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ENERGY AUDITING AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (10EE842): UNIT 1 (VTU) 2,572 views Share Like Download ... Syllabus- unit 1 Introduction: Energy situation – world and India, energy consumption, conservation, Codes, standards and ...

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ENERGY AUDITING AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (10EE842): UNIT 1 (VTU) 1. 1. EA&DM:10EE842- Elective II [PART-A] Unit 1 INTRODUCTION Prepared by Mr. Vineeth Nambiar Assistant professor Dept of EEE SDMIT, Ujire , D.K, Karnataka 1Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 2. 2. Syllabus- unit 1 Introduction: Energy situation – world and India, energy consumption, conservation, Codes, standards and Legislation. 6 Hours 2Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 3. 3. Overview –Unit 1 1. Learning Objectives 2. Importance of Energy & Energy Sources 3. Classification of energy sources 4. World energy scenario 5. Indian energy scenario 6. Energy Conservation 7. Laws, Acts, Codes, Rules & Regulation related to Energy Sector 3Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 Energy Sources Classification of Energy Sources Primary and Secondary Energy Sources Commercial and Non Commercial Energy ... 4. 4. 1.Learning Objective • Understanding the importance of energy. • Classification of energy sources. • Discussion about energy scenario in India. • Discussion about energy scenario in World. • Energy conservation techniques used to reduced energy cost. • Description on Electrical Distribution Code with respect to supply system 4Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 5. 5. • Study on Standard with respect of Electrical Supply System. • Objectives of Energy Conservation Act 2001. • Understanding the issues addressed by Energy Conservation Act 2001. • Features of Indian Electricity Act 2003. • Features of Indian Electricity Rule 1956. Learning Objective continued….. 5Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 6. 6. 2.Importance of Energy • “Energy is fundamental to daily life. Whether it is providing light for our class room, refrigeration for our food & medicine, pumps to irrigate our crops, or electricity to run our commercial and industrial enterprises, energy provides the means of economic growth and social and political development”- USAID USAID- United State Agency for International Development • Energy is the major inputs of economic development of any country 6Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 7. 7. Energy Sources • Coal • Lignite • Petrol • Diesel • Furnace oil • Kerosene • LPG • Natural Gas • LNG • Electricity- Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear, Wind, Solar, Biomass etc 7Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 8. 8. Energy Sources Classification of Energy Sources Primary and Secondary Energy Sources Commercial and Non Commercial Energy Sources Renewable and Non- Renewable Energy Sources 8Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 9. 9. (1) Primary & Secondary Energy sources • Fossil fuels, Radioactive substances, Earth interior, Earth gravity are the examples of primary energy sources. • Common primary energy sources are fossil fuels. • Coal, Lignite, oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel biomass etc are the derivatives of fossil fuels. • Nuclear energy is obtained from radio active substances • Thermal energy stored in earth interior • Potential energy due to earth gravity Classification of Energy Sources contd… 9Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 10. 10. • The primary energy sources are mostly converted in industrial utilities into secondary energy sources. Eg. Coal or Gas • Steam, Electricity etc are the examples of Secondary Energy Sources. Classification of Energy Sources contd… Steam and Electricity 10Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 11. 11. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 11 Classification of Energy Sources 12. 12. (2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy sources Commercial Energy Sources • Electricity, Coal, lignite, refined petroleum products & natural gas are the important commercial energy sources. • These energy sources using for industrial, agricultural, transport & commercial development in the modern world. Classification of Energy Sources contd… 12Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 13. 13. (2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy sources Non-Commercial Energy Sources • Traditional fuels like firewood, cattle dung, agro wastes are grouped into non commercial energy sources • Solar energy, Wind energy & animal power also categorized into non commercial energy sources • Solar energy- water heating, Electricity generation, (1) Primary & Secondary Energy sources • Fossil fuels, Radioactive substances, Earth interior, Earth gravity are the examp... Drying grain, fish & fruits. • Wind energy-Electricity generation & water lifting • Animal power-water irrigation, transportation & crushing sugar cane Classification of Energy Sources contd… 13Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 14. 