Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases [PDF]

Mar 14, 2018 - Quy-Toan Do, Shareen Joshi, Samuel Stolper. PII: S0304-3878(18)30205-0. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.03.00

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Idea Transcript


Accepted Manuscript Can environmental policy reduce infant mortality? Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases Quy-Toan Do, Shareen Joshi, Samuel Stolper PII:

S0304-3878(18)30205-0

DOI:

10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.03.001

Reference:

DEVEC 2211

To appear in:

Journal of Development Economics

Received Date: 20 September 2016 Revised Date:

24 February 2018

Accepted Date: 13 March 2018

Please cite this article as: Do, Q.-T., Joshi, S., Stolper, S., Can environmental policy reduce infant mortality? Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases, Journal of Development Economics (2018), doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.03.001. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Can Environmental Policy Reduce Infant Mortality? ∗

RI PT

Evidence from the Ganga Pollution Cases Shareen Joshi

Samuel Stolper

World Bank

Georgetown University

University of Michigan

March 14, 2018

M AN U

Abstract

SC

Quy-Toan Do

In many developing countries, environmental quality remains low and policies to improve it have been inconsistently effective. We conduct a case study of environmental policy in India, focusing on unprecedented Supreme Court rulings that targeted industrial pollution in the Ganga River. In a difference-in-differences framework, we find that the rulings precipitated reductions in river pollution and one-month infant mortality, both of which persist for more than a decade.

D

We then estimate a pollution-mortality dose-response function across twenty-nine rivers in the Ganga Basin, instrumenting for pollution with its upstream counterpart. The estimation reveals

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a significant external health burden of river pollution, not just in the district of measurement, but also on downstream communities. It further provides suggestive evidence that reducing pollution

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was an important driver behind declines in infant mortality observed after the rulings.

Keywords: environmental policy, development, pollution, infant mortality.

AC C

JEL Codes: Q53, Q56, C36

∗ We are grateful to Prashant Bharadwaj, Jishnu Das, Ram Fishman, Garance Genicot, Mark Giordano, Susan Godlonton, Rema Hanna, Hanan Jacoby, Remi Jedwab, Guido Kuersteiner, Shomik Lall, Arik Levinson, Rohini Pande, Martin Rama, Martin Ravallion, John Rust, Simone Schaner, George Shambaugh, Shinsuke Tanaka, and Jennifer Tobin for useful comments. Many thanks to Mr. Jairam Ramesh and Mr. M.C. Mehta for helpful discussions. Thank you as well to Michael Greenstone and Rema Hanna for sharing their pollution data, to Sam Asher and Paul Novosad for sharing their weather data, and to Shreya Shah for valuable qualitative research. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.

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‫‪Articl‬‬ ‫‪ISI‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫در اﺟﺮای‬

‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ رخ داده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑـــــﺎ ﺳــــــﻼم ﻣﺘﺄﺳــــــﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸـــــــــــــــــــــﮑﻠﯽ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮای درﺧــﻮاﺳﺖ ﺷــﻤﺎ‬ ‫رخ داده اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑـــﺎ ران ﻣـــﺎ د ر ﺣـــﺎ ل ﺗﻼــش ﺑﺮای رﻓــﻊ اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻔــْﺎ د رﺧــﻮا ﺳﺖ ﺧـﻮد را د ر ﺳﺎﻋــﺎ ت دﯾﮕﺮی‬ ‫ﻣﺠـــﺪدْا ﺗﮑﺮا ر ﻓﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿــﺪ و اﮔﺮ ﺑــﺎ ز ﻫــﻢ ﺑــﺎ اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﮑﻞ رو ﺑﻪ رو ﺷﺪﯾـﺪ‪ ،‬ا ز ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮم ﺗﻤﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﻃﻼ ع دﻫﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮای ﯾـــــﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻄﻠـــــﺐ ﻣـــــﻮ رد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧـــــﻮد ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﺪ ا ز روش ﻫﺎی ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮی زﯾﺮ ا ﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﺴــــــــــــﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﯿــــــــــــﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮای ﺟﺴ ﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣ ﯿ ﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋ ﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻋ ﺒ ﺎرت ﺧﻮد را در ﻓ ﯿﻠـﺪ زﯾﺮ ﺑ ﻨﻮﯾﺴـ ﯿﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫ ﺎی ﻣﺮﺗ ﺒﻂ در درﺧﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑ ﺎ‬ ‫رﻧﮓ ﻣ ﺘﻤ ﺎﯾﺰی ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣ ﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴ ﺘﺠﻮ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺴــــــــــــﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﯿــــــــــــﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﻣــﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷـــﻤ ﺎ در ﻟ ﯿﺴــﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋ ﺎت اﺻﻠ ﯽ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪا ﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺎ ا ﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎده‬ ‫از ﻓ ﯿﻠـــﺪ زﯾﺮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧ ﯿـــﺪ آن را در ﺑ ﯿـــﻦ ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻘ ﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻫ ﺎی ﺳ ﺎﯾﺖ ﺟﺴ ﺘﺠﻮ ﻓﺮﻣ ﺎﯾ ﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴ ﺘﺠﻮ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬

‫ﻟﯿ ﺴ ﺖ‬ ‫درﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻫﯿﻮرﯾﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری و ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫رو ش ﻫﺎ ی آ ﻣﺎ ر ی‬

‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻣﻮر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ دوﻟﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ واﺣﺪ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎ ران ﻣﺎ د ر واﺣﺪ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ دا رﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤـــــﺎﻣﯽ د رﺧــــﻮا ﺳﺖ ﻫـــــﺎی ﺷـــــﻤﺎ ﻋﺰﯾﺰان را‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ر ﺳـــﯽ ﻧﻤــﻮده و د ر ا ﺳــﺮ ع وﻗــﺖ ر ﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﺧﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ا ز ﺧﺮﯾــــﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻘــــﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾـــﮏ ﮐــــﺪ رﻫﮕﯿﺮی‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ ا ﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ا ز آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﯿـﺪ وﺿــﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﻓﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺪ رﻫﮕﯿﺮی‬ ‫ارﺳﺎل‬

‫ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـــﺎ ﺛﺒـــﺖ ﮐـــﺪ رﻫﮕﯿﺮی ﭘﺮداﺧــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗـــﻮاﻧﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻔـﺎ رش ﺧـﻮد را ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﻧﻤـﻮده و ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫اﺗﻤـــﺎم ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﯾـــﻞ ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﻪ ﻣﻘــﺎﻟﻪ ﺧــﻮد را‬ ‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺪ رﻫﮕﯿﺮی‬ ‫ارﺳﺎل‬

‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺮای »ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ ت ‪ ISI‬د ر‬ ‫اﯾﺮان« ﻣﺤﻔﻮ ظ ا ﺳﺖ‬

‫‪‬‬

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