Idea Transcript
ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)
IJECT Vol. 3, Issue 4, Oct - Dec 2012
Design and Implementation of Online Parking System Using Peripheral Interface Controller 1
M. L. V. Krishna, 2K. Rajasekar, 3Dr. N. S. Murthi Sarma, 4J. Uma 1,2,3,4
BVC Engineering College, Odalarevu, Amalapuram, AP, India
Abstract As parking becomes a very essential requirement in our day to day life, we look forward to planning and acquiring a secured parking spot before heading out towards our destination in order to reduce the hassle of driving around looking for a parking spot during park hours. The present existing system consists of parking space monitoring nodes, routing nodes, sink node, parking guidance display and an information and management center. The nodes transmit the information through wireless sensor network by tree-like topological structure with non-standard protocol. After analyzing and processing the data, the information and management center would distribute the information by LED screen and displays for the drivers. Existing systems don’t have online reservation mechanism concept. This paper proposes the concept of online reservations in parking lots which gives customers the privilege of reserving parking spots before their arrival at the lot just like reserving a table at a restaurant or booking a hotel room. The system consists of monitoring node, routing node, ZCU, CCU and advanced features like remote parking monitoring, automated guidance, and online parking reservation mechanism. Keywords Wireless Sensor Network, Online Reservation, Monitoring Node, Routing Node, ZCU, CCU, Automated Guidance I. Introduction Indian automobile industry is the 9th largest in the world with an annual production of over 2.3 million units in 2008. In February 2009, monthly sales of passenger cars in India exceeded 100,000 units. The Indian automobile will be the world’s third largest automobile market by 2030.The rapid additions of new vehicles on the road every year, is also increasing the problem of the traffic congestion, and its consequent problems in Parking. To accommodate the stopped traffic, large parking areas are getting developed in large cities. The lack of enough ground parking spaces in Indian cities causes the parking areas to be developed in the dedicated buildings. In multi storey parking, the driver needs to know the availability of the parking in floor and has to be guided to the particular parking space (lot). Some people like to reserve the parking lot before starting the journey. They feel comfortable in knowing their parking place before reaching to the parking area. The option of smart payment systems like credit/debit cards also helps instead of paying cash. In order to address these problems, research and development is being done to implement Online parking guidance systems, which would not only be able to provide information about vacant car parks to the drivers, before they physically reach the car park but will also enable them to reserve for the car parking lot while at home through Internet. Online parking guidance management systems operate by monitoring the availability of car parking spaces and making that information available to customers and facility administrators. Customers use it for guiding them in their choice of parking space; administrators use it to aid in overall management and planning. Sensor networks are a natural candidate for car park management systems, because they allow status to be monitored very accurately
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- for each parking space, if desired. Wireless sensor networks have the advantage that they can be deployed in existing car-parks without having to install new cabling for network and electricity to reach each sensing device. The block diagram of the proposed online parking system is shown in the fig. 1. PARKING LOT
PARKING LOT
ZCU
LOGIC LEVEL CONTROLLER
ZIGBEE Wire less data transmission
LCD PARKING LOT
ZIGBEE
CCU (CPU& KEY BOARD)
DISPLAY
INTERNET
Fig. 1: Block Diagram II. Related Work In this section, we briefly inspection the existing systems for parking guidance and information system and , based on their main contributions, try to classify them into three types image processing oriented, ultrasonic oriented, infrared oriented. A parking guidance and information system includes a sensor node is deployed in each parking lot to detect its occupied status. Guiding nodes control the display on the turnoffs of the road to guide the drivers finding an idle parking space. Gateway takes charge of collecting data from the sensor network and transmitting the data to a management station, which is set in the monitoring room of the park. All of these nodes communicate through wireless channel, and self organize into an ad hoc network. According to the topological structure of the parking lot and the occupied status of each parking space, the level wise gateways compute the guiding information and transmit it to proper guiding nodes and to the management station. Some of the authors employed reserving a parking lot before physically arriving by sending SMS [4]. In this paper we proposed web based parking lot reservation. III. System Architecture
Fig. 2: System Overview w w w. i j e c t. o r g
IJECT Vol. 3, Issue 4, Oct - Dec 2012
ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)
To develop the online parking guidance system architecture several pieces of equipment are required: infrared sensors, LED indicators, indoor display boards, outdoor display board(s), Zone Control Unit (ZCU), Central Control Unit (CCU), network switch and management software
even when the power is switched off. Easy Programming and Erasing are other features of PIC 16F877.