14. (3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy sources Renewable energy sources • The renewable energy is obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible. Eg. Solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, hydro electric power & biodiesel • Clean & pollution free • Ecofriendly Classification of Energy Sources contd… 14Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 15. 15. (3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy sources Non-Renewable energy sources • Coal, natural gas, oil, Nuclear energy are collectively grouped into non renewable energy source. • Depleting with time • Pollution Classification of Energy Sources contd… 15Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 16. 16. Quick Review-Importance of energy & Energy Sources Q. Explain how energy sources are classified broadly? Give examples of each classification. 09 Marks (vtu, june/july 2011) 16Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 17. 17. World Energy Scenario • Introduction • Global primary energy consumption • Energy consumption in developing countries • World energy consumption projections • Outlook for primary energy consumption • World energy resource overview • World reserves of primary energy sources (i)coal, (ii)oil and (iii)gas. 17Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 18. 18. Introduction • Energy demand in all over the world is increasing day by day. • Major growth in energy demand is projected in developing countries & 2 billion people lack access to affordable & reliable energy. • Coal, Oil & gas are the three major primary sources of energy. • World coal reserves are likely to last over 200 years • Both oil & gas reserves likely to last 45-65 years • International Energy Outlook 2014 says that -Strong growth for world wide energy demand over the 24 years projection period from 2001-2025. World Energy Scenario 18Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 19. 19. Introduction continued.. • Coal, Oil & gas are the three major primary sources of energy. • Among three major primary sources of energy coal consumption is heavily concentrated for electricity generation. • Almost 65% of world’s coal use is for electricity generation • Coal consumption is highest in china • About 40% of the world’s population depends on firewood and charcoal as their primary energy source. World Energy Scenario 19Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 20. 20. Introduction continued.. • Rapid studies are going on for development and adoption of new sources of energy, even if petroleum remains primary source all over the world. • Commercial exploitation of oil in USA in 1859 & importance is increased • In 1920, 95 million tones of oil was produced & 4 billion ton in 2003. As of now the production increased 3000 million metric tones (MMT) World Energy Scenario 20Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 21. 21. Global primary energy consumption • The global energy consumption at the end of 2003 was equivalent to 9741 Million Tones of Oil Equivalent (MTOE) World Energy • The primary energy sources are mostly converted in industrial utilities into secondary energy sources. Eg. Coal or Gas •... Scenario 21Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 22. 22. Energy consumption in developing countries • The developed countries attributable to high energy consumption as comparing developing countries. • 80% of world population lies in developing countries. Their energy consumption amount is only 40% of the world’s total energy consumption. • Developing countries - Low per capita in the energy consumption. • The world average energy consumption per person is equivalent to 2.2 tonnes of coal. • Industrialized countries – people use 4-5 times more than world average energy consumption & 9 times more than the average of the developing countries. World Energy Scenario 22Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 23. 23. Energy consumption in developing countries • An American uses 32 times more commercial energy than Indian.!!!!!!!! World Energy Scenario 23Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 24. 24. World Energy Consumption projections • About 2 billions people lack access to affordable and reliable energy supplies in developing countries. • Women and children's are disproportionately burdened by depending on traditional fuels. • Strong energy demand growth is expected in 2001-25. • Primary energy consumption is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 2.7% between 2001-2005. • The total world consumption of marketed energy is expected to expand by 54% percentage. Ie 404 quadrillion Btu in 2001 to 623 quadrillion Btu in 2025. • Energy demand in India & China (asia) projected more than double over the next quarter century. World Energy Scenario 24Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 25. 