Idea Transcript
Floods and Water Quality
A short history
http://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/wpcontent/uploads/sites/193/2015/08/HuntsvilleComposite.png
When Earth was created 4.5 billion years ago, it was a pile of fire ball with no water
It is believed that the source of water is one type of asteroids called carbonaceous chondrites that came to Earth few billion years ago
Then where did the water Now the Earth has 70% water!!
come from??
Gujba meteorite, a bencubbinite found in Nigeria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous_chondrite#/medi a/File:Gujba_meteorite,_bencubbinite_(14785860604).jpg
A short history
AND even today!!
Same water drunk by the builders of the pyramids in Egypt 4000 years ago
Or by Julius Caesar 2000 years ago
The time of Homininae 8 million years ago…
Being used by 7 billion people of the world
Again, this will be the exact same water that will exist in Earth until her last day
http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/primat es/images/Sahelanthropus.jpg
So think about this!! http://www.dinosaurfact.net/backgrounds.php
This is the exact same water that existed during….
The time of Dinosaur 65 million years ago…
As day by day, more people are/will be using the same amount of water…
More process is being involved…
We need to think more about the problems we find with water and water pollution…
Uses and problems of Water Hydroelectric power
Snowpack
Floods
River flow
Agriculture Draught
Habitat Delta Life Ground Water Water Quality Water Use
http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/tmp6721.jpg
Natural Water Cycle
Cities next to water bodies ADVANTAGES • Economically: water transportation (rivers, canal and sea/ocean) • Sustainability: Fresh/drinkable water and food (fish and others), waste disposal (sanitary needs)
Water Cycle in Urban Areas
…but things get messy sometimes!
Lech river flood, Germany: June 2, 2013
Coimbra flood: 11 January, 2016
Prague flood: June 3, 2013
Flood Hazard in the Netherlands
Flood at the Dutch Coast: 31 January – 1 February 1953 Caused by storm surge Death toll: 2,551 killed (1,836 in the Netherlands) Property damage: 9% of total Dutch farmland flooded, 30,000 animals drowned, 47,300 buildings damaged of which 10,000 destroyed
Flood Hazard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Europe
http://www.floodsite.net/juniorfloodsite/html/en/student/thingstoknow/hydrology/floodtypes.html
Reasons of floods Flooding occurs most commonly from • Heavy rainfall: (Volume, spatial distribution, intensity and duration of rainfall) • Dam failure (triggered for example by an earthquake) or Dyke breaching • Reduction of capacity of the watercourse (may be due to unplanned urbanization) • Drainage congestion (clogging of urban drain or sedimentation in the downstream river) • Ground cover, topography (main cause of urban flooding) • Tidal influences • In coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone or tsunami
Can we stop flooding
It is not possible to stop raining! What we can do is protecting ourselves by Flood Management
Flood management • Source control to reduce runoff (permeable pavements, afforestation, artificial recharge); • Storage of runoff (wetlands, detention basins, reservoirs); • Capacity enhancement of rivers (bypass channels, channel deepening or widening); • Separation of rivers and populations (land use control, dikes, flood proofing, zoning, house raising); • Emergency management during floods (flood warnings, emergency works to raise or strengthen dikes, flood proofing, evacuation); and • Flood recovery (counselling, compensation or insurance). Krystian Pilarczyk, http://www.slideshare.net/Pilarczyk/flood-protection-and-managementnl?qid=ad07cc89-621b-40ee-9d44-6ab08d8cfd73&v=default&b=&from_search=11
Flood management examples
Storm warning system
Retention tank
Shorten river length
Storm surge barrier
Mount Morris Dam
Dyke construction
Green pavement
What is water quality • Ability of a water body to support all appropriate beneficial uses.
What is water quality • Chemical NO3
NH4
• Physical-chemical
• Biological
Sources of water pollution Point Source • Specific source, like a pipe • Factories, industry, sewage treatment plant • Possibility to monitor and control by a permit system
Nonpoint Source • Associated with stormwater or runoff • Cannot be traced to a direct discharge point such as wastewater treatment facility • Examples: Oil & grease from cars Fertilizers Animal waste Grass clippings
Septic systems
Sewage & cleaners from boats Household cleaning products Litter
What is water pollution • Anthropogenic
What is water pollution • Natural phenomena
Effect of Extreme Rainfall on Water Quality
Thank You!
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 607000