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100 Gangguan Yang Sering Dikaitkan Dengan Penyakit Auto Imun Posted on Juni 10, 2016
by The Doctor Indonesia
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· (https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/wp-1465518177554.jpg) Gangguan atau penyakit Auto imun adalah kegagalan suatu organisme untuk mengenali bagian dari dirinya sendiri sebagai bagian dari dirinya, yang membuat respon kekebalan melawan sel dan jaringan miliknya sendiri. Beberapa penyakit yang dihasilkan dari kelainan respon kekebalan ini dinamakan penyakit autoimun. Contohnya meliputi penyakit Coeliac, diabetes melitus tipe 1, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Scleroderma dan rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Kesalahan yang menyebabkan sistem kekebalan melawan suatu individu yang seharusnya dilindunginya bukanlah hal yang baru. Paul Ehrlich pada awal abad ke 20 mengajukan konsep horror autotoxicus, di mana jaringan suatu organisme dimakan oleh sistem kekebalannya sendiri. Semua respon autoimun dulunya dipercaya sebagai hal yang abnormal dan dikaitkan dengan suatu kelainan. Namun saat ini diketahui bahwa respon autoimun adalah bagian terpisah dari sistem kekebalan vertebrata, umumnya untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit yang disebabkan oleh toleransi imunologikal terhadap antigen milik sendiri. Autoimunitas berbeda dengan aloimunitas.
Sistem imun tubuh kita telah berkembang sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu mengenal setiap antigen asing dan membedakannya dengan struktur antigen diri (self antigen), tetapi dapat saja timbul gangguan terhadap kemampuan pengenalan tersebut sehingga terjadi respons imun terhadap antigen diri yang dianggap asing. Respons imun yang disebut autoimunitas tersebut dapat berupa respons (https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/wp-1465517781682.jpg)
Autoimunitas sebetulnya bersifat protektif, yaitu sebagai sarana pembuangan berbagai produk akibat kerusakan sel atau jaringan. Autoantibodi mengikat produk itu diikuti dengan proses eliminasi. Autoantibodi dan respons imun selular terhadap antigen diri tidak selalu menimbulkan penyakit. Penyakit autoimun merupakan kerusakan jaringan atau gangguan fungsi fisologik akibat respons autoimun. Perbedaan ini menjadi penting karena respons autoimun dapat terjadi tanpa penyakit atau pada penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mekanisme lain (seperti infeksi). Oleh karena itu, istilah penyakit autoimun yang berkonotasi patologik ditujukan untuk keadaan yang berhubungan erat dengan pembentukan autoantibodi atau respons imun selular yang terbentuk setelah timbulnya penyakit SPEKTRUM PENYAKIT AUTOIMUN
Penyakit autoimun mempunyai spektrum yang sangat luas, dari yang bersifat organ spesifik sampai bentuk sistemik atau non-organ spesifik . Pada penyakit autoimun organ spesifik, umumnya mempengaruhi organ tunggal dan respons autoimun ditujukan langsung pada antigen di dalam organ tersebut. Sebagian besar kelainan spesifik organ melibatkan satu atau beberapa kelenjar endokrin. Target antigen dapat berupa molekul yang diekspresikan pada permukaan sel hidup (terutama reseptor hormon) atau molekul intraseluler (terutama enzim intraseluler). Sedangkan penyakit autoimun non-organ spesifik mempengaruhi organ multipel dan biasanya berkaitan dengan respons autoimun terhadap molekul yang tersebar di seluruh tubuh, terutama molekul intraseluler yang berperan dalam transkripsi dan translasi kode genetik (DNA dan unsur inti sel lainnya) Tingkat Peneriman A
“Accepted” in prior version of this table
C
A comorbidity common among people with autoimmune disease, but with no evidence of being itself caused by autoimmunity
E
Disease is an autoimmune response triggered by a specific environmental factor
F
Disease is only caused by autoimmunity in only a fraction of those who suffer from it
I
Described as an autoinflammatory disease
L
Evidence to indicate autoimmunity is extremely limited or circumstantial
M
Disease appears under Autoimmune Diseases in MeSH
N
Not listed in prior version of this table
R
Disease appeared in prior version but has been renamed. In renaming, precedence has been given to scientific names over those based on discoverers.
