Epidemiological study of CMS [PDF]

The Norwegian Veterinary. Institute. •. Britt Bang Jensen (Project manager. Cand.med.vet., PhD). •. Åse Helen Garse

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Idea Transcript


Epidemiological study of CMS An ongoing research project in Norway

Julie Christine Svendsen Photo credit: Johan Wildhagen

An outline of todays talk:     

Introduction A brief history of CMS Epidemiology Knowledge gaps Work packages

Introduction - Purpose and aims The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund  PMCV transmission routes and course of infection  Risk factors associated with PMCV infection and development of CMS  Summary of current state of knowledge  Form advice to limit the spread of PMCV and clinical outbreaks of CMS  Communicate knowledge ● Peer-reviewed articles ● Fact-sheet ● Workshops 

Participating partners •

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute • • • • •

• • • •



Britt Bang Jensen (Project manager. Cand.med.vet., PhD) Åse Helen Garseth (Cand.med.vet., PhD) Anja B. Kristoffersen (Dr. scient., senior researcher) Thijs Van Son (PhD) Camilla Fritsvold (Cand.med.vet., PhD-student)

Pharmaq analytic Marine Harvest Lerøy Midt Salmar Cermaq

A brief background of CMS     

Atlantic salmon Geographical distribution Infectious nature and viral etiology Sudden death or chronic manifestation Atlantic salmon in the second year of the sea water phase

Photo credit: Trygve Poppe

Epidemiology   

Transmission and reservoirs Descriptive epidemiology Analytic epidemiology

Transmission and reservoirs 

Vertical transmission ● Cannot be excluded.



Horizontal transmission ● Experimental challenge; Haugland, Mikaelsen et al. 2011 ● Genetic variation of PMCV in Norway; Wiik-Nielsen et al., 2013



Reservoirs ● Atlantic salmon ● Less likely: other marine species and wild Atlantic salmon ● More studies into: environment

Descriptive epidemiology Occurrence of PMCVvirus and CMS outbreaks in farms 

 

Majority in mid-Norway Seasonal variations

An overview of the occurrence of CMS outbreaks along the Norwegian coast, subdivided into counties, from 20062015 (Source: The fish health report 2015)



Occurrence of PMCV-virus and CMS outbreaks in hatcheries



”RNA may be transferred from the parental fish to the progeny, but whether RNA is contained in a viral particle is not known.” WiikNielsen et al., 2012.



Occurrence of PMCV in wild salmon



0,25% prevalence. Garseth et al., 2012.

Analytic epidemiology 

Risk of introducing virus ● Ongoing research ● Preventative husbandry practices



Risk of CMS outbreaks ● Lenght of time in the sea, increasing cohort size, infection pressure, CMS in previous cohorts. Bang Jensen et al., 2013. ● Stressful operations



CMS and other virus infections ● Viral co-infections: PMCV, SAV, PRV and ASCV. Wiik-Nielsen et al., 2016.

Knowledge gaps «The more you know, the more you know you don’t know» Aristotle

Knowledge gaps      

Infection pathways Triggers for disease Disease development Tissue tropism Biophysical qualities of the virus Economic consequences

Work packages     

WP1: Vertical transmission WP2: Disease development in the seawater phase WP3: Risk factors for infection with PMCV and development of CMS WP4: CMS review WP5: Possibilities for limiting CMS

WP1: 

 

Aim: ● Determine whether PMCV is transmitted vertically from broodfish to hatcheries, and then follows the smolt into the seawater phase. Method: ● Testing of broodfish and offspring Current status: ● Sampling almost concluded  analysis and communication

WP2: 





Aim: ● Map the course of a PMCV infection in the sea phase. Method: ● Smoltgroups are sampled before stocking, and then on regular intervals until harvest. High risk vs. low risk sites. Current status: ● Sampling is ongoing, and will continue until the last fish groups are harvested

WP3: Aim: ● To determine risk factors for infection with PMCV, as well as risk factors for developing clinical CMS.  Method: ● Historical data 

 All 4 companies, all groups of fish from spring 2012 – fall 2013.  Information: origin, feed, vaccines, growth, wegiht, number, handling, diseased, mortality, environmental factors, cleaner fish, locality-related factors.

● New data  Fall 2016 and spring 2017  Hitra, Nordmøre and Finnmark  Sampling after stocking, at 12 months and at harvest 

Current status: ● New data: follow sites. Historical data: gathering and analysis.

WP4: 





Aim: ● Review of knowledge on PMCV and CMS, with focus on epidemiology and disease development. Method: ● Google, pubmed., etc., and gather unpublished knowledge Current status:  First draft for the english review  Make a norwegian report  Complete review – aim to publish

WP5: 





Aim: ● To provide advice on available opportunities for limiting the spread of PMCV and clinical outbreaks of CMS Method: ● Presentations ● Workshops ● Seimnars ● Publising Current status: ● Planning first workshop on vertical transmission in march 2017

Thank you for your kind attention!

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