EVALUATION OF CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE AND ... - UMT [PDF]

Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of. Science in the School of Fisheries and A

32 downloads 12 Views 147KB Size

Recommend Stories


UMT Balances
Sorrow prepares you for joy. It violently sweeps everything out of your house, so that new joy can find

Comparative evaluation of bacterial cellulose (nata) as a ... [PDF]
Nata or bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum was compared for its cryoprotective and carrier support ... vidual lactic acid bacteria were grown in MRS broth in the presence of nata cubes or the bacterial suspension mixed with ..... tio

UMT AMT 125
Come let us be friends for once. Let us make life easy on us. Let us be loved ones and lovers. The earth

Effect of microcrystal cellulose and cellulose whisker on biocompatibility of cellulose-based
Love only grows by sharing. You can only have more for yourself by giving it away to others. Brian

Micro and nanofibrillated cellulose
Knock, And He'll open the door. Vanish, And He'll make you shine like the sun. Fall, And He'll raise

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Immobilized Cellulose Tris(3,5-Dichlorophenylcarbamate)
In the end only three things matter: how much you loved, how gently you lived, and how gracefully you

Evaluation of the Nanostructure of Pectin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Pears of
You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them. Michael Jordan

Enzymatic depolymerisation of cellulose
The wound is the place where the Light enters you. Rumi

Banco de Sangre y UMT
Life isn't about getting and having, it's about giving and being. Kevin Kruse

Sulfonated cellulose and method of preparation
Never wish them pain. That's not who you are. If they caused you pain, they must have pain inside. Wish

Idea Transcript


EVALUATION OF CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE AND ALPHA CELLULOSE AS DIETARY INGREDIENTS FOR RED HYBRID TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.)

ADRIS MOHAMED MASOUD MANSOUR

MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

2016

EVALUATION OF CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE AND ALPHA CELLULOSE AS DIETAEY INGREDIENTS FOR RED HYBRID TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.)

ADRIS MOHAMED MASOUD MANSOUR

Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 2016

DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved parents and family for the endless support.

i

Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science EVALUATION OF CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE AND ALPHA CELLULOSE AS DIETARY INGREDIENTS FOR RED HYBRID TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.)

ADRIS MOHAMED MASOUD MANSOUR August 2016 Main Supervisor

: Professor Abol Munafi Bin Ambok Bolong, Ph.D

Co-Supervisor

: Noordiyana Binti Mat Noordin, Ph.D

School

: School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alpha cellulose (α-cellulose) as a feed ingredient in diets of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The objectives of present study are to formulate diets at concentration (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) of CMC and α-cellulose respectively in the red hybrid tilapia diets. Meanwhile, to examine their stability in water, beside to determine their apparent digestibility coefficients by the fish. Dietary effects of CMC and α-cellulose diets on growth parameters, and body compositions of red hybrid tilapia were also evaluated. A total of 1050 red hybrid tilapia were fed with one control diet and six test diets, three diets have (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) of CMC and the other three have (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) of α-cellulose, which acted as carbohydrate sources with wheat flour and corn starch. The diets also contain 36 % of fish meal, ii

36 % soybean meal as protein sources, 5.5 % of fish oil as lipid source and 1 % of mineral mixture as mineral source. The experimental fish were divided into three groups. The first group as a control group with 150 fingerlings, the other two groups (CMC and α-cellulose) were the treatments, with 450 fingerlings in each group. Each group was triplicate of 50 fingerlings per replicate. The fish were reared in a closed system using 21 fibreglass tanks and fed with the test diets twice a day for 12 weeks. The water stability test showed that CMC at 15 concentrations in diet was the most stable in water in all different times. In the contrast, α-CEL at 5 concentrationsin diet was the most stable in water among α-cellulose diets in all different times. The analysis of fish growth parameters, survival, and feed utilization revealed that 10 % of CMC and α-Cellulose diets were significantly the most optimal in terms of condition factor, feed conversion ratio and growth which includes final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, mean weight gain and survival rate. The fish initial weight showed no significant difference among the experimental diets. The survival rate in fish fed with CMC diets also showed no significant difference. The analysis of whole fish body that fed with CMC and α-cellulose diets showed that 10 % level was significantly the best in achieving higher content of crude protein and crude lipid in fish body. The findings from apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, lipid, ash and gross energy in all experimental diets, showed that the fish digested dry matter, protein, lipid, ash and gross energy more efficiently when fed with 10 % of CMC and α-cellulose diets, which indicated that inclusion of 10 % CMC and αcellulose in the diets were the best level used in this study in terms of digestibility. Hence, the 10 % of both CMC and α-cellulose were the best diets for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).

iii

Abstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Malaysia Terengganu sebagai memenuhi keperluan untuk ijazah Sarjana Sains.

