National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Safety
(ENVIPE) 2015 Basic Findings
September, 2015
Context • INEGI presents the 2015 edition of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Safety (ENVIPE). • ENVIPE focuses on providing relevant information for the design and implementation of public policies in the Victimization and Public Safety areas. • INEGI, along with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) continues to share the experience of Mexico in the design of victimization surveys, both at households and economic units, for the development of regional and national surveys.
• ENVIPE 2015 has steadily strengthened its methodological aspects in order to measure with greater certainty victimization and crime, as well as wider aspects than these phenomena,. • ENVIPE has become an international best practice for measuring victimization and crime.
ENVIPE 2015 Main Objectives •
Estimate the number and gender of victims of crime during 2014.
•
Estimate the number of crimes that occurred during 2014.
•
Estimate the “Dark Figure” of crime and its causes.
•
Measure citizens’ perception about the safety level of where they live and where they go about their daily activities.
•
Measure citizens’ confidence in public safety institutions and their perception of the authorities’ effectiveness.
•
Identify and measure changes in citizen activities and habits due to fear of crime.
•
Estimate the costs of crime on citizens and households
•
Estimate the number of households with victims and personal victimization.
•
Estimate the consequences of crime on victims.
•
Identify and measure the victims’ behavior and experiences with public safety institutions and public attorneys.
Sample Design Reference period
January – December 2014
Sample Design
Probabilistic: Cross sectional, Multi-staged, Stratified and Clustered
Sample Unit
Selected households, household residents and the household selected person
Target Population
18 years and older
National Sample Size
95,561 households
Collection of information Period
March 2nd – April 24th, 2015
Geographic Scope
National level, Urban-National, Rural-National, and by State.
Victimization Crime Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence of Crime on Households 33.2% of the country’s households1 had at least one victim of a crime2 during 2014.
Timeline
1 2
Year
Households victims of crime (%)
2010
36.0
2011
30.4
2012
32.4
2013
33.9
2014
33.2
That represents 10,801,044 households with victims from a total of 32,505,399 estimated households. ENVIPE measures crimes affecting directly victims or households, such as Total vehicle theft, Theft of vehicle parts, Domestic burglary, Robbery, Other kinds of theft (as pickpocketing, break-in, cattle rustling and other), Fraud, Extortion, Verbal threats, assault and Crimes other than those aforementioned (including kidnaping, sexual offenses and other kind of offenses).
Prevalence of Crime on Individuals ENVIPE allows to estimate 22.8 millions1 18-year and older victims2 of crime, which represents a rate of 28,200 victims per 100 000 population during 2014, a figure statistically higher than the estimated for 2013.
Timeline
1
Victims by sex (%)
Year
Victims of Crime (Millions)
Year
Men
Women
2010
18.1
2010
53.0
47.0
2011
49.2
50.8
2012
50.8
49.2
2011
18.8
2012
21.6
2013
49.9
50.1
2013
22.5
2014
48.6
51.4
2014
22.8
In ENVIPE 2014 with 2013 as year of reference, this level represented 22.5 millions of victims. ENVIPE measures crimes affecting directly victims or households, such as Total vehicle theft, Theft of vehicle parts, Domestic burglary, Robbery, Other kinds of theft (as pickpocketing, break-in, cattle rustling and other), Fraud, Extortion, Verbal threats, injuries and Crimes other than those aforementioned (including kidnaping, sexual offenses and other kind of offenses). Note: Indicator VII.1.2 “Rate of Victimization” from Mexico’s National Development Plan 2013-2018 2
States
Crime Prevalence 2013-2014 (Rate of victims) Victims per 100,000 population considering the 18 years or older population for 2013 and 2014, by state.