A. Functional Description The IR TX and IR RX modules are placed in the parking slot to detect whether the car is placed or not. When the car is placed in between the IR TX and RX then the output of the IR module is connected to microcontroller (PIC16F877A).The microcontroller is also connected with a zigbee transceiver, which transmits the data to the other zigbee transceiver which is connected to the server. In the server a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is created with (asp. net), the parking vacant situation is updated in the GUI through zigbee transceiver with serial communication. The user can take the parking slot through online. The main advantage of this system is that the customer can book the parking slot through online as if like booking online tickets, so that there will be no tension for customer for only the parking headache in big cities. B. Hardware Description 1. IR Module In this proposed system we were used IR module as sensing node because of its simplicity, low cost, rugged operation. Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to each other. The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR receiver is connected with comparator. The comparator is constructed with LM 358 operational amplifier. In the comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to inverting input terminal. The non inverting input terminal is connected IR receiver. When interrupt the IR rays between the IR transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver is not conducting. So the comparator non inverting input terminal voltage is higher than inverting input. Now the comparator output is in the range of +5V. This voltage is given to microcontroller or PC and LED so, LED will glow. When IR transmitter passes the rays to receiver, the IR receiver is conducting due to that non inverting input voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the comparator output is GND so the output is given to microcontroller. 2. PIC The ZCU that has been used for this project is from PIC series. PIC microcontroller is the first RISC based microcontroller fabricated in CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) that uses separate bus for instruction and data allowing simultaneous access of program and data memory. The main advantage of CMOS and RISC combination is low power consumption resulting in a very small chip size with a small pin count. The main advantage of CMOS is that it has immunity to noise than other fabrication techniques. Various microcontrollers offer different kinds of memories. EEPROM, EPROM, FLASH etc. are some of the memories of which FLASH is the most recently developed. Technology that is used in PIC16F877 is flash technology, so that data is retained w w w. i j e c t. o r g
Fig. 3: Vehicle Detection Flow Chart The flow diagram of vehicle detection module is shown in the figure. The parking lot is provided with infrared sensors and is allowed to sense the parking area continuously 24x7. If it detects any vehicle in the parking lot, it will indicate the presence of vehicle to the microcontroller to which it is interfaced. The microcontroller will in turn send the status information to the Zigbee node which is also interfaced with the microcontroller. The Zigbee node in turn transmits the status information to the end Zigbee node which is interfaced with a coordinator system at the entrance of the parking bay. Then the parking lot status is updated in the database system. Continuous update will take place as the system works continuously for 24x7. A display device is provided at the entrance of the parking bay which helps the users to identify whether the parking lot is available or not. This scenario suits well for single level parking system. For multilevel parking system multiple Zigbee nodes will be used one for each level and a network is formed between the Zigbee nodes. In this proposed system, PIC 16F877A series controller and Digi International’s Zigbee nodes are used.
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3. ZIGBEE Zigbee is a low power radio frequency node which operates on a license free frequency band. Digi International’s Zigbee node is used in this system. It operates on 2.4 GHz frequency band [4]. Here Zigbee nodes are used to transmit the lot status to the coordinator system. 4. LCD LCD is a display device interfaced with the microcontroller which is placed at the parking level. The LCD is used to display status of the parking lots. C. Software Description The web based application is developed by using ASP.NET. ASP. NET is a Web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic Web sites, Web applications and Web services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and is the successor to Microsoft’s Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP. NET components to process SOAP messages. IV. Results & Discussions In this proto type we developed online parking guidance system with three parking lots and also facilitates web based online reservation system. The experiment results will satisfy the requirements of the customer. the fig. 4 shows that our proto type system with 3 parking slots is connected with CCU. Initially all parking slots are empty the same information displayed at CCU display and LCD display in the figs. 5,6 respectively. Later figure depicts that an object is placed between the IR transmitter and receiver. In our proto type system we are restricted to an object in the place of vehicle. The sensed data was updated at both displays. In the next figure we are trying to reserve a parkilng2 slot remotely by using internet by opening the website just clicking the book button on web entry form. The fig. 11 shows that the parking2 slot is empty but the display at management system and entrance display shows it is already booked. The following figs. 12 , 13, 14 shows the circuitry of how IR transmitter/receiver are connected to ZCU, the logic level converter, zigbee transmitter and receiver and power supply for entire circuit.
