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Integration of Maps, Satellite Images, Camera Images and GPS Data. Project Proposal. Supervisor. Dr. Gary Marsden gaz@cs

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Integration of Maps, Satellite Images, Camera Images and GPS Data Project Proposal

Supervisor Dr. Gary Marsden [email protected]

Group members André Scholtz [email protected]

Anton Eicher [email protected]

Yahoo Photos. - Blogging on systems such as mySpace, Blogger and Facebook.

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1

The integration of SenseCam photographs and GPS location data will provide a new type of data to be shared on the internet. In order to share this data, a new system will have to be developed. This system will integrate the current technologies of photo sharing and blogging with GPS data in a location-based, social networking context.

System overview

We propose a system which allows people to share their travel experiences with others. The system will allow users to integrate their GPS location data with SenseCam photographs taken on a trip such as a holiday. They can then publish this data on the web in an intuitive format. The data can be shared with online ‘friends’ who will form a social network. Friends can browse shared photographs in a location-based context. The GPS data and photographs will be integrated with maps and satellite images to provide a ‘virtual globe’ viewing paradigm. Users can attach textual information to the posted images. This makes provision for social networking artefacts such as blogs, travel logs, location descriptions and ‘post card messages’. Users can also allow friends to post their own textual information in the form of comments, as well as links to other photographs and trips that exist on the same system.

2. RELATED WORK In recent years, much research has been done on topics related to one or more parts of this project. Paper [1] discusses the supporting of informal collections of digital images with regards to organisation, browsing and sharing. A comparison is made between the way that users store standard paper-based photograph collections and the possibilities generated by digital systems. A gesture-based system is proposed which uses more traditional approaches to photo sharing, but simulated in digital form.

2.1 The aim of the project will be to develop a new system for photo browsing that incorporates the above mentioned metadata types. Users must be able to use the system efficiently and accurately.

1.2

Metadata and Storage systems

One area of research which pertains to this project is the question of how to associate metadata with digital images, and how to store that combined information.

Motivation Paper [2] describes a method for using the dragand-drop metaphor to attach annotations to photographs. Labels such as names can be ‘dragged’ from a scrollable list and ‘dropped’ onto a digital image. The metadata annotation is then stored in a database for efficient storage and searching.

People love to share their travel experiences with others. Anyone who has relatives that travel will attest to this fact. Many systems are available for people to do this - slide projectors were one of the first to be utilised. In today’s global community, the internet has provided not only the means to share this data, but many more people to share it with.

[3] introduces the term “photowork” to describe the activities that people perform with their digital photographs after capture, but prior to sharing. These activities include reviewing, downloading, organising, editing, sorting and filing. They form the context that is later used for browsing and searching of the photograph collections. The paper

At the moment there are two main types of system that facilitate the sharing of travel experiences. These include: - Sharing photos on systems like Flikr, Ringo and 2

viewing, selecting and moving images to navigate information.

describes various field work and interviews to generate a deeper understanding of this “photowork”.

Paper [9] introduces ‘Time Quilt’ as a means to scale up zoomable photo browsers for large, unstructured photo collections. This system uses photo’s visual content and creation dates to generate a context in which to display images. Presentation of photographs is therefore done in a temporal order, as opposed to maximising screen space.

Paper [4] describes a system that allows users to annotate digital photos on a camera phone. The part that is relevant to our system, however, is the discussion of a lightweight client application combined with a server to store the images and metadata.

2.2

Photo Sharing Paper [10] looks at whether organising images by mutual similarity assists image browsing or not. Two experiments are conducted and described. This information is valuable to the understanding of the design of systems where sets of images are presented to users.

This section of research deals with how people interact in a collaborative environment. In our case it will pertain to collaboration around photograph collections and associated metadata. [5] explores the embodied interactional ways in which people naturally collaborate around and share collections of photographs. Various ethnographic studies were conducted to consider requirements for distributed collections. The augmentation of photographs with written accounts is also discussed.

[11] discusses the findings of a study that investigated how people manage their collections of digital photographs. An instrumental digital management tool called Shoebox was used. It provided users with various browsing capabilities, including folders, thumbnails and timelines, as well as advanced multimedia such as contentbased image retrieval and voice recognition. The experimenters concluded that advanced features were not used very often, and thus their perceived utility was low.