PENILAIAN SELULOSA KARBOKSIMETIL DAN ALFA SELULOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN-BAHAN MAKANAN UNTUK IKAN TILAPIA MERAH HIBRID (Oreochromis sp.)

ADRIS MOHAMED MASOUD MANSOUR

Ogos 2016

Penyelia Utama

: Profesor Abol Munafi Bin Ambok Bolong, Ph.D

Penyelia Bersama

: Noordiyana Binti Mat Noordin, Ph.D

Pusat Pengajian

: Pusat Pengajian Sains Perikanan dan Akuakultur

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian selulosa (CMC) dan alfa selulosa (α-selulosa) sebagai bahan-bahan makanan dalam diet tilapia hibrid merah (Oreochromis sp.). Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan diet dengan kemasukan tahap-tahap kepekatan (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %) CMC dan α-selulosa yang berbeza di dalam diet hibrid tilapia merah. Dalam pada masa yang sama, untuk menguji kestabilannya dalam air selain menentukan pekali penghadaman oleh ikan. Kesan diet CMC dan α-selulosa terhadap parameter pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan tilapia hibrid merah juga telah dinilai. Sebanyak 1050 tilapia hibrid merah telah diberi makan dengan satu diet kawalan dan enam ujian diet dan tiga diet mengandungi (5 %, 10 % dan 15 %) CMC dan tiga yang lain mempunyai (5 %, 10 % iv

dan 15 %) α-selulosa yang bertindak sebagai sumber karbohidrat dengan tepung gandum dan tepung jagung. Diet tersebut juga mengandungi 36 % makanan ikan, 36 % kacang soya sebagai sumber protein, ia juga mengandungi 5.5 % minyak ikan sebagai sumber lipid dan 1 % daripada campuran mineral sebagai sumber mineral. Eksperimental ikan telah dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan. Kumpulan yang pertama adalah kumpulan kawalan dengan 150 rega, dua kumpulan yang lain (CMC dan α-selulosa) adalah kumpulan rawatan, dengan 450 rega dalam setiap kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan mempunyai 3 replikasi kali menggunakan 50 rega setiap replikasi. Ikan-ikan dipelihara dalam sistem tertutup menggunakan 21 tangki gentian kaca dan diberi makan dengan ujian diet sebanyak dua kali dalam sehari selama 12 minggu. Ujian kestabilan air menunjukkan bahawa diet CMC pada kepekatan 15 % adalah yang paling stabil dalam air di semua masa yang berbeza. Sebaliknya, diet α-selulosa pada kepekatan 5 % adalah yang paling stabil di dalam air berbanding α-selulosa yang lain didalam masa-masa yang berbeza. Analisis parameter pertumbuhan ikan, kelangsungan hidup dan data penggunaan makanan menunjukkan 10 % daripada CMC dan diet α-selulosa adalah yang paling optimum dari segi faktor keadaan, nisbah penukaran makanan dan pertumbuhan termasuklah berat akhir, penambahan berat, kadar pertumbuhan spesifik, purata penambahan berat badan dan kadar kelangsungan hidup. Berat awal ikan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan antara diet-diet eksperimen. Kadar kelangsungan hidup ikan yang diberi makan dengan diet CMC juga menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan. Analisis keseluruhan badan ikan yang diberi makan dengan diet CMC dan α-selulosa menunjukkan bahawa tahap 10 % adalah yang terbaik dalam mencapai lebih tinggi kandungan protein mentah dan lipid mentah di dalam badan ikan. Penemuan daripada pekali penghadaman protein, lipid, abu dan tenaga kasar dalam semua eksperimen analisis v

diet, menunjukkan bahawa ikan mencerna bahan kering, protin, lipid, abu dan tenaga kasar dengan lebih cekap apabila diberi makan dengan 10 % daripada CMC dan αselulosa dalam diet, dimana menunjukkan bahawa kemasukan 10 % daripada CMC dan α-selulosa dalam diet adalah tahap yang terbaik di antara tahap yang digunakan dalam kajian ini dari segi penghadaman. Oleh hal yang demikian, keputusan keseluruhan menunjukkan 10 % daripada kedua-dua CMC dan α-selulosa merupakan diet yang terbaik untuk tilapia hibrid merah (Oreochromis sp.).

vi

Smile Life

When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile

Get in touch

© Copyright 2015 - 2024 PDFFOX.COM - All rights reserved.