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Energy Auditing & Demand Side Management (10EE842): unit 7&8: DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT: VTU syllabus for eighth semester students 6,874 views Share Like Download ... Syllabus- unit 7 & 8 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) Introduction to DSM, concept of DSM, benefits of DSM, different techniqu...
Vineeth Nambiar Follow Published on Jan 27, 2016
Dear friends, PFA Regards Vineeth Nambiar Asst. Prof Dept. ... Published in: Engineering 0 Comments 39 Likes Statistics • It is also called as Energy Demand Management. • The modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods ... Notes
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Vishal Pansare , Lecturer at Bhujbal Knowledge CIty at Lecturer 1 week ago • Peak demand management does not necessarily decrease total energy consumption, but could be expected to reduce the need ...
Praveen Kumar , student at REVA Institute of Technology & Management • Demand Side Management was introduced publicly by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the 1980s. • Nowadays, DSM... 1 month ago
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Gopi Nath , Student at GATES Institute of Technology, Gooty 2 months ago Show More No Downloads Views Total views 6,874 On SlideShare 0 From Embeds 0• TOD (Time of Day) Metering and differential pricing is the method/procedure for achieving targets in DSM. • DSM program ... Number of Embeds 17 Actions Shares 0 Downloads 828 Comments 0 Likes 39 Embeds 0 No embeds No notes for slide
Energy Auditing & Demand Side Management (10EE842): unit 7&8: DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT: VTU syllabus for eighth semester students 1. 1. EA&DM:10EE842- Elective II [PART-B] Unit 7&8 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) Prepared by Mr. Vineeth Nambiar Assistant professor Dept of EEE SDMIT, Ujire , D.K, Karnataka 1Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka1/27/2016 2. 2. Syllabus- unit 7 & 8 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) Introduction to DSM, concept of DSM, benefits of DSM, different techniques of DSM – time of day pricing, multi- utility power exchange model, time of day models for planning, load management, load priority technique, peak clipping, peak shifting, valley filling, strategic conservation, • Reduce overall cost of installed capacity • Ensure quality & equity of supply • To reduce power blackout (power outage) ... energy efficient equipment. Management and Organization of Energy Conservation awareness Programs. 16 Hours 2Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka1/27/2016 3. 3. • It is also called as Energy Demand Management. • The modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and education is termed as Demand Side Management. • The main goal of demand side management is to encourage the consumer to use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of energy use to off-peak times such as night time and weekends. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 3 Introduction to DSM 4. 4. • Peak demand management does not necessarily decrease total energy consumption, but could be expected to reduce the need for investments in networks. • Use of energy storage units to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge them during peak hours. • The term DSM was coined following the time of the 1973 energy crisis and 1979 energy crisis. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 4 Introduction to DSM 5. 5. • Demand Side Management was introduced publicly by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the 1980s. • Nowadays, DSM technologies become increasingly feasible due to the integration of information and communications technology and power system, resulting in a new term: Smart Grid. • Definition - DSM (Demand Side Management) is the 'Scientific control of usage and demand of Electricity, for achieving better load factor and economy, by the Licensee/Supplier'. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 5 Introduction to DSM 6. 6. • TOD (Time of Day) Metering and differential pricing is the method/procedure for achieving targets in DSM. • DSM program consists of planning, implementing & monitoring activities of electrical utilities that will modify the level & pattern of electricity usage of consumers. • Two principle activities of DSM- a) Load shifting & b) Energy efficiency & conservation program. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 6 Introduction to DSM 7. 7. • Reduce overall cost of installed capacity • Ensure quality & equity of supply • To reduce power blackout (power outage) • To increase the system reliability • To Reduce the energy pricing • To avoid harmful gas emission to the environment • To reduce environmental pollution. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 7 Why DSM ……? 8. 8. 1. Energy efficiency-Using less power to perform the same tasks. 2. Demand Response-Any reactive or preventative method to reduce, flatten or shift peak demand. 3. Dynamic Demand-Advance or delay appliance operating cycles by a few seconds to increase the Diversity factor of the set of loads. It would be unnoticeable to the end user. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 8 Types of DSM 9. 9. • Initiative from the consumer side is very important for successful DSM • The scope of DSM includes 1. Load shifting/ Load management 2. Energy conservation 3. Increased electrification 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 9 Scope of DSM 10. 10. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 10 Scope of DSM 11. 11. 1. Benefits for supply industry/Utility - Reduction in customers bill -Reduction in new power plant, transmission & distribution network - stimulate economic development creating new long job opportunities on innovation & technologies -Reduction in air pollution -Improving operating efficiency & flexibility -Improving load factor 1/27/2016 1. Energy efficiency-Using less power to perform the same tasks. 2. Demand Response-Any reactive or preventative method to... Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 11 Benefits of DSM 12. 12. 2.Customers benefit -Satisfy electricity demands -Reduce/stabilize the cost -Improve the value of service -Maintain/improve life style & productivity 3.Social Benefits -Reduce environmental degradation -conserve resources -protect the environment -Maximize customer’s welfare 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 12 Benefits of DSM 13. 13. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 13 Customer Benefits Utility Benefits Societal Benefits Satisfy electricity demands Lower cost of service Reduce environmental degradation Reduce / stabilize costs or electricity bill Improve operating efficiency, Flexibility Conserve resources Maintain/improve lifestyle and productivity Improve customer service Protect global environment Benefits of DSM 14. 14. • DSM is a mechanism to influence customer’s CAPABILITY and WILLINGNESS to reduce electricity consumption. • DSM is an utility program aiming to fine-tune consumer’s energy consumption pattern, according to the utility’s energy production and distribution capacity. • Demand-side management(DSM) programs consist of the planning, implementing and monitoring activities of electric utility that are designed to encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of electricity usage. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 14 Concept of DSM 15. 15. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 15 Concept of DSM DSM Utility Consumer Therefore consumers too have a very important role to play for achieving the objectives of DSM 16. 16. • To charge higher prices during Peak Hours • Improving the efficiency of various end uses by using energy efficient appliances, better house keeping and reducing energy leakages. This is important for agriculture where energy efficiency is very low (30-50%) • Promoting use of Energy Efficient Technologies and addressing Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) Losses 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 16 How to Perform DSM …..? 17. 17. 1. Load management programmes: Redistribute energy demand to spread it more evenly throughout the day, e.g., load shifting programmes (reducing loads during periods of peak demand and shifting these loads to less critical periods), and time-of-use rates (charging more for electricity during periods of peak demand). 2. Conservation programmes: Reduce energy use, e.g., programmes to improve the efficiency of equipment, buildings, and industrial processes. 3. Strategic load growth programmes: Increase energy use during some periods, e.g., programmes that encourage cost-effective electrical technologies that operate primarily during periods of low electricity demand. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 17 DSM Activities 18. 18. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 18 Planning & Implementation of DSM @ @ 19. 19. 1. Develop end-use Demand forecasting • Forecasting by end-use is an essential pre- requisite for effective DSM planning and implementation. • Mid- and long-term forecasts of power demand variations play a very important role in the development of a DSM programme. • Demand forecasting is an exercise that every electricity-generating company should • Initiative from the consumer side is very important for successful DSM • The scope of DSM includes 1. Load shifting/ Loa... carry out regularly in order to assess its future equipment requirements. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 19 Planning & Implementation of DSM 20. 20. 2. Undertake Load/ Market Research to identify end-use patterns and market barriers • To design effective DSM programmes it is important to know how electricity is used and what barriers are preventing customers from using efficient technologies. • Load research should be undertaken to estimate load curves for each sector or region, using local submetering, customer bill analysis and customer surveys. • Major areas of interest to DSM programmes include the residential, commercial, industrial, and public utility sectors. • Market research is needed to understand the target market, identify barriers and evaluate possible solutions. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 20 Planning & Implementation of DSM 21. 21. 3. Define load-shape objectives 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 21 Planning & Implementation of DSM •Reduction in peak demand •Controlling the equipments •Controlled tariff rate •Increasing load during off peak hours •Building off peak loads •Demand shift to off peak •Shift peak load to off peak hours •Popular applications include use of storage water heating, storage space heating, and coolness storage. 22. 22. 3. Define load-shape objectives 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 22 Planning & Implementation of DSM •The reduction of utility load, more or less equally, during all or most hours of the day •Non traditional approaches to load management •The INCREASE of utility load •Load-shape change which refers to overall increase in sales •The interruptible agreements by utility to alter customer energy consumption on an as-needed basis 23. 23. 4. Identify target sectors, end-uses, and measures • The collected information is normally useful in determining a typical load curve for each end- use. • Find out load-curve management objectives • Choose sectors and end-uses that account for the largest power consumption and peak loads, or will do so in the future. • Select DSM measures which will have the largest impact on peak demand and electricity use. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 23 Planning & Implementation of DSM 24. 24. 5. Identify sources of financing • In any DSM programme, financing is needed for individual projects undertaken by participants. • Utilities may also require financing to cover administrative costs and cost sharing investments. • Government/public fund is required. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 24 Planning & Implementation of DSM 25. 25. 