Downward
3
Upward
9
Unchanged State
Victims 2013
Victims 2014
Pct. Change (Δ %)
NATIONAL
28,224
28,200
-0.1
Aguascalientes
26,784
33,376
24.6
State
Victims 2013
Victims 2014
Pct. Change (Δ %)
/a
/a
Morelos
26,146
29,647
13.4
Nayarit
18,535
22,052
19.0
Nuevo León
26,516
24,250
-8.5
Oaxaca
16,291
20,061
23.1
Puebla
23,585
23,741
0.7
Querétaro
23,554
25,660
8.9
Quintana Roo
26,519
28,638
8.0
San Luis Potosí
25,710
25,873
0.6
Sinaloa
23,588
22,063
-6.5
Baja California
39,507
37,583
-4.9
Baja California Sur
24,746
30,310
22.5
Campeche
23,710
22,639
-4.5
Coahuila
24,040
17,080
-29.0
Colima
22,059
21,562
-2.3
Chiapas
16,445
15,352
-6.6
Chihuahua
27,344
22,395
-18.1
Mexico City
33,068
36,019
8.9
Durango
22,157
22,949
3.6
Sonora
27,395
24,246
-11.5 /a
Guanajuato
27,293
31,659
16.0
Tabasco
22,725
24,759
8.9
Guerrero
26,002
27,721
6.6
Tamaulipas
17,570
23,339
32.8
Hidalgo
19,890
18,420
-7.4
Tlaxcala
21,924
26,012
18.6
Veracruz
20,246
17,208
-15.0
Yucatán
18,438
22,860
24.0
Zacatecas
20,863
22,924
9.9
Jalisco Estado de México Michoacán
33,029 47,778 20,002
/a /a
/a
-5.0
45,139
-5.5
21,311
/a
/a
31,375
/a /a /a /a
6.5
20
/a
/a
/a /a /a /a /a
/a
/a
/a According to hypothesis testing, in these cases there is no statistical difference from the estimated level for the previous year. The margins of error of the estimates by state for the reference year 2014 are on average 7 percent, with a maximum error of up
to 9 percent for 3 cases and a minimum margin of error of 4 percent for one case. For more details, see ENVIPE 2015 Basic Tables at www.inegi.org.mx.
Crime Prevalence by State 2014 Victims per 100,000 population considering the 18 years or older population for 2014, by state.
Crime Incidence — Crimes by Type ENVIPE allows to estimate 33.7 millions of crimes1 in 2014, associated with 22.8 millions of victims. This represents a rate of 1.5 crimes per victim (the same rate to the estimated for 2013).
Distribution
11.7%
In 94.7% (94% in 2013) of cases the extortion was by telephone. In 5.4% (6.4% in 2013) of cases the victim delivered what was demanded by criminals.
10.2%
Extortion payment timeline
28.6% 23.6%
Year
9.9% 6.1% 3.5%
2
3.4% 3
3.0%
1
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Paid Extortions (%)
9.3 9.6 7.5 6.4 5.4
ENVIPE 2015 measures the most representative local crimes. Crimes related to organized crime, drug trafficking, possession of weapons for exclusive use of the Army, illegals trafficking, among others, are not likely to be captured in a victimization survey such as ENVIPE. 2 Refers to thefts other than robbery, vehicle theft and theft of vehicle parts, and domestic burglary 3 Includes crimes such as kidnapping or express kidnapping, sexual offenses and other crimes
Crime Incidence — Kidnapping of a household member ENVIPE allows to estimate 102,883 household members kidnappings nationwide, related with 99,747 victims during 2014.
Kidnappings Victims (Prevalence)
Crimes
(Incidence) /a
Rate p/ 100,000 pop./a 2012
2013
2014
80
103
83
89
110
85
This rate is defined from a universe of 120,738,843 population.
Duration of kidnappings
2012 (%)
2013 (%)
2014 (%)
Less than 24 hrs
57.0
64.8
59.8
1 - 3 days
18.9
/b
17.4
23.2
4 days or more
18.6
/b
13.2
14.8
5.5
/b
4.6
Not specified
Nota: The estimate of kidnap victims for 2012 has a confidence interval of (78.095, 110.781); for 2013 of (102.017, 144.923); and for 2014 of (83.183, 116.311). On the other side, the estimation of kidnapping for 2012, has a confidence interval of (84.605, 126.759); for 2013, of (105.252, 158.640); and 2014, of (86.107, 119.659). /b The use for quantitative conclusions from these data is not recommended because their coefficients of variation are higher than 25 percent, they are presented only for qualitative analysis.