S
“Suspected” in the prior version of this table
T
Disease has a known trigger, such as viral infection, vaccination, or injury
X
An extremely rare disease, which would suggest limited opportunity to study it and conclusively determine whether it is caused by autoimmunity
Y
Listed in the prior version of this table with “Accepted/Suspected” left blank
Nama penyakit
Tingkat Penerimaan Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivitas(I,II,III,IV)
Myocarditis
Moderate, F, R, A
Synonyms: Autoimmune myocarditis, Autoimmune cardiomyopathy, Coxsackie myocarditis
Postmyocardial infarction syndrome
Limited, R, Y
Autoantibodies: myocardial neo-antigens formed as a result of the MI. Synonyms: Dressler’s syndrome
Postpericardiotomy syndrome
Limited, N
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Limited, Y
III
Autoantibodies: essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Synonyms: SBE
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane nephriti
Moderate, R, M, A
II
Autoantibodies: Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein. Synonyms: Goodpastures Syndrome, Glomerulonephritis Type 1
Interstitial cystitis
Limited, S
Mast cells.
Lupus nephritis
Comorbidity, N
A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis..
Autoimmune hepatitis[
Moderate, A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Moderate, A
Autoantibodies: Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2)Anti-Ro aka SSA. Note that Sjogren’s is classified in some places (e.g., MeSH) as rheumatoid disease, but there is no published evidence to support that classification.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Limited, Y
Possible overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoantibodies: HLA-DR52a.
Antisynthetase syndrome
Limited, Y
Alopecia Areata
Moderate, A
Autoimmune Angioedema
Limited, F, N
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
Limited, X, A
Autoimmune urticarial[
Comorbidity, A
Bullous pemphigoid
Moderate, Y
Autoantibodies: IgG autoantibodies targeting the type XVII collagen component of hemidesmosomes.
Cicatricial pemphigoid
Limited, R, X, Y
precipitates C3. Autoantibodies: anti-BP-1, anti BP-2. Synonyms: Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Moderate, C, Y
Autoantibodies: IgA Eosinophilia; anti-epidermal transglutaminase antibodies.
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Limited, Y
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Moderate, Y
Erythema nodosum
Limited, F, Y
Gestational pemphigoid
Limited, R, Y
Hidradenitis suppurativa[33]
Limited, C, S
Lichen planus
Limited, Y
Lichen sclerosus
Limited, C, Y
Linear IgA disease[34] Morphea[35]
Moderate, Y
Pemphigus vulgaris[15][31]
Moderate, M, A
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
Limited, C
Mucha-Habermann disease Psoriasis[36]
Limited, C, Y
Systemic scleroderma[35][37]
Limited, R, S
COL1A2 and TGF-1. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-centromere and antiscl70/anti-topoisomerase antibodies. Synonyms: Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, Systemic sclerosis, Scleroderma
Vitiligo[38][39]
Limited, C, S
NALP-1 RERE, PTPN22, LPP, IL2RA, GZMB, UBASH3A and C1QTNF6.
Addison’s disease[15]
Moderate, F, Y
Autoantibodies: 21 hydroxylase.
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
Moderate, A
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2[40]
Moderate, A
DQ2, DQ8 and DRB1*0404. Autoantibodies: anti-21 hydroxylase, anti-17 hydroxylase. Synonyms: Schmidt syndrome, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 2, PGAS-2, APS Type 2
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3
Moderate, A
Synonyms: Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 3, PGAS-3, APS Type 3
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Moderate, A
Autoantibodies: ANA; anti-lactoferrin antibodiesanti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies; rheumatoid factor.
Diabetes mellitus type 1[15]
Moderate, A
IV
HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), and insulinoma-associated autoantibodies (IA-2), anti-insulin antibodies.
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Strong, A
IV
HLADR5, CTLA-4. Autoantibodies: antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. Synonyms: chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Ord’s thyroiditis Graves’ disease[15]
Moderate, Y II
Autoantibodies: thyroid autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) that activate the TSH-receptor (TSHR).
Autoimmune Oophoritis
Moderate, N
Endometriosis[41]
Limited, S
Autoimmune orchitis
Limited, N
Sjogren’s syndrome[15][21][22] [23]
Moderate, A
Autoimmune enteropathy
Moderate, X, Y
Celiac disease[42][43] [44]
Moderate, A,E
IV??
HLA-DQ8 and DQ2.5. Autoantibodies: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies anti-endomysial IgA, anti-gliadin IgA.
Crohn’s disease[45]
Moderate, Y
IV
Innate immunity; Th17; Th1; ATG16L1; CARD15;XBP1;.
Microscopic colitis Ulcerative colitis[15]
Limited, S
Antiphospholipid syndrome[15]
Moderate, M, A
Aplastic anemia
Limited, F, Y
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Moderate, M, A
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Moderate, A
Autoimmune neutropenia
Moderate, F, N
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura[15]
Moderate, M, R, A
Cold agglutinin disease
Moderate, M, A
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Limited, C, Y
Evans syndrome
Moderate, Y
IgG4-related systemic disease
Limited, C, N
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Pernicious anemia[46]
Limited, F, S
Pure red cell aplasia Thrombocytopenia[47] [48]
Limited, Y
Adiposis dolorosa[49]
Limited, L, S
Lipoid tissue. Synonyms: Dercum’s disease
Adult-onset Still’s disease[50]
Moderate, Y
macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Autoantibodies: ANA.
