ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING [PDF]

Proses Sejatpeluhan (ET) mewakili sebahagian besar dalam sesebuah kitaran hidrologi dan diambil kira sebagai parameter p

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Idea Transcript


ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING REMOTE SENSING DATA IN ARID AREAS

AYOUB AHMED ABDULLAH ALMHAB

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Remote Sensing)

Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

JANUARY 2009

ABSTRACT

Evapotranspiration (ET) constitutes a large portion of the hydrologic cycle and considered as the important parameter in the water budget in the arid areas. Measurement of the water vapour cycle of the land surface is crucial in improving the management of the limited fresh water resources. This study investigates the possibilities of generating a new algorithm for estimating ET in the arid mountainous areas. The modified SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) was developed based on original SEBAL algorithm produced by Bastiaanssen in 1995. A new modified SEBAL is developed to compute ET in three areas. Operational modified SEBAL model estimates ET of mountain areas of Sana’a basin in Yemen using Remote Sensing data from various sensors and appropriate meteorological data. Validation of ET calculated by modified SEBAL model at a local scale was performed by comparing it with several ET estimated using other methods. Generated in this study are, almost all of the model parameters which covers: surface albedo estimation, estimated Leaf area index (LAI) by remote sensing data analyses, effect of elevation on surface temperature, ground heat flux estimation, impact of surface roughness, the estimated of sensible heat flux, windspeed and surface temperature relation and the correction of near surface air temperature difference (dT) in modified SEBAL. The fusion of ET derived from Landsat images and ET derived from NOAA-AVHRR images was also done. Application of modified SEBAL at a regional scale was performed using Landsat TM and NOAA-AVHRR imagery for the Sana’a basin, Yemen. The results indicated that modified SEBAL performed well for predicting daily and monthly ET for mountainous agricultural areas. Some results were obtained for volcanic areas, basalt areas, desert areas and also arid coastal areas, using prediction of surface parameters. Regional decision support system for ET was done in order to select the best or most suitable ET method, finally the proposed model for regional water balance shows good result for monthly data.

ABSTRAK

Proses Sejatpeluhan (ET) mewakili sebahagian besar dalam sesebuah kitaran hidrologi dan diambil kira sebagai parameter penting bagi menghitung kandungan sumber air di kawasan kering. Hitungan terhadap kitaran proses sejatan air di permukaan tanah adalah sangat penting bagi meningkatkan pengurusan sumber air semula jadi yang semakin terhad. Penyelidikan ini tertumpu kepada kemungkinan penghasilan algoritma baru bagi menganggar jumlah ET di kawasan pergunungan kering. Model SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) yang dibangunkan oleh Bastiaanssen pada tahun 1995 telah diubah suai bagi menghitung ET pada tiga kawasan berasingan. Model SEBAL yang telah diubah suai bagi meng anggarkan jumlah ET di kawasan pergunungan lembangan Sana’a, Yemen menggunakan imej data Remote Sensing menerusi pelbagai penderia dan data meteorologi yang bersesuaian. Penilaian terhadap model SEBAL yang diubah suai adalah melalui perbandingan beberapa kaedah penganggaran ET pada skala tempatan. Hasil analisis penyelidikan ini meliputi hampir keseluruhan parameter model melibatkan anggaran permukaan albedo, anggaran indeks keluaran permukaan daun (LAI) menerusi penganalisaan data Remote Sensing, kesan ketinggian terhadap suhu permukaan tanah, anggaran aliran haba di permukaan tanah, kesan kawasan permukaan kekasaran, anggaran menggunakan kaedah penilaian haba, hubungkait antara kelajuan angin dengan suhu permukaan tanah dan ketepatan perbezaan suhu udara (dT) berhampiran permukaan tanah melalui penggunaan model SEBAL yang diubah suai. Penggabungan ET dari imej Landsat dan NOAA-AVHRR juga telah dibuat. Aplikasi penggunaan model SEBAL yang diubah suai dijalankan pada skala serantau merangkumi lembangan Sana’a, Yemen menggunakan imej dari Landsat TM dan NOAA-AVHRR. Keseluruhan analisis penyelidikan ini mendapati model SEBAL yang diubah suai memberikan hasil yang baik bagi menganggar jumlah ET berpandukan tempoh sela masa secara harian dan bulanan merangkumi kawasan pertanian di pergunungan. Beberapa hasil analisis juga diperolehi dari kawasan gunung berapi, kawasan berbatuan padat, kawasan gurun dan kawasan kering persisiran pantai menerusi anggaran parameter dipermukaan tanah. Sistem Sokongan Pembuatan Keputusan (DSS) serantau bagi pengukuran ET telah dibangunkan untuk memilih kaedah pengukuran ET yang paling baik dan bersesuaian. Model yang telah dicadangkan juga menampakkan hasil analisis yang baik bagi keseimbangan kandungan sumber air serantau menerusi data tempoh sela masa secara bulanan.

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