/b
2.2
/b
Crime Incidence on Individuals 2010 - 2014 ENVIPE allows to estimate a rate of 41,655 crimes per 100 000 population during 2014. Hypothesis tests show that there is no significant difference from the figure of 2013, although these levels are still higher than those observed in 2010 to 2012.
Timeline
Year
Crimes (Millions)
2010
23.1
2011
22.6
2012
27.8
2013
33.1
2014
33.7
States
Crime Incidence 2013-2014 (Rate of Crimes)
Downward
Rate of Crimes per 100,000 population for 18 years and older population in 2013 and 2014, by state, and by place of occurrence of crimes. State
Crimes 2013
Crimes 2014
Pct Change (Δ %)
41,563
41,655
0.2
Aguascalientes
24,711
59.7
Baja California
57,066
Baja California Sur
23,747
Campeche
30,597
Coahuila
25,451
Colima
26,309
Chiapas
19,215
Chihuahua
31,669
Mexico City
51,786
Durango
22,512
Guanajuato
34,110
Guerrero
35,366
39,453 56,632 34,700 29,306 18,318 30,535 19,160 24,295 59,545 30,080 40,737 42,690 23,211 43,076 83,566 26,340
NATIONAL
Hidalgo
23,468
Jalisco
47,278
State of México
93,003
Michoacán
25,126
State
Crimes 2013
36,524
Nayarit
26,609
46.1
Nuevo León
32,552
-4.2 /a
Oaxaca
20,749
Puebla
31,662
Querétaro
27,975
Quintana Roo
35,245
San Luis Potosí
39,558
15.0
Sinaloa
30,287
33.6
Sonora
31,155
19.4
Tabasco
32,037
Tamaulipas
19,417
Tlaxcala
26,660
Veracruz
28,101
Yucatán
23,728
Zacatecas
27,290
/a
-28.0 16.1 /a -0.3
/a
-23.3
20.7 -1.1
Upward
12
Unchanged
17
Crimes 2014
Pct Change (Δ %)
43,584 32,936 28,720 29,073 32,690 31,572 41,381 41,384 29,139 26,384 29,508 33,414 33,700 20,832 31,857 30,058
19.3
/a
Morelos
-0.8
3
/a
-8.9 /a -10.1 /a 4.8 /a
23.8 -11.8 /a 40.1 /a 3.2 /a 12.9 /a 17.4 4.6 /a -3.8 /a -15.3 /a -7.9
/a
72.1 26.4 -25.9 34.3 10.1 /a
/a According to hypothesis testing in these cases there is no statistical difference from the estimated level for the previous year. The margins of error of the estimates by state for 2014 are on average 11 percent, with a maximum error of up to 26 percent for one case, and a minimum margin of error of 8 percent for 7 cases. For more details, see ENVIPE 2015 basic tables at www.inegi.org.mx
Crime Incidence List of the three most frequent crimes by State in 2014. State
1st Most Frequent
2nd Most Frequent
3rd Most Frequent
NATIONAL
Robbery
Extortion
Fraud
Aguascalientes
Theft of vehicle parts
Extortion
Threats
Baja California
Extortion
Theft of vehicle parts
Domestic burglary
Baja California Sur
Fraud
Theft of vehicle parts
Extortion
Campeche
Extortion
Threats
Fraud
Coahuila
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Fraud
Colima
Extortion
Threats
Fraud
Chiapas
Extortion
Robbery
Threats
Chihuahua
Extortion
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Mexico City
Robbery
Extortion
Fraud
Durango
Extortion
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Guanajuato
Robbery
Extortion
Theft of vehicle parts
Guerrero
Extortion
Robbery
Fraud
Hidalgo
Extortion
Robbery
Fraud
Jalisco
Extortion
Theft of vehicle parts
Robbery
State of Mexico
Robbery
Extortion
Threats
Michoacán
Extortion
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Crime Incidence List of the three most frequent crimes by State in 2014. State
1st Most Frequent
2nd Most Frequent
3rd Most Frequent
NATIONAL
Robbery
Extortion
Fraud
Morelos
Extortion
Robbery
Threats
Nayarit
Extortion
Threats
Theft of vehicle parts
Nuevo León
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Extortion
Oaxaca
Threats
Robbery
Extortion
Puebla
Extortion
Robbery
Theft of vehicle parts
Querétaro
Extortion
Fraud
Theft of vehicle parts
Quintana Roo
Extortion
Robbery
Fraud
San Luis Potosí
Extortion
Robbery
Other crimes
Sinaloa
Extortion
Robbery
Fraud
Sonora
Other kinds of theft
Theft of vehicle parts
Robbery
Tabasco
Robbery
Extortion
Other kinds of theft
Tamaulipas
Extortion
Robbery
Threats
Tlaxcala
Extortion
Robbery
Threats
Veracruz
Extortion
Robbery
Fraud
Yucatán
Extortion
Other kinds of theft
Fraud
Zacatecas
Extortion
Threats
Theft of vehicle parts
Crime Incidence by State 2014 Rate of crimes per 100,000 population for 18 years and older population in 2014, by state, by place of crime occurrence.