Ankylosing Spondylitis[26][27]
Limited, S
CD8; HLA-B27.
CREST syndrome
Limited, Y
Autoantibodies: Anti-centromere antibodies Anti-nuclear antibodies.
Drug-induced lupus
Moderate, Y
Autoantibodies: Anti-histone antibodies.
Enthesitis-related arthritis
Limited, C, Y
MMP3, TRLR2, TLR4, ERAP1. Autoantibodies: .. Synonyms: A subtype of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Eosinophilic fasciitis
Limited, F, A
Synonyms: Shulman’s syndrome
Felty syndrome
Strong, M, Y
Juvenile Arthritis
Strong, M, R, Y
Lyme disease (Chronic)
Limited, L, T, N
Mixed connective tissue disease
Moderate, M, A
HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibody anti-U1-RNP.
Palindromic rheumatism
Limited, Y
Autoantibodies: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and antikeratin antibodies (AKA). Synonyms: Hench-Rosenberg syndrome
Parry Romberg syndrome
Limited, Y
Autoantibodies: ANA.
Parsonage-Turner syndrome
Limited, Y
Psoriatic arthritis
Moderate, C, A
Reactive arthritis
Limited, C, F, Y
Synonyms: Reiter’s syndrome
Relapsing polychondritis[59]
Strong, A
Synonyms: atrophic polychondritis, systemic chondromalacia, chronic atrophic polychondritis, Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome, generalized chondromalacia, systemic chondromalacia
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Limited, Y
Rheumatic fever
Moderate, T, A
II
Autoantibodies: streptococcal M protein cross reacts with human myosin.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Strong, M, A
III
HLA-DR4, PTPN22, depleted B cells, TNF alpha, IL-17, (also maybe IL-1, 6, and 15). Autoantibodies: Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgGFc), Anti-MCV, ACPAs(Vimentin).
Sarcoidosis[62][63] [64]
Limited, S
IV
BTNL2; HLA-B7-DR15; HLA DR3-DQ2.
Schnitzler syndrome
Limited, L, X, Y
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Strong, M, A
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease
Moderate, C, A
HLA-DR4. Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibody. Synonyms: Latent lupus, incomplete lupus
Dermatomyositis
Moderate, F, X, A
B- and T-cell perivascular inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy. Autoantibodies: histidinetRNA anti-signal recognition peptide Anti-Mi-2 Anti-Jo1.. Synonyms: Juvenile dermatomyositis
Fibromyalgia
Limited, C, F, N
Inclusion body myositis
Limited, F, Y
Myositis
Limited, F, Y
Myasthenia gravis
Strong, M, A
II
HA-B8 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR1. Autoantibodies: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MuSK protein.
Neuromyotonia
Limited, F, S
II?
Autoantibodies: Voltage-gated potassium channels. Synonyms: Isaacs’ Syndrome
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration Polymyositis[
Limited, Y
IV? II?
Autoantibodies: anti-Yo (anti-cdr-2 in purkinje fibers) anti-Hu, anti-Tr, antiglutamate receptor.
Limited, F, A
Autoantibodies: IFN-gamma, IL-1, TNF-alpha.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Strong, M, T, A
Synonyms: ADEM, Perivenous encephalomyelitis, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, AHL, AHLE, acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE), Weston-Hurst syndrome, Hurst’s disease
Acute motor axonal neuropathy
Limited, N
Anti-N-Methyl-DAspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Moderate, N
Synonyms: Anti-NMDA Encephalitis
Balo concentric sclerosis
Moderate, Y
Synonyms: Balo disease, Schilders disease
Bickerstaff’s encephalitis
Limited, Y
similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: Anti-GQ1b 2/3 patients.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Moderate, C, Y
similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: anti-ganglioside antibodies. Synonyms: Relapsing polyneuropathy (CRP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Strong, M, A
IV
Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside, anti-GQ1b. Synonyms: Miller-Fisher syndrome, Landry’s paralysis
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy[
Moderate, C, X, A
IV
Autoantibodies: alpha-enolase. Synonyms: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, SREAT, Nonvasculitic autoimmune meningoencephalitis, NAIM, Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, EAATD
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases
Limited, F, Y
A set of different variants of multiple sclerosis.
