Flashcards - Anatomy and Physiology - FreezingBlue.com [PDF]

Apr 7, 2010 - Release of acetylcholine - Nerve impulse arrives at axon terminal of motor triggers a release of acetylcho

6 downloads 21 Views 38KB Size

Recommend Stories


[PDF]Read Anatomy and Physiology
Suffering is a gift. In it is hidden mercy. Rumi

PDF EZ Anatomy and Physiology
You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them. Michael Jordan

[PDF] Download Anatomy Physiology
Love only grows by sharing. You can only have more for yourself by giving it away to others. Brian

Skin Anatomy and Physiology
Suffering is a gift. In it is hidden mercy. Rumi

Honors Anatomy and Physiology
The butterfly counts not months but moments, and has time enough. Rabindranath Tagore

Equine Anatomy and Physiology
Knock, And He'll open the door. Vanish, And He'll make you shine like the sun. Fall, And He'll raise

Human Anatomy and Physiology
Don’t grieve. Anything you lose comes round in another form. Rumi

Anatomy and Physiology
At the end of your life, you will never regret not having passed one more test, not winning one more

Anatomy and Physiology Honors
You often feel tired, not because you've done too much, but because you've done too little of what sparks

[PDF] Anatomy Physiology Coloring Workbook
This being human is a guest house. Every morning is a new arrival. A joy, a depression, a meanness,

Idea Transcript


Home (/) / Flashcards (./) / Preview

Anatomy and Physiology The flashcards below were created by user Anonymous (./?page=browse&user=-1) on FreezingBlue Flashcards. Quiz 1.









iOS

Android





neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract; threadlike ason that entends from the brain or spinal cord to a group of skeletal muscle fiber

synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber where muscle action potentials arise neuromuscular junction

3.

a region where comunication occurs between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell (between a somatic motor neron and a muscle fiber) synapse

4.

small gap at most synapses that separates two cells which makes it necessary for the first cell to release a chemical called nerotransmitter to communicate with the second synaptic cleft

5.

communicates with cells as it is released and travels to the next neurotransmitter

6.

located at the NMJ, the end of the motor neuron, called the __________, divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs axon terminal

7.

contains thousands of molecules of acetylcholine; 100's of membrane-enclosed sacs suspend in the cytsol within each synaptic end bulb synaptic vesicles

8.

abbreviated ACh, the neurotransmitter released at the NMJ actylcholine

9.

region of the sarcolemma opposite the synaptic end bulbs; muscle fiber part of the NMJ motor end plate

10.

integral transmembrane proteins that bind specifically to ACh;30-40 million found within each motor end plate; abundant in junctional folds; ligand-gated ion channels acetylcholine receptors

11.

Nerve impuls elcits a muscle action potential in the following way Release of acetylcholine Activation of ACh receptors Production of muscle action potential Termination of ACh activity

12.

first step of nerve impulse (nerve action potential) Release of acetylcholine - Nerve impulse arrives at axon terminal of motor triggers a release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicle of the synaptic end bulb. ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft (space) between motor neuron and motor end plate

13.

second step of nerve impulse eliciting a muscle action potential Activation of ACh receptors - binding of two ACh molecules to the receptor on the motor end plate opening an ion channel in the ACh receptor; Na+ flow across the membrane

14.

third step of a nerve impulse eliciting a muscle action potential Production of muscle action potential - inflow of Na+ down electrochimical gradient results in inside of muscle fiber more positively charged; triggers a muscle action potential; muscle action propagates along sarcolemma into the T tubule system; causes sarcoplasmic reticulum to release it stored Ca ++ into sarcoplasm resulting in contraction

15.

forth step of nerve impulse eliciting a muscle action potential in the following way termination of ACh activity - acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme attached to collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of the synaptic cleft that breaks down into acetyl and choline to prevent activation of ACh receptor. Breakdown occurs when action potentials in the motor neuron cease and ACh is no longer released thus ending the production of muscle action potentials preventing further contraction of the muscle fiber.

16.

ATP is used for what purposes in muscle fibers contraction cycle pump Ca++ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum metabolic reactions involved in muscle contraction

17.

three ways the muscle fiber produce ATP creatine phosphate anaerobic cellular respiration aerobic cellular respiration

18.

excess ATP made during the resting stage of relaxed muscle is used to create _________, which is an energy rich molecule that is found only in muscle fibers creatine phosphate

19.

catalyzes the transfer of one of the hight-energy phosphate groups from ATP to creatine forming creatine phosphate and ADP creatine kinase

20.

small, amino acid-like molecule that is synthesized in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas and transported to muscle fibers creatine

21.