25. Outlook of primary energy consumption • Coal usage is projected to increase 2.3 billion tonnes. • A sustainable decline in coal consumption at western & eastern Europe. But consumption of natural gas is increased for electric power generation. • In developing countries, it is projected the large usage of coal (approx.85%). • Oil is expected to remain dominant energy source throughout forecast period. (39% energy consumption) The oil consumption growth is 1.9% per year • Natural gas is projected to be fastest primary energy source world wide( 2.2% annually over 2001-25) • The nuclear power growth is expected 0.6% annually • Renewable energy consumption is expected to increase by 8% during 2011-25. World Energy Scenario 25Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 26. 26. World Energy Resources Overview • Compared to 1998 survey coal and natural gas consumption is increased somewhat and oil declined slightly. • Coal could contribute in a sustainable way to satisfy demand for energy from two billion people in the world today. World Energy Scenario 26Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 27. 27. World reserves of primary energy sources • As per the BP statistical review of world energy , June 2004 the energy reserves of 3 major primary energy sources like coal, oil & gas. (i) Coal- Global coal reserve was estimated to be 984453 million tones by end of 2003. USA-25.4% (highest share), Russia 15.9%, China 11.6% and India 8.6% (ii) Oil- Oil remains primary energy source all over the world Global oil reserve was estimated to be 1147 billion barrels by the end of 2003. Saudi has largest oil share reserves (approx. 23%) 1 barrel of oil= 160 liters World Energy Scenario 27Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 28. 28. World reserves of primary energy sources (iii) Gas- The current century is already being described as the “century of gas”. Oil reserve are falling & potential gas reserve keep 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 11 Classification of Energy Sources increasing The global proven gas reserve was estimated to be 176 trillion cubic meters by the end of 2003. The Russian federation had the largest share of gas resource (approx. 27%) World Energy Scenario 28Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 29. 29. • World oil and gas reserves are estimated at just 45 years and 65 years respectively . • Coal is likely to lost a little over 200 years. World Energy Scenario 29Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 30. 30. Conclusion • Developed countries are consuming more energy • Energy demand will continue to grow strongly • Renewable sources will dominate • Investments need to be large • Strong environmental policies will be required • Energy system complexity will increase by 2050 • Energy efficiency is crucial in dealing with demand outstripping supply. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 30 World Energy Scenario 31. 31. Quick Review-World Energy Scenario Q. Write a note on energy scenario of the world 08 Marks (vtu, june 2012) 31Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 Seminar “Renewable Energy Scenario in the world” 32. 32. • Introduction • Sector wise energy consumption • India’s primary energy sources • Final energy consumption • Demand for commercial energy for final consumption Indian Energy Scenario coal Lignite Oil Natural gas LNG Electrical Energy 32Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 33. 33. Introduction • The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 255.012 GW as of end November 2014. • As of March 2013, the per capita total electricity consumption in India was 917.2 kWh. • India became the world's third largest producer of electricity in the year 2013 with 4.8% global share in electricity generation. Indian Energy Scenario 33Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 34. 34. Introduction • India’s absolute primary energy consumption is only 1/29th of world energy consumption. • As compared to America & Japan, absolute primary energy consumption is 1/7th & 1/1.6th respectively. • After the reformation the economic condition is little bit improved. • The implementation of Sustainable development made India is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Indian Energy Scenario 34Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 35. 35. Introduction • Economic growth of country proportional to consumption of energy. • As compared to developed countries per capita energy consumption is too low in India. • Energy usage in India is expected to rise to around 450 kgoe/year by 2010 from the present over 350 kgoe/year. Note:- Kgoe- Kilogrammes of oil equivalent Indian Energy Scenario 35Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 36. 