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Strong, M, Y
HLA-DR3-B8. Autoantibodies: voltage-gated calcium channels; Q-type calcium channel, synaptogagmin, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1.
Multiple sclerosis, pattern II
Strong, M, A
Oshtoran Syndrome
X
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus
Limited, F, S
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy
Limited, X, S
similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside antibodies:anti-GM1, antiGD1a, anti-GQ1b.
Restless leg syndrome
Limited, C, S
May occur in Sjogren’s syndrome, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis or in derangements of iron metabolism.
Stiff person syndrome
Limited, S
GLRA1 (glycine receptor). Autoantibodies: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
Sydenham chorea
Limited, T, Y
Transverse myelitis
Limited, M, A
Autoimmune retinopathy
Limited, X, N
Autoimmune uveitis
Moderate, F, A
Cogan syndrome
Limited, F, Y
Graves ophthalmopathy
Moderate, M, N
Intermediate uveitis
Limited, L, Y
Ligneous conjunctivitis
Limited, L, N
Mooren’s ulcer
Limited, L, N
Neuromyelitis optica
Limited, M, Y
II?
Autoantibodies: NMO-IgG aquaporin 4. Synonyms: Devic’s disease
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
Limited, X, S
IV?
Lymphocyte recruitment to CSF.
Optic neuritis
Limited, C, Y
Scleritis
Limited, C, Y
Susac’s syndrome
Limited, C, Y
Synonyms: Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy
Sympathetic ophthalmia
Limited, I, Y
Autoantibodies: ocular antigens following trauma.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Limited, I, X, Y
Autoimmune inner ear disease
Limited, A
Ménière’s disease
Limited, Y
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis
Strong, M, A
Autoantibodies: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic(cANCA). Synonyms: Wegener Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Behçet’s disease
Limited, I, X, A
immune-mediated systemic vasculitis; linkage to HLA-B51 (HLA-B27); very different manifestations with ulcers as common symptom. Synonyms: Morbus Adamandiades-Behçet. Rare Variant: Hughes-Stovin syndrome
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Limited, I, X, Y
Autoantibodies: p-ANCA Eosinophilia.
Giant cell arteritis
Limited, I, R, A
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Limited, L, Y
Autoantibodies: immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3). Synonyms: anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, Schönlein–Henoch purpura
Kawasaki’s disease
Moderate, S,E[89]
ITPKC HLA-B51. Synonyms: Kawasaki syndrome, lymph node syndrome, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Limited, L, Y
Lupus vasculitis
Moderate, C, N
A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis.
Rheumatoid vasculitis
Moderate, C, N
A symptom of Lupus.
Microscopic polyangiitis
Limited, Y
Binds to neutrophils causing them to degranulate and damages endothelium. Autoantibodies: pANCA myeloperoxidase. Synonyms: microscopic polyarteritis,microscopic polyarteritis nodosa, MPA
Polyarteritis nodosa
Limited, L, Y
Synonyms: panarteritis nodosa, periarteritis nodosa, Kussmaul disease, Kussmaul-Maier disease
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Limited, L, Y
Urticarial vasculitis[90] Vasculitis[
Limited, X, Y
II?
Clinically may resemble type I hypersensitivity. Autoantibodies: anti C1q antibodies.
Strong, I, M, F, A
III
Autoantibodies: sometimes ANCA.
cell-mediated
Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants
Autoantibodies: ANA and SMA, LKM-1, LKM-2 or LKM-3; antibodies against soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA, anti-LP) no autoantibodies detected (~20%)[citation needed]. Synonyms: Lupoid hepatitis
Autoantibodies: T-cells. Synonyms: Alopecia areata – Patchy, Totalis, Universalis
III
IL-2 and IFN-gamma. COL7A1.
Autoantibodies: IgG and C3 misdirected antibodies intended to protect the placenta.
Synonyms: LAD
Limited, C, S II
Autoantibodies: Anti-Desmoglein 3 eosinophilia.
T-cells. Synonyms: Pityriasis lichenoides, varioliformis acuta
Moderate, A
IV?
CD-8 T-cells, HLA-Cw6, IL-12b, IL-23b, TNFalpha, NF-B.
Unknown or multiple
Moderate, M, A
Synonyms: Whitaker’s Syndrome, APECED, Addisons Disease, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 1, PGAS-1, APS Type 1
Autoantibodies: anti-Ro. Also, they are often present in Sjogren’s syndrome..
