! A STUDY GUIDE SERIES ON PEACE AND CONFLICT FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNERS AND CLASSROOM INSTRUCTORS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
GENDER, WAR & PEACEBUILDING ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Academy for International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037
www.usip.org/npec
[email protected]
National Peace Essay Contest Study Guide
GENDER, WAR & PEACEBUILDING Introduction “We can no longer afford to minimize or ignore the contributions of women and girls to all stages of conflict resolution, peacemaking, peace-building, peacekeeping and reconstruction processes. Sustainable peace will not be achieved without the full and equal participation of women and men.”1 Kofi Annan Wars in the past two decades have heightened awareness of the vulnerability of noncombatants in civil strife. Civilians in every major conflict – Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bosnia, Cambodia, El Salvador and others – have been regularly targeted as a tactic of war. Women have not escaped this targeting – in fact, in many conflicts, women have been particular targets, as armed forces attempt to demoralize their opponents. At the same time, women have not participated in political negotiations to end their conflicts. Neither have they been included in many UN-sponsored mediations. As a result, a special concern for women’s issues is often missing from peace settlements, hampering reconstruction and reconciliation processes. Contemporary analysis of war and peace issues often draws on the idea of human security—in addition to national security— in order to focus on the individual as well as the connections between individuals and groups within societies. In that way, peace depends on the belief by all those affected by the outcome of a negotiated peace or the resumption of war and violence (referred to as “stakeholders”) that their needs and aspirations will be taken into account. Increasingly, the inclusion of women is an essential element to understanding the roots of a conflict and also to developing innovative, viable solutions that can help establish sustainable peace. The importance of bringing gender into peacebuilding is not confined to redressing the violations of the human rights of women or addressing women’s economic, social, or justice needs. Instead, for many, a gendered perspective represents peacebuilding as a process of inclusion.
!"#$"%&'()%'*'+"),"-./0$/#!'12.$3'!./$"! 4 The guide begins with a brief discussion on gender, and how gender and conflict are interrelated. Additionally, there will be a short overview of vulnerable groups in armed conflict. This discussion is followed by a closer look at the role gender plays vis-àvis armed conflict and, more specifically, how women are both affected by war and contribute to peace. The study guide concludes by examining how the international community is wrestling with the larger question of the challenges inherent in achieving gender equity, and why both men and women have an important role to play in achieving that goal.
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