Dilution of concentrated acids - IHC World [PDF]

Question. If I want to make a 1N solution of, for example, hydrochloric acid how do I convert the liquid, concentrated H

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Histology FAQ Staining, Histochemistry and Histotechnology (Frequently Asked Questions) Dr. John A. Kiernan Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology The University of Western Ontario London, Canada

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FAQ Home > Miscellaneous Stuff Dilution of concentrated acids: formula etc. Question. If I want to make a 1N solution of, for example, hydrochloric acid how do I convert the liquid, concentrated HCl into a gram value. The bottle of concentrated HCl says it is a 35-36% solution. Answer. This applies to dilution of all concentrated acids (and also to strong ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) solutions. The percentage on the label is weight/weight, not weight/volume, so you have to take into account the density of the concentrated acid. The formula for making one litre of a particular normality, N, is: 100 X M X N V = ----------- B X P X D where V is the volume of concentrated acid needed, M is is its molecular weight, N is the desired normality, B is the basicity (1 for most common acids; 2 for sulphuric; 3 for phosphoric; 1 for ammonia), P is the percentage by weight in the concentrated acid - the figure on the label, and D is the density of the conc. acid (specific gravity) in grams per ml. No, I didn't work it out myself; it's from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. If the dilution doesn't need to be very precise, you can assume the following normalities for common concentrated acids: Hydrochloric (36%) 12N Nitric (71%) 16N Sulphuric (96%) 36N (= 18M) Acetic (99%+) 17.4N Formic (90%) 23.4N So to make approximately 0.5N hydrochloric acid, you dilute the conc. HCl 24 times. To make a litre, you'd measure 42 ml of the conc. acid (because 1000/24=41.7) and add it to about 800 ml of water. Stir, and make up to a final volume of 1000 ml. Remember to pour the acid slowly into the water, especially sulphuric acid, which generates a lot of heat when mixed with water. John A. Kiernan,

Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, LONDON, Canada N6A 5C1 (kiernan[AT]uwo.ca)



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