Storytelling with digital photographs is discussed in [6]. A device is described which allows digital photos to be used for sharing personal stories. The portable form factor is discussed, but more relevant to our research is the interface design discussion. Several user tests were also conducted and are of interest.

Paper [12] discusses browsing large collections of images through unconventional visualisation techniques. The aim of the publication was to find a good trade-off between browsing time and quality of exploration. This aim is akin to our aim of finding a system which is both efficient and accurate in terms of browsing.

[7] discusses lightweight photo sharing in terms of how to maximise social presence whilst maintaining simplicity. An experimental photo sharing system was developed and tested. User experiments were also conducted which are relevant to our research.

2.3

‘Fotofile’ is introduced in paper [13]. It is an experimental system for multimedia organisation and retrieval. It is intended to make multimedia information available to non-expert users. It extends textual searches and browsing to include multimedia data types.

Browsing and Visualisation

Once photographs are shared, users need to be able to access them in an efficient and accurate manner. There is a large amount of research that has been conducted in this area. Paper [8] discusses information navigation. A new method of navigating data using rapid-fire image presentation is considered. This presentation model involves the user performing a cycle of 3

growing popularity of digital cameras; the availability of new types of information such as GPS data, satellite images, and maps; and an increased interest in social networking.

3. OUTCOMES 3.1

System

Three main research methods will be utilised: literature surveys, User Centred Design and technical feasibility prototypes, and quantitative user experiments.

The system can be broken down into the following hardware and software: Hardware Microsoft SenseCam Portable GPS Standard desktop computers (clients) Database, web and file servers

A brief summary of available literature is discussed in section 2. Prototypes will be developed for 2 purposes. A technical prototype will be developed to determine the feasibility of integrating maps, satellite images, camera images and GPS data. This prototype will also investigate the effectiveness of serving this information on the Internet. A User Interaction prototype will also be developed. The focus of this prototype will be the interaction with the user interface, not the underlying server software. The purpose will be to develop an efficient user interface for browsing and viewing routes travelled with their corresponding photograph collections.

Software Back-end software will include a database and web server, as well as a scripted server application to associate relevant metadata and images. Front-end software will consist of a thin client web browser to be used for information/photo browsing. The major design challenges include: Storage and association of metadata with images A method has to be found to store GPS location data, photographs, maps, and satellite images in an efficient and easily accessible manner. The metadata also needs to be linked to associated photographs.

Experimentation will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of browsing photos with extra contextual information, as opposed to traditional photo browsing techniques. Tasks will be designed to test 2 system metrics: accuracy and efficiency. Accuracy will be operationalised as the percentage of correct answers to test questions. Efficiency will be operationalised as the average time taken to complete the list of tasks. The hypothesis to be tested will be that the new system is more accurate and efficient than the previous best system.

Photo browser interface An interface has to be developed that allows users to efficiently browse photographs in a location-based context. The interface should also ensure a high degree of accuracy in the user-perceived mapping of location and time information to photographs.

3.2

3.3

Expected impact of project

The expected outcome of this project will be a system that provides users with an easy to use method for browsing travel routes and their associated photo collections. This will allow people to share their travel experiences in new ways with friends in a social network. It will also provide new types of social interaction and information sharing.

Questions tackled

The project will investigate a suitable system to allow users to browse photo archives based on geographic and chronological metadata. A suitable storage system and user interface will be developed. This is an important topic due to the 4

3.4

Key success factors

Success factors include technical feasibility and interaction effectiveness. Firstly, the technical feasibility of storing and serving the various types of information in an associated manner will be investigated. This will be investigated by implementing the basic back-end system in the form of a horizontal prototype. Another success factor is whether or not the new information access paradigm provides an improved user experience. This will be determined by a vertical prototype and experimentation.

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4. WORK DETAIL 4.1

Risks and Risk Management Strategies

Potential problems could arise with the implementation of the Microsoft Virtual Earth API. This is due to the fact that neither of the group members have experience with the API. Another potential risk is possible problems that could occur from attempting to integrate map data together with GPS and photo data. To litigate both of the above mentioned risks, more time has been allowed for the implementation of the Microsoft Virtual Earth API. This extra time should accommodate for possible problems.