Crime Incidence — Characteristics From the 33.7 millions of estimated crimes, the victim was present1 in 53.4%2 of cases, which represents 18 millions of crimes.
Crimes with the victim present and assaulted Year
Victim was Assault & present battery
2010
55.8
43.1
2011
52.8
26.2
2012
59.2
17.7
2013
55.0
16.3
2014
53.4
17.9
From those crimes where the victim was present, the 17.9% 3 of them also involved some kind of assault 2. 1
Corresponds to those crimes where the victim was present at the moment when that crime was committed, considering that the victim was conscious about the crime execution. refers to the situation where the victim was deliberately hurt by the criminal(s) (assault and battery aggravating the main crime).
2 Assault
Crime Incidence — Characteristics From the 18 millions of estimated crimes where the victim was present, the criminals carried a weapon1 in 48.6% of the cases.
Crimes carrying weapons
Year
Percentage Percentage
2010
40.6
27.6
2011
48.4
30.5
2012
44.1
28.8
2013
50.2
34.2
2014
48.6
33.0
From the crimes where the criminals carried a weapon, 9.7%2 of the cases resulted in a weapon assault. 1 2
Includes firearms, knives and blunt objects such as sticks, rods, tubes and the like. In 2013 this figure was 8.1 percent.
Crimes with firearms
Crime Incidence – Crimes Carrying Weapons by State 2014 (Percentage)
Crime Incidence – Number of criminals From the 18 millions of estimated crimes where the victim was present, in 39.6% of the cases the victim declared that just one criminal was involved. The national mean rate of criminals per victim was 1.9. (in 2013 this rate was 2.0).
Crimes by gender of criminals involved 1
Note: The option “Not specified” is excluded. Nationwide, this represented 3.0% in 2014. 1 The option “Not specified” is excluded. Nationwide, this represented 2.3% in 2014.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Men Only
87.8
90.2
86.5
85.9
85.1
Women Only
5.1
3.3
5.3
5.0
6.1
Men & Women
7.1
6.5
5.5
7.2
6.5
Costs of Crime ENVIPE allows to estimate that in 2014 there was a total cost of crime for households of 226.7 billion pesos1 (1.27% of GDP) that is, 17.05 billion dollars2. This represents a rate of 5,861 pesos (440.7 dollars) per person due to insecurity and crime.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
1.53
1.38
1.34
1.27
1.27
(billions of US Dollars)
Costs of Crime2
16.7
17.0
16.3
16.7
17.1
Costs of Security Measures2
3.8
4.2
4.2
5.0
4.8
Costs of Crime (% of GDP)
(billions of US Dollars)
3
Preventive security measures represented an estimated spending for households of 63.6 billion pesos (4.8 billion dollars). 1
In ENVIPE 2014 were estimated 213.1 billion pesos (16.7 billion dollar), that is, 1.27% of GDP; while the estimated spending in preventive measures for households was 64 billion pesos (5 billion dollar). The average cost per person affected because of insecurity and crime was 5,560 pesos (435.5 dollars). 2 The mean exchange rates considered were: 12.6367 USD/MXN for 2010; 12.4273 USD/MXN for 2011; 13.1685 USD/MXN for 2012; 12.7674 USD/MXN for 2013; and 13.2983 USD/MXN for 2014. Source: Banco de México. 3 Refers to the countrywide percentage of households in which the measure was conducted. A household might have made more than one measure.
