Cranial trepanation in The Egyptian - ScienceDirect [PDF]

This translation was used in all subsequent editions of the book released by Plaza y Janés (1963, 1966, 1971, 1981, 199

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Neurología (English Edition) Volume 29, Issue 7, September 2014, Pages 433-440

Review article

Cranial trepanation in The Egyptian La trepanación craneal en Sinuhé, el Egipcio S. Collado-Vázquez a

, J.M. Carrillo b

Show more https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.05.008

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Abstract Introduction Medicine and literature have been linked from ancient times; proof of this shown by the many doctors who have made contributions to literature and the many writers who have described medical activities and illnesses in their works. An example is The Egyptian, the book by Mika Waltari that provides a masterly narration of the protagonist's medical activity and describes the trepanation technique. Development The present work begins with the analysis of trepanations since prehistory and illustrates the practice of the trepanation in The Egyptian. The book mentions trepanation frequently and illustrates how to practice it and which instruments are required to perform it. Trepanation is one of the oldest surgical interventions carried out as treatment for cranial trauma and neurological diseases, but it also had the magical and religious purpose of expelling the evil spirits which caused the mental illness, epilepsy, or migraine symptoms. Conclusions Trepanation is a surgical practice that has been carried out since prehistory to treat post-traumatic epilepsy, migraine, and psychiatric illness. The Egyptian is a book that illustrates the trepan, the trepanation technique, and the required set of instruments in full detail.

Resumen Introducción La Medicina y la Literatura han estado unidas desde antiguo, prueba de ello es que muchos médicos se han dedicado a la Literatura y muchos escritores han plasmado en sus obras la actividad médica y la enfermedad. Un ejemplo es la obra Sinuhé, el egipcio de Mika Waltari, que narra magistralmente la actividad médica del protagonista y describe la técnica de trepanación. Desarrollo El presente trabajo comienza con el análisis de las trepanaciones desde la Prehistoria y se ilustra la práctica de la trepanación en Sinuhé, el egipcio. En esta obra se hace referencia en múltiples ocasiones a la trepanación y se detalla la forma de practicarla y el instrumental necesario. La trepanación es una de las intervenciones quirúrgicas más antiguas llevada a cabo con fines terapéuticos en traumatismos craneales y patologías neurológicas, pero también con una finalidad mágico-religiosa, para expulsar los espíritus malignos causantes de enfermedades mentales o de los síntomas de epilepsias y migrañas. Conclusiones La trepanación es una práctica quirúrgica realizada desde la Prehistoria en traumatismos craneales, epilepsias, cefaleas y enfermedades psiquiátricas. En la novela Sinuhé, el egipcio se describe con detalle la figura del trepanador, la técnica de trepanación y el instrumental necesario.

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Keywords Ancient Egypt; Surgery; History of neurology; Medicine and literature; Egyptian medicine; Trepanation

Palabras clave Antiguo Egipto; Cirugía; Historia de la neurología; Medicina y literatura; Medicina egipcia; Trepanación

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Please cite this article as: Collado-Vázquez S, Carrillo JM. La trepanación craneal en Sinuhé, el Egipcio. Neurología. 2014;29:433–440.

Copyright © 2010 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

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