4.2

Timeline

See Appendix A

4.3

Resources required

Hardware resources Microsoft SenseCam Portable GPS Standard desktop computers (clients) Database, web and file servers System platform (software) Microsoft Windows XP with Internet Explorer Virtual Earth (with SDK) Macromedia Flash (possibly) SQL Server / Oracle / MySql database server IIS / Apache web server Visual Studio .NET

4.4

Deliverables

First draft of report.

15 October 2007

Final report.

19 October 2007

Project poster.

23 October 2007

Project web page.

24 October 2007

Final project presentations.

14 November 2007

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4.5

Milestones

Project presentation.

11 May 2007

Background, definition and theory chapter for report

25 May 2007

Chapter on Design for report.

30 July 2007

Prototype demonstration.

01 August 2007

Evaluation of implementation and write-up of experiment.

24 September 2007

Testing and implementation chapter for report.

01 October 2007

Outline of complete report

01 October 2007

Final implementation completed

01 October 2007

First draft of report.

15 October 2007

Final report.

19 October 2007

Project poster.

23 October 2007

Project web page.

24 October 2007

Project demonstrations to supervisors and second readers.

24 October 2007

Final project presentations.

14 November 2007

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4.6

Work Allocation

At present, the project has been split into the following components: Data storage and web server prototype: Design [Anton, Andre] Implementation [Anton] Testing [Anton] Documentation [Anton]

Photo browser interface prototype: Design [Andre, Anton] Implementation [Andre, Anton] Testing [Andre, Anton] Documentation [Andre] Experiments: Experiment design [Andre] Conducting of experiment [Andre, Anton] Analysis of results [Andre] Documentation: Presentation [Anton, Andre] Report: Background, definition and theory chapter [Anton] Project design [Anton, Andre] Experiment results [Andre] Testing and implementation [Andre, Anton] Project web page [Anton, Andre] Project poster [Anton, Andre] Final Presentation [Anton, Andre]

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5. REFERENCES [1] Keller, I, Stappers, P, Vroegindeweij, S, Supporting informal collections of digital images: organizing, browsing and sharing, 2004 [2] Shneiderman, B, Kang, H, Direct annotation: a drag-and-drop strategy for labeling photos, 2000 [3] Kirk, S, Sellen, A, Rother, C, Wood, K, Understanding Photowork, SIGCHI, 2006 [4] Wilhelm, A, Takhteyev, Y, Sarvas, R, Van House, N, Davis, M, Photo Annotation on a Camera Phone, SIGCHI, 2004 [5] Crabtree, A, Rodden, T, Mariani, J, Collaborating around Collections: Informing the Continued Development of Photoware, 2004 [6] Balabanovic, M, Chu, L, Wolff, G, Storytelling with Digital Photographs, SIGCHI, 2000 [7] Counts, S, Fellheimer, E, Supporting Social Presence through Lightweight Photo Sharing On and Off the Deskto, SIGCHI, 2004 [8] Wittenburg, K, Ali-Ahrnad, W, LaLiberte, D, Lanning, T, Rapid-Fire image Previews for information Navigation, 1998 [9] Huynh, D, Drucker, S, Baudisch, P, Wong, C, Time Quilt: Scaling up Zoomable Photo Browsers for Large, Unstructured Photo Collections, SIGCHI, 2005 [10] Rodden, K, Basalaj, W, Sinclair, W, Wood, K, Does Organisation by Similarity Assist Image Browsing?, SIGCHI, 2001 [11] Rodden, K, Wood, K, How Do People Manage Their Digital Photographs, SIGCHI, 2003 [12] Porta, M, Browsing Large Collections of Images through Unconventional Visualization Techniques, 2006 [13] Kudhinsky, A, Pering, C, Creech, M, Freeze, D, Serra, B, Gvvizdka, J, FotoFile: A Consumer Multimedia Organization and Retrieval System, SIGCHI, 1999

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6. APPENDIX A: GANTT CHART

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