Average cost of crime The Average cost of crime per 18 years and older person, as a result of spending on security measures and losses because of crime during 2014 was 5,861 pesos (440.7 dollars). State NATIONAL
/a /b
Average cost of crime 2013
5,560
Aguascalientes
8,618 /a
Baja California
5,861
Baja California Sur
6,384
Campeche
4,500
Coahuila
5,631
Colima
3,997
Chiapas
3,081
Chihuahua
4,720
Mexico CIty
5,576
Durango
3,750
Guanajuato
3,536
Guerrero
4,744
Hidalgo
4,012
Jalisco
6,484
State of Mexico
6,983
Michoacán
4,475
Average cost of crime 2014
5,861 5,338 6,769 7,918 5,350 4,548 4,341 4,957 /a 3,747 8,014 /a 5,636 4,549 7,086 4,508 6,456 6,091 7,506
Pct Change (Δ %)
State
Average cost of crime 2013
Average cost of crime 2014
Pct Change (Δ %)
5.4 N.D /b Morelos
5,604
15.5
Nayarit
7,518 /a
24.0
Nuevo León
4,861
18.9
Oaxaca
3,709
-19.2
Puebla
4,379
Querétaro
5,868
8.6
N.D /b Quintana Roo -20.6
San Luis Potosí
5,146 5,726
N.D /b Sinaloa
5,296
50.3
Sonora
5,256
28.6
Tabasco
4,829
49.4
Tamaulipas
4,327
12.4
Tlaxcala
3,366
-0.4
Veracruz
5,351
-12.8
Yucatán
2,918
Zacatecas
6,533 /a
67.7
5,454 2,840 4,236 3,389 4,786 7,720 4,943 4,121 4,690 5,387 4,857 5,664 4,006 5,985 3,643 5,685
The use of these data to obtain quantitative conclusions is not recommended because their coefficients of variation are higher than 25 percent, they are presented only for qualitative analysis. Not available since there is no statistical quality in some of the figures to define the percent change of the indicator.
-2.7
N.D /b -12.9 -8.6 9.3 31.6 -3.9 -28.0 -11.4 2.5
0.6 30.9 19.0 11.9 24.8 N.D /b
Dark Figure
Dark Figure With ENVIPE is estimated that in 2014 only 10.7% of crimes were reported to the Public Attorney, of which 67.5% lead to an official prosecution*. From the total amount of crimes, 7.2% were prosecuted. That represents 92.8% of crimes that were NOT reported to the authority or were reported but a preliminary inquiry was NOT started.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Reported crimes
12.3
12.8
12.2
9.9
10.7
Preliminary Inquiry
65.2
65.5
64.7
62.7
67.5
8.0
8.4
7.9
6.2
7.2
Preliminary Inquiry (from the total of crimes)
Dark Figure
92.8% * Note: An official prosecution is considered whenever a preliminary inquiry is placed .
Dark Figure ENVIPE estimates the “Dark Figure”, which represents 92.8% of crimes committed in 2014 that were NOT reported to the authority or were reported but a preliminary inquiry was NOT started.
Crimes with a higher dark figure
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Extortion
97.6
96.6
97.8
98.5
99.0
Fraud
94.9
92.2
92.1
95.2
95.3
Theft of vehicle parts
94.4
95.0
95.2
95.7
95.1
Robbery
93.5
94.8
94.4
95.9
93.6
Dark Figure by State 2014 (%) Percentage of crimes that were NOT reported to the authority or were reported but a preliminary inquiry was NOT started during 2014.
Dark Figure From the total of crimes reported to the Public Attorney, in 53.8% of the cases the result was Nothing happened or Not resolved.