36. Introduction • In India, coal contributes 55% total primary energy consumption. • Oil production is declined from 20% to 17% • Gas production is increased from 10% (in 1994) to 13% (in 1999) • Oil production is declining because of poor availability in oil reserves.ie only 5.9 billion barrels (0.5% of global reserves) • India imports 70% of oil • India’s oil importing is increasing annually. (as of now 85% of importing & by the year of 2020, further to about 92%) Indian Energy Scenario 36Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 (2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy sources Commercial Energy Sources • Electricity, Coal, lignite, refined petroleum ... 37. 37. Indian Energy Scenario (As per 2013) 37Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 38. 38. Sector wise energy consumption • Major commercial energy consumption sectors in the country are classified into 4 major sectors. • They are agriculture, domestic, industry, transport & others. • Industry (49%), transport (22%), domestic (10%), agriculture(5%) and other remaining 14%. Indian Energy Scenario 38Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 39. 39. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 USA China RussianFederation Japan India Germany Canada France UnitedKingdom SouthKorea WorldAverage Per Capita Energy Consumption Indian Energy Scenario Low per capita energy consumption 39Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 40. 40. India’s primary energy sources (i) Coal- • More than 50% of demand • 8.6% of the world reserves • 3rd largest coal producer after china & USA • 70% heavy industry consuming coal • In 2000, coal consumption was 369 million tonnes & by the end of 2010 it was 450 million tonnes Indian Energy Scenario 40Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 41. 41. India’s primary energy sources (ii) Lignite- • Second quality of coal • 36,008 million tones are available in India • 85% available in Tamil Nadu • Neyveli region- toppest lignite deposition • Central govt. established Neyveli Lignite Corporation limited in 1956. Indian Energy Scenario 41Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 42. 42. India’s primary energy sources (iii) Oil- • India is one of the top 10 oil consuming country. • Oil satisfying 36% of total energy consumption • Oil consumption rate as follows 1950-51 : 3.50 MMT 2002-03 :112 MMT 2006-07 : 175 MMT 2008-10: 3.2 million barrels/day • Bombay high, upper Assam, Cambay & Krishna-godavari are the major location. • Oil consumption declining yearly • Currently India import crude oil from gulf nations(70%) • At the end of 2020 India import 92% of oil Indian Energy Scenario 42Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 43. 43. India’s primary energy sources (iV) Natural Gas- • Clean & environment friendly • Faster growth • 8.9% of total energy consumption 2002-03- gas production= 86.56MCMD 2006-07-gas production=103.08MCMD • The natural gas reserves in India are estimated at 600 billion cubic meters. • By 2025, 10% of electricity is generated by CCGT plant using gas or dual fuel naphtha(expensive) • Nearly 82% of annual gas production is consumed by power & fertilizer industry. Indian Energy Scenario 43Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 44. 44. India’s primary energy sources (V) LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas • Natural gas is cooled extreme low temperature to liquefy & the liquid transport in cryogenic ships to destination. • Liquid occupies less volume. • At Receiving end liquid is degasified through process heating. • First LNG terminal Dahej in Gujarath with initial capacity of 5 million metric tones per annum(MMTPA) & which amounts 20 MCM/day. • Year 2004 is a new era for India Petroleum and signed 25 years ‘take -or- pay ‘ contract from ‘Qatar’s Ras Gas’ . • The marketing of gas being down by GAIL, Indian Oil Corporation & Bharath Petrolleum. Indian Energy Scenario 44Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 (2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy sources Non-Commercial Energy Sources • Traditional fuels like firewood, cattle du... 45. 45. India’s primary energy sources (Vi) Electrical Energy • As on march 31st, 2005 all India electric power installed capacity was 118419MW (118.419GW). • The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 255.012 GW as of end November 2014. -Thermal-69%, Hydro-26%, Nuclear-2% & Wind power- 3%. • Hydro power potential is steadily decreasing. • Peak demand storage is around 14% • Deficit of energy is 8.4% Indian Energy Scenario 45Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 46. 46. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 46 Indian Energy Scenario India’s primary energy sources 47. 47. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 47 Indian Energy Scenario India’s primary energy sources • Required capacity in 2020 assuming 8% growth = 387,280 MW (387.280 GW) 48. 48. Final Energy Consumption • Final energy consumption is the actual energy demand at the consumer or user end. Indian Energy Scenario 48Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 49. 49. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 49 Indian Energy Scenario Final Energy Consumption 50. 