6. Review Cost Sharing and Viability Options • Cost sharing in a DSM programme should try to maximize viability for each partner (participant, utility, and government). • If current tariffs are below the marginal cost of new power supply options, it is financially viable for the utility to share in the cost of the efficient technology and maximize participation in the programme. • The wider the differences between tariffs, the higher the utility investment can be, which in turn leads to a higher participation rate. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 25 Planning & Implementation of DSM 26. 26. 7. Programme Selection and Design • Identifying a list of programmes for each customer class. • Formation of brief report corresponding to that program • Uniform reporting format is required. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 26 Planning & Implementation of DSM 27. 27. 8. DSM Cost/Benefit Analysis • Based on the case study /measurement • Calculation of financial interest 9. Identify Local Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts • Most 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 10 Scope of DSM DSM programmes provide indirect economic and environmental benefits as well as reducing emissions and other impacts from power supply facilities. • Eg. employment is created in the energy services industry 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 27 Planning & Implementation of DSM 28. 28. 10. programme Implementation Plan • Implementation of any DSM programme requires a core DSM staff or “cell” within a power utility to develop a plan. • For the programme and manage its implementation, even if consultants are hired for both aspects of the programme. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 28 Planning & Implementation of DSM 29. 29. • Staffing plan and job descriptions for different aspects of the programme – contracting, marketing, supervision, monitoring and evaluation. • Standard contracting procedures for direct installation, marketing, and standing offers or bidding procedures for energy service companies. • A promotion/marketing plan to maximize participation. • A schedule of activities with participation targets for each year of the programme. • A budget and expenditure plan. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 29 Elements of DSM Implementation Second Internal 30. 30. 1. Time Of Day (TOD) pricing & metering 2. Multi utility power exchange model 3. Load management 4. Load priority techniques 5. Peak clipping 6. Peak shifting 7. Strategic conservation 8. Energy efficiency improvement 9. Different time zones 10. Tariff intervention 11. Rain water harvesting 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 30 Different techniques of DSM 31. 31. 1.Time Of Day (TOD) pricing & metering • The rate which vary according to the time of the day is called ‘Time of Day Pricing (TOD). • TOD is already practicing in India for HV installation, industries & large commercial installations • Should extend to other installation India for all types of load. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 31 Different techniques of DSM 32. 32. 2. Multi-utility power exchange model • All utilities are connected by a grid. • In order to handle or manage the peak demand grid shifting is allowed. • Condition:-Peak load handling capacity < 10% difference between peak load & average load 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 32 Different techniques of DSM 33. 33. 3. Load Management • Change the consumer’s electricity use pattern. • Technique which improving the effective utilization of generating capacity. • Encourage best usage of electricity. • It is for reducing outages & improving reliability. • Load management involves planning, developing & implementation program. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 33 Different techniques of DSM 34. 34. 3. Load Management • Load factor= Average load Maximum demand • Keep the value of load factor to be high. • Different load control techniques are available • Direct load control technique, local load control technique & distributed load control techniques. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 34 Different techniques of DSM 35. 35. 4.Load priority technique a) Direct load control technique – • Utility control the consumer’s load without any interaction. • Eg. Power line carrier or ripple control system (using in Europe) b) Local load control technique – • Consumer control the load • One method is to have a circuit breaker at the consumer premises • When the load exceed the 1. Benefits for supply industry/Utility - Reduction in customers bill -Reduction in new power plant, transmission & distri... predetermined value circuit breaker will operate and supply is switched off 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 35 Different techniques of DSM 36. 36. 4.Load priority technique c)Distributed control technique • In this techniques consumer control their load in communication with utilities. • Applicable for large industrial consumer. • They have special contract such as interruptible load. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 36 Different techniques of DSM 37. 37. 5. Peak clipping 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 37 Different techniques of DSM •Reduction in peak demand •Controlling the equipments •Controlled tariff rate 38. 38. 5. Peak clipping • Shifting electricity consumption from peak to non peak hours. • One of the classical form of load management. • Here some consumer's appliances switched off by direct load control technique. • It will be more beneficial for large industrial consumers. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 38 Different techniques of DSM 39. 39. 6.Load shifting 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 39 Different techniques of DSM •Increasing load during off peak hours •Building off peak loads 40. 40. 6.Load shifting • Reduction of utility loads during period of peak demand. • Building the load in off peak period • Some appliances switched off during peak demand. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 40 Different techniques of DSM 41. 