Fig. 5: Display at CCU
Fig. 6: Display at Entrance
Fig. 7: ZCU Display when IR Detector3 Detects an Object
Fig. 4: Proto Type Online Parking System Connected to CCU
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Fig. 8: Updating Information at CCU w w w. i j e c t. o r g
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Fig. 9: Remote User Books Parking2 Slot at Web Entry
Fig. 13 : ZCU Circuit Diagram
Fig. 10: Updating the Parking2 Slot at CCU
Fig. 14: Logic Level Controller Circuit
Fig 11: Display at Entrance as “Parking2 Already Booked” Even Though it is Empty
Fig. 12: Zigbee PCB Layout w w w. i j e c t. o r g
V. Future Scope & Conclusion Future research might examine optimization of multiple logins, e-payments, improper parking, sensor usage, cost effectiveness, and smart payment as well. The main contribution of this study is to introduce the most significant parking problem — i.e., finding an empty space and reserve in advance and propose a solution. We implemented a full fledged prototype model as a proof of concept to realize and understand the real time scenarios in parking guidance systems. Through our prototype system we demonstrated that the proposed system can effectively satisfy the requirements of a car owners as well as parking system management. References [1] M.Y.L.Idris, Y.Y.Leng, E.M. Tamil, N.M Noor, Z.Razak,“Car Park System: A Review Of Smart Parking System And Its Technology”, Information Technology Journal 8 (2), pp. 101113, 2009. [2] M.Y.L.Idris, E.M. Tamil, N.M Noor, Z.Razak, K.W.Fong, “Parking Guidance System Utilizing Wireless Sensor Network and Ultrasonic Sensor”, Information Technology Journal 8 (2): 138-146, 2009. [3] Mingkai Chen, Tianhai Chang,“A Paking Guidance and Information System Based on Wireless Sensor Network”, Proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation Shenzhen, China June 2011. International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology 217
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[4] Aswin Sayeeraman, P.S.Ramesh,"ZIGBEE And GSM Based Secure Vehicle Parking Management And Reservation System”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 199-203, 2012. [5] S.V.Srikanth, Pramod P.J, Dileep K.P,Tapas S,Mahesh U.Patil, Sarat Chandra Babu N,“Design And Implementation of A Prototype Smart Parking (SPARK) System Using Wireless Sensor Networks”, 2009 International Conference On Advanced Information Networking And Applications Workshops. [6] Vivekanand P. Thakare, N.A.Chavan,“Performance Evalution Of Parking Guidance And Management System Using Wireless Sensor Network” , International Jounal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 96-102, June 2012. [7] Hongwei Wang, Wenbo He,“A reservation-based smart parking system” the first international workshop on cyberphysical networking systems, pp. 701-706, 2011. [8] P. Vijay Kumar, Siddarth T.S,“A Prototype Parking System Using Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal Of Computer Communication And Information System (IJCCIS) Vol. 2, No. 1, July-Dec 2010. [9] Xiaolong Li, Uma Kanth Ranga,“design and implementation of a digital parking lot management system”, the technology interface journal/fall, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009. [10] Bi yan-Zhong, Sun Li-Min, Zhu Hong-Song, Yan TingXin, Luo Zheng-Jun,“a parking management sysem based on wireless sensor network”, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 968-978, 2006. [11] Edwin Prem Kumar Gilbert, Baskaran Kaliperumal, Elijah Blessing Rajsingh,“research issues in wireless sensor network applications: a survey”, international journal of information and electronics engineering, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 702-706, September 2012. [12] His-Chuan Huang, Feng-Che Tsai, Tsuo-Fei Mao,"The intelligent embedded control warning system for car reversing”, 2011 third International Confernece on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automaiton. [13] Lovine, 2000,“PIC Microcontroller Project Book”, McGrawHili, USA. [14] [Online] Available: http://www.hobbyprojects.com/pic tutorials/ introduction topic.html accessed on 23 rd Sep, 2009. [15] Microchip web page, [Online] Available: http://www. microchip. coml accessed on 25th Oct, 2009. [16] [Online] Available: http: //www.winpicprog.co.uk/pic tutorial.htm [17] Lucio Di Jasio, Tim Wilmshurst, Dogan Ibrahim, John Morton, Martin Bates, Jack Smith, D.W. Smith, Chuck Hel,"PIC Microcontrollers: Know It All”, Newnes. [18] Amin Kianpisheh, Norlia Mustaffa, Pakapan Limtrairut, Pantea Keikhosrokiani,“Smart Parking System (SPS) Architecture Using Ultra Sonic Detector”, International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 51-58, July 2012. [19] Zigbee™ ZNet 2.5/Zigbee-PRO™ ZNet 2.5 OEM RF Modules ©2008 Digi International Inc.