Preliminary Inquiry Result (Timeline)
Year
Nothing or not resolved
2010
43.7
2011
62.1
2012
53.2
2013
49.9
2014
53.8
Nota: The percentage of crimes that resulted from “Having recovered their property”, “Having put the criminal on trial” or “Forgiveness was granted” represents 1.5 of total crimes (1.3 in 2013).
Dark Figure — Reasons for NOT reporting Among the reasons for NOT reporting crimes to the authorities by the victims were the Waste of time response with 32.2% and the Distrust of authorities response with 16.8%, both of which are attributable to the authorities.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Causes attributable to the authorities
61.2
63.2
61.9
65.6
63.1
Other Causes
36.3
35.9
37.7
33.9
36.5
Not Specified
2.5
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.4
By causes attributable to the authorities we mean: fear of being extorted, waste of time, long and difficult paperwork, distrust of authority, or a hostile authority. By other causes we mean: fear of the aggressor, crime of little importance, or had no evidence.
Dark Figure — Reporting Time Half of the estimated victims said it took less than 2 hours to report a crime to the Public Attorney. 28.9%1,2 spent 4 hours or more reporting.
3
1. 2. 3.
This figure varies widely from state to state, for example, while in Sonora, Nayarit and Michoacán is 9.5, 9.9 and 14.0 respectively, in State of Mexico, Tabasco and Campeche is 41.4, 42.1 and 46.0 respectively. For ENVIPE 2014, with 2013 as year of reference, this figure was 29.1 percent. Excludes the option "Not specified" which represents 1.1% nationwide. For the sum of the different response options reaches 100%, it should be calculated including all decimal in each figure.
Public Safety Perception
Public Safety Perception — Main concerns ENVIPE allows to estimate that 58% of the 18 years and older population considers Insecurity and crime as the most important problem affecting them at the state level, followed by Unemployment with 44.1% and Rising Prices with 33.2%.
Public Safety Perception — Main concerns States reporting Insecurity and Crime as a higher concern, compared with those reporting other problems before, all this from a list of 10 concerns.
Public Safety Perception 2011 – 2015 Percentage of population perceiving itself as insecure with the current1 situation at the Neighborhoods or Localities, Municipalities or Boroughs and the States, compared with the levels estimated from 2011 to 2015.
1
Current estimation represents the period of March – April, 2015.
Public Safety Perception 2011 – 2015 ENVIPE allows to estimate that 73.2% of 18-years and older population considers the State where they live as insecure due to insecurity and crime in 2015, this figure is statistically higher than the estimated for 2014.
1
1
Current estimation represents the period of March – April, 2015.
States
Public Safety Perception 2014 - 2015 Public perception regarding the current1 situation of insecurity by state.
Downward
9
Upward
8
Unchanged
State NATIONAL Aguascalientes Baja California
Baja California Sur Campeche Coahuila Colima Chiapas Chihuahua Mexico City Durango Guanajuato
Guerrero Hidalgo Jalisco State of Mexico Michoacán
State Insecurity (ENVIPE 2014)
State Insecurity (ENVIPE 2015)
Pct. Change (Δ %)
73.3
73.2
-0.1
49.1 53.7 39.3 58.9 78.5 56.9 62.1 75.2 77.6 73.5 64.8 78.9 65.5 68.0 92.6 82.0
43.2 53.2 61.8 53.7 74.9 56.5 54.6 73.6 78.5 68.0 64.8 86.8 62.1 69.6 90.6 79.8
-12.1 -0.8
State
Morelos /a
Nayarit
Nuevo León
-8.9
Oaxaca
-4.6
Puebla /a
-12.0
Querétaro Quintana Roo
-2.1
/a
San Luis Potosí
1.1
/a
Sinaloa
-7.5 0.0
Sonora /a
9.9
Tabasco
Tamaulipas
-5.2
/a
Tlaxcala
2.5
/a
Veracruz
-2.2 -2.7
State Insecurity (ENVIPE 2015)
Pct. Change (Δ %)
86.3 55.5 70.7 77.7 67.4 50.7 61.0 69.2 70.5 62.5 88.9 86.9 59.2 80.5 33.8 80.9
-3.1
/a
57.5
-0.6
State Insecurity (ENVIPE 2014)
15
Yucatán /a
Zacatecas
89.0 51.1 73.0 77.1 63.6 38.5 67.0 73.1 72.1 57.2 86.1 83.9 60.0 80.7 29.5 80.3
8.6
-3.1 0.8
/a /a /a
6.0 31.4 -8.9 -5.4 -2.2
/a
9.2 3.3
3.6 -1.3
/a
-0.2
/a
14.7 0.7
/a
1 Current estimation represents the period of March – April, 2015. /a According to hypothesis testing in these cases there is no significant statistical difference from the estimated level for the previous year. The margins of error of the estimates by state for 2014 are on average 3 percent, with a maximum error of up to 5
percent in 2 cases; and a minimum margin of error of 1 percent in 4 cases. For more details, see ENVIPE 2015 basic tables at www.inegi.org.mx.