50. Quick Review- Indian Energy Scenario 1. Describe the present energy situation in india. (vtu,dec.2011) 10 Marks 2. Write a brief note on energy scenario in india. (vtu, june/july 2011,2010) 06 Marks 50Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 Seminar (a) “Renewable Energy Scenario in India” (b) “Renewable Energy Scenario in Karnataka” (c) “ Organization for Renewable Energy Development” 51. 51. • Introduction- what is Energy Conservation? • Energy Efficiency • Three Pronged Approaches of Energy Management (i) Capacity Utilization (ii) Fine Tuning of Equipment (iii)Technology Up gradation 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 51 Energy Conservation 52. 52. What is energy conservation??????? • Energy conservation is the process of saving of energy without affecting the actual work with or without investment. • “Reduction in the amount of energy consumed in a process or system or by an organization or society through economy, elimination of waste, and rational use” • Reduces the energy cost. • It can able to save up to 30% of energy. • Reduces the energy bill. • Reduces transmission & distribution line losses. • Reduces stress on the generator & plants Energy Conservation 52Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 53. 53. What is energy conservation??????? • Conservation of energy refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption and to increase efficiency of energy use. • Energy efficient equipments uses less energy for same output & reduces the environmental pollution like CO & CO2 emission. • Eg. Replacing 15W CFL Lamp with 60W Incandescent lamp saves 45W of power & reduces the emissions of CO2 by 49g/hr. • Initial investment is required for replacement it will coming back to consumer in energy bill. • Payback period should be calculated before replacing standard equipment with energy efficient equipment. Energy Conservation 53Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 54. 54. 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 54 Energy Conservation What is energy conservation??????? 55. 55. What are the energy efficient benefits???? Energy Conservation 55Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 (3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy sources Renewable energy sources • The renewable energy is obtained from sources th... 56. 56. Difference between Energy conservation & Energy efficiency? Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Energy Efficiency •Energy Conservation is achieved When growth of energy consumption is reduced. •Energy efficiency is achieved when energy intensity in a specific product, process or area of production or consumption is reduced without affecting output, consumption, or comfort level. •Energy efficiency promotes energy conservation.56Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 57. 57. Three - pronged approaches to energy management Energy Conservation 57Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 58. 58. • A study about 400 companies revealed that excellent energy efficient companies achieved lower specific energy consumption. • These companies adopt pronged (pointed) approach to energy management. • Pronged approach is developed by data collected through questionnaires from industries, diagnostic survey visits & through interaction with plant personals. Energy Conservation 58Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 59. 59. Explanation for 3 pronged approach to energy management (1) Capacity Utilization • Important for achieving energy efficiency • First and foremost step for achieving energy efficiency • Bring down the fixed energy consumption. • 80% of energy efficient companies obeying capacity utilization • Can reduce specific energy consumption • Capacity utilization is under the control of plant personnel. Energy Conservation 59Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 60. 60. Explanation for 3 pronged approach to energy management (ii) Fine turning of equipment • The fine turning of equipment should be taken by energy efficient plant. • Fine turning leads 3-10% of energy saving. • Only a few marginal investment is required for fine turning of equipment. Energy Conservation 60Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 61. 61. Explanation for 3 pronged approach to energy management (iii) Technology up gradation • Ensure high saving potential • Applicable for a company targeting above 20% saving. Energy Conservation 61Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 62. 62. 1. What is Energy Conservation? Explain. 04 Marks (vtu, june/july 2014) 2. Explain the energy conservation techniques used to reduce the energy costs. 06 Marks (vtu, january 2010) Quick revision-Energy Conservation 62Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 63. 63. • Electrical Distribution Code • Standards of Electrical Equipments • Regulations • Other Legal Provisions 1/25/2016 Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka 63 Standards & Legislations 64. 