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E-Learning Keperawatan This Blog gives all information / News about Nurses, Nursing, Nursing science, Nursing profession, Nursing Professionalisme, Nursing Degree, Nursing Education, Nursing Arts, Nursing knowlegde, Nursing Jobs, Nursing Issues, Nursing Procedures, Nursing Care, Nursing Organization, Nurses' Websites, Nurses' Blogs, Nurses' Images, Nurses' Opinion, etc... All about Nurses and Nursing... Sunday, December 14, 2008
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Four key principles of elderly care
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Published by : Ulul Azmi iswahyudi NPM : 220111080032
What do you expect at your age ?.............................You are not getting any younger ! It's very important that older, adults, their families, friends and health care provider understand several key concepts to ensure that older receive timely and appropriate health care services and advise. 1. Sudden change comes from sudden problems An older person that suddenly becomes confused, but was alert and oriented, is having an acute problem such as an infection, medication side effect or even heart attack. These and many acute problem can be treated effectively if diagnosed properly and in timely manner. 2. Gradual decline may not be Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease symptoms develop slowly. However, there are many other problems that develop slowly and may cause gradual decline. Loneliness and social isolation can also cause gradual decline. ................ Medication use in elderly is a major drug problem in America. Many older people see several doctors, each of whom may prescribe different medications. It's not hard to see how medications may pile up and how difficult they may be to ttrack. They should make sure their doctors know about all medication they are taking, are they necessary? what side effect should I watch for? The doctor should also know about alcohol, cigarette and coffe use. 3. Ageist attitudes are harmful They are unjust generalizations and prejudicial statement that assume all order adults naturally become weak, sick and forgetful. Older people get sick from disease, not "old age". 4. A story to remember. Think about it. Don't sell older people short. There is always something that can be done to help an older person lead a happier, more functional life, even in extreme old age. By Robert S. Stall, M.D.
TINDAKAN PEMASANGAN NASOGASTRIC TUBE( NGT ) TINDAKAN PEMASANGAN NASOGASTRIC TUBE( NGT ) DIPUBLIKASIKAN OLEH: KELOMPOK I FON SUDIRYO NPM. 220111080041 TUGAS KELOMPOK VII KDM DISUSUN ... BATUK EFEKTIF DAN NAPAS DALAM Pengertian Batuk efektif : merupakan suatu metode batuk dengan benar, dimana klien dapat menghemat energi sehingga tidak mudah lelah dan da... KELEBIHAN NUTRISI DAN PENGARUHNYA KELEBIHAN NUTRISI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT 1. Pendahuluan OBESITAS dan KELEBIHAN NUTRISI Pengertian Obesitas merupakan... TEORI KEPERAWATAN VIRGINIA HANDERSON TEORI KEPERAWATAN VIRGINIA HANDERSON A. DEFINISI Keperawatan menurut Henderson adalah suatu fungsi yang unik dari Keperawatan untuk menol... Proses oksigen (O2) dari atmosfer sampai dengan masuk ke dalam sel Author : Luzni Novita NPM : 220111080046 Sel tubuh, paru-paru dan sel darah terlibat dalam pengiriman oksigen sampai dengan sel. Oksige... PRINSIP PERAWATAN ATRAUMATIK CARE Untuk mencegah terjadinya trauma pada anak dalam hospitalisasi perlu diperhatikan dampak dari tindakan yang di berikan perawat dengan meliha... ATRAUMATIK CARE PADA ANAK Masa anak - anak adalah suatu periode yang unik karena memiliki kebutuhan psikologis, pendidikan serta kondisi fisik yang khas dan jelas be...
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TEORI LEININGER Author : Luzni Novita Lestari NPM : 22011180046 DASAR - DASAR KONSEP TEORI LEININGER Tahun 1940an : caring penting dalam keperawatan dan...
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Florence Nightingales’s Environmental Theory
by Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Florence Nightingales’s Environmental Theory Defined Nursing: “The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.” Focuses on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the best possible conditions for nature to act. Identified 5 environmental factors: fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness/sanitation and light/direct sunlight. Considered a clean, well-ventilated, quiet environment essential for recovery. Deficiencies in these 5 factors produce illness or lack of health, but with a nurturing environment, the body could repair itself.
Virginia Henderson’s Definition of the Unique Function of Nursing
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Virginia Henderson’s Definition of the Unique Function of Nursing Defined Nursing: “Assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or it’s recovery (or to peaceful death) that an individual would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge”. Identified 14 basic needs : 1.
Breathing normally
2.
Eating and drinking adequately
3.
Eliminating body wastes
4.
Moving and maintaining desirable position
5.
Sleeping and resting
6.
Selecting suitable clothes
7.
Maintaining body temperature within normal range
8.
Keeping the body clean and wellgroomed
9.
Avoiding dangers in the environment
10.
Communicating with others
11.
Worshipping according to one’s faith
12.
Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment
13.
Playing/participating in various forms of recreation
14.
Learning, discovering or satisfying the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and using available health facilities.
Calixta Roy’s Adaptation Theory
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Calixta Roy’s Adaptation Theory Viewed humans as Biopsychosocial beings constantly interacting with a changing environment and who cope with their environment through Biopsychosocial adaptation mechanisms. Focuses on the ability of Individuals., families, groups, communities, or societies to adapt to change. The degree of internal or external environmental change and the person’s ability to cope with that change is likely to determine the person’s health status. Nursing interventions are aimed at promoting physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning or adaptation.