Public Safety Perception by State 2015 (Percentage) Public perception regarding the current1 situation of insecurity by state.
1 Current
estimation represents the period of March – April, 2015.
Public Safety Perception by Metropolitan Area 2015 (Percentage) Public perception regarding the current1 situation of insecurity by Metropolitan Area.
1 Current
estimation represents the period of March – April, 2015.
Public Safety Perception and other factors Public perception regarding the current situation of insecurity by state and other factors.
State NATIONAL Aguascalientes Baja California Baja California Sur
Campeche Coahuila Colima Chiapas Chihuahua Mexico City
Durango Guanajuato Guerrero Hidalgo Jalisco State of Mexico
Michoacán /a
State Insecurity 2015 (%)
73.2 43.2 53.2 61.8 53.7 74.9 56.5 54.6 73.6 78.5 68.0 64.8 86.8 62.1 69.6 90.6 79.8
Victims 2014
(Rate per 100,000 population)
28,200 33,376 37,583 30,310 22,639 17,080 21,562 15,352 22,395 36,019 22,949 31,659 27,721 18,420 31,375 45,139 21,311
Deaths by Homicide 2014/a
Crimes carrying weapons 2014 (%)
Extortion Crimes 2014
16 4 21 12 9 15 20 9 46 12 17 14 48 7 13 17 20
48.6 17.6 26.2 25.7 23.7 51.7 22.6 34.1 34.6 58.7 29.3 33.8 43.7 31.3 33.7 69.1 24.8
9,850 7,252 13,723 6,238 5,271 1,413 10,510 5,092 6,081 12,356 9,007 7,787 18,399 5,967 9,952 17,802 10,052
(Rate per 100,000 population)
(Rate per 100,000 population)
State
State Insecurity
Morelos Nayarit Nuevo León Oaxaca Puebla Querétaro Quintana Roo San Luis Potosí
Sinaloa Sonora Tabasco Tamaulipas Tlaxcala Veracruz Yucatán Zacatecas
Vital Statistics. Deaths by homicide. INEGI. Preliminary figures to July 9th, 2015 and published in Press Release no. 276/15. July 20, 2015.
2015 (%)
86.3 55.5 70.7 77.7 67.4 50.7 61.0 69.2 70.5 62.5 88.9 86.9 59.2 80.5 33.8 80.9
Victims 2014
(Rate per 100,000 population)
29,647 22,052 24,250 20,061 23,741 25,660 28,638 25,873 22,063 24,246 24,759 23,339 26,012 17,208 22,860 22,924
Deaths by Homicide 2014/a
Crimes carrying weapons 2014 (%)
Extortion Crimes 2014
23 13 11 18 9 5 8 10 38 23 10 25 7 11 2 13
48.7 21.3 49.2 23.3 27.7 30.0 28.2 28.4 36.4 42.9 37.3 35.4 23.2 31.1 20.7 27.3
12,318 13,274 4,307 5,988 8,474 9,019 7,359 11,404 7,655 989 4,368 12,307 10,676 6,244 8,340 10,999
(Rate per 100,000 population)
(Rate per 100,000 population)
Public Safety Perception Nationwide, the place where the majority of people feels unsafe, with 81.3%, is at the ATMs placed on a public thoroughfare.
