University of Texas at Austin ‘A’isha Ronald Bruce St John, Independent scholar Qaddafi, Mu‘ammar Amina Steinfels, Mount Holyoke College Aurangzeb Devin J. Stewart, Emory University abdication; blasphemy; consensus; dissimulation; Fadlallah, Muhammad Husayn; faith; family; God; ijtihād and taqlīd; Nizamiyya; shari‘a; shaykh al-Islam Frank H. Stewart, Hebrew University of Jerusalem tribalism W. Craig Streetman, University of Kentucky Ibn Bajja Mairaj Syed, Princeton University difference of opinion; Sunnism Ian Talbot, University of Southampton (England) Jinnah, Mohammad ‘Ali; Pakistan
Daniella Talmon-Heller, Ben-Gurion University (Israel) Ayyubids Georges Tamer, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany) Ibn Rushd SherAli Tareen, Franklin and Marshall College charity; revival and reform (coauthor) Amin Tarzi, Marine Corps University Taliban Sultan Tepe, University of Illinois at Chicago nation-state Baki Tezcan, University of California, Davis Kadızadeli; racism Shawkat M. Toorawa, Cornell University friendship; pilgrimage; Pillars of Islam D. G. Tor, University of Notre Dame ghāzī; Ghaznavids; Samanids; Seljuqs; shāhānshāh; sultan Alexander Treiger, Dalhousie University Ghazali Charles Tripp, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London capitalism Nurit Tsafrir, Tel Aviv University (Israel) Abu Hanifa Mete Tuncay, Istanbul Belgi University (Turkey) Nazim Hikmet Paul E. Walker, University of Chicago Hakim bi-Amr Allah Keith David Watenpaugh, University of California, Davis ‘Aflaq, Michel; Ba‘th Party Neguin Yavari, Columbia University Khomeini, Ayatollah; Nizam al-Mulk Isra Yazicioglu, Saint Joseph’s University Sa‘id Nursi Hayrettin Yücesoy, Saint Louis University imamate Mohsen Zakeri, Frankfurt University (Germany) chivalry Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Princeton University ‘ulama’ Taymiya R. Zaman, University of San Francisco Akbar the Great; Mughals Syed Rizwan Zamir, University of Virginia guilds Malika Zeghal, University of Chicago ‘Abd al-Rahman, ‘Umar; Azhar University; Muslim Brotherhood Homayra Ziad, Trinity College (Connecticut) liberation theology Hossein Ziai, University of California, Los Angeles Mulla Sadra Barbara Zollner, Birkbeck, University of London Islamic Jihad Aron Zysow, Princeton University Zaydis xxxiii