41. 7.Valley filling 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 41 Different techniques of DSM •Increasing load during off peak hours •Building off peak loads 42. 42. 7.Valley filling • Improve the load factor. • Building load in off peak period. • Some heavy appliances (irrigation pump, water heaters etc) are switched off during peak hours & switched on during off peak hours. • This technique is known as valley filling. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 42 Different techniques of DSM 43. 43. 8. Strategic Energy Conservation • Conserve the energy • Eg. Photo sensitive switches for street light • Reduce KVAR of the load. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 43 Different techniques of DSM 44. 44. 9. Strategic load growth • Support for valley filling • Meet the load requirement 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 44 Different techniques of DSM 45. 45. 10.Flexible load shape • The utility is allowed to adjust the load shape to meet the reliability constraints. • The consumers are given incentives for reduced level of service. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 45 Different techniques of DSM 46. 46. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (a) End use energy conservation (b) Least cost utility programs (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 46 Different techniques of DSM 47. 47. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (a) End use energy conservation • Reduce the electricity consumption of consumers side. • Reduce electricity bill for consumers • Utilities and governments undertake various programs like education programes, subsidies for energy efficient equipments, developing energy efficient equipments, equipment efficiency standards etc. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 47 Different techniques of DSM 48. 48. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (b) Least cost utility programs • Supply side efficiency improvement • Addition of new project • Research on energy efficient equipment 2.Customers benefit -Satisfy electricity demands -Reduce/stabilize the cost -Improve the value of service -Maintain/improv... 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 48 Different techniques of DSM 49. 49. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies • High energy efficient technologies has been implemented in many of the countries. • A few energy efficient technologies are electronic ballast for fluorescent light, variable speed drive using power electronic devices etc. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 49 Different techniques of DSM 50. 50. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities in illumination system • Lumen efficiency of incandescent lamp=12lumen/watts & CFL = 60-70 lumen/watts • Use CFL to achieve higher efficiency & long life • CFL is ecofriendly • Colour rendering property 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 50 Different techniques of DSM 51. 51. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities in illumination system • Remove conventional choke (consumes 12-15W power) & use electronic ballast (high power factor and consumes only 1-4W of power) • High pressure sodium vapour lamp & mercury vapour lamp preferred for street lighting. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 51 Different techniques of DSM 52. 52. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies -Energy conservation opportunities in fan & refrigerator • Use high efficiency fan motor • Use electronic fan regulator • Fan with aero dynamic design & improved impeller design save 10% of energy consumption • Improved compressor design in refregerator 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 52 Different techniques of DSM 53. 53. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies -Energy conservation opportunities in cooling & heating system • Improved design of building & ventilation • Improved thermostat & control • Improved efficiency of fan motor & water circulating pump 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 53 Different techniques of DSM 54. 54. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities in Industrial sector • Use energy efficiency motors • Power electronic variable speed drive 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 54 Different techniques of DSM 55. 55. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies Energy conservation opportunities in Agriculture area • Use solar & wind energy • Use energy efficient motor for pump set • Efficient irrigation pump • Proper design of swine creep heating system- heat pad controller, creep high temperature cutout thermostat. • Optimized design of efficient live stock water bowls. • Efficient design of ventilation fans. • Vacuum pump motors (e.g., variable speed drives). 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 55 Different techniques of DSM 56. 56. 11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies Energy conservation opportunities in Agriculture area • Agriculture sector consumes 30% of total electricity in india • Total number of pump sets are 11850000 & about 2 lakh pump sets are added every year. • It is clear that improved efficiency of agriculture pump 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 13 Customer Benefits Utility Benefits Societal Benefits Satisfy electricity d... set can lead enormous saving. • Use of inefficient motor in the pump set leads huge wastage. • Use pumps & threshers during off peak hours 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 56 Different techniques of DSM 57. 57. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Tariff structure should be an efficient use of resources. • In order to achieve effective tariff consumer should receive correct information about the cost involved in delivering power. • Tariff should lead to a balance between supply & demand. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 57 Different techniques of DSM 58. 58. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Proper tariff should be applied so as to improve the load factor. • A proper tariff structure can itself lead to peak clipping & valley filling. • This can be improved service to consumer & load shedding may not be required. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 58 Different techniques of DSM 59. 59. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Types of DSM tariff are a) Time of day tariff ( TOD Tariff) b) Seasonal tariff c) Curtailable / Interruptable Rates (C/I Rates) 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 59 Different techniques of DSM 60. 60. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM a) Time of day tariff ( TOD Tariff) • TOD rate makes electricity cost more expensive during peak hours & cheaper during off peak hours. • Such tariff encourage the consumer to shift the load from peak hours to off peak hours. • TOD metering is required for implementing this type of tariff. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 60 Different techniques of DSM 61. 61. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM b)Seasonal tariff • In this tariff the rate changes across the season • This type of tariff is an economical way of metering demand. • Peak consumption month- changing more • No need of separate TOD meters. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 61 Different techniques of DSM 62. 62. 12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM c) Curtailable / Interruptable Rates (C/I Rates) • C/I rates offer incentives to those consumers who reduce demand to a predetermined level. • C/I rates are suitable for only the industrial and commercial consumers • The success of this tariff depends on reliable communication system. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 62 Different techniques of DSM 63. 63. 13. Different time zone • Shifting of peak load from one to other time zone. • Peak hours & off peak hours • Shift the equipment (load) from peak hours to off peak hours • Consumers electricity bill can be reduced. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 63 Different techniques of DSM 64. 64. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 64 Different techniques of DSM 14. Rain water harvesting 65. 65. 14. Rain water harvesting • Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense, is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for human use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques. • The application of appropriate rainwater harvesting technology is important for the utilization of rainwater as a water resource. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 65 Different techniques of DSM • DSM is a mechanism to influence customer’s CAPABILITY and WILLINGNESS to reduce electricity consumption. • DSM is an uti... 66. 66. • It is always advisable to select a motor with highest efficiency. • Power factor is also very important. However power factor can be corrected by external capacitor; but efficiency cannot be corrected. • Cost of motor is in significant when compared to the running cost. • Efficiency should be one of the determining factors in purchase of motors, besides cost. Decision is to be strictly on comparative cost- benefit analysis. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 66 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MOTORS 67. 67. • Generally reluctance is observed in replacing a good condition but inefficient or oversized motor. A cost-benefit analysis will help in such cases to take a decision. • Whenever possible, higher speed motors should be preferred. Higher the speed, higher is the efficiency. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 67 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MOTORS 68. 68. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 68 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Basic structure of energy management in an organization 69. 69. 1. Plant level organization 2. Division level organization 3. Corporate level organization 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 69 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 70. 70. 1. Plant level organization • Applicable for a single plant • Monitoring the energy conservation for a single plant unit • Applicable for both small & large plants • Plant energy conservation coordinator is the key person of the organization. • Plant energy conservation coordinator submit report on energy conservation report to the management. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 70 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 71. 71. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 71 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Plant Level organization 72. 72. 1.Plant level organization • It will be complicated for large plant • Operating shift management • Based on a single plant • Short term basis 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 72 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 73. 73. 2.Divisional level organization • Monitoring of energy conservation process for several plant units • Medium term (quarterly) basis • It involves transfer of useful information between similar plants. • Division energy conservation manager plays key role in this category. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 73 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 74. 74. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 74 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Divisional Level organization 75. 75. 2.Divisional level organization • Steering committee plans the energy conservation progrmme. • Steering committee generates the ideas for employee awareness, technical projects & improved operating procedure. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 75 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 76. 76. 3.Corporate level organization • Large multi divisional organization belongs corporate level organization. • Energy conservation report directly forward to top level management. • It involves the contribution of representatives from various business organization. • Division managers report directly to the director of energy conservation. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 76 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 15 Concept of DSM DSM Utility Consumer Therefore consumers too have a very im... 77. 77. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 77 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Corporate Level organization 78. 78. 1.Maximum demand controller 2.Automatic power factor controller 3.Soft starter with energy saver 4.Variable speed drive 5.Energy efficient transformer 6.Electronic ballast 7.Occupancy sensors 8.Energy saving potential of each technology 9.Energy efficient motors 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 78 Energy efficient technology 79. 79. 1.Maximum demand controller- • Preset Value of maximum demand is programmed in the device • If the maximum demand approaches the preset value alarm is sounded/ Indicator. • It can be implemented by using a suitable contactors. 2.Automatic power factor controller- • Using relay/microprocessor logic • Mainly two types • (a) Voltage control (b)KVAR control 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 79 Energy efficient technology 80. 80. 2.Automatic power factor controller- (a) Voltage control • Check the voltage drop when load is applied • Less voltage drop supporting for leading power factor • Suitable at substation (b)KVAR control • Current & voltage sense from the feeder & processed by using microprocessor. • Sensitive control, where voltage variation aren’t available (c)Automatic power factor control relay (d)Intelligent power factor controller 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 80 Energy efficient technology 81. 81. 3.Soft starter with energy saver • Starting current & starting torque is very high during the starting of induction motor. • It will effect windings, belt, chain etc • Star delta starter provide a partial solution for this problem but not complete solution. • Soft start & soft stop is built into 3 phase units provide controlled starting & stopping with a selection of ramp time & current limit settings to suit all applications. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 81 Energy efficient technology 82. 82. 3.Soft starter with energy saver Advantages are • Less mechanical stress • Improved power factor • Lower maximum demand • Less mechanical maintenance 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 82 Energy efficient technology 83. 83. 4.Variable speed drives - Speed control of induction motors- Speed can vary by using voltage, varying rotor resistance, Scherbius or Kramer drives etc - Variable frequency drives- Control the speed by changing the frequency - V/f control 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 83 Energy efficient technology 84. 84. 5.Energy efficient transformer • Amorphous core material- metalic glass alloy • Less heat/vibration losses • Reduced hysteresis losses 6.Electronic Ballast • Ballast act as the choke • Auxiliary circuit for starting of fluorescent lamp 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 84 Energy efficient technology 85. 85. 7.Energy efficient lighting control (a)Occupancy sensors • It is achieved by using infrared or uv or microwave sensors • Depending upon the occupancy lighting is controlled automatically (b) Time based control • By using photo cells or LDR 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 85 Energy efficient technology 86. 86. Review Questions 1. Explain the energy efficient technology in electrical system. June/July 2014. 10 Marks 2. Briefly explain the DSM planning and implementation . June/July 2014,2011,2010. 10 Marks 3. Explain energy conservation opportunities in illumination and industrial sector. June/July 2014. 10 Marks 4. Write a short notes on: i)peak clipping ii)load shifting iii)valley filling June/July 2014, Dec 2011.,2010 10 Marks 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 86 87. 87. 5. Describe the benefits of demand side management. 10 Marks December 2011 6. Describe the some of the important types of tariffs, commonly used. 10 Marks December, • To charge higher prices during Peak Hours • Improving the efficiency of various end uses by using energy efficient appli... june/july 2011, dec 2010 7. Explain the terms, maximum energy efficiency and maximum cost effectiveness. 10 Marks December 2011. 8. With the flow chart, explain the management and organization of energy conservation awareness Programs. 10 Marks December 2010. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 87 Review Questions 88. 88. 8. Explain various DSM strategies from load curve objective view. Mention benefit of strategies . June/July 2011, 10 Marks 9. Explain the energy conservation opportunity in agriculture sector. June/July 2011, 06Marks 10. Explain the plant level management organization with relevant diagram. June/July 2011, 08 Marks 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 88 Review Questions 89. 89. 11.Define DSM and explain the concept of DSM. 06 Marks 12. Explain the load management as DSM strategy. 06 Marks 13. Explain the basic ways of load shape objectives of DSM. 08 Marks January 2010 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 89 Review Questions 90. 90. 14. Explain energy conservation opportunities in illumination systems. 06 Marks 15. With a flow chart, explain corporate level organization of energy conservation program. 06 Marks 16. What is time of day pricing? With the help of suitable example, explain how this help in an efficient DSM. 08 Marks January 2010 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 90 Review Questions 91. 91. 17. Explain the concept and benefits of DSM. 10 Marks 18. Briefly explain the DSM Planning and implementation. 10 Marks 19. Explain the importance of management and organization of energy conservation awareness programs. 10 Marks 20. Explain with an example, the Time-of-day pricing. 10 Marks June 2012 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 91 Review Questions 92. 92. 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 92
1. Load management programmes: Redistribute energy demand to spread it more evenly throughout the day, e.g., load shifting...