64. • There are certain rules of a particular electricity supply system, provision for metering, earthing & installation matters according with section49&79 of electricity supply act 1948. • Electricity(supply) act, 1948 Electrical Distribution Code 64Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 65. 65. Summary of electricity(supply) act, 1948 includes the following:- Administration information for grant of connections, billing, connected load, contract demand, disconnections, recovery of dues from defaulting consumer & dealing with theft of energy cases etc. The system of supply and requirements for balancing single phase load on three phase system. (3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy sources Non-Renewable energy sources • Coal, natural gas, oil, Nuclear energy are c... The limitation placed on water heaters, air conditioners, welders, electric motors, steel rolling mills, arc furnace etc… Information regarding service lines, point of attachment of supply & fuses, charges over the switch etc Provision necessary for all metering including the location accessibility and protection. Requirements for consumer installations such as compliance with wiring rules, inspection & testing of installation. Electrical Distribution Code 65Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 66. 66. Standards for Electrical Equipments • International Electrochemical Commission (IEC) - IEC:60038- International Standards for power supply- 50Hz,230V+10% or 230V- 10% - Ensure the quality of power - ISO:14001 for environmental mgmt. system for improving surrounding resources like air, water, land, natural resources fuels & humans. 66Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 67. 67. Regulations 1. Indian Electricity Act 1910 2. The Electricity (supply) Act 1948 3. The Electricity Regulatory Commission Act,1998 4. The Electricity Act, 2003 5. Energy Conservation Act 2001 6. The Indian Electricity Rules 1956 7. Indian Telegraphic Act 1885 67Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 68. 68. Regulations 1. The Indian Electricity Act, 1910 • License- Grand of license, change the license • Works-opening & breaking of streets, railways etc. • Supply-point of supply, power to control the distribution & energy consumption, disconnection of supply • Transmission and use of energy by non licensees- control of transmission & use of energy • General protective clauses- Protection of railway, canals, railway & electric signals. • Administration & Rules- advisory board & appoinment of electrical inspectors. • Criminal offenses and procedures- theft of energy penalty, penalty for unauthorized supply, improper use of energy etc • Supplementary provisions- appointment of inspection staff, delegation functions 68Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 69. 69. 2.The Electricity (Supply) Act 1948 • Regulate production & supply of electricity • ‘The central Electricity Authority’ • ‘State Electricity Board’-Regulation & Controlling transmission & generating companies • Coordination of regional electricity board • Annual report, statistics & returns • Board finance, account & audit • Penalties Regulations 69Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 70. 70. 3. The electricity regulatory commission act, 1998 • Establishment of the central Electricity regulatory commission. • Establishment of state electricity regulatory commission, central & state transmission utilities. • Framing grid & standards, regulating electricity tariff, regarding subsidies. Regulations 70Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 71. 71. 4.The Electricity Act, 2003 • National electricity policy and plan • Promoting competition, trading and development of electricity market. • Open access and parallel distribution • De-licensing, setting up and operating new generating stations, capitive generation & dedicated transmission lines. • Licensing transmission, distribution and supply companies • Duties of generating, transmission, distribution & supply companies • Direction of generating, transmission, distribution & supply companies • Compulsory consumer metering. Regulations 71Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 72. 72. 4.The Electricity Act, 2003 contd…. • Reorganization of state electricity board • Rationalizing subsidies • Constitution & functions of the central electricity authority, state Quick Review-Importance of energy & Energy Sources Q. Explain how energy sources are classified broadly? Give examples of ... regulatory commissions & appointment of advisory committees. • Works, Consumer protection & standard of performance. • Tariff regulations • Offences & penalties for theft of electricity, electric lines & materials, wasting electricity • Protection of railways, high ways, canals etc • Telegraph, telephone & electric signaling lines • Notice of accidents & inquiries • Appointment of electrical inspectors & miscellaneous provisions. Regulations 72Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 73. 73. 