Limited, A
IV HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3. Autoantibodies: anti-cardiolipin;anti pyruvate dehydrogenase; 2 glycoprotein I; phosphatidylserine; anti apoH; Annexin A5. II
complement activation. TNFRSF6; defective Fas-CD95 apoptosis. Synonyms: Canale-Smith Syndrome
Autoantibodies: anti gpIIb-IIIa or 1b-IX. Synonyms: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
II
idiopathic or secondary to leukemia or infection. Autoantibodies: IgM. Synonyms: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Synonyms: A synonym for a combination of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura
Moderate, A Limited, F, Y
II
Autoantibodies: anti-parietal cell antibody.
II
Multiple mechanisms. Autoantibodies: glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX in ITP anti-ADAMTS13 in TTP. and HUS anti-cardiolipin (anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and 2 glycoprotein I in Antiphospholipid syndrome anti-HPA-1a, anti-HPA-5b, and others in NAIT. Synonyms: Neonatal thrombocytopenia
Autoantibodies: inconsistent ANA Rheumatoid factor. Synonyms: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
IV?
HLA-B27.
IgM?. III
Autoantibodies: Anti-nuclear antibodies anti-Ro. Also, they are often present in Sjogren’s syndrome. Eosinophilia. Synonyms: Lupus
Similar to polymyositis but does not respond to steroid therapy-activated T8 cells.
IV
Autoantibody against potassium channel has been reported to present demyelination pattern II. Other cases present autoimmunity against MOG [78] and Anoctamin-2.[79] The three reported autoimmune variants belong to MS pattern II. Also involved HLA-DR2, PECAM-1, Antimyelin basic protein. Autoantibodies: Anti-Kir4.1, Anti-MOG, Anti-ANO2 (heterogeneous). Synonyms: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, encephalomyelitis disseminata Heritable, abnormalities in the kynurenine and glutamate metabolism
II?
antibodies against streptococcal infection serve as auto-antibodies. Synonyms: PANDAS
Autoantibodies: HLAB-27?.
Synonyms: Pars planitis, Peripheral Uveitis
Synonyms: AIED III?
Autoantibodies: major peripheral myelin protein P0.
IV
Synonyms: Cranial arteritis, Temporal Arteritis
Autoimmune Comorbidities Nama Penyakit
Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivity (I,II,III,IV)
Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Comorbidity, N
Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease.
Complex regional pain syndrome
Comorbidity, N
Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Synonyms: Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome, Reflex Neurovascular Dystrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Comorbidity, N
Gastritis
Comorbidity, Y
Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: serum antiparietal and anti-IF antibodies.
POEMS syndrome[91]
Comorbidity, Y
Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and TNF. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), given the ..
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Comorbidity, S
Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease.
Primary immunodeficiency[92]
Comorbidity, N
The condition is inherited, but it is associated with several autoimmune diseases.
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Comorbidity, Y
Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease.
Not Autoimmune At this time, there is not sufficient evidence – direct, indirect, or circumstantial – to indicate that these diseases are caused by autoimmunity. These conditions are included here because: 1. The disease was listed in the prior version of this table 2. The disease is included in several widely used lists of autoimmune disease. It is included here to ensure that a person visiting this page does not conclude that the disease was not considered. Before moving a condition from here to the list of autoimmune diseases, references should be provided in the Wikipedia page for the condition that point to evidence of autoimmunity. Nama Penyakit
Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivitas (I,II,III,IV)
Agammaglobulinemia
Not Autoimmune, Y
An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: IGHM; IGLL1: CD79A; CD79B; BLNK; LRRC8A.
Amyloidosis
Not Autoimmune, N
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Also Lou Gehrig’s disease; Motor Neuron Disease).
Anti-tubular basement membrane nephritis
Not Autoimmune, N
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Atopic allergy
Not Autoimmune, Y
I
A hypersensitivity.
Atopic dermatitis
Not Autoimmune, Y
I
A hypersensitivity.
Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy
Not Autoimmune, F, A
A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. See specific diseases that are listed as autoimmune..
Blau syndrome
Not Autoimmune, Y
Overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. No evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cancer
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Castleman’s disease
Not Autoimmune, Y
An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: Over expression of IL-6.
Chagas disease[93]
Not Autoimmune, S
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[94] [95]
Not Autoimmune, S
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
Not Autoimmune, Y
LPIN2, D18S60. Synonyms: Majeed syndrome
Complement component 2 deficiency
Not Autoimmune, Y
Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease.
Congenital heart block
Not Autoimmune, N
May be related to autoimmune activity in the mother.
Contact dermatitis
Not Autoimmune, Y
Cushing’s syndrome
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: neutrophils.
Dego’s disease
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Eczema[96][97][98]
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LEKTI, SPINK5, filaggrin., Brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Substance P..
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Not Autoimmune, Y
Possibly a hypersensitivity. Autoantibodies: IgE, IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, eotaxin.