ATP producing reactions that do not require oxygen; utilized when creatine phosphate is depleted; involves the catabolism of glucose to generate ATP; glycolysis anaerobic cellular respiration

22.

10 reactions resulting inthe break down of glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid; use two ATP molecules to make four ATP glycolysis

23.

in anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted into ________ in the cytosol. _________ then diffuses our of the skeletal system into the blood where liver cells can convert some of it into glucose. Helps to reduce the acidity of the blood. lactid acid

24.

a series of oxygen-requiring reactions that produce ATP in mitochondria; pyruvic acid enters mitochondria where it is completely oxidized in reactions that generate ATP, CO2, and water and hear; yields 36 molecules of ATP aerobic respiration

25.

sources of oxygen for aerobic respiration in muscle tissue oxygen that diffuses into mucsle fibers from the blood oxygen released by myoglobin within muscle fibers

26.

binds oxygen when it is plentiful and releases it when it is scarce hemoglobin (in the RBC) and myoglobin (muscle)

27.

nutrients used for aerobic respiration pyruvic acid form glycolysis of glucose fatty acids from breakdown of triglycerides in adipose cells amino acids from the breakdown of proteins

28.

inability of a muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity muscle fatigue

29.

feeeling of tiredness and the disre to cease activity that is cuased by changes in the central nervous system; perhaps protective central fatigue

30.

factors thought to contribute to fatigue inadequate release of calcium ions from the SR depletion of creatine phosphate insuficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen and other nutrients failure of actin potentials

31.

refers to added oxygen, over and above the resting consupmtion of oxygen, that is taken into the body after exercise oxygen debt

32.

three ways extra oxygen is used to pay back or restore metabolic conditions to the resting level convert lactic acid back into glycogen stores in the liver resynthesize creatine phosphate and ATP in muscle fibers replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin

33.

the force or tension that a single mucle fiber can produce depends.... on the rate at which nerve impulses arrive at the neuromuscular junction

34.

number of impulses per second frequency of stimulation

35.

the total tension a whole muscle can produce depends on the .... number of muscle fibers that are contractin in unison

36.

consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates motor unit *a single somatic motor neuron makes contact with an average of 150 skeletal muscle fibers which contract in unison

37.

the brief contaction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron twitch contraction

38.

record of muscle contraction myogram

39.

briedf delay occurs between application of the stimulus and the beginning of contraction wich last about two milliseconds; muscle action potential sweeps over the sarcolemma and calcium ions are released from the sacrcoplasmic reticulum latent period

40.

last 10-100 msec; calcium binds to troponin, myosinbinding sites on actin are exposed and creossbridges form; peak tension occurs in the muscle fiber contaction period

41.

lasting 10-100 msec, Ca++ is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, myosin binding sites are covered by tropomyosin, myosin head detach from actin, and tension in the muscle fiber decreases relaxation period

42.

if two stimuli are appled, one right before the other, the muscle will respond to the first stimulus but not to the second. the muscle loses its excitability and cannot respond for a time refractory period

43.

skeletal muscle has a _______ refractory period while carciac muscle has a _____ regractory period shorter; longer

44.

the phenomenon where stimuli arriving at different times cause larger contraction is called ______. occurs when additional Ca++ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by subsequent stimul while the levels of Ca++ in the sarcoplasm are still elevated from the first stimulus. wave summation

45.

sustained but wavering contraction unfused tetanus

46.

Anonymous (./?page=browse&user=-1)

ID:

13524 (./? page=browse&search=13524&searchType=2)

Card Set:

Anatomy and Physiology (./? page=browse&search=13524&searchType=2)

More

somatic motor neurons

2.

Author:

80-100 stimulations per second where the muscle does not relax at all fused tetanus

Home (/) / Flashcards (./) / Preview

Updated: Tags:

Muscle Tissue Brady

Description:

Muscle Tissue Part 2

Show Answers:

Smile Life

When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile

Get in touch

© Copyright 2015 - 2024 PDFFOX.COM - All rights reserved.