Note: Interviewed people might have given more than one answer.
Public Safety Perception 64.5% of the 18 years and older population identifies alcohol consumption on the public thoroughfare around their households, as the main criminal or antisocial behavior.
Note: Interviewed people might have given more than one answer.
Witnessing of criminal behavior 2015 Criminal or antisocial behavior identified by 18-years and older population around their households in 2015, by State.
State
NATIONAL
1st Most Frequent Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare
Baja California
Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare
Baja California Sur
Drug consumption
Aguascalientes
Campeche Coahuila Colima Chiapas Chihuahua Mexico CIty
Durango Guanajuato Guerrero Hidalgo Jalisco State of Mexico Michoacán
Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare
2nd Most Frequent
3rd Most Frequent
4th Most Frequent
5th Most Frequent
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Drug selling
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Gangs
Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Gangs
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Quarrel between neighbors
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Frequent firearm shots
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Piracy
Drug selling
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug selling
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Frequent firearm shots
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Piracy
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Gangs
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Frequent firearm shots
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Gangs
Witnessing of criminal behavior 2015 Criminal or antisocial behavior identified by 18-years and older population around their households in 2015, by State.
State
NATIONAL Morelos Nayarit
Nuevo León Oaxaca Puebla Querétaro Quintana Roo San Luis Potosí Sinaloa
Sonora Tabasco Tamaulipas Tlaxcala Veracruz Yucatán Zacatecas
1st Most Frequent Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare Drinking alcohol on the public thoroughfare
2nd Most Frequent
3rd Most Frequent
4th Most Frequent
5th Most Frequent
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Kidnappings
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Quarrel between neighbors
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Piracy
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Gangs
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Quarrel between neighbors
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Frequent firearm shots
Drug consumption
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug selling
Gangs
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Frequent firearm shots
Drug consumption
Drug selling
Frequent thefts and robberies
Gangs
Drug consumption
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Illegal sale of alcohol
Frequent thefts and robberies
Drug consumption
Gangs
Drug selling
Changes in Lifestyle In 2014, daily activities that the 18 years and older population stopped doing were Allowing children to go out and Wearing jewelry, with 67.9% and 64.8% respectively.
Note: Interviewed people might have given more than one answer.
Social Cohesion 18-years and older population who said that there is a problem in their community and their ability to agree on the solution. The problem most frequently faced by their communities are thefts and robberies, with 54.3% of population that expresses their existence. However, from this 54.3%, only 29.6% of the cases agreed to resolve.
Note 1: Interviewed people might have given more than one answer. Note 2: For each problem, the choice “Not specified if they were able to join and solve the problem” is excluded.
Social Cohesion The states with the highest and lowest social cohesion in the face of a problem. With higher social cohesion
With lower social cohesion
Note 1: Interviewed people might have given more than one answer. Note 2:The choice “Not specified if they agreed to solve the problem” is excluded in all cases.
Perception about Authorities’ Performance
Perception about Authorities’ Performance Level of trust in authorities in charge of public security, national security, prosecution and justice enforcement. 81.6% of the 18 years and older population identifies the Navy as the authority they trust the most, followed by the Army with 77.6 percent.
Perception about Authorities’ Performance Perception of corruption of authorities in charge of public safety, homeland security, public prosecution and justice enforcement. 77.9% of the 18 years and older population considers that the Traffic Police is corrupt, followed by the Municipal Police with 66.5%.
Perception about Authorities’ Performance Knowledge of society about actions taken to improve public safety in each municipality (Nationwide). 51.2% of the population identifies Street lighting improvements, followed by more police patrols and surveillance with 47.7%.
Vandalism
Prevalence of Vandalism on Households ENVIPE allows to estimate that 7.8% of the country’s households suffered from vandalism (graffiti, car scratches or another kind of vandalism) during 2014. This represents 2.5 millions of households with 3.8 millions of acts of vandalism associated with them, that leads to an average rate of 1.5 acts of vandalism per household affected (in 2013 this rate was 1.7).
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