Eosinophilic pneumonia
Not Autoimmune, F, Y
A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. Specifically, Churg-Strauss syndrome, a subtype of Eosinophilic pneumonia, is autoimmune.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Not Autoimmune, Y
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Not Autoimmune, Y
Possibly an immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ACVR1 Lymphocytes express increased BMP4.
Gastrointestinal pemphigoid
Not Autoimmune, A
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Not Autoimmune, Y
An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: IGHM, IGLL1, CD79A, BLNK, LRRC8A, CD79B.
Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis[99]
Not Autoimmune, N
No consistent evidence of autoimmune cause though the disease has been found comorbid with other autoimmune diseases. Synonyms: Giant cell myocarditis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[100][100]
Not Autoimmune, Y
Autoantibodies: SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.. Synonyms: Fibrosing alveolitis
IgA nephropathy
Not Autoimmune, Y
Immunoregulatory lipoproteins[101]
Not Autoimmune, N
Not a disease.
IPEX syndrome
Not Autoimmune, N
A genetic mutation in FOXP3 that leads to autoimmune diseases, but no consistent evidence that it is an autoimmune disorder itself.. Synonyms: X-linked polyendocrinopathy, immunodeficiency and diarrhea-syndrome (XLAAD)
Ligneous conjunctivitis
Not Autoimmune, N
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Majeed syndrome
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LPIN2.
Narcolepsy[102][103] [104][105]
Not Autoimmune, Y
Rasmussen’s encephalitis
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: anti-NR2A antibodies.
Schizophrenia[106][107] [108]
Not Autoimmune, S
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Serum sickness
Not Autoimmune, Y
Spondyloarthropathy
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: HLA-B27.
Sweet’s syndrome
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: GCSF.
Takayasu’s arteritis
Not Autoimmune, Y
No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy
Not Autoimmune, Y
See Enthesitis-related arthritis.
IV
II
Autoantibodies/Synonyms
A hypersensitivity.
Mother’s immune system attacks fetus. An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ABO, Rh, Kell antibodies.
III?
II?
III
Autoantibodies: IgA produced from marrow rather than MALT. Synonyms: IgA nephrits, Berger’s disease, Synpharyngitic Glomerulonephritis. An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
No evidence of association with autoimmunity. Research not reproducible. Autoantibodies: hypocretin or orexin, HLA-DQB1*0602.
A hypersensitivity.
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Artikel Imunologi Dasar, Gangguan Imunologi, Auto Imun dan Defisiensi Imun Lainnya Posted on November 4, 2015
by The Doctor Indonesia
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Imunologi adalah suatu cabang yang luas dari ilmu biomedis yang mencakup kajian mengenai semua aspek sistem imun (kekebalan) pada semua organisme. Imunologi antara lain mempelajari peranan fisiologis sistem imum baik dalam keadaan sehat maupun sakit; malafungsi sistem imun pada gangguan imunologi (penyakit autoimun, hipersensitivitas, defisiensi imun, penolakan allograft); karakteristik fisik, kimiawi, dan fisiologis komponen-komponen sistem imun in vitro, in situ, dan in vivo. Imunologi memiliki berbagai penerapan pada berbagai disiplin ilmu dan karenanya dipecah menjadi beberapa subdisiplin. Dikarenakan kerumitan penanganan ilmu ini (penanganan antara satu pasien dan yang lain tidak sama), profesinya menjadi kurang menarik minat para tenaga medis Indonesia. Selain itu fakultas kedokteran di dunia yang memiliki program master vaksinologi sangat sedikit Dirga. Sakti Rambe menjadi Vaksinolog termuda di dunia yang lulus pada tahun 2012. Penyakit autoimun Gangguan ini timbul dari respon kekebalan terlalu aktif dari tubuh terhadap zat dan jaringan biasanya hadir dalam tubuh. Dengan kata lain, tubuh justru menyerang sel sendiri. Penyakit autoimun muncul ketika imun atau sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam diri yang seharusnya bertugas melawan bibit penyakit dari luar tubuh malah menyerang jaringan tubuh sendiri. (https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/wpid-wp-1446708425846.jpg)
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Penyakit AutoImune adalah penyakit dimana sistem kekebalan yang terbentuk salah mengidentifikasi benda asing, dimana sel, jaringan atau organ tubuh manusia justru dianggap sebagai benda asing sehingga dirusak oleh antibodi. Jadi adanya penyakit autoimmune tidak memberikan dampak peningkatan ketahanan tubuh dalam melawan suatu penyakit, tetapi justru terjadi kerusakan tubuh akibat kekebalan yang terbentuk.
