HIV & Hepatitis Co-infection [PDF]

HDV requires HBV as a helper virus. • HEV infection carries a high mortality among pregnant women. • CMV, HSV and EB

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Idea Transcript


HIV & Hepatitis Co‐infection

HIV/STI Project  Family and Community Health Area PAHO/WHO 

Viral Hepatitis & HIV co‐infection • HIV infection alters the course of VH • VH may alter the progression of HIV infection • Limited knowledge of actual extent of problem • Shared routes of transmission • HBV, HCV and HAV infections more common • HDV requires HBV as a helper virus • HEV infection carries a high mortality among  pregnant women • CMV, HSV and EBV hepatitis can be found in  patients with AIDS

Hepatitis B and HIV co‐infection

Hepatitis B and HIV co‐infection • Common: 70 – 90%  (past or active) among HIV +  • Frequent among MARP’s  • Reduced spontaneous clearance among HIV+ • Chronic infection 10 times higher than among HIV‐ • Vertical transmission of HBV does occur • Immune deficiency favors HBV reactivation • Increased risk of cirrhosis & end‐stage liver disease • Significant hepatic mortality among HIV+

Hepatitis B and HIV co‐infection • All HIV+ should be tested for HBsAg • If HBsAg neg check for prior infection (HBcAb & HBsAb) • cAb+ = risk of reactivation if there is immune suppression 

• Loss of sAb may occur over time (waned response) • Administer vaccine booster (3 doses)

• Test for HCV  • Vaccinate against HAV

HBV/HIV co‐infection management  • Suppress HBV replication & minimize  damage • Avoid alcohol, acetaminophen,  hepatotoxic  drugs • Indefinite treatment often required • Fully suppressive ART recommended  (early initiation) • Behavioral changes needed to prevent  transmission • Remind public about efficiency of HBV  transmission • Vaccinate against HBV all HIV+ w/o sAb  (and MARPs) • Raise awareness about severity of HIV  and HV

Hepatitis C and HIV co‐infection

Hepatitis C and HIV co‐infection • Estimated in 1 in 10 of HIV+ people, globally • In the “West”: 1 in 4 (1 in 3 in USA) • Among IDU’s: 50 – 95% • Blood‐borne transmission more efficient & common • Sexual transmission more common than assumed • Significant liver disease morbidity/mortality  • Disease accelerated by alcohol consumption • Possible loss of HCV‐specific CD4+ T cells (HIV  outcome)

Hepatitis C and HIV co‐infection • In HIV+ individual HCV viral load is higher • Higher loads explain infectiveness (e.g. MTCT) • Accelerated fibrosis and rates of cirrhosis

HCV/HIV co‐infection management  • Evidence that suppressive ART reduces liver disease • Restoration of CD4+ T cells may be expected • ART has benefits even if HCV persists (start soon) • Harm reduction measures among IDU’s • Safe sex practices and personal hygiene habits • Immunization against HBV/HAV • Regular check‐ups • Warn public about possibility of multiple,  concomitant or successive HCV infections

Hepatitis A and HIV co‐infection

Hepatitis A and HIV co‐infection • Common: 30 ‐50% HIV + MSM had it  • Transmission through anal sex  • HAV not associated to chronic infection • It can be prevented  • Immunization (3 doses)  • Personal hygiene • Safer sexual practices

Viral Hepatitis and HIV Programs • Acknowledge existence of problem and estimate  its extent and trends • Identify most‐at‐risk groups and populations  (MARP’s) • Scale up HAV/HBV vaccination among MARP’s  (MSM; TG; UDI, persons in prisons, SW) • Develop protocols for appropriate treatment • Promote preventive practices • Include the topic in PMTCT programs • Conduct systematic M&E

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