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Hypertension Mohammed A. Rafey, MD Published: May 2013
Contents
Definition and Etiology Normal or optimal blood pressure (BP) is defined as the level above which minimal vascular damage occurs. There is a continuous, consistent, and independent relationship between elevated BP and risk of cardiovascular events. This was clearly demonstrated in a meta-analysis that included 1,000,000 individuals with no history of vascular disease. Among this group, during 12.7 million person-years at risk, there were about 56000 deaths categorized as vascular in origin (12000 stroke, 34000 ischemic heart disease, and 10000 “other vascular”) and 66000 other deaths at ages 40-89 years.1 Results from this study demonstrated that a BP level lower than 115/75 mmHg appears to better define optimal BP.1 According to the Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7), hypertension is defined as physician office systolic BP level of ≥140mmHg and diastolic BP of ≥90mmHg. The JNC 7 defines normal BP as a systolic BP