Belum pernah dibuktikan bahwa penyakit autoimmune ini bersifat menular. Penyakit autoimmune tidak menyebar kepada individu lainnya sebagaimana penyakit infeksi. Penyakit ini tidak sebagaimana AIDS demikian pula tidak sebagaimana kanker. Gen individu penderita penyakit autoimmune memiliki konstribusi terhadap penularan penyakit autoimmune. Penyakit tertentu seperti Psoriasis dapat terjadi diantara beberapa anggota keluarga. (https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/wpid-wp14467310838851.jpg) Gangguan ini dapat dibatasi pada organ tertentu misalnya dalam tiroiditis atau melibatkan jaringan tertentu di tempat yang berbeda misalnya penyakit Goodpasture yang dapat mempengaruhi membran basal baik di paru-paru dan ginjal. Pengobatan penyakit autoimun biasanya dengan imunosupresi-obat yang menurunkan respon kekebalan tubuh. Penyebab mungkin termasuk mimikri molekul, atau kehadiran sel-sel janin dalam aliran darah ibu, yaitu microchimerism, dan infeksi dengan beberapa virus dan bakteri. Imunitas atau kekebalan adalah sistem mekanisme pada organisme yang melindungi tubuh terhadap pengaruh biologis luar dengan mengidentifikasi dan membunuh patogen serta sel tumor. Sistem ini mendeteksi berbagai macam pengaruh biologis luar yang luas, organisme akan melindungi tubuh dari infeksi, bakteri, virus sampai cacing parasit, serta menghancurkan zat-zat asing lain dan memusnahkan mereka dari sel organisme yang sehat dan jaringan agar tetap dapat berfungsi seperti biasa. Deteksi sistem ini sulit karena adaptasi patogen dan memiliki cara baru agar dapat menginfeksi organisme. Respon imun terlalu aktif menyebabkan disfungsi imun yang disebut autoimunitas. Sistem imun gagal untuk memusnahkan dengan tepat antara diri sendiri dan bukan diri sendiri, dan menyerang bagian dari tubuh. Dibawah keadaan sekitar yang normal, banyak sel T dan antibodi bereaksi dengan peptid sendiri. Satu fungsi sel (terletak di thymus dan sumsum tulang) adalah untuk memunculkan limfosit muda dengan antigen sendiri yang diproduksi pada tubuh dan untuk membunuh sel tersebut yang dianggap antigen sendiri, mencegah autoimunitas. All About Articles of Children Allergy and Immunology by Dr Widodo Judarwanto, pediatrician
(https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/wpid-wp-14467310838851.jpg) CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY •Gangguan pada Sistem Imunitas •Hypersensitivity Reaction and Clinical Aspect •Clinical Aspect of Type IV Hypersensitivity •Clinical Aspect of Type III Hypersensitivity •Clinical Aspect of Type II Hypersensitivity-Like Autoimmune Diseases •Clinical Aspect of Type I Hypersensitivity •Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis or Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis,Type III-IV Hypersensitivity •13 Jenis Toll-Like Receptor Dengan berbagai Aspek Klinisnya •Berbagai Penyakit Yang Berkaitan Dengan Gangguan Autoimun •Classification 100 Autoimmune Disorders •Neonatal and Newborn Autoimmune Diseases •Ankylosing spondylitis, Penyakit Autoimun Tulang Belakang •Scleroderma dan Discoid lupus erythematosus, Penyakit Autoimun Kulit •100 Types of Arthritis, Rheumatic Diseases and Related Condition •Imunologi Dasar: Sitokin dan Aspek Klinisnya •Ophthalmology Problems and Autoimmune Diseases •Maternal immune status in pregnancy and atopy risk. •Clinical Aspect of Immunology in Pregnancy •Penyakit Autoimun Miastenia Gravis, Manifestasi Klinis dan Pengobatan •Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik Pada Anak •Clinical Aspect of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) •Aspek Klinis dan Aspek Biologis Toll-Like Receptor (TLRs) •Aspek klinis dan Aspek Biologis CXCL10 atau IP-10 •Daftar Lengkap Interleukin, Aspek Klinis dan Aspek Biologisnya •Sindrom Steven-Johnson, Manifestasi Klinis dan Penanganannya •Berbagai Penyakit Defisiensi Imun •Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases: Neonatal type I diabetes mellitus •Perinatology Abstract Update: Fetal outcome in autoimmune diseases. •Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases: Neonatal anti-phospholipid syndrome •Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases: Neonatal polymyositis and dermatomyositis •Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases: Neonatal autoimmune thyroid disease •Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases: Neonatal Lupus •Behçet’s disease, Immune-mediated