Jean Watson’s The Philosophy and Science of Caring
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Jean Watson’s The Philosophy and Science of Caring Nursing is concerned with promotion health, preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health. Nursing is a human science of persons and human healthillness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human care transactions She defined caring as a nurturant way or responding to a valued client towards whom the nurse feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility. It is only demonstrated interpersonally that results in the satisfaction of certain human needs. Caring accepts the person as what he/she may become in a caring environment Carative Factors: 1.
1. The promotion of a humanisticaltruistic system of values 2. Instillation of faith-hope 3. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and others 4. The development and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings. 5. The systemic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making 6. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning 7. The provision for supportive, protective and corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment 8. Assistance with the gratification of human needs 9. The allowance for existential phenomenological forces
Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory
By Sudiryo, NPM 220111080041 Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory Defined Nursing: “The act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain/improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness.” Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being. Has a strong health promotion and maintenance focus. Identified 3 related concepts: 1.
Self-care - activities an Individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being.
2.
Self-care deficit - results when self-care agency (Individual’s ability) is not adequate to meet the known self-care needs.
3.
Nursing System - nursing interventions needed when Individual is unable to perform the necessary self-care activities:
Wholly compensatory - nurse provides entire self-care for the client. Example: care of a new born, care of client recovering from surgery in a postanesthesia care unit 2. Partial compensatory - nurse and client perform care, client can perform selected self-care activities, but also accepts care done by the nurse for needs the client cannot meet independently. Example: Nurse can assist post operative client to ambulate, Nurse can bring a meal tray for client who can feed himself 3. Supportive-educative - nurse’s actions are to help the client develop/learn their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support and encouragement. Example: Nurse guides a mother how to breastfeed her baby, Counseling a psychiatric client on more adaptive coping strategies. 1.
Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Care Theory and Ethno-nursing
Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Care Theory and Ethnonursing Nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well being (or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or death. Transcultural nursing as a learned subfield or branch of nursing which focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs and values with the goal to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people according to their cultural values and health-illness context. Focuses on the fact that different cultures have different caring behaviors and different health and illness values, beliefs, and patterns of behaviors. Awareness of the differences allows the nurse to design culture-specific nursing interventions.
Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory
Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory Defined Nursing: “An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an Individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help. Nursing is a “maturing force and an educative instrument” Identified 4 phases of the Nurse - Patient relationship: 1.
Orientation - individual/family has a “felt need” and seeks professional assistance from a nurse (who is a stranger). This is the problem identification phase.
2.
Identification - where the patient begins to have feelings of belongingness and a capacity for dealing with the problem, creating an optimistic attitude from which inner strength ensues. Here happens the selection of appropriate professional assistance.
3.
Exploitation - the nurse uses communication tools to offer services to the patient, who is expected to take advantage of all services.
4.
Resolution - where patient’s needs have already been met by the collaborative efforts between the patient and the nurse. Therapeutic relationship is terminated and the links are dissolved, as patient drifts away from identifying with the nurse as the helping person.
Dorothy Johnson’s Key Concepts of Behavioral System
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Dorothy Johnson’s Key Concepts of Behavioral System Each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral system specific to that individual.
Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory Nursing is a process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby nurse and client share information about their perception in the nursing situation
Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Concept of Twenty One Nursing Problems
by Sudiryo, NPM : 220111080041 Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Concept of Twenty One Nursing Problems Nursing is broadly grouped into 21 problem areas to guide care and promote the use of nursing judgement. Nursing is a comprehensive service that is based on the art and science and aims to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs. 21 Nursing Problems
1. To maintain good hygiene. 2. To promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep. 3. To promote safety. 4. To maintain good body mechanics 5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen 6. To facilitate maintenance of nutrition 7. To facilitate maintenance of elimination 8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance 9. To recognize the physiologic response of the body to disease conditions 10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions 11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions 12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions 13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and illness. 14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication 15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationship 16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals 17. To create and maintain a therapeutic environment 18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs. 19. To accept the optimum possible goals 20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness. 21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
By Sudiryo NPM. 220111080041 Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
Nursing is a scientific discipline, the practice of which is a performing art Three assumption about Human Becoming 1. H u m a n b e c o m in g is fr e el y c h o o si n g p e r s o n al m e a ni n g in si t u a ti o n in t h e in t e r s u bj e c ti v e p r o c e s s o f r el a ti n g v al u e p ri o ri ti e s
Lydia Hall’s Key Concepts of Three Interlocking Circles Theory
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Lydia Hall’s Key Concepts of Three Interlocking Circles Theory
Nursing is participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is the sole function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are shared with other members of the health team. The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of the core.
2. H u m a n b e c o m in g is c o c r e a ti n g r h y t h m ic p a tt e r n s o r r el a ti n g in m u t u al p r o c e s s in t h e u ni v e r s e 3. H u m a n b e c o m in g is c o tr a n s c e n di n g m ul ti di m e n si o n al ly w it h e m e r gi n g p o s si bi lit ie s .
Martha Roger’s Concept of Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Principles of Homeodynamics
By Sudiryo NPM 220111080041 Martha Roger’s Concept of Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Principles of Homeodynamics Nursing is an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian. It is directed toward the unitary human and is concerned with the nature and direction of human development. The goal of nurses is to participate in the process of change.. Nursing interventions seek to promote harmonious interaction between persons and their environment, strengthen the wholeness of the Individual and redirect human and environmental patterns or organization to achieve maximum health. 5 basic assumptions: 1.
1. The human being is a unified whole, possessing individual integrity and manifesting characteristics that are more than and different from the sum of parts. 2. The individual and the environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with each other 3. The life processes of human beings evolve irreversibly and unidirectionally along a spacetime continuum 4. Patterns identify human being and reflect their innovative wholeness 5. The individual is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation and emotion
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