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Enter email addresses Add a message 7. Programme Selection and Design • Identifying a list of programmes for each customer class. • Formation of brief report ... From Send Email sent successfully.. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Link Public clipboards featuring this slide
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1. Time Of Day (TOD) pricing & metering 2. Multi utility power exchange model 3. Load management 4. Load priority techniqu...
1.Time Of Day (TOD) pricing & metering • The rate which vary according to the time of the day is called ‘Time of Day Prici...
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Description Add a brief description so others know what your Clipboard is about. Visibility Others can see my Clipboard Cancel Save Save this presentationTap To Close 2. Multi-utility power exchange model • All utilities are connected by a grid. • In order to handle or manage the peak dem...
3. Load Management • Change the consumer’s electricity use pattern. • Technique which improving the effective utilization ...
3. Load Management • Load factor= Average load Maximum demand • Keep the value of load factor to be high. • Different load...
4.Load priority technique a) Direct load control technique – • Utility control the consumer’s load without any interaction...
4.Load priority technique c)Distributed control technique • In this techniques consumer control their load in communicatio...
5. Peak clipping 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 37 Different techniques of DSM •Reduction in peak demand •Co...
5. Peak clipping • Shifting electricity consumption from peak to non peak hours. • One of the classical form of load manag...
6.Load shifting 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 39 Different techniques of DSM •Increasing load during off pe...
6.Load shifting • Reduction of utility loads during period of peak demand. • Building the load in off peak period • Some a...
7.Valley filling 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 41 Different techniques of DSM •Increasing load during off p...
7.Valley filling • Improve the load factor. • Building load in off peak period. • Some heavy appliances (irrigation pump, ...
8. Strategic Energy Conservation • Conserve the energy • Eg. Photo sensitive switches for street light • Reduce KVAR of th...
9. Strategic load growth • Support for valley filling • Meet the load requirement 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karna...
10.Flexible load shape • The utility is allowed to adjust the load shape to meet the reliability constraints. • The consum...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (a) End use energy conservation (b) Least cost utility programs (c) Promotion of high en...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (a) End use energy conservation • Reduce the electricity consumption of consumers side. ...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (b) Least cost utility programs • Supply side efficiency improvement • Addition of new p...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies • High energy efficient technologie...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies -Energy conservation opportunities ...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies -Energy conservation opportunities ...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies - Energy conservation opportunities...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies Energy conservation opportunities i...
11. Energy Efficiency Improvement (c) Promotion of high energy efficiency technologies Energy conservation opportunities i...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Tariff structure should be an efficient use of resources. • In order to ac...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Proper tariff should be applied so as to improve the load factor. • A prop...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM • Types of DSM tariff are a) Time of day tariff ( TOD Tariff) b) Seasonal ta...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM a) Time of day tariff ( TOD Tariff) • TOD rate makes electricity cost more e...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM b)Seasonal tariff • In this tariff the rate changes across the season • This...
12.Tariff Intervention/ Tariff option for DSM c) Curtailable / Interruptable Rates (C/I Rates) • C/I rates offer incentive...
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1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 64 Different techniques of DSM 14. Rain water harvesting
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1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 68 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Basic structure o...
1. Plant level organization 2. Division level organization 3. Corporate level organization 1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Uji...
1. Plant level organization • Applicable for a single plant • Monitoring the energy conservation for a single plant unit •...
1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 71 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Plant Level organ...
1.Plant level organization • It will be complicated for large plant • Operating shift management • Based on a single plant...
2.Divisional level organization • Monitoring of energy conservation process for several plant units • Medium term (quarter...
1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 74 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Divisional Level ...
2.Divisional level organization • Steering committee plans the energy conservation progrmme. • Steering committee generate...
3.Corporate level organization • Large multi divisional organization belongs corporate level organization. • Energy conser...
1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 77 Management & Organization of Energy Conservation program Corporate Level o...
1.Maximum demand controller 2.Automatic power factor controller 3.Soft starter with energy saver 4.Variable speed drive 5....
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3.Soft starter with energy saver Advantages are • Less mechanical stress • Improved power factor • Lower maximum demand • ...
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1/27/2016 Dept.EEE, SDM IT, Ujire, Karnataka 92
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