5. Energy Conservation Act 2001. • This act concern about any forms of energy derived from fossil fuels, nuclear substance, hydro electricity & renewable energy sources. • The establishment & incorporation of the Bureau of energy efficiency. • Transfer of assets, liabilities etc of energy management center • Power and function of the bureau • Ensure the efficient use of energy and conservation (power of central govt. & state govt.) • Finance, accounts & audit of bureau • Penalties and adjudication Regulations 73Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 74. 74. 5. Energy Conservation Act 2001. Miscellaneous issues:- • Power to the state & central govt. • Power to remove difficulties Regulations 74Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 75. 75. 6. The Indian Electricity Rules-1956 • Based on section 37of Indian electricity act 1910. • The central electricity board has framed as Indian electricity rule • It containing 143 rules along with the detailed annexure & covers. Regulations 75Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 76. 76. 6. The Indian Electricity Rules-1956 contd…. • Inspection of electric installations- Creation of inspection agencies, inspection fees, appeal against order etc.. • LicensingApplications, contents & form of draft license, advertisement of application, preparation & submission of accounts & model condition of supply. • General safety precautionsRegarding construction , installation ,protection operation & maintenance of electric supply lines & apparatus, service lines & apparatus on consumer premises, identification of earthed conductors, intimation of accidents, periodical inspection, testing of consumer installation. Regulations 76Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 77. 77. 6. The Indian Electricity Rules-1956 contd… • General conditions relating to supply & use of electricity- Testing of consumers installations, Declared voltage & frequency of supply, sealing of energy & demand meter, point of supply, Electric supply lines, system & apparatus for low, medium, high & extra high voltages, Insulation testing, Testing of insulation resistance, earth connections, general condition for use and energy control, x ray installation • Overhead lines- Material and strength, clearness & supports, structure, condition to apply etc.. • Electric traction- Rules & Regulation Description-Regulations 77Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 78. 78. Other Legal Provisions 1.Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 2.The factory Act, 1948 3. The trade union Act, 1926 4. The workmen compensation Act, 1923 5.Indian contract act,1872 6. Regulation for power line crossing of railway tracts, 1987 7. Pollution control act 78Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 79. 79. Other Legal Provisions 1. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 • Investigation & settlement of industrial dispute in between employees & employers, employees and work men etc. • Controlling of illegal strikes, trade union, federation etc 79Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 80. 80. 2. The factory act, 1948 • Distinction between seasonal & non seasonal factories. • Define minimum requirement of staff health, safety, welfare, workload, annual wage, leave, World Energy Scenario • Introduction • Global primary energy consumption • Energy consumption in developing countries • Wo... penalties etc. • Registration of new company/factory Other Legal Provisions 80Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 81. 81. 3. Trade union act, 1926 • Registration of trade union • Rights & liabilities • Regulation • penalties Other Legal Provisions 81Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 82. 82. 4. Workmen compensation act, 1923 • Injury & accident cases 5.Indian Contract Act, 1872 • Communication, acceptance & revocation of proposals etc 6.Regulation for power line crossings of railway tracts,1987 • Seek approval to planning authority • Sanction Pollution control board Other Legal Provisions 82Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 83. 83. 7.Pollution control acts • Environmental protection act-1986 • Water pollution (prevention & control)-1974 • Air pollution (prevention & control)-1981 • Forest conservation act1980 Other Legal Provisions 83Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 84. 84. Review Questions-Standards & Legislations 1. Explain the features of Indian electricity rule 1956? June/july 2014,08 Marks 2. Describe the different statutory public control, which regulate the supply industry Dec 2011, 10 Marks 3. Write a short note on energy conservation act 2001. Dec 2010, june/july 2011, 05 Marks 4. Write a note on Indian Electricity act 2003. June 2011, 06 marks 84Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016 85. 85. 85Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016

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85Dept.of EEE, SDMIT, Ujire, D.K, Karnataka1/25/2016

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