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M. L. V. Krishna received his B. tech degree from the department of electronics and communication engineering in Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada in 2009. He is currently pursuing the M.Tech degree at the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada. His research interests designing embedded systems for industrial applications.
K. Raja Sekhar received his B.Tech degree from the department of electronics and communication engineering in Acharya Nagarjuna University in 1999. In 2009 he received M.Tech degree from the department of electronics and communication engineering in Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada. From 2000, he is an faculty in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering of the B V C Engineering College, Odalarevu, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India. His areas of interests are embedded systems, wireless communications, home networking and sensor networking. Dr N.S.Murthy Sarma was born at K. Pedapudi East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state, India in 1962. He received his Model Diploma for Technicians (MDT), offered with collaboration of United Sates of Soviet Russia (USSR), with specialization in production of radio apparatus (RA) from Government Polytechnic of Masabtank, Hyderabad, his B.Tech from Jawharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) College of Engineering, Hyderabad in 1990, his M.E with specialization in Microwaves and Radar Engineering(MRE) from Osmania University in 1996 and his Ph.D in E.C.E from O.U, Hyderabad in 2002. As a Part of his diploma curriculum, He was at nuclear instruments division of instruments group in Electronics corporation of India limited (ECIL), Hyderabad as technician apprentice in 1984. From 1991 to 1996 he was a lecturer to U.G courses in electronics, physics in faculty of science and various subjects of electronics and communications engineering for diploma holders (FDH) program of JNTU Engineering College at Hyderabad, and from 1996 to 2001 he was with R&T Unit for navigational electronics (NERTU). During his association with NERTU, he aissted projects sponsored by RCA, VSSC, DLRL and DST. His research interests include electromagnetic modeling, atmospheric studies, optical fiber communication, low power VLSI, signal processing. Several international and national publications are under his credit. He continued his teaching from 2001 at Bonam Venkatachalamayya Engineering college(BVCEC), odalarevu near Amalapuram of East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh, and he was Principal of SV Insititute of Technology and Engineering(SVIET) and professor w w w. i j e c t. o r g
ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)
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of electronics and communications Engineering of SV group of institutions from 2010 to 2012. Currently his is with BVCEC as a professor. He teaches undergraduate courses in Electromagnetic theory, antennas and propagation and microwave engineering, post graduate courses in communication systems and microwave radar engineering, embedded systems and ECE. Dr. N.S.Murthy sarma is life member of Institute of Science and Technology education (ISTE) since 2002 and fellow of institute of electronics and telecommunication engineers (IETE) since 2003, fellow of Institution of Engineers IE(I) and Member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) since 2010.He is one of the reviwers for two international journals viz. internation journal of computer science and Engineering systems and international journal of International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications in Engineering Technology and Sciences He is one of the recognized Ph.D Supervisors of engineering faculty, Osmania Universtity since 2005, in the area of electromagnetic modeling and atmospheric sciences. Eight research scholars are working with him under Ph.D programme of JNTUH/JNTUK/RU in the area of Optical Fiber Communications (OFC) , Low power VLSI, GPS/GLONASS, since 2008. He recently awarded a Ph.D under JNTUH in the area of GPS/GLONASS. All his research scholars succesffuly completed their credentials such as Pre-Ph.D etc and well progressing with their fields. He got more than 84 publications in international journals, conferences, technical reports and thesis monographs etc.
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