Systemic Vasculitis Disease BASIC IMMUNOLOGYimage •Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system. •Imunologi dasar: Mekanisme Pertahanan Tubuh Terhadap Bakteri •Imunologi Dasar: Mekanisme Respon Tubuh Terhadap Serangan Mikroba •Imunologi Dasar : Radang dan Respon Inflamasi •Imunologi Dasar : Respon Imun dan Sistem Kekebalan Mahluk Hidup •Imunologi dasar : Sel darah Putih, Netrofil, Eosinofil, Basofil •Imunologi Dasar : Sel Mastosit •Imunologi Dasar : Superantigen •A Molecular Basis for Bidirectional : Communication Between the Immune and Neuroendocrine Systems •Imunologi Dasar : Kompleks Histokompatibilitas Mayor •Imunologi Dasar : Penyakit Auto Imunitas •Imunologi dasar : Imunologi Vaksin •Imunologi Dasar : Reaksi Hipersensitivitas •Imunologi Dasar : Imunologi Mukosa •Imunologi Dasar : Imunitas seluler •Imunologi Dasar : Imunitas Humoral •Imunologi Dasar : Sistem Fagosit dan Penyakit •Imunologi Dasar : Sistem Komplemen •Imunologi Dasar: Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) •Imunologi Dasar: Imunitas Non Spesifik •Imunologi Dasar: Struktur Imunoglobulin •Imunologi Dasar : Respons Imun •Imunologi Dasar : Imunologi Humoral •Imunologi Dasar: Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) •Daftar Lengkap Interleukin, Aspek Klinis dam Aspek Biologisnya •Imunologi Dasar: Sitokin dan Aspek Klinisnya •Peranan Sel Dendritik Dalam Sistem Imun •Aspek klinis dan Aspek Biologis Toll-like receptor •Relationship Kawazaki – Allergy: Kawazaki disease tendency to develop allergic diseases •Pityriasis Alba, Eczema in Children ? •Atopic Disorder, Allergic Reaction and Nephrotic Syndrome •Respon Imun Selular dan Manifestasi Klinis •Gangguan pada Sistem Imunitas •Summary Toll-like Receptors TLR1 to TLR13 •Genotipe dan Fenotipe •Imunologi dasar: Adaptive Immune System, Sistem Kekebalan Tiruan •Imunologi Dasar : Antigen •Syndrome of allergy and Immune Deficiency in Children. •Dendritic cells and Human Disease •Aspek klinis dan Aspek Biologis CXCL10 atau IP-10 •United Airway Disease : Keterkaitan Penyakit Rinitis dan Asma pada Anak •Penggunaan Imunoterapi Pada Penderita Alergi •Behçet’s disease, Immune-mediated Systemic Vasculitis Disease The Future Concept and New Insightimage •The New Insight of Alfa Lactalbumin •Management of Asthma in Children Under 5 Years •The Future Concept in Pathophysiology of Asthma •The New Perspective of Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis Cow Milk Allergy •Patogenesis dan Patofisiologi Terkini Alergi Rinitis •The New Perspective Antiphospohlipid syndrome •The New Insight of Neonatal Autoimmune Diseases •The New Insight Immunopathophysiology of Antiphospholipid syndrome •The New Insight of Vasculitis and Allergy •The Update Evidance of Food Allergy Diagnosis •The new insight of immunoregulatory mechanisms of pregnancy and fetus on systemic immunity •The future concept of innate cellular immune responses in newborns •The New Insight Immunopathophysiology of Dengue •The New Perspective Immunopathophysiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) •The New Perspective of Pathophysiology and Immunology Profile in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. •The New Perspective Immunopathophysiology, Future Diagnostic and Prevention in Typhoid Fever •The New Insight of Immune function and exercise. •Intestinal Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Gut and Gastrointestinal disease •Future Immunology Diagnostic: Peripheral T cell cytokine responses for diagnosis tuberculosis. •The New Insight Immunological characterization in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) PARENTING FOOD ALLERGY AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES •Asthma, Respiratory Disease, Food Allergy and Food Hypersensitivities •How To Know Related Autism Spectrum Disease, Food Allergy and Food Hypersensitive •Tics, Tourette’s Syndrome and Food Allergy-Hypersensitivities •Neurological Manifestation, Food Allergy and Food Hypersensitivities •Headache, Migraine and Food Allergy •Seizures, Epilepsy, Food Allergies and Food Hypersensitivities •Behaviour Problems and Food Allergies-Hypersensitivites in Children •Sleep Problems In Children and Food Allergy-Food Hypersensitivities
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(https://dokterindonesiaonline.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/wpid-wp-1446825740879.jpg) ***Dokter Alergi Imunologi